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15 results on '"sorghum hybrid"'

1. Intake and digestibility of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor, L. Moench) silages with different tannin contents in sheep

Author

Alex de Matos Teixeira, Gabriel de Oliveira Ribeiro Junior, Frederico Osório Velasco, Wilson Gonçalves de Faria Júnior, Norberto Mario Rodriguez, José Avelino Santos Rodrigues, Tim McAllister, and Lúcio Carlos Gonçalves

Subjects
forage preservation, nitrogen balance, nutritional value, ram, sorghum hybrid, Animal culture, SF1-1100
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the voluntary intake and digestibility of three sorghum (Sorghum bicolor, L. Moench) hybrid silages in sheep. The hybrids used were H1 -BRS 655 (CMSXS 222 A × CMSXS 235 R), with tannin; H2 -(ATF54 A × CMSXS 235 R), without tannin; and H3 -BRS 610 (CMSXS 232 A × CMSXS 234 R), without tannin. The intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and crude protein (CP) were measured. Eighteen crossbred sheep weighing 59.4 kg (±8.3) were used in the trial. A completely randomized design with three treatments (hybrids) and six repetitions (sheep) was used. There were no differences in the DM intake or apparent digestibility among the hybrids. Silage of hybrid BRS 610 displayed higher digestibility coefficients for CP, NDF, ADF, and GE compared with the other silages, which did not differ from each other. The neutral detergent fiber, ADF and digestible energy (DE) intakes were similar among the hybrids silages. All of the hybrids resulted in a positive N balance in sheep. The levels of DE were superior in hybrid silage BRS 610 in comparison with the other hybrids. Sorghum hybrid BRS 610 silage exhibited superior nutritional value compared with the other hybrids, which is most likely in part due to the absence of tannins. Sorghum silage made with hybrid BRS 610 (CMSXS 232 A × CMSXS 234 R) presents superior gross energy, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber digestibility coefficients, as well as greater digestible energy levels than BRS 655 (CMSXS 222 A × CMSXS 235 R) and (ATF54 A × CMSXS 235 R).

Published
2014

3. Yield and morpho-agronomical evaluation of food-grade white sorghum hybrids grown in Southern Italy.

Author

Pontieri, Paola, De Vita, Pasquale, Boffa, Antonio, Tuinstra, MitchellR., Bean, ScottR., Krishnamoorthy, Gabriel, Miller, Charles, Roemer, Earl, Alifano, Pietro, Pignone, Domenico, Massardo, DomenicaRita, and Giudice, LuigiDel

Subjects
*SORGHUM varieties, *CROP yields, *SORGHUM, *SORGHUM as food, *CELIAC disease, *AGRONOMY, *GLUTEN-free foods
Abstract

Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a gluten-free grain that is gaining attention as a food crop that can be used in the management of celiac disease. At present, sorghum is widely grown in many semiarid regions of the world. New food-grade sorghum cultivars are of particular interest in Mediterranean countries due to improved quality characteristics and gluten-free status of the grains. Until now very few studies have examined the grain yield (GYLD) and agronomic performance characteristics of food-grade sorghum hybrids in Italy. A 2 year study was conducted to evaluate the agronomic performance of eight food-grade sorghum hybrids representing different maturity classes in trials conducted in Southern Italy. The results showed wide variation in adaptation of these hybrids as measured by differences in GYLD (2.35–8.50 t ha−1) and other pheno-morphological characteristics. Of particular interest was the fact that many of the early-flowering hybrids (e.g. SP-X303) performed better than the later-flowering hybrids (e.g. ArchX-02). These results demonstrated that flowering time of hybrid and crop cycle length are important factors to consider in selecting cultivars for production in the Mediterranean region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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4. Nutritive value, methane production and energy efficiency for animal functions of dual purpose sorghum hybrids.

Author

Singh, Sultan, Gehrana, Deepika, and Shukla, G. P.

Abstract

The article discusses the development of a dual purpose sorghum to serve as both grain and fodder to livestock. It states that 18 advanced breeding selected lines and 8 male sterile lines were developed to twenty hybrids grown in three replicates in identical soil condition and agronomic practices. It offers information on the result of the study including palatability parameters, carbohydrate profile and total digestible nutriments, and methane production.

Published
2012
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5. Multilocational evaluation of biomass sorghum hybrids under two stand densities and variable water supply in Italy

Author

Habyarimana, E., Bonardi, P., Laureti, D., Di Bari, V., Cosentino, S., and Lorenzoni, C.

Subjects
*PLANT-water relationships, *PLANT biomass, *IRRIGATION, *ENERGY crops
Abstract

Sorghum, a C4 plant particularly resistant to drought and high temperatures, is highly competitive amongst biomass crops in dry areas where irrigation water supply is a limiting factor during crop development. This work was undertaken to assess the plant stand density response for the aboveground biomass production in sorghum hybrids under variable regimes of water supply in Italy. The results showed that water stress causes a decrease in dry matter yield to a level yet agronomically interesting. Total dry matter yield versus stand density relationship was dependent on water regime and sorghum genotype. High stand density (20 plants m-2) outyielded the low one (10 plants m-2) under humid conditions whilst the two population stands had statistically comparable biomass yields under water stressed environments. A dichotomous density response was noticed under humid conditions where one group of hybrids (H128, Abetone, ABF14, ABF20, and ABF306) displayed an increasing biomass production while the second one (H132, ABF18, ABF25, and ABF11) had a steady performance in spite of the increasing plant stand. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2004
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6. Measurement of biological antioxidant activity of seven food-grade sorghum hybrids grown in a Mediterranean environmen

Author

Pontieri, Paola, Del Giudice, Fabio, Dimitrov, Martin D., Pesheva, Margarita G., Venkov, Pencho V., Di Maro, Antimo, Pacifico, Severina, Gadgil, Priyadarshini, Herald, Thomas J., Tuinstra, Mitchell R., Pizzolante, Graziano, Romano, Roberta, Alifano, Pietro, Del Giudice, Luigi, Pontieri, Paola, Del Giudice, Fabio, Dimitrov, Martin D., Pesheva, Margarita G., Venkov, Pencho V., Di Maro, Antimo, Pacifico, Severina, Gadgil, Priyadarshini, Herald, Thomas J., Tuinstra, Mitchell R., Pizzolante, Graziano, Romano, Roberta, Alifano, Pietro, Del Giudice, Luigi, and DI MARO, Antimo

Subjects
sorghum hybrid, Mediterranean climate, Antioxidant, ABTS, DPPH, medicine.medical_treatment, sorghum hybrid, Ty1antiROS, DPPH, ABTS, Plant Science, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Botany, medicine, Food science, Hybrid, biology, Chemistry, Food grade, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Sorghum, biology.organism_classification, 040401 food science, Proanthocyanidin, Ty1antiROS, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

Sorghum is source of antioxidant compounds including phenolic acids, flavonoids and condensed tannins. In this study, we measured the antioxidant capacity of seven white food-grade sorghum hybrids grown in Southern Italy using the Ty1antiROS cell-based test and the chemical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. Samples were also analyzed for phenolic contents. Ty1antiROS test showed that all hybrids possessed antioxidant activity and were effective in scavenging the ABTSo+ target species but they exerted a weak DPPHo antiradical effect. Furthermore, all samples had similar values for total phenolic content. Statistical analyses showed a positive correlation between the ABTS and DPPH data (R = 0.61) and a weakly positive correlation between the ABTS and Ty1antiROS data (R= 0.38). The utilization of both biological and chemical tests for the antioxidant capacity evaluation make us able to select varieties of sorghum with high antioxidant potential useful to promote human health.

Published
2016

7. Mineral content in grains of seven food-grade sorghum hybrids grown under Mediterranean Environment

Author

Paola Pontieri, Jacopo Troisi, Raffaele Di Fiore, Antimo Di Maro, Scott R. Bean, Mitch R. Tuinstra, Earl Roemer, Antonio Boffa, Angelica Del Giudice, Graziano Pizzolante, Pietro Alifano, and Luigi Del Giudice.

Subjects
sorghum hybrid, food-grade sorghum, mineral, food and beverages, Mediterranean area
Abstract

Mineral nutrients play a fundamental role in the biochemical and physiological functions of biological systems. Cereals may especially be an important source of essential minerals in view of their large daily intake both for human health and nutrition. Sorghum, among the cereals, is a major crop being used for food, feed and industrial purposes worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine the mineral contents in grains of seven white food-grade sorghum hybrids, bred and adapted for growth in the central USA and grown in a Mediterranean area of Southern Italy. The seven hybrids were analyzed for grain ash and for minerals contents. Nutritionally, essential macro-, micro- and trace elements content were investigated. The analysis of essential elements was performed by mass spectrometry using a mix solution of internal isotopes standard. The results demonstrated that food-grade sorghum was characterized by high Mg, Fe and Zn content, high K:Na ratio and low Ca:P ratio, compared to other crops, due to the fact that the grain mineral contents of crop species are influenced by the effects of genotypes and environments. Significant variations in the essential elements content were found among the hybrids which allowed us to divide them into three distinct groups on the basis of their mineral profile by cluster analysis. These results are discussed with reference to the importance of minerals in human nutrition and suggest that, like wheat, it is possible to plan research programs for the improvement and selection of sorghum hybrids with high micronutrients content

Published
2014

8. Chemical composition of selected food-grade sorghum varieties grown under typical Mediterranean conditions

Author

Pontieri, P., Di Maro, A., Tamburino, R., Mario DE STEFANO, Tilley, M., Bean, S. R., Roemer, E., Vita, P., Alifano, P., Del Giudice, L., Massardo, D. R., Pontieri, P, DI MARO, Antimo, Tamburino, R, DE STEFANO, Mario, Tilley, M, Bean, S. R., Roemer, E, DE VITA, P, Alifano, P, DEL GIUDICE, L, and Massardo, D. R.

Subjects
Chemical composition, food and beverages, Amino acids, Sorghum pure line, Sorghum hybrid, Energy value, Amino acid
Abstract

Sorghum is a staple food grain in many semi-arid and tropical areas of the world, notably in Sub-Saharan Africa due to its good agronomic properties in harsh environments. At present, sorghum is widely found in the dry areas of Asia (India and China), the Americas and Australia. Due to its properties as a wheat-free food, interest is increasing in cultivating sorghum in Mediterranean countries. However, little is known about how the environment of Mediterranean countries would influence the chemical composition of sorghum. Thus, research has been conducted to compare the composition of selected food-grade white sorghum hybrids grown in Foggia (southern Italy) to hybrids grown in one of the primary sorghum growing regions of the US; Kansas. The sorghum grown in Italy were found to have a higher protein content than the sample grown in Kansas, though overall grain quality was comparable between the two regions. Immunosorbent assays (ELISA) showed for all sorghum flour samples analyzed, the absence of proteins that are toxic for celiac patients.

Published
2010

9. Chemical composition of selected food-grade sorghum varieties grown under typical Mediterranean conditions

Author

Pontieri P., Di Maro A., Tamburino R., Tilley M., Bean S. R., Roemer E., De Vita P., ALIFANO, Pietro, Del Giudice L., Massardo D. R., Pontieri, P., Di Maro, A., Tamburino, R., Tilley, M., Bean, S. R., Roemer, E., De Vita, P., Alifano, Pietro, Del Giudice, L., and Massardo, D. R.

Subjects
sorghum hybrid, sorghum pure line, gliadin, celiac disease, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench
Published
2010

14. Chemical composition and fatty acid content of white food sorghums grown in different environments

Author

Pontieri, Paola, Di Fiore, Raffaele, Troisi, Jacopo, Scott Bean, Roemer, Earl, Okot, Josephine, Alifano, Pietro, Pignone, Domenico, Del Giudice, Luigi, Massardo, Domenica Rita, Pontieri, P., Di Fiore, R., Troisi, J., Bean, S. R., Roemer, E., Okot, J., Alifano, Pietro, Pignone, D., Del Giudice, L., and Massardo, D. R.

Subjects
sorghum hybrid, sorghum pure line, gliadin, food and beverages, chemical composition, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, fatty acids, celiac disease, gliadins, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench
Abstract

The chemical composition and fatty acid content of both white sorghum hybrids and pure lines where grown in various areas of the world were studied. Various attributes were investigated including moisture, protein, carbohy- drate, dietary fiber, fat contents, and fatty acid composition. Slight variations in both protein and in fiber contents were observed among cultivars. Linoleic, oleic and palmitic were the most abundant fatty acids in all samples with little difference in their percentage content among the cultivars. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) demonstrated, for all sorghum flours analyzed, the absence of toxic protein sequences for celiac patients. The present results demonstrate that food-grade sorghum varieties are potentially able to be grown in Mediterranean countries in addition to regions where sorghum has been traditionally produced, i.e. either in arid tropical and sub- tropical regions of Africa and Asia or in dry regions of America.

15. Mineral contents in grains of seven food-grade sorghum hybrids grown in a Mediterranean environment

Author

Pontieri, Paola, Troisi, Jacopo, Di Fiore, Raffaele, Antimo Di Maro, Bean, Scott R., Tuinstra, Mitch R., Roemer, Earl, Boffa, Antonio, Del Giudice, Angelica, Pizzolante, Graziano, Alifano, Pietro, Del Giudice, Luigi, Pontieri, P., Troisi, J., Di Fiore, R., Di Maro, A., Bean, S. R., Tuinstra, M. R., Roemer, E., Boffa, A., Del Giudice, A., Pizzolante, Graziano, Alifano, Pietro, Del Giudice, L., Pontieri, P, Troisi, J, Di Fiore, R, DI MARO, Antimo, Roemer, E, Boffa, A, Del Giudice, A, Pizzolante, G, and Alifano, P

Subjects
sorghum hybrid, food-grade sorghum, mineral, Food-grade sorghum, food and beverages, Sorghum hybrid, Mineral, Mediterranean area
Abstract

Mineral nutrients play a fundamental role in the biochemical and physiological functions of biological systems. Cereals may especially be an important source of essential minerals in view of their large daily intake both for human health and nutrition. Sorghum, among the cereals, is a major crop being used for food, feed and industrial purposes worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine the mineral contents in grains of seven white food-grade sorghum hybrids, bred and adapted for growth in the central USA and grown in a Mediterranean area of Southern Italy. The seven hybrids were analyzed for grain ash and for minerals contents. Nutritionally, essential macro-, micro- and trace elements content were investigated. The analysis of essential elements was performed by mass spectrometry using a mix solution of internal isotopes standard. The results demonstrated that food-grade sorghum was characterized by high Mg, Fe and Zn content, high K:Na ratio and low Ca:P ratio, compared to other crops, due to the fact that the grain mineral contents of crop species are influenced by the effects of genotypes and environments. Significant variations in the essential elements content were found among the hybrids which allowed us to divide them into three distinct groups on the basis of their mineral profile by cluster analysis. These results are discussed with reference to the importance of minerals in human nutrition and suggest that, like wheat, it is possible to plan research programs for the improvement and selection of sorghum hybrids with high micronutrients content.

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