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The full solenoid over a topological space X is the inverse limit of all finite covers. When X is a compact Hausdorff space admitting a locally path-connected universal cover, we relate the pointed homotopy equivalences of the full solenoid to the abstract commensurator of the fundamental group π1(X). The relationship is an isomorphism when X is an aspherical CW complex. If X is additionally a geodesic metric space and π1(X) is residually finite, we show that this topological model is compatible with the realization of the abstract commensurator as a subgroup of the quasi-isometry group of π1(X) . This is a general topological analog of work of Biswas, Nag, Odden, Sullivan, and others on the universal hyperbolic solenoid, the full solenoid over a closed surface of genus at least two. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents an experimental setup of magnetic field taper variations to optimize the efficiency of a Ka-band pulsed gyrotron. Experimental optimization of the gyrotron's efficiency is presented. The efficiency dependence on three input parameters—beam current, magnetic field amplitude, and variations in the magnetic field taper profile—is studied. A gyrotron electron efficiency improvement from 25.4% for a non-tapered magnetic curve to 36.4% for a tapered magnetic curve is measured. The stability of the millimeter wave excitation in the cavity is also affected by the magnetic taper gradient. The magnetic taper is obtained by a practical modification of the solenoid that leads to an 11% electron efficiency improvement. Magnetic tapering can be combined with other types of efficiency enhancement concepts to obtain an overall improved efficiency that can be important for industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the calculation of systems consisting of a solar photovoltaic power source and water pumps. It is noted that such systems can be used both in households or industry, and in agriculture, in particular for irrigation. Several variants of water pumps are shown. An analysis of the operational modes where the photovoltaic power source is connected to the pump has been carried out. The selection of equipment was carried out and the expediency of using a system with an electric energy booster was indicated. A booster for providing current during start-up modes can be a capacitor, a battery of capacitors or an ionistor. Emphasis is placed on the fact that for doing of such systems it is necessary to apply modeling with the use of electrical models. It is shown that for developing of electric models of solenoid-based pumps and pumps based on rotating direct current motors, it is necessary to use the methods of electromechanical analogies. Electrical models of a photovoltaic power source and, based on analogies, a solenoid-based pump and a direct current motor-based pump with permanent magnet excitation and parallel excitation were developed. When developing electrical models, controlled sources of voltage and current were used with mutual influence of the electrical and mechanical parts of the pumps. The need to use direct current motors with parallel excitation is indicated, as they are more stable to emergency modes. It is also stated that in general, the mechanical load of the rotating part of motors is non-linear and depends on the number of revolutions of the shaft. A nonlinear resistance that models a nonlinear mechanical load is shown, and it is noted that the higher-order nonlinearity is insignificant. Conclusions are drawn and further development in the direction of the use of digital technologies is outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method for optimizing multiple responses in solenoids utilized in a magnetic nozzle assembly for an electric plasma thruster is presented. The primary goal is to minimize power usage while maintaining a sufficiently high magnetic flux density at the coil axis. This is especially critical during testing in a vacuum chamber, where heat dissipation is a challenge, especially for small components and intricate assemblies. This paper presents a method for quickly calculating the magnetic field along the solenoid axis that provides accurate estimates, independent of coil size. Additionally, we present general and concrete results for the employed magnetic nozzle design to illustrate the applied optimization method. The paper details a methodology for optimizing multiple parameters of a solenoid, including its radius, length, current, number of turns, and wire diameter. The aim is to minimize, maximize, or meet specific targets for magnetic flux density, power, or mass. Additional studies could utilize a suitable metric to optimize the homogeneity of the magnetic field of multiple coils. The coils designed using the algorithm have a radius of 17.5 mm, a length of 21 mm, consist of 300 turns with a wire diameter of 1 mm, and operate at a direct current of about 5 A. The potential maximum magnetic field is 40 mT with a power consumption of around 30 W.

Brakes are essential parts of any system that involves motion. A few seconds are spent applying the brake, accumulating enough force to retard a system. In case of emergency stops, we need an efficient braking system that acts quickly and safely to avoid any mishaps. This work aims to develop a prototype of an instantaneous braking system, which can stop the motion of a rotating member. The operating principle of the device is the electromagnetic actuation of a solenoid. The actuation of a solenoid is simple and instantaneous. As a result, we could achieve immediate braking of a rotating member. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keeping bee colonies is one of the most important sectors of investment in the global agricultural field. Internationally, beekeepers are interested in improving bee feeding methods to maximize the productivity and quality of their products. Whereas the current study aims to develop and evaluate an automatic feeding system that works with solar energy. This technique increases the vertical expansion of beekeeping by designing a multi-shelf mobile apiary for easy transportation as desired. The development process included the inclusion of automated feeders that operate electronically using sensors to provide a nutritional solution for bee colonies without human intervention. Also, the automatic apiary was provided with a sugar solution tank that was equipped with a continuous stirring system that works with a timer. Also, the automatic apiary contains an alarm system and remote mobile contact with the beekeeper in case of depletion of the sugar syrup. The variables under study included three levels of nutritional level volumes of 500, 750, and 1000 ml, respectively, with two stirring periods (3 and 6 times/day) at two concentrations for sugar solution of 50 and 67%. The evaluation process was done during the critical winter period of the year, from December to March. The main results showed that the colonies' strength had an increment ratio over control hives of 30.23% when using the highest variable levels. Also, the seasonal energy consumption ranged from 1.25–2.81 kWh per season. Therefore, beekeepers can benefit from this novel feeding approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electromagnetic force is a very important parameter for push-pull solenoids, but it is difficult to calculate analytically due to the nonlinear variation of the magnetic field. Aiming at this problem, To address this problem, the use of magnetic vector potential theory in a columnar coordinate system was investigated to solve the electromagnetic force of a cylindrical push-pull electromagnet. The whole solenoid magnetic field was divided into several sub-domains and the boundary conditions were defined to obtain the sub-domain magnetic vector equations which can be solved numerically, and then the electromagnetic characteristic data such as magnetic vector potential, inductance and electromagnetic force were calculated by MATLAB programming. Comparing the two cases of B-H curves of iron core permeability in finite element with constant value of 10 000 and electric soft iron respectively, the calculation accuracy and error variation trend of this numerical algorithm were illustrated, and the reason for the formation of the error were analyzed. With the increase of current the core will be magnetically saturated, when the magnetic saturation problem is not serious, the calculation result of numerical algorithm has high accuracy. With the increase of current, the error increases rapidly after the core is magnetically saturated. In the experiment, different sizes of excitation currents were applied to the cylindrical push-pull electromagnet, and the output thrust results obtained were consistent with theoretical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper endeavours to tackle the challenges of poor sanitation and water conservation in public toilets. Inspired by real-world experiences and the critical need to enhance sanitation while conserving essential resources--such as water, human resources, cleaning materials, and time--an IoT device has been conceptualized. The proposed solution is a 'Microcontroller-Based SMART Urinal cum Disinfectant Flush System,' which operates similarly to a sensor-based urinal and also offers automatic cleaning. Moreover, its smartness allows extensive possibilities for further enhancement. It uses microcontrollers (ESP2866, ESP32), Time of Flight (ToF) sensors, Latching Solenoids, Solenoid Drivers, a DC motor, a water flow sensor, a sound recording cum player, and a speaker. The ESP2866 microcontroller continuously measures distance via a ToF sensor installed at the urinal. Suppose a person remains within proximity to the urinal for over 5 seconds. In that case, it triggers the microcontroller to confirm the person's presence and initiate water flushing for a specific duration after leaving. In addition, if the ESP2866 microcontroller detects the presence of any person, it triggers playing customized announcements. Simultaneously, the ESP32 microcontroller oversees water flow using a water flow sensor. If water flow exceeds a specified duration, the ESP32 microcontroller activates a buzzer to indicate potential water leakage. Programmed timings enable the ESP32 to control the central water supply solenoid, turning it OFF, and the ESP2866 activates the urinal flush solenoid and the DC motor submerged in disinfectant flushes disinfectant in the urinal for a set period. After disinfectant flushing, the ESP32 turns ON the central solenoid to restore the main water supply. At the same time, the ESP2866 deactivates the Urinal Flush Solenoid to halt water flow in the urinal and starts performing the routine. The flushing cycle can be changed from post-urination to pre- & post-urination, and it can be customized. Parameters such as the person-sensing distance, water flow duration, disinfectant flushing time and duration, etc, are customizable. The functionality of automated Urinal Flush, Disinfectant Flush, and a customized announcement system were tested using the designed embedded electronic IoT device. Arduino IDE was used to program Microcontrollers ESP32 and ESP2866. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The issues on determining the degree of influence of temperature changes caused by climatic features of the area, internal heat generation during the operation of an electronic circuit and other reasons on the value of the magnetic induction of the levitating magnetic core are analyzed in the article. Based on the results of preliminary studies, the model of the Magnetic Levitation System (MLS), the dependence on the temperature of the magnetic induction on the levitating core was obtained. The preliminary investigation results of the MLS show that the magnetic induction of the levitating core is a linear monotonically decreasing function of temperature. The aim of this issue is to study the effect of temperature on the nature of the power characteristics of the MLS, the temperature in the measuring chamber of which has a significant effect, which indicates the violation of the levitation current stability caused by temperature changes in the magnetic induction of the levitating magnetic core (which indicates the violation of the levitation current stability). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a material extrusion (MEX) nozzle for fabricating bond magnets was designed to form a unidirectional magnetic field with a solenoid. The hard magnetic properties of the bonded magnets were enhanced by induced magnetic anisotropy. The magnetic field strength for magnetic alignment was controlled by the current applied to the solenoid, and the magnetic field strength formed at the bottom of the solenoid was approximately 10 mT. When a magnetic field was applied to the magnetic particles in filaments, magnetic spins and domains that existed in spherical magnetic particles were magnetically rotated and preferentially aligned with the induced magnetic field. Subsequently, as the polymer matrix was softened by the heat generated by the current induced in the solenoid, bonded magnets were additively manufactured using MEX with in situ magnetic field, and hard magnetic properties such as coercivity, remanence, and maximum energy product of the manufactured magnets were confirmed to be enhanced. The improvement in hard magnetic properties was attributed to the increased magnetic anisotropy caused by magnetic alignment. Based on the results of this study, we expect MEX with a magnetic field application system to be used in the future for manufacturing complex-shaped bonded magnets with improved magnetic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vibratory technological machines are widely implemented in various branches of industrial, manufacturing, and mechanical engineering. Particularly, such equipment can be effectively used while conducting finishing technological operations, e.g., lapping and polishing of different machine parts. The present paper is focused on developing the control system for the novel design of a vibratory lapping-polishing machine driven by six solenoids. The main purpose consists in providing the circular trajectory of the working member and ensuring the machining uniformity at each point of the surface being treated. In such a case, it is proposed to actuate the solenoids with the specified time shift depending on the forced frequency needed to be provided. The duration of the signal actuating the solenoid is equal to one-sixth of the total duration of a cycle (period) of the working body oscillation. The corresponding control approach is developed and simulated in the Tinkercad application, while the control system is designed based on the Arduino software and hardware. In addition, the laboratory prototype of the vibratory lapping-polishing machine and the corresponding control system are implemented in practice. The performed experimental investigations substantiate the possibilities of generating the circular oscillations of the working member of the vibratory lapping-polishing machine. The obtained results may be useful for engineers and technologists dealing with control systems of various vibratory technological equipment based on electromagnetic and solenoid-type drives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A metric continuum X is indecomposable if it cannot be put as the union of two of its proper subcontinua. A subset R of X is said to be continuumwise connected provided that for each pair of points p , q ∈ R , there exists a subcontinuum M of X such that { p , q } ⊂ M ⊂ R . Let X 2 denote the Cartesian square of X and Δ the diagonal of X 2 . Recently, H. Katsuura asked if for a continuum X, distinct from the arc, X 2 \ Δ is continuumwise connected if and only if X is decomposable. In this paper, we show that no implication in this question holds. For the proof of the non-necessity, we use the dynamical properties of a suitable homeomorphism of the Cantor set onto itself to construct an appropriate indecomposable continuum X. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Ege Universitesi, Ziraat Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Concepts, such as power and condition monitoring or smart systems, are becoming increasingly important but require extensive insight into the process or machine, which is mostly gained by additional sensors. However, this development is contrasted by growing global competition and cost pressure. The measurement concept of a soft flow rate sensor presented here, addresses this discrepancy by means of a cost-effective software-based sensor, utilizing the dependence between flow rate and flow force in hydraulic spool valves. In the presented work, the feasibility of the introduced approach and the anticipated challenges, such as the modeling of disturbances in the mechanical, fluidic and electromagnetic subdomain, are assessed. For this purpose, important phenomena influencing measurement accuracy are identified on the basis of previous work. With the help of these findings, a greatly simplified version of the soft sensor is built and evaluated with a commercial valve to perform an initial test of the concept. Regardless of future implementations, the soft sensor concept presented here may have limitations in terms of dynamics and accuracy. However, the aim is not to replace a classic flow rate sensor, such as a gear sensor, but rather to create a cost-effective way to determine the flow rate without any additional integration effort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a general setting where wavelet filters and multiresolution decompositions can be defined, beyond the classical L 2 (R , d x) setting. This is done in a framework of iterated function system (IFS) measures; these include all cases studied so far, and in particular the Julia set/measure cases. Every IFS has a fixed order, say N, and we show that the wavelet filters are indexed by the infinite dimensional group G of functions from X into the unitary group U N . We call G the loop group because of the special case of the unit circle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brakes are essential parts of any system that involves motion. A few seconds are spent applying the brake, accumulating enough force to retard a system. In case of emergency stops, we need an efficient braking system that acts quickly and safely to avoid any mishaps. This work aims to develop a prototype of an instantaneous braking system, which can stop the motion of a rotating member. The operating principle of the device is the electromagnetic actuation of a solenoid. The actuation of a solenoid is simple and instantaneous. As a result, we could achieve immediate braking of a rotating member.

Sensitive measurements require a vibration isolation system to safeguard against detrimental tremble. Two types of vibration isolation systems - passive and active - are currently implemented. The spring-based passive designs usually accompany with ineffective low-frequency response. Therefore, the active designs, consisting of sensors, feedback control systems, and actuators, are consolidated to improve the total effectiveness of the cancellation performance. In this work, we focus on developing the actuator founded on electromagnetic spring to be incorporated into our compact quantum gravimeter. Each spring-actuated part comprises two repelling Nd magnets positioned face to face inside a solenoid. With this configuration, the spring can also work in the passive mode via repulsive magnetic force. In the active mode, the exerted force is a result of magnetic fields formed by the magnets and the current-controlled solenoid coils. By changing the coil current, the stiffness of the spring can be modified, and thus the displacement can be controlled. Different sizes of magnets are explored, and their force behaviors in passive and active modes are characterized. The implementation scheme of the actuator in the quantum gravimeter is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G be a torsion-free abelian group of rank two and let φ be an endomorphism of G, called a rank-two solenoidal endomorphism. Then it is represented by a 2 × 2-matrix Mφ with rational entries. The purpose of this article is to prove the following: The group, coker(φ), of the cokernut of φ is finite if and only if Mφ is nonsingular, and if it is so, then we give an explicit formula for the order of coker(φ), [G : im(φ)], in terms of p-adic absolute values of the determinant of Mφ. Since G is abelian, the Reidemeister number of φ is equal to the order of the cokernut of id − φ and, when it is finite, it is equal to the number of fixed points of the Pontryagin dual φ of φ. Thereby, we solve completely the problem raised in [16] of finding the possible sequences of periodic point counts for all endomorphisms of the rank-two solenoids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On multiple occasions, in his work and interviews, Mircea Cartarescu has revealed Dante to be one of his topmost literary influences. This article offers a comparative reading that intends to tackle several meeting points between Dante's oeuvre and that of Cartarescu. Particular attention will be given to Cartarescu's novel Solenoid (2015), a privileged space for recounting the places where Dante's ascendancy can be found: the nocturnal regime of the text, profuse with infernal images, the figure of Virgil accompanying the protagonist as a guide, the construction of the novel, conceived from the very beginning by the author as a space that should end with the word "stars", among other features to be examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Introduction] To ensure the safe and stable operation of the equipment, the power electronic equipment regulated by the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) organization must pass the relevant magnetic field immunity test. [Method] Based on ITER requirements, the parameter requirements of the required test system were defined. Square solenoid coil and square three coil were selected as the research objects. The structural parameters of the optimal performance were calculated by numerical calculation method, and the correctness of the calculation was verified by finite element method. [Result] Compared with the two coil types, the solenoid with low power consumption is selected as the final structure. Then, based on this parameter, the power topology of DC transient is analyzed, the relevant parameters are calculated, and the performance data required by the final power supply is determined. [Conclusion] The research of this paper provides a detailed calculation process and design reference for the design of induction coil and its power supply of ITER high-power magnetic field immunity test system.

[Introduction] To evaluate the anti magnetic interference ability of electrical and electronic devices, it is necessary to carry out the corresponding magnetic field immunity test, in which the high uniformity steady-state magnetic field generator is the core component of a steady-state test device. [Method] Taking the conventional Helmholtz and Maxwell square coil as the research object, the parameters were optimized through numerical calculation, and the coil structure that can produce high-performance magnetic field was obtained analytically. The finite element method was used to establish a model for calculation, and the correctness of the results was verified. [Result] The general calculation formula of coil parameters is obtained through numerical analysis, and the two coil types are compared. The optimized Maxwell square coil with small size and power consumption is selected as the final structure. [Conclusion] The research of this paper provides a detailed calculation process and design reference for the high uniformity steady-state magnetic field generator, and can provide a theoretical basis for the design of corresponding equipment in the electrical industry.

Ion accelerator is а multi-tool used for effects of neutron irradiation of reactor materials simulating. The heavy ion accelerator HIPr (heavy ion prototype) is used for radiation damage in steels and alloys simulating at ITEP (NRC "Kurchatov institute"). The main irradiations is carried out with iron ions Fe2+ but, if necessary, vanadium, tantalum, carbon and many others ions beams can be used. It is necessary to implant hydrogen and helium into the area of damage for effect of nuclear reaction products on reactor structural materials simulating. The second channel is created for simultaneous irradiation with heavy and light ions for improving experiments. The paper considers solenoid design. The solenoid is used to a helium ion beam from ECR source focusing and the method of its power supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a novel constant air-gap solenoid (CAS) actuator design that can perform accurate and wide-bandwidth closed-loop position control with two fused self-sensed plunger measurements. The recently patented CAS actuator is experimentally validated to be the first electromagnetic actuator with the ability to simultaneously produce two plunger position measurements with complementary bandwidth characteristics. First, a variable reluctance differential solenoid transducer (VRDST) is converted into a stacked CAS actuator through minor geometry modifications. Next, two complementary self-sensing methods that are based on inductance and back electromotive force (BEMF) are selected. Then, a complementary filter design is proposed to fuse the inductance- and BEMF-based self-sensing methods. Afterward, the design and fabrication of the prototype CAS actuator and the experimental setup are discussed. The experimental setup is then used to characterize the prototype CAS actuator and observe the performance of the individual self-sensing methods. Finally, the fused measurement is used for feedback in closed-loop position control. The closed-loop position control experiments show that the self-sensed feedback performs comparably with a dedicated high-end laser vibrometer. Furthermore, the results show that the sensor fusion output performs better than the individual self-sensing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents an overview of the economic efficiency for linear drive with solenoid coupling. Moreover, the linear drive with solenoid coupling is also a pneumatic device. Thereby in this article, we are studying two pneumatic and one electro-pneumatic installation, which contains the linear drive with solenoid coupling. The first pneumatic circuit contains the following devices: compressed air supply, start-up valve with filter control valve, 4/2-way valve with spring, throttle valves, linear drive with solenoid coupling (LD 1-1). The second pneumatic circuit contains the following components: linear drives, throttle valves, 5/2-way valve, air service unit, compressed air supply. The last circuit which is actually an electro-hydraulic circuit contains the following components: compressed air supply, 5/2-way solenoid valve with spring, linear drive with solenoid coupling (LD 3-1), relays, valves solenoid and magnetic proximity switch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Almost every scale in thermal engineering requires performance optimization to lessen energy demand. The possibility of using pulsating flow for water cooling was investigated both experimentally and numerically. The experiments were conducted below a 60 mL∙min−1 flow rate and frequencies of 3.3, 4, 5, 6.6, and 10 Hz. The flow rate and temperatures were monitored while the solenoid valve was actuated and cooled with thermoelectric coolers. The measurements were replicated by using commercially available software capable of doing large-eddy simulations with coupled thermal modelling. Thermal boundaries were created by using steady inflow temperature and iso-flux conditions. The experimental and numerical results were compared and evaluated. The results show that the Nusselt number of the examined pulsating flow was lower when compared to constant flow scenarios at the corresponding averaged flow rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to provide various characterizations of locally compact groups in terms of their closed totally disconnected subgroups. Furthermore, many generalizations of structure theorems are established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we describe the periodic points of automorphisms of a one dimensional solenoid, considering it as the inverse limit, lim←k (S 1 , γk) of a sequence (γk) of maps on the circle S 1 . The periodic points are discussed for a class of automorphisms on some higher dimensional solenoids also.

In this study, a material extrusion (MEX) nozzle for fabricating bond magnets was designed to form a unidirectional magnetic field with a solenoid. The hard magnetic properties of the bonded magnets were enhanced by induced magnetic anisotropy. The magnetic field strength for magnetic alignment was controlled by the current applied to the solenoid, and the magnetic field strength formed at the bottom of the solenoid was approximately 10 mT. When a magnetic field was applied to the magnetic particles in filaments, magnetic spins and domains that existed in spherical magnetic particles were magnetically rotated and preferentially aligned with the induced magnetic field. Subsequently, as the polymer matrix was softened by the heat generated by the current induced in the solenoid, bonded magnets were additively manufactured using MEX with in situ magnetic field, and hard magnetic properties such as coercivity, remanence, and maximum energy product of the manufactured magnets were confirmed to be enhanced. The improvement in hard magnetic properties was attributed to the increased magnetic anisotropy caused by magnetic alignment. Based on the results of this study, we expect MEX with a magnetic field application system to be used in the future for manufacturing complex-shaped bonded magnets with improved magnetic properties.

This paper describes the beam transmission characteristics through the spiral inflector and in the central region of the K500 superconducting cyclotron at VECC due to solenoid magnet misalignment in its vertical injection line. The equations of motion for a particle in misaligned solenoidal channel are derived from the Hamiltonian and used to investigate the behaviour of the beam during injection where the axial magnetic field of the cyclotron plays an important role. We have optimised the solenoid strength in the vertical line to reduce transmission loss in the spiral inflector and to match the beam in the central region of the cyclotron. The percentage of the accepted particle in the spiral inflector and in the central region are calculated for different values of translational and rotational misaligned parameters of the solenoids. The allowed tolerances of these parameters are obtained to get the desired injection efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Soil Sciences & Agricultural Engineering is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Techno.com is the property of Universitas Dian Nuswantoro, Fakultas Ilmu Komputer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Laser-accelerated proton beams (LAP) have inspired innovative applications that can leverage proton bunch properties distinct from those of conventionally accelerated proton beams. A new multifunctional LAP beamline has been proposed, utilizing the GEANT4 toolkit, and the solenoids have been simulated using high-precision components. We present the design of the initial segment of the transport beamline and energy selection system for the effective transport of a radiation pressure acceleration source with a high energy spread. This study examines the effects of solenoids on proton beam quality, specifically focusing on profiles, FWHM, and transmission efficiency. The results obtained using our developed GEANT4 toolkit validate the analytical formulas and findings from the DYNAMION code regarding emittance and proton profiles. Additionally, the presented GEANT4 LAP beamline is capable of calculating the flux of secondary particles, such as neutrons and photons. It was observed that careful attention to the precise structure of the solenoids is critical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the design optimization results for the anchor shape of the solenoid part of a flow-rate control valve by executing the design of experiments (DOE) for developing a quieter high-pressure pump. The impact of the noise level increases with an increase to the valve impingement velocity, so the objective of the design optimization is to reduce the valve impingement velocity. In this study, we executed the DOE to simulate two models of the anchor/core of the solenoid part of a flow-rate control valve, grooved and oblique, to optimize the anchor shape by varying four design parameters and then compared them with the original anchor/core design. We evaluated the anchor impingement velocity results with regard to the factor effects and clarified the relation between the velocity and the design parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electron cooling technology is applied in the spectrometer ring (SRing) to improve the luminosity of ion beam for the High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF). The electron cooler consists of a gun section, two 90-degree toroids, a cooling section and a collector section. There are four kinds of main coils used to provide longitudinal magnetic fields along the path of the electron beam. In this paper, we present the modeling and analyzing of the electron cooler magnets by three-dimension software. The optimizing of the magnetic field of cooling section is completed to achieve the required effective cooling length. The magnetic fields along the electron beam path and ion beam path are calculated and the beam trajectory of typical ion is also simulated to offer data for correcting the orbit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Geant4 simulation code was developed to perform realistic simulations of the RIBRAS facility. A second-order expansion of a finite solenoid field was included to describe the beam optics with good precision. A systematic study of coil currents for several magnetic rigidities and focal points was performed. Parameterizations of the coil currents for single and dual mode operations were obtained. Dedicated routines were developed to simulate the mechanism of direct reactions involving two and three particles in the final state. The present simulations were employed to investigate the feasibility of a Solenoidal Spectrometer with the RIBRAS facility. Our first results indicate that the concept can be applied in the RIBRAS system under certain conditions. Forthcoming studies both from simulations and experiments are already under development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A model-based study is conducted to develop a high-performance solenoid gas Injector applied for compressed natural gas (CNG) fueled engines. Operation of the solenoid gas Injector is described through mathematical models, Including mechanical and electrical models. The solenoid of the gas injector is modeled in Maxwell software to simulate its electromagnetic force in static mode, which is based on specifications of a real solenoid gas injector. The electromagnetic force along with flux obtained by the solenoid model in Maxwell is then imported into AMESim software to simulate the operating characteristics of the solenoid gas injector in transient mode, such as motion characteristics of the plunger, response time, and injection quantity. The electromagnetic force and operating characteristics of the solenoid gas injector are investigated under the effects of structural parameters, including core and sleeve shapes. The simulation results show that the electromagnetic force and open response time of the solenoid gas injector are significantly improved by changing the core and sleeve shapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]