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Purpose: This paper aims to address the challenges in hydroacoustic signal detection, signal distortion and target localization caused by baseline drift. The authors propose a combined algorithm that integrates short-time Fourier transform (STFT) detection, smoothness priors approach (SPA), attitude calibration and direction of arrival (DOA) estimation for micro-electro-mechanical system vector hydrophones. Design/methodology/approach: Initially, STFT method screens target signals with baseline drift in low signal-to-noise ratio environments, facilitating easier subsequent processing. Next, SPA is applied to the screened target signal, effectively removing the baseline drift, and combined with filtering to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Then, vector channel amplitudes are corrected using attitude correction with 2D compass data. Finally, the absolute target azimuth is estimated using the minimum variance distortion-free response beamformer. Findings: Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the SPA outperforms high-pass filtering in removing baseline drift and is comparable to the effectiveness of variational mode decomposition, with significantly shorter processing times, making it more suitable for real-time applications. The detection performance of the STFT method is superior to instantaneous correlation detection and sample entropy methods. The final DOA estimation achieves an accuracy within 2°, enabling precise target azimuth estimation. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to apply SPA to baseline drift removal in hydroacoustic signals, significantly enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of signal processing. It demonstrates the method's outstanding performance in the field of underwater signal processing. In addition, it confirms the reliability and feasibility of STFT for signal detection in the presence of baseline drift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The therapy of intoxication with distinct organophosphorus (OP) compounds is still limited today. Especially chemical warfare agents like tabun and soman as well as novichok intoxications are difficult to address using established oxime therapeutics. These neurotoxins inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), a pivotal enzyme in the synaptic cleft. The following accumulation of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft leads to a dysfunctional, desensitized state of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). Without adequate treatment, the resulting cholinergic crisis leads to death by respiratory arrest. Consequently, the research approach for new therapeutic options needs to be expanded. A promising option would be substances interacting directly with nAChRs. Therefore, screening methods for new drug candidates are needed, with affinity assays playing an important role. In the present work, a saturation and competition scintillation proximity assay (SPA) for binding studies at [3H]epibatidine binding sites, conventionally classified as orthosteric binding sites of the muscle type nAChR was developed. This method offers several advantages over other assay technologies because no separation as well as washing steps are required to remove unbound ligands. Assay precision and solvent tolerance were validated according to the guidelines for validation of bioanalytical methods of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA). The newly developed binding assay was successfully implemented on an automated pipetting platform and is suitable for high-throughput-screening of receptor-ligand interactions at the nAChR. Furthermore, it allows to investigate/quantify competition of highly toxic agents such as nerve agents or structurally similar pesticides at the orthosteric binding site. Related to further pharmacological results, the affinity to [3H]epibatidine binding sites can provide additional information on whether potential drug candidates would be suitable for treatment of nerve agent poisoning. • We present a newly developed scintillation proximity assay (SPA) for binding studies at the orthosteric binding sites of the nAChR. • This methodology offers considerable advantages because no separation and washing steps are required, drastically reducing contaminated waste. • The special design enables experiments to be carried out in the presence of highly toxic agents such as chemical warfare agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the epidemiology of subclinical mastitis, focusing on prevalence, risk factors, bacterial pathogens, virulence factors, antimicrobial sensitivity, and detection of methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacterial isolates in organized and unorganized dairy farms of Kamrup and adjoining districts of Assam. The overall prevalence of bovine subclinical mastitis was found to be 43.81% using the California Mastitis Test (CMT). Risk factor analysis revealed that age-wise, the highest prevalence was noted in the 4-6 years age group (51.95%) and at 4th lactation (60.40%). Significant associations were found between mastitis prevalence and various factors including age, breed, lactation number, stage of lactation, quarter-wise distribution, farm type, management system, and season. A total of 185 bacterial isolates were obtained, predominantly Staphylococcus spp. (143), with notable occurrences of Streptococcus spp. (22), Escherichia coli (14), and Enterococcus faecalis (6). Staphylococcus aureus emerged as the primary etiological agent, with 81.82% of isolates producing coagulase and 45.45% producing hemolysin, while 54.0% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates tested positive for the protein A (spa) gene. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing revealed enrofloxacin, gentamicin, and ceftriaxone as the most effective antibiotics, with penicillin-G demonstrating the least efficacy. Methicillin resistance was detected in 11.96% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates phenotypically and in 2.56% genotypically (mecA) revealing the emergence of MRSA which is important from a public health point of view. These findings highlight the prevalence of subclinical mastitis, the predominance of Staphylococcus aureus as the causative agent, and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, which warrants effective control measures and antimicrobial management in dairy farming practices.

Background and Aim: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes infectious diseases that are clinically problematic. Methicillin resistance is encoded by the mecA gene on the mobile staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), with SCCmec types I to V being the most prevalent. Staphylococcal protein A gene (spa) typing is a genotyping method designed for S. aureus. This study aimed to use SCCmec and spa genotyping-based methods to identify the genetic diversity of clinical MRSA isolates. Methods: Fifty MDR-MRSA isolates from tertiary hospitals in Egypt were subjected to molecular-based typing using multiplex PCR to identify SCCmec types I to V and detect spa types via spa DNA sequence analysis. Results: The predominant SCCmec types were SCCmec Ⅴ (34%) and SCCmec Ⅳ (32%). The spa sequence analysis revealed 13 definite spa types, with t084 (24.2%) being the most prevalent, followed by t688 (15.1%). Based on both genotyping methods, 20 diverse MRSA clones were identified, with the most predominant MRSA clones being CC15-SCCmecⅤ-t084 and CC15-SCCmecⅣ-t084 (12.1%). Conclusion: MRSA bacteria in Egyptian hospitals are genetically different, indicating that the strains have diverse origins. Thus, regular surveillance of MRSA diversity is required to detect emergent clones for precise epidemiological evaluation and improved procedures to prevent the spread of this superbug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ocean is the largest carbon sink on Earth and an important pathway to China achieving carbon neutrality. From a consumption perspective, studying the capacity of marine carbon sink in each of China's provinces and its interregional transfer is of great significance in harnessing the increase in ocean carbon sink driven by final demand. This article first calculates the productionside carbon sink in coastal provinces. Then, based on the 2007, 2012, 2015, and 2017 Chinese inter-regional input-output tables, each province's consumptionside marine carbon sink is calculated. The article further examines the influencing factors and key transfer paths for the growth of marine carbon sink through Structural Decomposition Analysis (SDA) and Structural Path Analysis (SPA) methods. The results show that each province's total consumption-side carbon sink continues to rise, with significant regional disparities, demonstrating a trend of higher carbon sink in coastal provinces than inland provinces. Among the nine coastal provinces, Hainan and Guangdong are in a net input state regarding carbon sink transfer, while the other seven are in a net output state. SDA results indicate that the carbon sink intensity effect and the consumption demand effect are important factors inhibiting and promoting carbon sink growth, respectively, while the influence of the input-output technical effect is weak and variable. SPA analysis reveals that carbon sink outputs are primarily transferred to the food and tobacco sector, the agricultural and forestry products and services sector, and the wood processing and furniture industry. The key transfer paths mostly occur within a province, with a relatively small proportion of interprovincial transfer paths. Based on the research findings, this article suggests steadily increasing the proportion of marine product consumption, actively expanding the value chain of shellfish and seaweed industries, continuously strengthening coordination between land and marine industries, and further promoting the domestic circulation of marine carbon sinks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In plant species, anthocyanin accumulation is specifically regulated by light signaling. Although the CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1/SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA‐105 (COP1/SPA) complex is known to control anthocyanin biosynthesis in response to light, the precise mechanism underlying this process remains largely unknown.Here, we report that Increase in BONSAI Methylation 1 (IBM1), a JmjC domain‐containing histone demethylase, participates in the regulation of light‐induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.The expression of IBM1 was induced by high light (HL) stress, and loss‐of‐function mutations in IBM1 led to accelerated anthocyanin accumulation under HL conditions. We further identified that IBM1 is directly associated with SPA1/3/4 chromatin in vivo to establish a hypomethylation status on H3K9 and DNA non‐CG at these loci under HL, thereby releasing their expression. Genetic analysis showed that quadruple mutants of IBM1 and SPA1/3/4 resemble spa134 mutants. Overexpression of SPA1 in ibm1 mutants complements the mutant phenotype.Our results elucidate the significance and mechanism of IBM1 histone demethylase in the epigenetic regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis under HL conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sclerosing polycystic adenoma (SPA) is a rare neoplastic salivary gland lesion with only about 100 cases reported worldwide so far. The lesion is confused with several malignant and other benign tumors such as apocrine intraductal carcinoma (IC), salivary duct carcinoma (SDC), chronic sclerosing sialadenitis, polycystic dysgenetic disease (PDD), pleomorphic adenoma (PA), acinic cell carcinoma (ACC), and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC). We present a case of SPA for a 23-year-old male patient presenting with a slowly growing parotid mass. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) followed by total excision of the tumor was performed and the picture was consistent with SPA. We discuss the findings of the case and briefly review the literature on SPA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Persistent nasal carriage has been associated with Staphylococcus aureus infection. Previous S. aureus studies in Asia have primarily focused on clinical patients, providing limited information on persistent nasal carriage among the general adult population. Methods: This study examined 143 healthy adults in a community in Jiangsu, China. Nasal swab samples were collected 10 times. The colonization status was identified using SPA typing. We also determined antimicrobial susceptibility, genotype, and genomic characteristics of S. aureus. Results: The prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage among the community individuals was on average 16.78%. The carriage rates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus and multidrug-resistant S. aureus were 6.29% and 7.69%, respectively. We identified 8.39% persistent carriers, 39.16% intermittent carriers, and 52.45% noncarriers. Furthermore, family members displayed concordance in terms of genotype and genomic characteristics. Conclusion: Persistent nasal sampling captured intermittent carriers that were missed during short-term sampling, thus highlighting the necessity for regular community testing. SPA typing can serve as a rapid method for determining S. aureus colonization. The potential for intrafamilial transmission of S. aureus is evident, with persistent carriers being the most probable source of infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of Review: Janus kinase–signal transducers and activators of transcription cell signaling proteins (JAK-STATs) play a key regulatory role in functioning of several inflammatory cytokines. JAK-STAT signaling proteins are the key regulators of the cytokine/cytokine receptor system involved in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune disease including spondyloarthritis (SpA). This article mainly highlights the JAK-STAT signaling system, its association with the relevant cytokine/cytokine-receptor system, and its regulatory role in pathogenesis of SpA. Also, we have briefly addressed the principle for the use JAKi in SpA and the current status of use of JAK inhibitors (JAKi) in SpA. Recent Findings: Recent developments with newer JAK molecules as well as other molecules beyond JAK inhibitors are now an exciting field for the development of novel therapies for autoimmune diseases and various malignant conditions. In this article, we have provided a special emphasis on how various cell signaling systems beyond JAK/STAT pathway are relevant to SpA and have provided a comprehensive review on this upcoming field in respect to the novel TYK2 inhibitors, RORγT inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors, NGF inhibitors, and various STAT kinase inhibitors. Summary: SpA are a group of autoimmune diseases with multifactorial etiologies. SpA is linked with genetic predisposition, environmental risk factors, and the immune system-mediated systemic inflammation. Here, we have provided the regulatory role of JAK/STAT pathway and other intracellular signaling system in the pathogenesis of SpA and its therapeutic relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism is affected by natural and man-made disasters, such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine war. The impacts of these on tourism have been analysed at national and regional levels, and at the level of individual destinations. However, the impacts on spa towns near the Ukrainian border are much less researched. The paper focuses on seven Hungarian spa destinations, one spa destination in Romania, and one in Slovakia to analyse the changes in their revealed comparative advantages between 2017 and 2023, covering the years of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian-Ukrainian war outbreak. The index of revealed comparative advantage was modified to make it applicable at town level in tourism, comparing destinations of various sizes and types. Findings show that the large, internationally focused destinations lost their comparative advantage during the pandemic, while smaller spa towns, orientated towards domestic tourism, benefited from the border lockdowns. The war outbreak led to considerable losses of comparative advantage in the spa destinations, while their countries and capital cities could increase their comparative advantages. Despite the crises, the competitiveness of spa resorts was better than the European Union average, though their countries remained less competitive than the EU.

Abstract Introduction Persistent nasal carriage has been associated with Staphylococcus aureus infection. Previous S. aureus studies in Asia have primarily focused on clinical patients, providing limited information on persistent nasal carriage among the general adult population. Methods This study examined 143 healthy adults in a community in Jiangsu, China. Nasal swab samples were collected 10 times. The colonization status was identified using SPA typing. We also determined antimicrobial susceptibility, genotype, and genomic characteristics of S. aureus. Results The prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage among the community individuals was on average 16.78%. The carriage rates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus and multidrug-resistant S. aureus were 6.29% and 7.69%, respectively. We identified 8.39% persistent carriers, 39.16% intermittent carriers, and 52.45% noncarriers. Furthermore, family members displayed concordance in terms of genotype and genomic characteristics. Conclusion Persistent nasal sampling captured intermittent carriers that were missed during short-term sampling, thus highlighting the necessity for regular community testing. SPA typing can serve as a rapid method for determining S. aureus colonization. The potential for intrafamilial transmission of S. aureus is evident, with persistent carriers being the most probable source of infection.

The worldwide top management regarding the wine’s production is described by the next countries: Italy, France, Spain and the United States which achieve more than half global wine production. The oenology represents the science which focuses the technological flow concerning the wine’s production and the analysis of the recipes’s portofolio for the wine conservation at the optimum parameters. This original research has as itinerary the discovery of the shape for the trend regarding the universal wine quantities, respectively the identifications of the statistical patterns concerning the wine quantities achieved by Italy and France, for to make possible the predictions of the wine’s productions in these countries.

Recreational water activities are widely recognized to have a positive impact on our physical and mental well-being. However, recreational water sources and their management are also a risk factor for human health due to different agents, including the overgrowth of cyanobacteria and algae. The presence of cyanobacteria and algae in recreational waters represents a One Health threat because of their potential release and the overuse of biocides. These organisms have the potential to metabolize organic matter and produce thermophilic and thermotolerant toxins. Moreover, different species of algae are involved in biofilm formation processes, thus impacting water quality and safety and also posing risks to the environment and animal and human health. Different species of algae participate in biofilm formation and have an impact on managing water and equipment maintenance. By searching literature databases, e.g., PubMed, we reviewed the state of the art, providing basic definitions, taxonomy, and epidemiological or medical issues related to the recreational uses of water. Methods of treatments and monitoring were summarized, considering both traditional and innovative strategies. Public health and surveillance approaches focus on the detection of toxins, the formation of biofilms, and the understanding of the benthonic and planktonic components as part of the larger microbial biodiversity. The review process allowed us to acknowledge that this is the first comprehensive overview of algae in recreational waters carried out within a wider One Health outlook. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Natura 2000 network of protected areas is the backbone of species conservation in the European Union. We investigated whether Austrian-hatched white-tailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) make particular use of this multinational network during their natal dispersal, and what habitats were of importance to the eagles. We analyzed the utilization distribution of 907,466 GPS locations from 38 dispersing white-tailed eagles using a dynamic Brownian Bridge Movement Model. Eagles ranged over a huge area of central-eastern Europe. Natura 2000 sites overlapped with 67% of the resulting 50% isopleth; i.e., a high probability of utilization of Natura 2000 areas by white-tailed eagles was found. White-tailed eagles used wetlands, waterbodies, and deciduous forests adjacent to wet habitats disproportionately often. Coniferous forests and settlements were avoided. Anthropogenically caused mortalities hardly occurred within Natura 2000 sites. Our study suggests that the Natura 2000 network is a crucial tool for conserving the white-tailed eagle. This top predator is an ambassador for the Natura 2000 idea during all life stages, and should continue to be a conservation priority of the network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The present study is intended to evaluate the factors influencing the diagnostic and rheumatology care referral delay in patients with spondyloarthropathy (SpA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in India. Materials and methods: The independent prospective, multicentre, observational study collected data from 8 centres across India through the database created by the Indian Rheumatology Association (IRA). Modified Prasad scale was used for socio-economic classification based on the patient's income. The data of PsA and SpA were analysed separately, and the causes were compared using t -test for continuous variables and chi-square and Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables. Results: The mean referral delay noted for PsA and SpA subjects were 16.3±34.35 and 17.48±33.59 (IQR 24 and 34) months, respectively. Majority of the PsA patients and about 65% of SpA subjects reported a lack of awareness of the rheumatology specialty as the major reason for the delay. Another major reason was management by other specialists instead of rheumatologists (65% and 74% respectively). Approximately 8% of patients in both disease groups had no faith in modern care due to perceived elevated risk of adverse effects. SpA patients with improved socio-economic status had a higher proportion of subjects seeking specialty care. A direct association was noted between professional skill and early access to specialty care for both PsA and SpA patients. Conclusion: The lack of awareness of rheumatology as a specialty and patients being managed by other specialties are the two major reasons for delayed referral of SpA and PsA. Additionally, a patient's economic and skill level can influence their ability to access specialty care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrating modern and innovative technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine Learning (ML) presents new opportunities in healthcare, especially in medical spa therapies. Once considered palliative, these therapies conducted using mineral/thermal water are now recognized as a targeted and specific therapeutic modality. The peculiarity of these treatments lies in their simplicity of administration, which allows for prolonged treatments, often lasting weeks, with progressive and controlled therapeutic effects. Thanks to new technologies, it will be possible to continuously monitor the patient, both on-site and remotely, increasing the effectiveness of the treatment. In this context, wearable devices, such as smartwatches, facilitate non-invasive monitoring of vital signs by collecting precise data on several key parameters, such as heart rate or blood oxygenation level, and providing a perspective of detailed treatment progress. The constant acquisition of data thanks to the IoT, combined with the advanced analytics of ML technologies, allows for data collection and precise analysis, allowing real-time monitoring and personalized treatment adaptation. This article introduces an IoT-based framework integrated with ML techniques to monitor spa treatments, providing tailored customer management and more effective results. A preliminary experimentation phase was designed and implemented to evaluate the system's performance through evaluation questionnaires. Encouraging preliminary results have shown that the innovative approach can enhance and highlight the therapeutic value of spa therapies and their significant contribution to personalized healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing emergence of Staphylococcus aureus as the primary causative agent of otitis externa has been noted; however, detailed information regarding the molecular characteristics of these strains in Iran remains scarce. The current study aims to investigate both genotypic and phenotypic attributes of S. aureus strains implicated in ear infections. In the present work, we analyzed 60 S. aureus strains isolated from cases of otitis externa over a period of 45 months. The resistance patterns were determined using disk diffusion and microbroth dilution methods. All S. aureus isolates were confirmed by the nucA polymerase chain reaction assay, and their biofilm production was assessed by a microtiter plate assay. Molecular characterization of the isolates was performed using the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec, multilocus sequence typing, and staphylococcus protein A typing methods. Overall, the results indicated that 44 out of 60 S. aureus isolates (73.3 %) were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Resistance to mupirocin and vancomycin was observed in 13.3 % and 1.7 % of the tested isolates, respectively. Furthermore, out of the 60 S. aureus isolates, 56 strains (93.4 %) were classified as positive biofilm strains at different levels. Twelve distinct clonal lineages were identified. The vast majority of S. aureus isolates belonged to CC30/ST30-MRSA IV/t019 (41.7 %). Among the 31 strong biofilm producers, the majority (64.5 %) belonged to CC30/ST30-MRSA IV/t019 clone. Biofilm negative isolates belonged to CC22/ST22 (2 isolates), CC8/ST585 (one isolate), and CC8/ST8 (one isolate). Our result revealed that about three-quarters of PVL-positive strains belonged to CC30/ST30. Our data confirmed the presence of MSSA strains among CC30/ST30 and CC22/ST22 isolates. The mupirocin resistant isolates (n = 8) belonged to CC8/ST585-MRSA III/t713 (37.5 %), CC8/ST239-MRSA III/t030 (25 %), CC8/ST8-MRSA IV/t008 (12.5 %), CC8/ST239-MRSA III/t037 (12.5 %), and CC22/ST22-MRSA IV/t790 (12.5 %) lineages. The VRSA strain belonged to the CC8/ST8-MRSA IV/t008 lineage, carrying the vanA determinant. iMLSB phenotypes (n = 14) were distributed across different lineages, including CC30/ST30-MRSA IV/t019 (21.5 %), CC30/ST30-MSSA/t021 (21.5 %), CC22/ST22-MSSA/t005 (14.3 %), CC8/ST239-MRSA III/t030 (14.3 %), CC22/ST22-MSSA/t1869 (7.1 %), CC22/ST22-MRSA IV/t790 (7.1 %), CC8/ST239-MRSA III/t037 (7.1 %), and CC1/ST772-MRSA IV/t10795 (7.1 %). These findings highlight significant genotypic diversity and high biofilm formation among our isolates. The frequent occurrence of the CC/ST30 clone in S. aureus strains isolated from otitis externa reflects the emergence of these lineages as a predominant clone in Iran, posing a significant public health concern.

This paper presents a Class-E/F3 switching power amplifier (SPA) with reduced second harmonic leakage using parallel resonant circuit in series for the second harmonics. The proposed Class-E/F3 SPA has a structure utilizing a series resonant circuit in shunt for the third harmonic, designed to function as a shunt capacitor for the fundamental, and an additional parallel resonant circuit for the second harmonic, designed to operate as a series inductor for the fundamental. Using the proposed scheme, a Class-E/F3 SPA was designed and implemented for 6.78 MHz, and was evaluated with various supply voltages. It exhibited output power levels ranging from 10.26 to 59.98 W (40.11 to 47.78 dBm) with supply voltages ranging from 10 to 24 V. The efficiency was maintained at over 89.25%. Additionally, it demonstrated very low second and third harmonic distortion levels, each not exceeding −49.98 dBc, while the total harmonic distortion (THD) ranged from 1.54% to 2.15%.

Citrus tangerines are famous fruits worldwide, and monitoring the water content of citrus leaves is highly important for citrus production. However, there are still challenges in quantitatively estimating the water content of citrus leaves using hyperspectral technology, and the random noise generated during spectral acquisition and the overlapping peaks in the sensitive band of the citrus leaf water content will affect estimation accuracy. To solve these problems and further explore the roles of the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and fractional-order derivative (FOD) in the estimation of citrus leaf water content, this study intends to use of CWT and FOD to decompose the original spectrum, and then compare the correlation between the original spectrum and leaf water content to explore whether the decomposition treatment has improved the correlation between spectrum and leaf moisture content. Then, the successive projections algorithm (SPA) was used to select feature bands and combine spectral vegetation indices. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used to construct water-content inversion models for citrus leaves, and the inversion accuracies of two commonly used spectral preprocessing methods were compared. The results indicate that (1) the CWT can improve the sensitivity of the spectrum to the citrus leaf water content to a certain extent, and the inversion accuracy of the CWT is approximately 5% greater than that of the FOD. (2) On the basis of the CWT and FOD methods, the inversion accuracy of the citrus leaf water content based on SPA screening increased by 9.61% and 9.29%, respectively, compared with the original spectrum. (3) Under CWT decomposition, Scale4 of the Gaus1 wavelet was screened by the SPA, and the inversion model of citrus leaf water content was constructed by combining the spectral vegetation index NDVI with the best results. The R-squared ( R 2 ) and root mean square error (RMSE) values were 0.7491 and 0.0284, respectively, which were both 0.0138 greater than those of the best inversion model for the FOD R 2 . In conclusion, the CWT-SPA combined with the spectral vegetation index can improve the sensitivity of the spectrum to the citrus leaf water content, eliminate a large amount of redundant data, and enhance the prediction ability and stability of the citrus leaf water content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major concern in Jordanian hospitals in terms of infection control. The purpose of this study was to identify the resistance patterns of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from surfaces of critical locations within the Al-Karak Governmental Hospital in 2019. Additionally, the study aimed to conduct whole-genome sequencing on the isolates. Materials and Methods: In February 2019, fourteen S. aureus strains were isolated from surfaces in critical sites in the Al-Karak Governmental Hospital. These isolates underwent antibiogram testing to determine their resistance profile. Genome sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq platform was applied to the extracted DNA from these isolates. The genomic data, including coding sequences, were analyzed to identify lineage, resistance genes, and plasmids. Results: The antibiogram results revealed that 11 of the 14 isolates were resistant to oxacillin, 6 to linezolid, and 1 to rifampicin, while none showed resistance to chloramphenicol. Eleven isolates were identified as MRSA, with a novel spa type (t4407) not previously reported in Jordan. High-quality sequencing data were obtained for only one isolate, i.e., A29, the genome showed 2,789,641 bp with a 32.7% GC content and contained 2650 coding sequences. Genomic analysis indicated the ST6 lineage, mecA gene (SCCmec type IVa(2B)), and a hybrid plasmid (pJOR_blaZ) carrying the blaZ gene for β-lactam resistance. Genomic data were deposited in NCBI (CP104989). The A29 genome closely resembled an MRSA genome isolated from a Danish hospital in 2011. The SNP analysis revealed identical antimicrobial resistance genes in these two genomes. Conclusions: This study unveils the first genomic sequence of an MRSA isolate from Jordan, marked by distinctive genotypic traits. The findings enhance our understanding of the MRSA types circulating in Jordan and the region and substantiate the phenomenon of intercontinental MRSA transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cotton is an economically valuable crop worldwide, and accurate and rapid leaf moisture content, nitrogen content, and soil plant analysis development (SPAD) value estimations are crucial for cotton growth. In this study, high-resolution spectral data were collected for the Tahe 2 cotton variety in Alar City, Xinjiang. The raw spectra were preprocessed using four methods: first derivative, standard normal variate transformation, second derivative, and multiplicative scatter correction. Wavelet coefficients at multiple scales were generated from the raw spectra using a continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and CWT with first derivative (CWT-FD). A quantitative detection model combining CWT and CWT-FD with successive projection algorithm – partial least squares (SPA-PLS) was developed to estimate the leaf moisture content, nitrogen content, and SPAD values. The performances of the different scales and methods for estimating these parameters were compared. Six stratification methods were employed to determine the optimal modelling results and decomposition scales for the parameters under various stratification schemes. The results demonstrated that the CWT and CWT-FD methods significantly improved the accuracy of estimating cotton canopy spectral characteristics related to the parameters, surpassing that of conventional spectral processing methods. The mexh, db5, and db5 wavelet basis functions, along with scale 3, were identified as the optimal modelling choices for moisture content, nitrogen content, and SPAD values throughout the cotton plant growth period. Among the six vertical stratification structures of cotton, the CWT and CWT-FD methods, along with the three wavelet basis functions, achieved the best results for the three parameters in the upper layer. The optimal relative percent deviation values for the three parameters of typical leaves ranged from 1.603 to 2.016, indicating satisfactory modelling performance. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for accurately estimating leaf moisture content, nitrogen content, and SPAD values using spectral technology, enabling the simultaneous extraction and monitoring of multiple physiological indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this manuscript, we develop TOPSIS (Technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution) method in the setting of bipolar fuzzy environment which has the ability to deal the data while keeping in view the positive and negative aspects. By using bipolar fuzzy sets, we establish the novel concept of rating the numerous preferences of any object described through the connection number(CN) of set pair analysis(SPA). In this regard, we extend the TOPSIS method based on the connection number(CN) of set pair analysis(SPA) in the frame of bipolar fuzzy sets. For the sake of verification, effectiveness and superiority of our method, we conduct the comparative study of some real life problem related to decision making theory. Moreover, we observe that our proposed method also fulfills the existing test criterions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: On September 23, 2019, the North Carolina Division of Public Health identified a legionellosis increase in western North Carolina; most patients had recently attended the North Carolina Mountain State Fair. We conducted a source investigation. Methods: Cases were fair attendees with laboratory-confirmed legionellosis and symptom onset within 2 to 14 days (Legionnaires' disease) or ≤3 days (Pontiac fever). We conducted a case-control study matching cases to non-ill fair attendees as control participants and an environmental investigation, and we performed laboratory testing (Legionella bacteria culture and polymerase chain reaction) of 27 environmental samples from fairgrounds and hot tubs and 14 specimens from case patients. We used multivariable unconditional logistic regression models to calculate adjusted odds ratios for potential Legionella exposure sources and risk factors. Results: Of 136 people identified with fair-associated legionellosis, 98 (72%) were hospitalized and 4 (3%) died. Case patients were more likely than control participants to report walking by hot tub displays (adjusted odds ratio = 10.0; 95% CI, 4.2-24.1). Complete hot tub water treatment records were not kept, precluding evaluation of water maintenance conducted on display hot tubs. Legionella pneumophila sequence types (STs) were consistent among 10 typed clinical specimens (ST224) but distinct from the only positive environmental sample from the fair (ST7 and ST8). Conclusions: Hot tub displays were identified as the most likely outbreak source, making this the largest hot tub–associated Legionnaires' disease outbreak worldwide. Following the investigation, the North Carolina Division of Public Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released guidance on mitigating risk of Legionella exposure from hot tub displays. Results highlight the importance of properly maintaining equipment that aerosolizes water, including hot tubs intended for display purposes only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single page applications (SPAs) are web applications that offer a fast and responsive user experience, but also pose some challenges in terms of navigation process management and platform compatibility. In this paper, we propose a DSL-based approach for code generation and management of SPA navigation process, based on the visual vocabulary proposed by Garrett. We use a Domain-Specific Language (DSL) to describe the elements of the SPA, such as pages, connectors, and transitions, in a concise and abstract way. We also propose a metamodel for Garrett vocabulary, which defines the concepts and relationships of the DSL. Then, we apply a Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) technique to transform the DSL specification into a platform-specific project architecture and basic code for an SPA. We present a case study of using our DSL to generate an Angular SPA and evaluate the benefits of our approach in terms of productivity, maintainability, and reusability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research question: The objective of this paper is to examine the level of the development of spa tourism with a special review of the wellness tourist offer of the Republic of Serbia, and also which factors of this tourist offer we should pay special attention to and improve, to achieve the highest level of tourist loyalty. Motivation: The tourism potential of the Republic of Serbia has not been sufficiently researched and that served as a basic motivational factor. Idea: Considering the tourist potential that Serbia has and partly the work of Han et al., (2017), the fact that spa tourism is the fastest-growing sector in the entire tourism industry, and that the wellness tourism offer is a very important segment of spa tourism, there is a need to identify factors that influence the visitors' loyalty formation for such tourist destinations. As the Republic of Serbia has a lot of wellness centres, it represents a very convenient location for conducting such research. Data: This research included 298 guests of wellness centres in Vrnjačka Banja: "Solaris", "Aleksandar", "Merkur", "Zepter", "Kralj", "Slatina" and "Iwa Wellness Centre". Data collection was performed during July and August 2019. Methods: The PLS-SEM method was used in this paper to test the defined research hypotheses. Factors that contribute to loyalty and revisit for the wellness and spa tourist destination were investigated, and they were measured by the appropriate number of questions: quality of wellness and spa tourism, the value of wellness and spa services, attraction of wellness and spa tourist destination and satisfaction with wellness and spa tourist destination. All attitudes were measured using a five-point Likert scale. Results: The quality and value of wellness and spa services positively impact the affection for wellness and spa tourist destination and satisfaction with wellness and spa tourist destination, while the attraction of wellness and spa tourist destination positively affects satisfaction with wellness and spa tourist destination and tendency to revisit by tourists. The existence of a positive influence of satisfaction with wellness and spa tourist destination and the desire to revisit the tourist loyalty formation was also shown. Contribution: Improving the quality, value, and effect with the Republic of Serbia as a wellness and spa tourist destination will increase the satisfaction of visitors and their desire to revisit this tourist destination, which will lead to greater loyalty in the future. This will increase the revenue generated from this type of tourism and accelerate local and regional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to determine the genetic relatedness between Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from pet animals and human. In that context, 561 swabs were collected from dogs (n=238) and cats (n=323). In addition, 30 MRSA positive isolates from Qasr Elainy hospital, from different patients were also included. The collected samples were subjected for bacteriological examination for isolation of S. aureus. The recovered S. aureus isolates that were resistant to oxacillin and cefoxitin were tested for the presence of mecA, mecC, spa, and nuc genes by PCR, followed by a sequence analysis of the mecA gene in seven selected isolates. Out of 238 swab samples collected from dogs and 323 swab samples collected from cats, 13 (5.46%) and 8 (2.48%) isolates respectively were confirmed to be MRSA. In addition, the 30 human isolates were all categorized as MRSA. The mecA gene was successfully identified in all isolates from dogs, cats and human, while spa was harbored by 13, 4 and 30 isolates from dogs, cats and human respectively. Furthermore 13, 4 and 23 isolates from dogs, cats and human were positive for the nuc gene. mecC was not identified from all examined isolates. The phylogenetic analysis of the mecA gene sequence in seven selected MRSA isolates demonstrated a high degree of similarity among isolates originating from dogs, cats, and humans. This study confirms the zoonotic spread of S. aureus and suggests that dogs and cats are probably contributing to the spread of MRSA to human. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) methods have made meaningful contributions in a wide variety of scientific research fields. In structural biology, cryo-EM routinely elucidates molecular structure from isolated biological macromolecular complexes or in a cellular context by harnessing the high-resolution power of the electron in order to image samples in a frozen, hydrated environment. For structural chemistry, the cryo-EM method popularly known as microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED) has facilitated atomic structure generation of peptides and small molecules from their three-dimensional crystal forms. As cryo-EM has grown from an emerging technology, it has undergone modernization to enable multimodal transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques becoming more routine, reproducible, and accessible to accelerate research across multiple disciplines. We review recent advances in modern cryo-EM and assess how they are contributing to the future of the field with an eye to the past. [Display omitted] In this review, de la Cruz and Eng discuss major developments in single-particle analysis, electron tomography, and microcrystal electron diffraction to show how cryo-EM has matured to become an ever-improving technology for visualizing molecular structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study is to present selected issues related to health that are significant in the modern concept of wellness and spa. The World Health Organization has adopted the so-called positive definition of health, which encompasses it as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, rather than merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Wellness is one of the contemporary approaches to health related to quality of life and actions for health (aspiring towards wellness). On the other hand, spa is an idea of a holistic approach to health, where the harmony of mind and body is to be ensured through the use of relaxing, cosmetic, and biological renewal treatments, often involving water. Spa centers combine relaxation with the care for psychophysical health. The purpose of these centers is to improve health, well-being, and appearance. These aspects are extremely important in the holistic understanding of health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Ukraine, the problem of insufficient use of the state language remains relevant. Due to geopolitical changes, including russian aggression, the importance of the Ukrainian language for the country's self-identification has increased. This became the basis for the development of an online service for taking Ukrainian language courses. The web application is designed to improve the Ukrainian language proficiency of Ukrainian citizens by taking relevant courses with mandatory testing of the knowledge gained by completing test tasks. Each course is divided into sections. In each section, the user has the opportunity to watch a video and work through a reference summary. To build the application, a client-server architecture, using web technologies that do not require additional licensing, was chosen. The server side of the application is based on the Apache2 web server and the MySQL database management system. When designing the software application, the SPA architecture was used to provide the user with an experience similar to that of a desktop program. The client side is built according to modern standards for creating a Single-Page Application, meaning that all the necessary code is loaded along with the page or dynamically loaded as needed, usually in response to user actions. To implement the software product, a database consisting of 15 tables was designed. During the design process, it was decided to use the Laravel framework built using the PHP programming language to create a private API, i.e. the backend of the application. To implement the client side, the JavaScript programming language library React is used. At the moment, this is the most popular solution for SPA architecture. The developed application has passed both functional and non-functional testing.

The aim of the study is to present selected issues related to health that are significant in the modern concept of wellness and spa. The World Health Organization has adopted the so-called positive definition of health, which encompasses it as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, rather than merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Wellness is one of the contemporary approaches to health related to quality of life and actions for health (aspiring towards wellness). On the other hand, spa is an idea of a holistic approach to health, where the harmony of mind and body is to be ensured through the use of relaxing, cosmetic, and biological renewal treatments, often involving water. Spa centers combine relaxation with the care for psychophysical health. The purpose of these centers is to improve health, well-being, and appearance. These aspects are extremely important in the holistic understanding of health.

The eighteenth-century spa was an important heterotopic social space and functioned as a centre for the diffusion of the culture of sociability generally, as well as its own local variations and expressions. This took place both in the physical space of the spa, but also in the world of print through personal correspondence, a proliferating number of guidebooks, as well as a wide range of writing. These created a literary existence of the spa outside of its physical existence that contributed to the diffusion of spa culture and sociability from its centres into peripheral locations. In addition to guides, descriptions and journalistic reports, satires of the spa experience enjoyed considerable popularity. Perhaps the best known and studied of these is Astley's New Bath Guide, but less known works provided satirical commentary on the peculiar environment and practices of sociability in spaces located more on the periphery of the spa world. Through a close reading of two such works– Meine viertägigen Leiden im Bade zu Pyrmont [My Four-Day Sufferings in the Spa of Pyrmont] (first edition, 1809) by G.C. Sponagel, and Admonitory Epistles to Visitors to Ballston Spa, by Simeon Senex, Esquire (1808), a little known work from New York whose authorship remains disputed, but may have been written by Washington Irving – this article seeks to identify elements of commonality across different spa environments removed from what might be seen as the foundational tradition of Bath, as well as to seek out distinctive peculiarities that may be German in the case of Pyrmont, or colonial-peripheral in the case of Ballston Spa. It is hoped that in doing so, some insights might be drawn regarding the diffusion of spa culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia associated with high mortality. Adequate clinical treatment is impeded by increasing occurrence of antibiotic resistances. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of its virulence during infections is a prerequisite to finding alternative treatments. Here, we demonstrated that an increased nuclease activity of a S. aureus isolate from a person with cystic fibrosis confers a growth advantage in a model of acute lung infection compared to the isogenic strain with low nuclease activity. Comparing these CF-isolates with a common MRSA-USA300 strain with similarly high nuclease activity but significantly elevated levels of Staphylococcal Protein A (SpA) revealed that infection with USA300 resulted in a significantly increased bacterial burden in a model of murine lung infection. Replenishment with the cell wall-bound SpA of S. aureus, which can also be secreted into the environment and binds to tumor necrosis factor receptor -1 (TNFR-1) to the CF-isolates abrogated these differences. In vitro experiments confirmed significant differences in spa-expression between USA300 compared to CF-isolates, thereby influencing TNFR-1 shedding, Lselectin shedding, and production of reactive oxygen species through activation of ADAM17. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health and wellness tourism is currently an emerging tourist product in the Portuguese context, as it incorporates a great potential to adapt to the challenges that the present time imposes. Given the emergence of new strategies aimed at more sustainable tourism and community development, Serra da Estrela, a Portuguese mountain region classified as a UNESCO Global Geopark since 2020, has been the subject of studies about its tourism potential. Such studies aim to deconstruct the general perception, which prevailed for decades, of a tourist landscape closely related to snow as the main resource. At the same time, as Serra da Estrela represents a rural region in the interior of the national territory, it benefited from its attractiveness during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this sense, this research aims to study the importance that health and wellness tourism can have for the Estrela UNESCO Global Geopark in its impact on the regional economy. To this end, based on the study case, we analyze the thermal frequency in the resorts of the territory and indicators relating to tourist resorts with a spa component that exist in the region: accommodation capacity, the number of jobs, the number of overnight stays and the difference between TRevPAR and RevPAR. This research allows us to conclude that the thermal frequency has adapted to the challenges imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the analyzed tourist resorts show resilience in the face of external demand shocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the effectiveness of resistance exercise and diabetic foot spa interventions on fasting blood sugar levels and peripheral neuropathy in individuals with Type II Diabetes Mellitus. The study found that these interventions were effective in reducing fasting blood sugar levels and improving sensory neuropathy. However, they did not have a significant impact on motor neuropathy or foot deformity. The study suggests that longer durations of these interventions may be needed to see changes in foot deformity. Overall, the interventions showed promise in improving certain aspects of diabetes management. [Extracted from the article]

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Natural products (water, plants, and minerals) have been studied for diverse applications in health and disease. Since there has been a growing interest in the introduction of thermal water as a clinical complementary approach in the treatment of low-grade inflammation and stress-related conditions, this review focuses on the oldest spa in the world: Nitrodi's spring. Substantial studies in the 1960s showed that both the internal and external use of Nitrodi's water yielded several benefits in physiological processes and in treating certain disorders, mainly allergic and autoimmune inflammatory conditions. More recently, a novel interest in Nitrodi's water has prompted researchers to further explore the effects of this water and shed light on the molecular mechanisms sustaining its therapeutic efficacy. In different epithelial cell models, Nitrodi's water had strong promotional effects on proliferation, cell migration, cell viability, and fibroblast to myofibroblast transition, all of which essential for wound healing and tissue remodeling. Moreover, Nitrodi's water exhibited anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties through the inhibition of ROS production and protein S-nitrosylation. Here, we have collected the clinical and basic data on Nitrodi's water and reviewed articles that have discussed its use as a potential treatment for several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and age-related skin deterioration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increase in antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from ear infection is a serious public health problem. The objective of this investigation was to determine the antibacterial resistance profile and genetic variability of the S. aureus isolated from adult patients with otitis externa (OE) and otitis media (OM) infections, Tehran- Iran. The disk diffusion was employed to detect the susceptibility of 45 S. aureus strains. Biofilm production was evaluated by microtiter plate assay. Genetic diversity of the isolates was determined by staphylococcal cassette SCC mec , spa , and MLST techniques. Resistance to mupirocin and vancomycin were identified in 40 and 2.2% of isolates. Out of the 45 S. aureus isolates, 41 (91.2%) strains were considered as positive biofilm strains at different levels. According to our results, S. aureus isolated from OM (44.4%, 20/45) were including CC8/ST239-SCC mec III corresponded to spa types t860, t030, t037, t234, t421 (70%, 14/20) and CC/ST30-SCC mec IV corresponded to spa types t605 and t019 (30%, 6/20) while S. aureus isolated from OE (55.6%, 25/45) were including CC/ST30-SCC mec IV corresponded to spa types t605, t345 and t1130 (52%, 13/25), CC/ST22-SCC mec IV corresponded to spa type t790 (20%, 5/25), CC8/ST8-SCC mec IV corresponded to spa type t008 (16%, 4/25), and CC/ST45-SCC mec IV corresponded to spa types t004 and t038 (12%, 3/25). This study highlighted genetic variability and strong biofilm formation ability among our isolates revealing its crucial role in enhancing the resistance of this bacteria to drugs. Thus, it is necessary to continue the epidemiological analysis to improve the control of ear infections related to S. aureus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This empirical study incorporates social space and gender into consumer behaviour research to explore consumer identities and consumption practices within the UK spa marketplace. The paper contends that the relationship between gender, consumption and space is intertwined and reciprocal. Semi-structured interviews with ten men who visit spas reveal that spas influence the construction of men's consumer identities in multiple ways through empowerment, struggle and resistance that exist in the social spa space. The proposed theoretical framework reflects the dynamics between space, men's consumer identities and their consumption habits. The perceived, conceived and lived experiences that emerge through the data suggest that spas can transform into a gender-inclusive marketplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - There is a scarcity of research to provide an in-depth understanding of spa service outcomes. This research note aims to examine the characteristics of spa service outcomes from three sources of information. Design/methodology - The information from past studies, online reviews, and customer interviews is analysed through a content analysis method. Findings - First, service outcomes in the spa industry involve two attributes: physical and mental outcomes. Second, the assessment of customer satisfaction on spa services includes two elements: service satisfaction and outcome satisfaction. Third, spa service outcomes may be regarded as a distinct variable as the experiences of spa service outcomes may be depended on certain factors (e.g. skills of therapists and the understanding of customer needs), meanwhile, they also have subsequent influences on post-consumption behaviours. Originality - This is an initial study to fully examine the characteristics of spa service outcomes. The study has conceptualised spa service outcomes for future investigation to strengthen knowledge development in the field.

Background and Objective: Considering the significant number of injured people in spas, the main goal of this research is to provide a model for measuring and managing risk in spas. Materials and Methods: To prepare the conceptual model of risk, four steps were taken, which include determining the general outline of the model, identifying the parameters, evaluating and scoring the parameters based on the questionnaire, using the hierarchical analysis method, and evaluating and determining the final risk of the pools. According to the allowed standard range of each parameter, five ranges for each parameter were obtained based on the obtained weights, health, safety and environmental risk classes. Finally, by summing up these parameters, the final score of the risk of using each pool is obtained. In order to evaluate the presented model, the risk value of hot mineral water pools in Ardabil province was obtained with the innovative method of this research. Results: According to the results, according to the risk score, Gutursoi and Gamish-Goli spas have an unacceptable risk level, while Qainarjeh, Shabil, Barjelo and Sablan spas are at a high-risk level. Conclusion: The presented model was validated with the evidence of forensic events. According to the results of the conceptual model of risk and the score obtained for each component and sub-components, appropriate solutions were presented, including the need to modify the current standards in each spa.