1. The scope of the mortgage contract (real estate) as a security interest to secure the performance of an obligation, under the civil law of panama
- Author
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Hilario González Ariza
- Subjects
contrato ,garant?a ,solemnidad ,prelaci?n de derecho ,debtor ,possession ,compliance ,solemnity ,priority of law ,escritura p?blica ,obligaciones ,right ,public deed ,derecho ,property ,pago ,guarantee ,General Medicine ,propiedad ,payment ,acreedor ,posesi?n ,inmueble ,contract ,creditor ,deudor ,cumplimiento ,obligations - Abstract
Hay que tener presente que, mediante la figura de la hipoteca, se sujeta directa e inmediatamente los bienes sobre que se impone, cualquiera que sea su poseedor, al cumplimiento de la obligaci?n para cuya seguridad fue constituida. De forma m?s amplia, la hipoteca puede entenderse como el contrato en virtud del cual una persona llamada deudor hipotecario, constituye un derecho real sobre un bien generalmente inmueble, determinado y enajenable, a favor de la otra parte llamada acreedor hipotecario, para garantizar el cumplimiento de una obligaci?n, sin desposeer al deudor del bien gravado y que le da derechos al acreedor, de persecuci?n y en caso de incumplimiento de la obligaci?n, de enajenaci?n y de preferencia para ser pagado con el producto de la enajenaci?n. En ese contexto, conforme la normativa civil paname?a, medularmente pueden ser objeto de hipoteca: los bienes inmuebles, los derechos reales enajenables, con arreglo a las leyes, los bienes muebles susceptibles de determinaci?n o individualizaci?n. Ahora bien, siendo el contrato de hipoteca solemne para su validez constitutiva, adem?s de los requisitos comunes exigidos a los contratos conforme el C?digo Civil, es indispensable, que la escritura donde se constituya se inscriba en el Registro P?blico de la Rep?blica de Panam? o instituci?n espec?fica cuando aplique sobre bienes no sujetos de inscripci?n en dicho ente registral. It must be borne in mind that through the figure of the mortgage, the property on which it is imposed, whatever its owner, is directly and immediately subject to the fulfillment of the obligation for whose security it was constituted. More broadly, the mortgage can be understood as the contract by virtue of which a person called the mortgage debtor, constitutes a real right over a property, generally immovable, determined and alienable, in favor of the other party called the mortgage creditor, to guarantee compliance, of an obligation, without dispossessing the debtor of the encumbered asset and that gives the creditor rights, of persecution and in case of breach of the obligation, of alienation and preference to be paid with the proceeds of the alienation. In this context, according to Panamanian civil regulations, the following may be the object of a mortgage: real estate, alienable real rights, in accordance with the laws, movable property that can be determined or individualized. Now, being the solemn mortgage contract for its constitutive validity, in addition to the common requirements demanded of contracts according to the Civil Code, it is essential that the deed where it is constituted be registered in the Public Registry of the Republic of Panama or institution specific when it applies to goods not subject to registration in said registry entity.
- Published
- 2022
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