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Magistritöö Majandusarvestuse ja finantsjuhtimise õppekaval Uue töötaja positiivne sisseelamise kogemuse ettevõttes paneb aluse kiirele ja meeldivale kohanemisele uue töötaja sotsiaalsetes ja tulemuslikkuse aspektides. Uue töötaja edukale karjäärile alguse andmiseks on oluline, et ettevõte kasutaks paindlikku sisseelamisprogrammi ja parandaks pidevalt sisseelamise protsessi. Uurimistöö autori eesmärk oli koostada ettevõttele Baltic Agro Machinery AS uue töötaja sisseelamisprogramm. Eesmärgi saavutamiseks analüüsiti erinevaid sisseelamisprogrammi ja selle osasid kajastavaid allikaid, koostati dokumendianalüüs ettevõtte enda ning emaettevõtte Danish Agro materjalide põhjal. Lisaks viidi läbi intervjuud ettevõtte erinevate osakondade juhtidega ning küsitlus uute töötajate seas. Töö teooria osas selgus, et sisseelamisprogramm on vajalik mitmete erinevate aspektide poolest nii töötaja kui tööandja huvides. Oluliste komponentidena toodi välja uue töötaja sotsialiseerimine, orienteerimine ning mentori määramine. Määratleti ka sisseelamise kui eduka karjääri aluse elemendid. Välja toodi sisseelamisprogrammi peamised ajaetapid ja nende tegevused. Analüüside tulemusena selgus, et sisseelamise perioodi võtmeisikuks on uue töötaja otsene juht, vaadeldava ettevõtte puhul ka personalijuht. Baltic Agro Machinery AS-i juhtide ja uute töötajate arvamused erinevatest sisseelamise protsessi osadest kattusid suuremal määral, programmi koostamisel peeti oluliseks uuele töötajale pühendatud aega, kolleegidega suhete loomist ning pidevat juhendamist. Töö tulemusena koostas autor kõikide analüüsitud osade alusel ettevõttele sisseelamisprogrammi ja lisadokumendid. Sisseelamisprogrammi rakendamise järel on võimalik sarnase uurimise kordamisel hinnata protsessi kvaliteedi paranemist. A positive new employee onboarding experience puts a foundation to a fast and pleasant adaption in both new employees’ social aspects and effectiveness. It is important to use a flexible onboarding program and improve it constantly to provide a good start to a new employees’ successful career. The aim of this master’s thesis was to compose an onboarding program for Baltic Agro Machinery AS. To achieve this goal, the author analyzed different literature on onboarding and its phases, compiled a document analysis on the organization and its parent company’s onboarding materials. In addition to that, the author interviewed heads of different departments and questioned new employees. In the theoretical part of the thesis, it turned out that an onboarding program is necessary for many different reasons both for the new employee and the organization. The necessary components of onboarding were presented, the main ones being socialization, orientation and mentor determination. Onboarding programs’ elements that are necessary for a successful career were itemized. The main stages of onboarding and their activities were brought out. As a result of the analysis it became clear that the key person in an onboarding process is the head of the new employee, in the observable organization it is also human resources manager. The opinions of Baltic Agro Machinery AS heads and new employees were overlapping in most areas, the time directed to a new employee, communicating with employees and continuous guiding were considered important. As a result of this thesis, the author composed an onboarding program and its additional documents. After putting the program to use, it is possible to recreate the study and evaluate on the improvement of the process quality.

https://www.ester.ee/record=b5451317

Magistritöö Majandusarvestuse ja finantsjuhtimise õppekaval Hooajateenuseid pakkuvad ettevõtted palkavad igal hooajal oma eesmärkide täitmiseks ajutist tööjõudu. Hästi toimiva töösuhte kujundamiseks on oluline mõista vastastikuseid ootuseid, et tagada nende täitmine. Magistritöö eesmärk on välja selgitada Kiviõli Seikluskeskust opereerivate ettevõtete hooajatöötajate hinnangud sotsialiseerumisele, psühholoogilises leppes sisalduvatele tajutud kohustustele ja leida seosed sotsialiseerumise, psühholoogilise leppe ning emotsionaalse pühendumise vahel. Empiirilise uuringu eesmärgi täitmiseks viidi läbi ankeetküsitlus Kiviõli Seikluskeskuse hooajatöötajate seas. Uuringu tulemustest selgus, et sotsialiseerumise tulemusel on töötajad mõistnud, millised on ettevõtte eesmärgid, kuidas ettevõte toimib ja mida neilt oodatakse. Tööandja poolt pakutav väljaõpe on olnud tulemuslik ja andnud töötajatele vajalikud teadmised ning oskused oma tööülesannete edukaks täitmiseks. Töötajad on üldiselt rahul ettevõttes pakutavate hüvedega ja sooviksid jätkata töösuhet ka järgnevatel hooaegadel. Kõige olulisemat roll sotsialiseerumisel omavad töökaaslastega suhtlemine ja nende toetus. Psühholoogilise leppe tööandja tajutud kohustuste hinnangutest selgus, et hooajatöötajate jaoks on oluline töö mitmekesisus ja vastavus nende teadmistele ning oskustele. Töötajad tähtsustavad kolleegide vahelisi positiivseid suhteid töökohal, juhtide ja kolleegide toetavat suhtumist, head koostööd tööandjaga, positiivse tööõhkkonna loomist ja uute inimestega tutvumist. Töötajad ootavad tööandjalt avatud suhtlemist ja õigeaegselt olulise informatsiooni edastamist. Karjääriarengu valdkonnas näevad hooajatöötajad tööandja kohustusena kõige enam võimalust arendada teadmisi ja oskusi ning tingimuste loomist edu saavutamiseks oma töövaldkonnas. Hooajatöötajad tunnevad, et nad on kohustatud järgima ettevõtte reegleid ja eeskirju, kaitsma ettevõtte mainet, tegema kolleegidega koostööd, pakkuma klientidele head teenust, abistama oma kolleege nende töös ja keskenduma tööl vaid tööasjadele. Uuringu tulemustest nähtus, et emotsionaalne pühendumine on positiivselt seotud sotsialiseerumise ja tööandja kohustuste täitmisega ning tööandja kohustust täitmine on positiivselt seotud sotsialiseerumisega. Magistritöö uuringu tulemused võimaldavad tööandjal paremini mõista hooajatöötajate ootusi, et tagada tulemusliku töösuhte kujunemine. Seasonal companies hire temporary employees each season to meet their goals. Understanding mutual expectations is important for developing a well-functioning employment relationship. The aim of this Master's thesis is to describe the assessments of seasonal employees of the companies operating Kiviõli Adventure Centre about socialization, the perceived obligations contained in the psychological contract and to find the possible associations between socialization, the psychological contract and emotional commitment. In order to fulfill the aim of the empirical study, a questionnaire survey was conducted among seasonal employees of Kiviõli Adventure Center. The results of the Master’s thesis showed that as a result of socialization, employees have understood the company's goals, how the company operates and what is expected of them. The training provided by the employer has been effective and has provided the employees with the necessary knowledge and skills to successfully perform their tasks. Employees are generally satisfied with the benefits offered by the company and would like to continue their employment in the following seasons. The most important role in socialization is communication with and support from co-workers. Assessments of the perceived obligations of the employer in the psychological contract revealed that diversity of work and compliance with their knowledge and skills are important for seasonal employees. Employees emphasize positive relationships between colleagues in the workplace, a supportive attitude from managers and colleagues, good cooperation with the employer, positive work atmosphere and meeting new people. Employees expect the employer to communicate openly and to provide important information in a timely manner. In the field of career development, seasonal workers consider creating conditions for success in their field of work and opportunitiesto develop knowledge and skills as employer’s obligations. Seasonal employees feel obliged to follow the company's rules and regulations, protect the company's reputation, work with colleagues, provide good service to customers, assist their colleagues in their work and focus only on work. The results also showed that emotional commitment is positively related to socialization and fulfillment of the employer's obligations included in the psychological contract, and fulfillment of the employer's obligation is positively related to socialization. The results of the Master's thesis enable the employer to better understand the expectations of seasonal employees in order to ensure the development of an effective employment relationship.

This article examines EU–Russian relations in the Baltic Sea region (BSR) utilizing the concepts of counter-hegemonic socialization and soft power. The implications of the Ukrainian crisis for regional cooperation in the BSR are also taken into account. The compatibility of EU and Russian regional strategies are considered, as well as how these can often be mutually unaware of one another, or even confrontational. It argues that BSR regional institutions on the one hand face multiple challenges but, on the other, assume a vital role in the promotion of EU–Russian dialogue, offering some potential of bridging the differences in regional strategy.

Emma Donoghue’s Room deals with the problems associated with children’s identity and development, as well as considerable life changes after living in captivity. The aim of this research is to find out how Jack, who has lived his entire life in a small shed, can cope in a new society larger than the one he has ever known and how his behaviour changes due to potential trauma. Jack has always imagined life outside of Room but only seen it through television and even then he never believed it had been real. The thesis is divided into four parts: an introduction, a literature review, an empirical study and a conclusion. The introduction of the study consists of a comparison of the novel and the contemporary works alike, as well as the peculiarities of Jack, the main protagonist of Room. The aim of the literature review is to give an overview of the studies written prior to this, with an emphasis on the trauma theoretical approach to the novel and contemporary literature. Additionally, a short overview of the subcategories of identity will be given, which will be discussed in detail in this thesis. The empirical part of the thesis is divided into two subchapters. The first subchapter of the empirical study will present the phases of development in the narrator of the story while living in captivity and preparations for an escape. The second subchapter will mainly focus on life after the escape and hardships that can occur in the newly found social life. Whether or not the protagonist will have immediate trauma after escape will be discussed, as well as whether there is potential for it to develop in later life. The conclusion will summarize the main findings of the study., https://www.ester.ee/record=b5375600*est

https://www.ester.ee/record=b5239830*est

http://www.ester.ee/record=b5143211*est

Uurimistöö eesmärk oli anda ülevaade maalaste majanduslikust sotsialiseerumisest selle kahes aspektis: osalemisest pere rahaasjades ning majandusliku toimimise kogemustest laste endi perspektiivist lähtudes. 1. Laste majanduslik sotsialiseerumine perekonnas toimub läbi erinevate tegevuste: rahast ja säästudest rääkimine, osalemine suuremate ostude kavandamisel, multifilmid toetavad samuti perekonnas sotsialiseerumist. 2. Lapsed on ise aktiivsed majanduslikud toimijad. - Neil on oma raha, mida saavad erinevatel viisidel (kingina sünnipäevadel, töötegemise eest). - Nad tunnevad vastutust rahakasutamise eest. - Lastel on enda strateegiad oma rahaga ümberkäimisel. - Lastel on enda sotsiaalne võrgustik, kes aitab rahateenimise eesmärgil tööd leida. Kokkuvõtteks, uuringus osalenud lastel olid omad kogemused ja arvamused rahast. Ilmnesid kindlad märgid sellest, et nad on aktiivsed majanduslikud toimijad ja perekond on hea koht majanduslikuks sotsialiseerumiseks. Nad teavad rääkida perekonna rahaasjadesse kaasamisest ja oskavad rahaga ümber käia. Laste jutus peegeldusid vanemate hoiakud rahasse ning kodu olulisus., https://www.ester.ee/record=b5151626*est

http://www.ester.ee/record=b4682906*est

http://www.ester.ee/record=b4743041*est

http://www.ester.ee/record=b4692849*est

http://www.ester.ee/record=b4580160*est

http://www.ester.ee/record=b4702172*est

http://www.ester.ee/record=b4486583*est

http://www.ester.ee/record=b4498472*est

http://www.ester.ee/record=b4498660*est

http://www.ester.ee/record=b4422515~S1*est

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b2654387~S1

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b2658849~S1*est

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b2654376~S1

Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone., Igaühel meist on oma lugu. See lugu ei ole alati täpselt ühesugune, vaid sõltub sellest, kellele me seda räägime ja miks. Samuti võime uutest kogemustest tulenevalt oma minevikule hakata hoopis teise pilguga vaatama. Oma lugu rääkides tugineme autobiograafilistele mälestustele. Autobiograafiliste mälestuste kujunemisel lapseeas on mitmetel asjaoludel väga tähtis roll: oluline on piisav keeleoskus, ajamõiste tajumine, teatavad kognitiivsed oskused ning meenutusvestlused täiskasvanutega. Vestlused, mille käigus meenutatakse minevikusündmusi, aitavad lapsel paigutada neid samu sündmusi ajas ja ruumis; mõista nende olulisust ning tõlgendada kogemust enda jaoks. Meenutusvestlusi uurides on leitud, et need on sageli kultuuriti erinevad ning neid erinevusi nii vestluste sisus kui ka vormis seletatakse minapildiga seonduvate hoiakutega seotuse ning sõltumatuse suhtes. Läänemaailmas, kus väärtustatakse eelkõige sõltumatust, räägitakse lapsega palju ja detailselt ning keskendutakse lapse individuaalsele kogemusele. Sellest tulenevalt on ka täiskasvanuea mälestused põhjalikumad, pärinevad varasemast east ning neid on rohkem. Erinevalt Läänemaailmast väärtustatakse näiteks Aasia riikides eelkõige seotust ja minevikusündmustest räägitakse põgusamalt. Samuti keskendutakse pigem sotsiaalse sisuga kogemustele ning inimeste mälestused on hilisemad ja üldisemad. Antud doktoritöö keskendub ema-lapse meenutusvestlustele kolmes Euroopa pealinnas – Berliinis, Tallinnas ja Stockholmis – ja Kamerunis, Aafrikas. Üldiselt võib öelda, et ema-lapse meenutusvestlused Euroopas ja Kamerunis erinevad oodatud viisil: nt. räägivad nii Kameruni emad kui ka lapsed vähem ning keskenduvad erinevatele aspektidele võrreldes Euroopa emadega. Neid erinevusi saab seletada erineva rõhuasetusega minapildis. Samas, nii vestluste sisu kui ka vorm (kui palju lastega räägitakse ning kuidas) erineb Euroopa kontekste võrreldes. See viitab asjaolule, et lisaks minapildiga seotud väärtustele on oluline arvestada erinevate riikide ajaloolist tausta, kombeid ja hoiakuid, mis puudutavad suhtlemist ning tavapäraseid suhtlemisharjumisi. Kõigest sellest sõltub, kuidas me ennast näeme, millise loo endast loome ning kuidas seda teistele räägime., Everyone of us has a story to tell. Yet, the story is never exactly the same, but depends on whom we are telling it to and why. We can also gain new perspectives of our past due to new experience. Our story is always based on autobiographical memories. The appearance of autobiographical memories in early childhood depends on many aspects: language development, time perspective development, cognitive abilities, and reminiscing conversations with grown-ups all play a role. Conversations about past events help children place these events in time and space, conceive their importance and interpret the experience for one’s self. Studies of reminiscing conversations have shown that these interactions vary in different cultural contexts. Differences in the content and structure of the conversations have been attributed to the prominence of either independence- or interdependence-orientation in one’s self-construal. In the Western world where independence is valued highly, past-event conversations with children are elaborated, rich in detail, and concentrate on children’s individual experience. Also, memories in adulthood are more abundant, detailed, and from an earlier age. In contrast, in Asian contexts where interdependence is valued past event reminiscing conversation are shorter, and have a more social focus. Also, people’s memories in adulthood are more general and of a later age. The dissertation focuses on mother-child reminiscing conversations in three European capitals- Berlin, Tallinn, and Stockholm – and Cameroon, Africa. In general, it can be said that reminiscing conversations in Europe and Cameroon differ in the expected way: e.g. Cameroon mothers and children provide less information and concentrate on different aspects as compared to European mothers. These differences can be explained by the different orientation of the self-construal. At the same time, there is variance among the European contexts in the structure and content of reminiscing conversations. Therefore, also the historical background of the countries, traditions, attitudes towards interaction, and common interactional patterns should be considered in addition to the dimensions of the self-construal. All these aspects influence the story we construct about ourselves and how we tell it.

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b2610753~S1*est

Sisekaitseakadeemia e-väljaanne, http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b2527669~S1*est

Children’s and parents’ representations of pocket money: comparison of cities and village. The thesis studies Estonia as a consumption and information oriented society. This might seem to be a novel approach, but consumerism studies are increasingly conducted in Estonia (Keller and Kalmus 2004, Jaaska 2006, Järve 2008, Uibu 2009). The thesis aims to describe children’s and parents’ attitudes, beliefs and approaches to children’s allowance, identify the main principles of giving an allowance, and investigate how children spend the money. These questions are connected to the broader issues of children’s competence and habits as consumers, and the parent’s role in socialising children as consumers. The discussion of these issues is based on a comparison of cities and small towns which, in turn, is based on interviews with 12 families conducted in Tallinn and Tartu. Families included in the study had at least one 8–9-year-old child. The analysis also includes interviews with 9 families conducted in the small town of Väike-Maarja by Pajula (2008) during a bachelor’s project. The structure of the questions and the choice of interviewees was the same in both cases. The first part of the thesis serves as a frame for the work as a whole and presents theoretical approaches to the topic. Different approaches to consumer society and, additionally, to the impact of child rearing on children’s socialisation as consumers are discussed in more detail, as well as the relationship between such concepts as consumer culture and children. The coexistence of children and parents within the same consumer culture is discussed. The section concludes with an overview of allowance related studies in and outside of Estonia. The findings of the current study cannot be generalised to all children of that age and their parents in Estonian small towns and cities but some general tendencies do emerge. The study revealed that the location of small cities and towns is a significant factor. There is a clear division in people’s shopping habits into routine shopping (close to home and on a daily basis) and shopping done in cities (where children hope to get new things). However, if people live close to a shopping centre, the centre itself acquires two meanings. It becomes the place of routine shopping but, also, the place where families spend time together (they go out to eat or to shop and, at the same time, children can spend time in the play area). Next to location, time is also a relevant factor. In this case, one can distinguish between workdays and the weekends. In a small town, people usually do their routine shopping locally on workdays. However, at the weekends, they drive to a city to shop there and this becomes a special event. In cities, shopping centres are where routine shopping is done but at the weekends shopping centres fulfil a function related to entertainment. The interviews with parents living in Tallinn revealed that they do not allow their children to be alone in the city very much. The family usually goes to work or school together in the morning and comes home together as well. This means that children make most of their independent purchases from the school cafeteria. In contrast, parents in Tartu and in small towns are of the opinion that second graders are already independent individuals and, therefore, can have a certain amount of their own money and are allowed, now and then, to go to the store and buy something for themselves or for the family. The allowance system is indicative of the parents’ attitude towards children and their overall approach to child rearing. For example, there might be a system by which allowance is given on pedagogical basis (on a daily, weekly or monthly basis), or chaotically when the child asks for money. The study surprisingly revealed that all the participating children received an allowance. The only difference was in the basis of which the allowance was given. Most allowance systems were represented, including weekly and daily allowances next to money received on demand. Tartu families have a more pedagogical approach to money, they have an certain amount of money that a child receives over a certain period of time. Five out of six parents thought it best to give money (about 25–30 Estonian kroons) on a weekly basis. Tallinn families, however, have not generally established a specific allowance system. Instead, parents assume that children will ask for money when they need it. In Väike-Maarja, children ask their parents for money when they need it or when they want to buy something, there is no specific allowance as a rule. It was found that the parents’ income and approach to child rearing were significant factors in choosing the allowance system. Next to money received from parents, children’s allowance also includes money received as a gift. It is popular nowadays that children are given money. Interviews conducted in small towns show that it has become customary for children to give money as a gift to one another. They also expect their parents and relatives to give them money instead of gifts. Families in Tartu and Tallinn also noted that giving gift certificates is more and more common., http://www.ester.ee/record=b4037337*est

From socialising to consumer: supermarket and preschooler There are many approaches to looking at children in today‟s consumer society. From one side, the representatives of liberals see children as independent and empowered consumers. From another side, the protectionists are feeling the need to protect children form consumer-society‟s influences. Children themselves are participating in the consumerism first and foremost by going along with their parents. Parents are also the main agents for children‟s social behaviour, whose role model, behaviour, teachings and support impacts in addition to the general development also the child‟s development as a consumer. Several academics consider the pre-school age an important part in child‟s development of primary consumer skills (Tilston et al 1991). The key purpose of this thesis is to map the consumer habits of preschoolers. The work aims at identifying of what is the preschoolers take on (1) the operation of shops, (2) shopping trips and (3) behaviour in the store. In order to provide a comprehensive view, the parent‟s view of preschoolers as consumers has also been looked at here. In order to analyse the subject – 4 focus groups and group-interviews have been conducted with 4 -7 year old children from Tallinn, 9 in-debt interviews with the parents of same children, and 9 non-intrusive observations in stores with the same families. Qualitative internal analysis, primarily horizontal however including some vertical analysis, has been conducted in order to analyse the results of interviews and observations. The results of the investigation show that preschool children are familiar with the operation of the shop and related shopping procedures primarily due to going along with their parents and form the teachings of their parents. They associate a shop mostly with food and call it a place for buying or selling food. Preschoolers are also aware of an appropriate behaviour in a shop and know that material or social sanctions may follow an inappropriate behaviour. In the second interest area of shopping trips the following topics have been researched: what is the interest of preschoolers, and with whom, on which conditions, and where would they go? Research indicates that preschoolers are very interested in shopping. The key reasons for shopping are a desire for new things as described in their own words (representing material interest), and interest in spending time with their parents as represented with their behaviour (representing social interest). Parents are considering two aspects when considering bringing children along to shopping: first the limitation of time they would like to spend on shopping, as an activity of daily routine. Second, parents feel the social and protectionist aspect, according to which children need teachings and protection from the unpleasant. Visits to the shops could be distinguished based on the attitude and opportunities of the parents as follows: (1) daily shopping trips with children that are primarily related to the infrastructure of Tallinn and its influences on family lifestyle, (2) daily shopping trips without children as a preferred option for parents in order to spare time as well as children from the experience, and (3) weekend shopping, which is seen as an opportunity to teach children about shopping behaviour in addition to satisfying the needs and hedonistic desires. It was found that when on a way to shopping with children and children have voiced the desire to select a shop based on the existence of toys in it then parents will prefer to select a store that is on a way to home or in a proximity of home, in order to speed the process. In analysing the process of shopping, four types of preschoolers‟ shopping behaviours could be identified: (1) an active purchaser, who participated in the thought process with parents throughout the whole trip; (2) a co-walker, who would rather stay close to parents than participate in the shopping process; (3) a curious wonderer, who was interested in independent research and product selection; and (4) an independent purchaser, who was ready to make sensible product selections independently. The last group consists, usually, however children of school-age. 87 In product selection preschoolers prefer the familiar and tested products. The preferred categories of products are toys, juices and soft drinks, sweets, magazines and dairy products. From food products children prefer primarily sweet products, which in turn is causing stress in parents, who would rather prefer to buy healthy goods. Despite the receptiveness of preschoolers to advertising and other marketing strategies - brand awareness was identified only for „Limpa‟ soft drink and „Actimel‟s‟ drinking yoghurt, which were both supported by captivating campaigns at the time of the research. During the research and analysis of the parent - child interaction in the shopping environment it was found that there is a strong correlation between children‟s expression of their wishes, parent‟s subsequent response and in the following reaction from children, in addition to the parents‟ teachings, explanations and discussions about the product selection. The best tactic for granted children‟s wishes was the independent „filling of the trolley‟ by the child. A range of other emotionally expressive tactics came to play by children, had parents refused to grant the child‟s wish. These tactics ranged form creative offers for compromise to „screaming out loud‟. Despite the potential tensions that could result form shopping with children, it proved to be not a significant concern for parents, who considered the „screaming scenes‟ to be a passing phase in child‟s development. The study concludes that the key socialization agents in child‟s education and consumer behaviour development are the parents, who can best educate and raise children towards developing the skills for this everyday routine by shopping together with their children., http://www.ester.ee/record=b4037346*est

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b2506783~S6*est

https://www.ester.ee/record=b4300382*est

http://www.ester.ee/record=b1290354*est