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43 results on '"space observation"'

2. Full-Polarimetric Tx/Rx Duplexer Concept for Broadband High-Power Radar Applications.

Author

Haas, Daniel

Subjects
*POWER transmission, *POLARIMETRY, *EPISTOLARY fiction
Abstract

In radar systems with a common Tx/Rx antenna, duplexers are used to separate Tx/Rx signals during operation. Especially for high-power radar systems, Tx/Rx duplexers are key components, affecting the overall system performance. This letter presents a novel Tx/Rx duplexer concept, suitable for circular full-polarimetric radar operation with multi-kW transmission power and broad bandwidth. The concept allows to push the reconnaissance capability of future broadband high-power radar sensors for space observation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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3. Observation System Design and Analysis for a New Staring Earth Radiation Budget Radiometer Based on the Lagrange L1 Point of the Earth–Moon System.

Author

Zhang, Hanyuan, Ye, Xin, Zhu, Ping, Fang, Wei, and Wang, Yuwei

Subjects
*TERRESTRIAL radiation, *SYSTEMS design, *RADIOMETERS, *GLOBAL radiation, *RADIATION sources, *LAGRANGIAN points
Abstract

The Earth's radiation budget (ERB), measured at the top of the atmosphere (TOP), quantifies the radiation imbalance between the Earth–atmosphere system and space. The ERB's measurement accuracy depends on the observation system's design and calibration technology. Fitting regional scanning data from polar satellite payloads is the most common way to obtain the global radiation budget. Additionally, the radiometers are calibrated by onboard stable radiation sources. We propose a new ERB radiometer operating at the Lagrange L1 point of the Earth–Moon system, which has the characteristic of observing the Earth and Moon on a hemispheric spatial scale. Hence, earth-integrated radiation can be measured directly. Furthermore, the Moon is used as a natural source for on-orbit calibration, and the attenuation of the instrument is monitored and corrected through periodic observations. This paper presents the concept of the radiometer and focuses on the design and analysis of the radiometer's observation systems based on optical design and stray radiation suppression. The results show that the system has good imaging quality. The external stray radiation suppression reached an order of 10−8, and the thermal stray radiation can be eliminated by temperature control and compensation. The radiometer will provide long-term integrated ERB data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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4. Gottfried Konecny: the ambassador of photogrammetry and remote sensing for 75 years

Author

Charles K. Toth

Subjects
photogrammetry, remote sensing, space observation, Mathematical geography. Cartography, GA1-1776, Geodesy, QB275-343
Abstract

A 90th birthday would be a milestone celebration for any person, but exceptionally rare if the person is still active after 75 years of working and serving the photogrammetric and remote sensing communities worldwide. This unprecedented career is the motivation to reflect on the technological developments of the past 75 years in the light of Gottfried Konecny’s lifetime achievements. I started to get to know Gottfried not long before he officially retired from the Institute for Photogrammetry and Engineering Surveys in 1998. Furthermore, I was not even born when he, as a young and talented scholar supported by the Fulbright Scholarship from the US Government, arrived at the Ohio State University (OSU), which has been my professional home for three decades. In the second half of Gottfried’s 75-year career, the technological changes have been phenomenal, and, furthermore, shown an accelerating trend in the past few years. It is absolutely remarkable how Gottfried has been able to keep up with these rapid changes and advancing technologies and exploits them for mapping and, in general, for all the users of the geospatial field at large. Additionally, his open-minded and kind personality has been always a major plus to his technical skills and experiences, and ultimately helped him assist many colleagues to advance their careers, and along the way developed and increased the use of geospatial data and systems in support of many countries worldwide.

Published
2021
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7. Gottfried Konecny: the ambassador of photogrammetry and remote sensing for 75 years.

Author

Toth, Charles K.

Subjects
REMOTE sensing, PHOTOGRAMMETRY, GEOSPATIAL data, DIGITAL photogrammetry, AMBASSADORS, STATE universities & colleges
Abstract

A 90th birthday would be a milestone celebration for any person, but exceptionally rare if the person is still active after 75 years of working and serving the photogrammetric and remote sensing communities worldwide. This unprecedented career is the motivation to reflect on the technological developments of the past 75 years in the light of Gottfried Konecny's lifetime achievements. I started to get to know Gottfried not long before he officially retired from the Institute for Photogrammetry and Engineering Surveys in 1998. Furthermore, I was not even born when he, as a young and talented scholar supported by the Fulbright Scholarship from the US Government, arrived at the Ohio State University (OSU), which has been my professional home for three decades. In the second half of Gottfried's 75-year career, the technological changes have been phenomenal, and, furthermore, shown an accelerating trend in the past few years. It is absolutely remarkable how Gottfried has been able to keep up with these rapid changes and advancing technologies and exploits them for mapping and, in general, for all the users of the geospatial field at large. Additionally, his open-minded and kind personality has been always a major plus to his technical skills and experiences, and ultimately helped him assist many colleagues to advance their careers, and along the way developed and increased the use of geospatial data and systems in support of many countries worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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8. Observation System Design and Analysis for a New Staring Earth Radiation Budget Radiometer Based on the Lagrange L1 Point of the Earth–Moon System

Author

Hanyuan Zhang, Xin Ye, Ping Zhu, Wei Fang, and Yuwei Wang

Subjects
space observation, Earth radiation budget, radiometer, optical design, stray radiation, Science
Abstract

The Earth’s radiation budget (ERB), measured at the top of the atmosphere (TOP), quantifies the radiation imbalance between the Earth–atmosphere system and space. The ERB’s measurement accuracy depends on the observation system’s design and calibration technology. Fitting regional scanning data from polar satellite payloads is the most common way to obtain the global radiation budget. Additionally, the radiometers are calibrated by onboard stable radiation sources. We propose a new ERB radiometer operating at the Lagrange L1 point of the Earth–Moon system, which has the characteristic of observing the Earth and Moon on a hemispheric spatial scale. Hence, earth-integrated radiation can be measured directly. Furthermore, the Moon is used as a natural source for on-orbit calibration, and the attenuation of the instrument is monitored and corrected through periodic observations. This paper presents the concept of the radiometer and focuses on the design and analysis of the radiometer’s observation systems based on optical design and stray radiation suppression. The results show that the system has good imaging quality. The external stray radiation suppression reached an order of 10−8, and the thermal stray radiation can be eliminated by temperature control and compensation. The radiometer will provide long-term integrated ERB data.

Published
2022
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9. Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) for Air Quality Applications

Author

Timmermans, R., Lahoz, W., Attié, J.-L., Peuch, V.-H., Edwards, D., Eskes, H., Builtjes, P., Abarbanel, Henry, Series editor, Braha, Dan, Series editor, Érdi, Péter, Series editor, Friston, Karl, Series editor, Haken, Hermann, Series editor, Jirsa, Viktor, Series editor, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series editor, Kaneko, Kunihiko, Series editor, Kelso, Scott, Series editor, Kirkilionis, Markus, Series editor, Kurths, Jürgen, Series editor, Nowak, Andrzej, Series editor, Qudrat-Ullah, Hassan, Series editor, Reichl, Linda, Series editor, Schuster, Peter, Series editor, Schweitzer, Frank, Series editor, Sornette, Didier, Series editor, Thurner, Stefan, Series editor, Steyn, Douw G., editor, and Chaumerliac, Nadine, editor

Published
2016
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10. Performance Analysis on ISAR Imaging of Space Targets

Author

Zhou Yejian, Zhang Lei, Wang Hongxian, and Xing Mengdao

Subjects
Space observation, Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) imaging, Radar operating distance, Coherent integration gain, Electricity and magnetism, QC501-766
Abstract

Usually, in traditional Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) systems design and mode selection for space satellite targets, coherent integration gain in azimuth direction hardly can be analyzed, which depends on target’s motion. In this study, we combine the target orbit parameters to determine its motion relative to radar and deduce coherent integration equation in ISAR imaging to realize the selection of imaging intervals based on coherent integration, which can ensure the resolution in azimuth direction. Meanwhile, we analyze the influence of target orbit altitude to echo power and imaging Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) that provides a new indicator for space observation ISAR systems design. The result of simulation experiment illustrates that with target orbit altitude increasing, coherent integration gain in azimuth direction of large-angular observation offsets the decreasing of imaging SNR in a degree, which provides a brand-new perspective for space observation ISAR systems and signal processing design.

Published
2017
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11. 一种招投标机制的多星自主协同任务规划方法.

Author

陈韬亦, 冯小恩, 陈金勇, and 李玉庆

Abstract

Copyright of Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology. Social Sciences Edition / Haerbin Gongye Daxue Xuebao. Shehui Kexue Ban is the property of Harbin Institute of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2019
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13. Analysis of lightning strokes associated with sprites observed by ISUAL in the vicinity of North America.

Author

Gaopeng Lu, Cummer, Steven A., Chen, Alfred B., Fanchao Lyu, Dongshuai Li, Fei Liu, Rue-Ron Hsu, and Han-Tzong Su

Subjects
*SPRITES (Atmospheric lightning), *THUNDERSTORMS, *LIGHTNING, *CLIMATE change
Abstract

We examined the broadband (< 1 Hz to 30 kHz) lightning sferics associated with 395 sprites observed near North America by the Imager of Sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightning (ISUAL) onboard the FORMOSAT-2 satellite in a 12-year period from 2004 - 2015. Our analysis indicates that the ISUAL dataset contains a significant fraction (69, or ~18%) of negative sprites, which were predominantly (> 80%) observed over oceanic and coastal thunderstorms mostly in tropical areas. The mean and median of impulse charge moment change (iCMC) associated with positive (negative) sprites are +346 C km (-709 C km) and +280 C km (-649 C km), respectively. The morphology and parent lightning properties (e.g., typically with high peak currents > -80 kA and large iCMCs > -300 C km) of negative sprites observed by the ISUAL are generally consistent with that documented in ground-based observations, but the ISUAL dataset does imply that sprites are sometimes produced by negative strokes with sub-critical iCMCs (less than -300 C km). Consequently, the future survey of global occurrence of sprites is desired to be based on complementary ground and space-borne observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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14. Full-Polarimetric Tx/Rx Duplexer Concept for Broadband High-Power Radar Applications

Author

Daniel Haas and Publica

Subjects
Quasi-optical radar frontend, Radiation, Space observation, Full-polarimetric radar, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, High-power microwave, Condensed Matter Physics, Instrumentation
Abstract

In radar systems with a common Tx/Rx antenna, duplexers are used to separate Tx/Rx signals during operation. Especially for high-power radar systems, Tx/Rx duplexers are key components, affecting the overall system performance. This letter presents a novel Tx/Rx duplexer concept, suitable for circular full-polarimetric radar operation with multi-kW transmission power and broad bandwidth. The concept allows to push the reconnaissance capability of future broadband high-power radar sensors for space observation.

Published
2022

15. IR Spectra in Space Observation

Author

Dahoo, Pierre-Richard, Lakhlifi, Azzedine, PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and Pierre-Richard Dahoo, Azzedine Lakhlifi (eds.)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Space observation, Iinfrared spectroscopy, Laser absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform spectroscopy
Abstract

International audience; In a laboratory, experimental infrared spectroscopy of atmospheric molecules is mainly studied in the gas phase. This chapter focuses on observation and measuring techniques. It is dedicated to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The chapter includes a description of the operating elements related to technical aspects in the setup for observation or data analysis. Two types of interferometers are described, a laboratory interferometer and a commercial interferometer. The chapter provides examples of techniques that were applied for the study of molecules in the atmospheres of planets other than the Earth. It also includes a brief description of the spectroscopic ellipsometry technique, which is used for the study of materials deposited as thin layers on substrates. The chapter describes examples of devices used for space observation and analysis, one ex situ and the other aboard a space probe.

Published
2022

16. Ultra high energy photons and neutrinos with JEM-EUSO.

Author

Adams, J., Ahmad, S., Albert, J., Allard, D., Anchordoqui, L., Andreev, V., Anzalone, A., Arai, Y., Asano, K., Ave Pernas, M., Baragatti, P., Barrillon, P., Batsch, T., Bayer, J., Bechini, R., Belenguer, T., Bellotti, R., Belov, K., Berlind, A., and Bertaina, M.

Subjects
*PHOTONS, *NEUTRINOS, *ASTROPHYSICS, *COSMIC rays, *INTERSTELLAR medium, *ASTRONOMICAL observations
Abstract

Ultra high energy photons and neutrinos are carriers of very important astrophysical information. They may be produced at the sites of cosmic ray acceleration or during the propagation of the cosmic rays in the intergalactic medium. In contrast to charged cosmic rays, photon and neutrino arrival directions point to the production site because they are not deflected by the magnetic fields of the Galaxy or the intergalactic medium. In this work we study the characteristics of the longitudinal development of showers initiated by photons and neutrinos at the highest energies. These studies are relevant for development of techniques for neutrino and photon identification by the JEM-EUSO telescope. In particular, we study the possibility of observing the multi-peak structure of very deep horizontal neutrino showers with JEM-EUSO. We also discuss the possibility to determine the flavor content of the incident neutrino flux by taking advantage of the different characteristics of the longitudinal profiles generated by different type of neutrinos. This is of grate importance for the study of the fundamental properties of neutrinos at the highest energies. Regarding photons, we discuss the detectability of the cosmogenic component by JEM-EUSO and also estimate the expected upper limits on the photon fraction which can be obtained from the future JEM-EUSO data for the case in which there are no photons in the samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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18. Large-scale earth surface thermal radiative features in space observation.

Author

Yang, Fan, Han, Yuge, and Xuan, Yimin

Subjects
*LARGE scale systems, *SURFACE of the earth, *HEAT radiation & absorption, *ASTRONOMICAL observations, *REMOTE sensing, *INFRARED radiation
Abstract

It is necessary to complete the earth thermal radiative modeling, since it is the most important background in space infrared observation. A new method was proposed to calculate the earth thermal infrared radiation combined with remote sensing technology. The simplified model also was proposed when the solar radiative impact is neglected properly. The practical split-window algorithm was used to retrieve the global surface temperature from MODIS data products. Integrated with MODTRAN code to calculate the atmospheric radiation and transmittance, the earth thermal infrared features were calculated in typical months. Moreover the radiance dependence on viewing angle was discussed. Through the comparison with CERES measurement results, this model has been proved effective and practicable, and that it would have a further application in space thermal environment analysis or space infrared observation technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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19. THE JEM-EUSO MISSION.

Author

BERTAINA, M.

Subjects
*COSMIC rays, *ASTROPHYSICS, *GAMMA rays, *PARTICLE accelerators
Published
2012

20. Neutrino initiated cascades at mid and high altitudes in the atmosphere

Author

Supanitsky, A.D. and Medina-Tanco, G.

Subjects
*NEUTRINOS, *ATMOSPHERE, *HADRON interactions, *COSMIC rays, *RADIATION, *HEAVY particles (Nuclear physics), *SPACE, *ASTRONOMICAL observations
Abstract

Abstract: High energy neutrinos play a very important role for the understanding of the origin and propagation of ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECR). They can be produced as a consequence of the hadronic interactions suffered by the cosmic rays in the acceleration regions, as by products of the propagation of the UHECR in the radiation background and as a main product of the decay of super heavy relic particles. A new era of very large exposure space observatories, of which the JEM-EUSO mission is a prime example, is on the horizon which opens the possibility of neutrino detection in the highest energy region of the spectrum. In the present work we use a combination of the PYTHIA interaction code with the CONEX shower simulation package in order to produce fast one-dimensional simulations of neutrino initiated showers in air. We make a detail study of the structure of the corresponding longitudinal profiles, but focus our physical analysis mainly on the development of showers at mid and high altitudes, where they can be an interesting target for space fluorescence observatories. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2011
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21. Extreme high energy proton-gamma discrimination from space observations

Author

Supanitsky, A.D. and Medina-Tanco, G.

Subjects
*ASTRONOMICAL observations, *COSMIC rays, *GAMMA rays, *PHOTON detectors, *ASTROPHYSICS, *COSMIC ray showers, *MAGNETOSPHERIC physics, *STATISTICAL physics
Abstract

Abstract: The origin of the highest energy cosmic rays is still unknown. At present, the major uncertainties are located at energies above ∼1019.5 eV, the expected beginning of the GZK suppression. This is mainly due to the low statistics available, a problem that will be addressed in unprecedented way by the upcoming orbital detectors like JEM-EUSO. The detection of very high energy photons is of great relevance for the understanding of the origin of this extreme energy cosmic rays (EECR), due to the astrophysical information content. However, their discrimination is an experimental challenge for current and future cosmic ray detectors. In this work we study the statistical separation between hadron and photon showers from space observations at energies where both, the Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal (LPM) effect and magnetospheric interactions are important for the development of the cascades. We base our analysis on the X max parameter, which is already a well known composition discrimination parameter for ground based fluorescence observatories. Our analysis applies to orbiting detectors in general. Nevertheless, we exemplify the practical utilization of our technique by estimating a general upper limit to the photon fraction in the integral flux, attainable by an ideal orbital detector with characteristics similar to JEM-EUSO. In the process we describe the resultant asymmetry in the photon–hadron discrimination efficiency in galactic coordinates. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2011
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22. Perceção de crime e segurança, e análise dos espaços físicos do Centro Histórico do Porto

Author

Nunes, João Paulo Martins and Nunes, Laura M.

Subjects
Local Safety Diagnostics, Espaços, Space observation, Spaces, Segurança/Insegurança, Crime, Ciências Sociais::Direito [Domínio/Área Científica], Crime Prevention Through Environmental, Ciências Sociais::Psicologia [Domínio/Área Científica], Observação espacial, Diagnóstico Local de Segurança
Abstract

Submitted by halves@ufp.pt (halves@ufp.pt) on 2019-04-01T11:19:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DM_João Nunes.pdf: 3048585 bytes, checksum: e63291b737337b3126eee9f4adb91782 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by halves@ufp.pt (halves@ufp.pt) on 2019-04-01T11:19:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DM_João Nunes.pdf: 3048585 bytes, checksum: e63291b737337b3126eee9f4adb91782 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-04-01T11:19:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DM_João Nunes.pdf: 3048585 bytes, checksum: e63291b737337b3126eee9f4adb91782 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-03-27

Published
2019

23. ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЕ СЛОЖНОЙ ЭЛЕКТРОННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ НА НОВЫХ ФИЗИЧЕСКИХ ПРИНЦИПАХ

Subjects
relay satellite, спутник-ретранслятор, фоточувствительная матрица, Space observation, космическая связь, прибор с зарядовой связью, digital telecommunication system, phased array antenna, charge coupled device, remote sensing, photosensitive matrix, дистанционное зондирование, Space communication, цифровая телекоммуникационная система, антенная фазированная решетка, космическое наблюдение
Abstract

Современные сложные электронные системы в основном комплектуются ранее освоенными в производстве компонентами. Большое число электронных компонентов, входящих в сложную систему, предъявляет повышенные требования к их надежности и заставляет проектировщиков использовать при разработке системы только хорошо известные и успевшие подтвердить свою надежность компоненты. Однако, для достижения уникально высоких характеристик приходится неизбежно рисковать и применять в сложных системах новейшие компоненты, в том числе и работающие на новых физических принципах. В статье проанализирован опыт проектирования сверхсложной системы Сплав оперативного наблюдения поверхности Земли из Космоса. В базовом элементе системы Сплав - фоточувствительной матрице приборов с зарядовой связью (ПЗС), использован неизвестный ранее физический принцип синхронного накопления энергии движущегося изображения. Отсутствие прототипа проектируемой системы повлекло за собой большую теоретическую и экспериментальную работу по обоснованию ее работоспособности и по оценке ее будущих характеристик. Базовый элемент определил структуру всей проектируемой системы. Проектирование и экспериментальная отработка новой системы проходили параллельно с разработкой и совершенствованием технологии изготовления новых электронных изделий, в соответствии с принципом сопряженного проектирования сложной системы в целом и ее базовых компонентов., Modern complex electronic systems mostly comprise wide production industrial components. A large number of electronic components entering the complex system requires their high reliability and forces designers to base their projects only on well known components, which have happened to prove their high reliability. But to reach the extremely high system performance it may be unavoidable to risk in utilizing the newest components, including those, which work on new physical principles. The paper analyzes the super complex system Splav projection experience, the system being designed for the Earth surface operative observation from Space. The system's basic element – the photosensitive charge coupled device (CCD) matrix, utilizes a unknown before physical principle of the moving image energy synchronous accumulation. The lack of the prototype for the system under projection required a large theoretical and experimental work to prove its functionality and evaluate its future characteristics. The basic element has defined the structure of the whole system under projection. The new system projection and the experimental work out went in parallel with the new electronic components technology development and perfection in agreement with the joint projection principle for the whole system and its basic components., №4 (2019)

Published
2019
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28. Space observations of the zodiacal light

Author

Weinberg, J. L., Ehlers, J., editor, Hepp, K., editor, Weidenmüller, H. A., editor, Zittartz, J., editor, Beiglböck, W., editor, Dohnanyi, J. S., editor, Grün, E., editor, Lindblad, B. A., editor, Link, H., editor, Rahe, J., editor, Elsässer, H., editor, and Fechting, H., editor

Published
1976
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31. Earth and space observation at the German Antarctic Receiving Station O’Higgins

Author

Roopesh Ojha, A. Reinhold, Erhard Diedrich, Peter Steigenberger, Reiner Wojdziak, Kathrin Höppner, Matthias Braun, Robert Metzig, Ulrich Balss, Hennes Henniger, Johannes Böhm, Harald Schuh, Angelika Humbert, Jing Sun, Axel Rülke, Thomas Klügel, Christian Plötz, Matthias Kadler, Christoph Gisinger, Elke Kühmstedt, Reinhard Falk, and Michael Eineder

Subjects
Earth observation, Ecology, Space observation, Geography, Planning and Development, Satellite receiving station, International ground segment, Geodetic datum, Tandem-X, Geodesy, Antarctic Peninsula, 13. Climate action, GNSS applications, Observatory, Very-long-baseline interferometry, International Celestial Reference Frame, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, ERS, Satellite, Channel (broadcasting), Geology, TerraSAR-X, Remote sensing
Abstract

The German Antarctic Receiving Station (GARS) O’Higgins at the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula is a dual purpose facility for earth observation and has existed for more than 20 years. It serves as a satellite ground station for payload data downlink and telecommanding of remote sensing satellites as well as a geodetic observatory for global reference systems and global change. Both applications use the same 9 m diameter radio antenna. Major outcomes of this usage are summarised in this paper.The satellite ground station O’Higgins (OHG) is part of the global ground station network of the German Remote Sensing Data Centre (DFD) operated by the German Aerospace Centre (DLR). It was established in 1991 to provide remote sensing data downlink support within the missions of the European Remote Sensing Satellites ERS-1 and ERS-2. These missions provided valuable insights into the changes of the Antarctic ice shield. Especially after the failure of the on-board data recorder, OHG became an essential downlink station for ERS-2 real-time data transmission. Since 2010, OHG is manned during the entire year, specifically to support the TanDEM-X mission. OHG is a main dump station for payload data, monitoring and telecommanding of the German TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X satellites.For space geodesy and astrometry the radio antenna O’Higgins significantly improves coverage over the southern hemisphere and plays an essential role within the global Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) network. In particular the determination of the Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP) and the sky coverage of the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF) benefit from the location at a high southern latitude. Further, the resolution of VLBI images of active galactic nuclei (AGN), cosmic radio sources defining the ICRF, improves significantly when O’Higgins is included in the network. The various geodetic instrumentation and the long time series at O’Higgins allow a reliable determination of crustal motions. VLBI station velocities, continuous GNSS measurements and campaign-wise absolute gravity measurements consistently document a vertical rate of about 5 mm/a. This crustal uplift is interpreted as an elastic rebound due to ice loss as a consequence of the ice shelf disintegration in the Prince Gustav Channel in the late 1990s.The outstanding location on the Antarctic continent and its year-around operation make GARS O’Higgins in future increasingly attractive for polar orbiting satellite missions and a vitally important station for the global VLBI network. Future plans call for the development of an observatory for environmentally relevant research. That means that the portfolio of the station will be expanded including the expansion of the infrastructure and the construction and operation of new scientific instruments suitable for long-term measurements and satellite ground truthing.

Published
2015

32. Ultra high energy photons and neutrinos with JEM-EUSO

Author

M. Weber, D. Monnier-Ragaigne, A. Segreto, H. Rothkaehl, C. Catalano, B. Mot, S. Watanabe, N. Blanc, M. Bonamente, S. Ahmad, M. Unger, D. Semikoz, M. Sakata, M. Reyes, L. Marcelli, Yukihiro Takahashi, I. Rodríguez, M. Serra, R. Bechini, M. Rybczyński, C. González Alvarado, T. Murakami, J. Karczmarczyk, F. Kajino, Marco Casolino, Claudio Fornaro, S. Ogio, L. Valore, I. Kaneko, B. Szabelska, G. Cordero, T. Shirahama, S. Blin-Bondil, G. Siemieniec-Oziȩbło, H. Ikeda, H. W. Park, L. Villaseñor, V. Andreev, Roberto Bellotti, M. J. Christl, T. Paul, F. Dulucq, H. Sato, D. Yonetoku, A. Guzman, O. Martinez, K. Mannheim, T. Wibig, A. Bruno, E. G. Judd, K. Mase, O. Tibolla, M. S. Briggs, Y. Tsunesada, R. Engel, F. Guarino, P. Picozza, H. Salazar, A. Marini, M. Chikawa, A. Jung, J. Watts, C. Pennypacker, P. Vallania, F. Tajima, D. Campana, J. Lee, T. Shibata, M. D. Sabau, Silvia Ferrarese, B. Pastircak, D. Allard, R. Matev, M. Sanz Palomino, A. Ebersoldt, M. E. Bertaina, K. Yoshida, M. Putis, A. Sobey, A. Neronov, A. Haungs, I. H. Park, D. Maravilla, J. Fujimoto, M. Karus, C. Tenzer, H. H. Silva Lopez, Gali Garipov, K. Shinozaki, R. Nava, J. H. Adams, Frederic Trillaud, Y. Uchihori, L. Wiencke, M. Nagata, Domenico Finco, N. Sakaki, P. Barrillon, Z. Włodarczyk, Y. Kurihara, Lech Wiktor Piotrowski, D. Kolev, G. Castellinic, Hiroyuki Sagawa, Rossella Caruso, Alfonso Monaco, S. Selmane, P. von Ballmoos, P. Prat, S. Piraino, G. Vankova, S. Sánchez, Dmitry V. Naumov, T. J. Weiler, S. Yoshida, E. Kuznetsov, H. Prieto, P. Bobik, S. Biktemerova, I. V. Yashin, R. Cremonini, C. Lachaud, S. Dagoret-Campagne, C. De Donato, S. W. Kim, G. Catalano, G. Gelmini, L. del Peral, A. Franceschi, E. Parizot, Maxim Gonchar, T. Nakamura, M. Nagano Murakami, Toshikazu Ebisuzaki, I. Kreykenbohm, T. Batsch, Y. Kawasaki, J. Watanabe, M. Takeda, G. Sáez-Cano, R. Tsenov, T. Patzak, Simona Toscano, S. Falk, J. S. Kim, T. Nonaka, V. S. Morozenko, J. N. Albert, K. Tsuno, J. A. Morales de los Ríos, V. Connaughton, Ke Fang, N. Inoue, Thomas Schanz, R. Young, M. D. Rodríguez Frías, Francesco Fenu, Tomás Belenguer, M. Roth, H. Ohmori, P. Reardon, Y. Itow, A. Kusenko, K. Higashide, G. Modestino, P. Orleański, Susumu Inoue, Livio Conti, P. Gorodetzky, A. Zuccaro Marchi, A. A. Berlind, G. Masciantonio, E. Joven, A. J. de Castro, M. Suzuki, Jörn Wilms, M. I. Panasyuk, J. Błȩcki, J. Yang, D. Cline, G. Giraudo, J. F. Valdés-Galicia, M. Kleifges, O. A. Saprykin, H. Lim, M. Dupieux, M. Fukushima, Z. Plebaniak, A. Insolia, M. C. Maccarone, T. Kajino, V. Scotti, S. Csorna, F. Ronga, M. Wille, F. Sarazin, T. Napolitano, D. Ikeda, C. de la Taille, B. Keilhauer, H. M. Shimizu, K. Katahira, K. Słomińska, J. Geary, L. Anchordoqui, Y. Karadzhov, G. Distratis, H. J. Crawford, N. De Simone, K. Asano, B. A. Khrenov, A. Cellino, G. Osteria, H. Miyamoto, J. N. Capdevielle, L. Santiago Crúz, Y. Hachisu, C. Moretto, Y. Arai, Francesco Isgrò, M. Ricci, M. Ave Pernas, M. Flamini, J. Licandro, G. Prévôt, K. Belov, T. Pierog, P. Galeotti, Sergei A. Sharakin, K. Nomoto, Y. Takizawa, C. Blaksley, J. Hernández Carretero, Mitsuteru Sato, J. Szabelski, Y. Mizumoto, T. Peter, T. Yamamoto, P. Baragatti, Y. Miyazaki, M. Di Martino, T. Tymieniecka, J. Sledd, G. Medina-Tanco, Ovidiu Vaduvescu, M. Lacombe, Claudio Cassardo, T. Mernik, A. Anzalone, C. De Santis, T. Tajima, Satoshi Wada, J. Bayer, T. Ogawa, A. Pollini, Pavel Klimov, Angela V. Olinto, Fernando López, Andrea Santangelo, H. Schieler, A. Dell’Oro, H. Tokuno, T. Sugiyama, P. L. Biermann, I. Rusinov, D. Supanitsky, S. Perez Cano, N. Tone, L. Tkachev, N. Tajima, Y. Yamamoto, M. Bogomilov, M. Yu. Zotov, Susana Briz, G. Roudil, B. Harlov, Carlo Vigorito, K. Kudela, S. Nagataki, J. Blümer, K. Kawai, Akinori Saito, T. Tomida, H. Takami, Hajime Yano, I. Fernández-Gómez, F. Cafagna, Adams, J. H., Ahmad, S., Albert, J. N., Allard, D., Anchordoqui, L., Andreev, V., Anzalone, A., Arai, Y., Asano, K., Ave Pernas, M., Baragatti, P., Barrillon, P., Batsch, T., Bayer, J., Bechini, R., Belenguer, T., Bellotti, R., Belov, K., Berlind, A. A., Bertaina, M., Biermann, P. L., Biktemerova, S., Blaksley, C., Blanc, N., Błȩcki, J., Blin Bondil, S., Blümer, J., Bobik, P., Bogomilov, M., Bonamente, M., Briggs, M. S., Briz, S., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Capdevielle, J. N., Caruso, R., Casolino, M., Cassardo, C., Castellinic, G., Catalano, C., Catalano, G., Cellino, A., Chikawa, M., Christl, M. J., Cline, D., Connaughton, V., Conti, L., Cordero, G., Crawford, H. J., Cremonini, R., Csorna, S., Dagoret Campagne, S., de Castro, A. J., De Donato, C., de la Taille, C., De Santis, C., del Peral, L., Dell’Oro, A., De Simone, N., Di Martino, M., Distratis, G., Dulucq, F., Dupieux, M., Ebersoldt, A., Ebisuzaki, T., Engel, R., Falk, S., Fang, K., Fenu, F., Fernández Gómez, I., Ferrarese, S., Finco, D., Flamini, M., Fornaro, C., Franceschi, A., Fujimoto, J., Fukushima, M., Galeotti, P., Garipov, G., Geary, J., Gelmini, G., Giraudo, G., Gonchar, M., González Alvarado, C., Gorodetzky, P., Guarino, Fausto, Guzmán, A., Hachisu, Y., Harlov, B., Haungs, A., Hernández Carretero, J., Higashide, K., Ikeda, D., Ikeda, H., Inoue, N., Inoue, S., Insolia, A., Isgro', Francesco, Itow, Y., Joven, E., Judd, E. G., Jung, A., Kajino, F., Kajino, T., Kaneko, I., Karadzhov, Y., Karczmarczyk, J., Karus, M., Katahira, K., Kawai, K., Kawasaki, Y., Keilhauer, B., Khrenov, B. A., Kim, J. S., Kim, S. W., Kleifges, M., Klimov, P. A., Kolev, D., Kreykenbohm, I., Kudela, K., Kurihara, Y., Kusenko, A., Kuznetsov, E., Lacombe, M., Lachaud, C., Lee, J., Licandro, J., Lim, H., López, F., Maccarone, M. C., Mannheim, K., Maravilla, D., Marcelli, L., Marini, A., Martinez, O., Masciantonio, G., Mase, K., Matev, R., Medina Tanco, G., Mernik, T., Miyamoto, H., Miyazaki, Y., Mizumoto, Y., Modestino, G., Monaco, A., Monnier Ragaigne, D., Morales de los Ríos, J. A., Moretto, C., Morozenko, V. S., Mot, B., Murakami, T., Murakami, M. Nagano, Nagata, M., Nagataki, S., Nakamura, T., Napolitano, T., Naumov, D., Nava, R., Neronov, A., Nomoto, K., Nonaka, T., Ogawa, T., Ogio, S., Ohmori, H., Olinto, A. V., Orleański, P., Osteria, G., Panasyuk, M. I., Parizot, E., Park, I. H., Park, H. W., Pastircak, B., Patzak, T., Paul, T., Pennypacker, C., Perez Cano, S., Peter, T., Picozza, P., Pierog, T., Piotrowski, L. W., Piraino, S., Plebaniak, Z., Pollini, A., Prat, P., Prévôt, G., Prieto, H., Putis, M., Reardon, P., Reyes, M., Ricci, M., Rodríguez, I., Rodríguez Frías, M. D., Ronga, F., Roth, M., Rothkaehl, H., Roudil, G., Rusinov, I., Rybczyński, M., Sabau, M. D., Sáez Cano, G., Sagawa, H., Saito, A., Sakaki, N., Sakata, M., Salazar, H., Sánchez, S., Santangelo, A., Santiago Crúz, L., Sanz Palomino, M., Saprykin, O., Sarazin, F., Sato, H., Sato, M., Schanz, T., Schieler, H., Scotti, V., Segreto, A., Selmane, S., Semikoz, D., Serra, M., Sharakin, S., Shibata, T., Shimizu, H. M., Shinozaki, K., Shirahama, T., Siemieniec Oziȩbło, G., Silva López, H. H., Sledd, J., Słomińska, K., Sobey, A., Sugiyama, T., Supanitsky, D., Suzuki, M., Szabelska, B., Szabelski, J., Tajima, F., Tajima, N., Tajima, T., Takahashi, Y., Takami, H., Takeda, M., Takizawa, Y., Tenzer, C., Tibolla, O., Tkachev, L., Tokuno, H., Tomida, T., Tone, N., Toscano, S., Trillaud, F., Tsenov, R., Tsunesada, Y., Tsuno, K., Tymieniecka, T., Uchihori, Y., Unger, M., Vaduvescu, O., Valdés Galicia, J. F., Vallania, P., Valore, Laura, Vankova, G., Vigorito, C., Villaseñor, L., von Ballmoos, P., Wada, S., Watanabe, J., Watanabe, S., Watts, J., Weber, M., Weiler, T. J., Wibig, T., Wiencke, L., Wille, M., Wilms, J., Włodarczyk, Z., Yamamoto, T., Yamamoto, Y., Yang, J., Yano, H., Yashin, I. V., Yonetoku, D., Yoshida, K., Yoshida, S., Young, R., Zotov, M. Y. u., and Zuccaro Marchi, A.

Subjects
space observation, Ciencias Físicas, Solar neutrino, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Neutrino, Neutrinos, Photons, Space observation, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, photons, Physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, neutrinos, Astronomy and Astrophysic, Solar neutrino problem, Photon, Astronomía, Cosmic neutrino background, Neutrino detector, Physics::Space Physics, Measurements of neutrino speed, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino astronomy, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
Abstract

Ultra high energy photons and neutrinos are carriers of very importantastrophysical information. They may be produced at the sites of cosmic ray acceleration or during the propagation of the cosmic rays in the intergalactic medium. In contrast to charged cosmic rays, photon and neutrino arrival directions point to the production site because they are not deflected by the magnetic fields of the Galaxy or the intergalactic medium. In this work we study the characteristics of the longitudinal development of showers initiated by photons and neutrinos at the highestenergies. These studies are relevant for development of techniques for neutrino and photon identification by the JEM-EUSO telescope. In particular, we study the possibility of observing the multi-peak structure of very deep horizontal neutrino showers with JEM-EUSO. We also discuss the possibility to determine the flavor content of the incident neutrino flux by taking advantage of the different characteristics of thelongitudinal profiles generated by different type of neutrinos. This is of grate importance for the study of the fundamental properties of neutrinos at the highest energies. Regarding photons, we discuss the detectability of the cosmogenic component by JEM-EUSO and also estimate the expected upper limits on the photon fraction which can be obtained from the future JEM-EUSO data for the case in which there are no photons in the samples. Fil: Supanitsky, Alberto Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciónes Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio. - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio; Argentina Fil: Medina Tanco, G.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México Fil: Guzman, A.. University of Tubingen; Alemania Fil: Adams, J. H.. University of Alabama in Huntsville; Estados Unidos Fil: Ahmad, S.. Ecole Polytechnique; Francia Fil: Albert, J. N.. Univ Paris-Sud; Francia Fil: Allard, D.. Univ Paris Diderot; Francia Fil: Anchordoqui, L.. University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee; Estados Unidos Fil: Andreev, V.. University of California; Estados Unidos Fil: Anzalone, A.. Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo; Italia Fil: Arai, Y.. High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); Japón Fil: Asano, K.. Tokyo Institute of Technology; Japón Fil: Ave Pernas, M.. Universidad de Alcalá; España Fil: Baragatti, P.. UTIU, Dipartimento di Ingegneria; Italia Fil: Barrillon, P.. Univ Paris-Sud; Francia Fil: Batsch, T.. National Centre for Nuclear Research; Polonia Fil: Bayer, J.. University of Tubingen; Alemania Fil: Bechini, R.. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Italia Fil: Belenguer, T.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial (INTA); España Fil: Bellotti, R.. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Italia Fil: Belov, K.. University of California; Estados Unidos Fil: Berlind, A. A.. Vanderbilt University; Estados Unidos Fil: Bertaina, M.. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Italia Fil: Biermann, P. L.. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Alemania Fil: Biktemerova, S.. Joint Institute for Nuclear Research; Rusia Fil: Blaksley, C.. Univ Paris Diderot; Francia Fil: Blanc, N.. Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology (CSEM); Suiza Fil: Blecki, J.. Space Research Centre of the Polish Academy of Sciences (CBK); Polonia Fil: Blin-Bondil, S.. Ecole Polytechnique; Francia Fil: Blumer, J.. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Alemania Fil: The JEM-EUSO Collaboration.

Published
2015

34. Quantifying Space Environment Interactions with Debris Objects using Observation Data Fusion Techniques

Author

BERN UNIV (SWITZERLAND), Schildknecht, Thomas, Hager, Monika, BERN UNIV (SWITZERLAND), Schildknecht, Thomas, and Hager, Monika

Abstract

In this report, we describe the first steps towards the goal of quantifying space environment interactions with debris objects using observation data fusion techniques, namely the setup of an observation campaign to acquire lightcurves of geosynchronous artificial space objects. We first explain how the candidate objects were selected. Then we describe the acquisition of the observations, featuring technical details, the observation strategy and also the practical difficulties that we encountered along the way. Finally, we present the successfully acquired observations, giving a qualitative discussion of the obtained light curves and a quantitative discussion of the rotation periods for a number of sample objects. In order to quantify space environment interactions with debris objects using observation data fusion techniques, additional work is needed., The original document contains color images.

Published
2014

35. On the possibility of neutrino flavor identification at the highest energies

Author

A.D. Supanitsky and Gustavo Medina-Tanco

Subjects
Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Ciencias Físicas, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https], ULTRA HIGH ENERGY NEUTRINOS, Astronomía, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], SPACE OBSERVATION, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Humanities, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), FLAVOR DISCRIMINATION, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
Abstract

High energy astrophysical neutrinos carry relevant information about the origin and propagation of cosmic rays. They can be created as a by-product of the interactions of cosmic rays in the sources and during propagation of these high energy particles through the intergalactic medium. The determination of flavor composition in this high energy flux is important because it presents a unique chance to probe our understanding of neutrino flavor oscillations at gamma factors >10^21. In this work we develop a new statistical technique to study the flavor composition of the incident neutrino flux, which is based on the multipeak structure of the longitudinal profiles of very deep electron and tau neutrino horizontal air showers. Although these longitudinal profiles can be observed by means of fluorescence telescopes placed over the Earth's surface, orbital detectors are more suitable for neutrino observations owing to their much larger aperture. Therefore, we focus on the high energy region of the neutrino spectrum relevant for observations with orbital detectors like the planned JEM-EUSO telescope., Accepted for publication in Physical Review D

Published
2012

38. Preface

Author

Haisch, Bernhard M., Rodonò, Marcello, Haisch, Bernhard M., editor, and Rodonò, Marcello, editor

Published
1989
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39. Bilan radiatif, nébulosité et climat : le programme ScaRaB (Radiative budget, cloudiness and climate : ScaRaB)

Author

Robert Kandel

Subjects
Geography, Diurnal variation, Bidirectional reflectance, Radiation budget. Climate, Cloud cover, Space observation, Geography, Planning and Development, Humanities, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract

- We recall the fundamental role of the Earth radiation budget (ERB) in climat, emphasizing the importance of cloud-radiation interactions and feedback for assessing climate sensitivity to perturbations, in particular to the increasing abundance of greenhouse gases. We review the problems of methodology for determination of ERB components from space observations, with a survey of the different American missions (from Nimbus to ERBE to CERES), and of the initiation of the ScaRaB program. We describe the ScaRaB instrument, its ground and onboard calibration systems, and the algorithms used in ground datât processing. We provide preliminary results from Flight Model 1 data, and conclude with a presentation of the perspectives for continuation of the program., Résumé. - Nous rappelons le rôle fondamental du bilan radiatif de la Terre (BRT) dans le maintien du climat, soulignant l'importance des interactions et rétroactions entre le rayonnement et la nébulosité pour l'estimation de la sensibilité du climat à toute perturbation, et notamment à l'accroissement des gaz à effet de serre. Nous passons en revue les problèmes de la méthodologie de la détermination du bilan radiatif par l'observation spatiale, et nous donnons également un aperçu sur les différentes missions américaines (de Nimbus à ERBE et à CERES) et sur la genèse du programme ScaRaB. Nous décrivons l'instrument ScaRaB, ses systèmes d'étalonnage, et les algorithmes employés dans le système de traitement des données. Nous donnons des résultats préliminaires tirés des observations faites par le premier modèle de vol, et nous concluons avec une présentation des perspectives pour la poursuite du programme., Kandel Robert. Bilan radiatif, nébulosité et climat : le programme ScaRaB (Radiative budget, cloudiness and climate : ScaRaB). In: Bulletin de l'Association de géographes français, 73e année, 1996-4 ( septembre). pp. 291-303.

Published
1996

42. The JEM-EUSO Mission to Explore the Extreme Universe

Author

Medina-Tanco, G.

Subjects
*DIAMETER, *CHERENKOV counters, *LORENTZ force, *FLUORESCENCE spectroscopy, *COSMIC rays, *NUCLEAR energy, *PARTICLE acceleration
Abstract

Abstract: The JEM-EUSO mission will explore the origin of the extreme energy comic-rays (EECRs) above and and can shed new light on some topics of fundamental physics. It is planned to be launched by a H2B rocket on 2017 and transferred to ISS by the H2 Transfer Vehicle (HTV), where it will be attached to the external experiment platform of KIBO. The super-wide-field of view (60 degrees) telescope, with a diameter of about 2.5m looks down the night-side atmosphere of the Earth from ∼400 km of altitude, to detect near UV photons (330–400nm, both fluorescent and Cherenkov) emitted by giant air-showers produced by EECRs. The instrument is design to observe between 500 and 800 events above 55 EeV in its first 3 yr of operation, as well as an exposure larger than 1 million km2 str yr at 5 yr after launch. At these energies cosmic rays carry directional information and the arrival direction map will allow the identification of point sources of EECR, in case they exist, and of their astronomical counterparts. The comparison among the energy spectra of the spatially resolved individual sources will clarify the acceleration/emission mechanism, and also probe the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin process for the validation of Lorentz invariance up to . Neutral components (neutrinos and gamma rays) can also be detected if their fluxes are high enough. In fact, few cosmogenic neutrinos per year can be expected under conservative assumptions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2012
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