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Accurate estimation of software effort and time in the software development process is a key activity to achieve the necessary product quality. However, underestimation or overestimation of effort has become a key challenge for software development. One of the main problems is the estimation with metrics from late stages, because the product must already be finished to make estimates. In this paper, the use of statistical models and machine learning approaches for software estimation are used in early stages such as software design, and a data set is presented with metric values of design artifacts with 37 software projects. As results, models for the estimation of development time and effort are proposed and validated through leave-one-out cross-validation. Further, machine learning techniques were employed in order to compare software projects estimations. Through the statistical tests, it was proven that the errors were not statistically different with the regression models for effort estimation. However, with Random Forest the best statistical results were obtained for estimating development time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid societal development and increased engineering construction have exacerbated the disturbance of the geological environment. The impact of extreme climatic factors has grown, leading to a surge in geological disasters, with landslides emerging as particularly significant. Consequently, fundamental research in geological disaster detection or monitoring necessitates an in-depth study of the physical phenomena accompanying landslides' development, evolution, and occurrence. Exploring the signal characteristics associated with landslides is crucial to indirectly understanding their development and change processes—a scientific question deserving thorough exploration. Despite this research's importance, there is a notable gap in the investigation of the key design and specific implementation of electromagnetic instruments tailored for landslide detection. This gap is particularly pronounced in designing and implementing data acquisition software for electromagnetic instruments. This interdisciplinary research draws on theoretical frameworks from embedded computer science, software engineering, digital signal processing technology, geophysics, and engineering geology. It focuses on developing specialized data acquisition application software for landslide detection or monitoring, contributing to the scientific understanding of landslide development and providing independent intellectual property in the electromagnetic wave signal detection field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Machine Tool & Hydraulics is the property of Guangzhou Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (GMERI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Railway Investigation & Surveying is the property of Railway Investigation & Surveying Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Geodesy & Geodynamics (1671-5942) is the property of Editorial Board Journal of Geodesy & Geodynamics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Machine Tool & Hydraulics is the property of Guangzhou Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (GMERI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It is always difficult to analyze the law of ship movement, especially the behavior of ship. In this paper, a frequent pattern mining method based on a large number of historical track clustering of ships is proposed to estimate the future behavior of ships, and the software implementation is presented. In this paper, a comprehensive similarity measurement method of track is proposed and the meaning of frequent pattern mining based on track clustering is introduced. Secondly, the adaptive transformation of the classical density clustering algorithm is carried out and the implementation method of the clustering algorithm based on comprehensive similarity is given. Then, the most similar cluster of virtual trunk track calculation is extracted, and the estimation results of current ship behavior are obtained by statistics. Finally, the software design and test results based on C/S architecture are given. Experimental results show that this method can describe the behavior of track association, and the behavior estimation results obtained by the software can assist the research and judgment.

Aim Design Data Sources Review methods Results Conclusion Reporting Method Patient or Public Contribution Protocol Registration To systemically identify and synthesize information on health professionals’ and students’ perceptions regarding the development needs of incident reporting software.A systematic review of qualitative studies.A database search was conducted using Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science and Medic without time or language limits in February 2023.A total of 4359 studies were identified. Qualitative studies concerning the perceptions of health professionals and students regarding the development needs of incident reporting software were included, based on screening and critical appraisal by two independent reviewers. A thematic synthesis was conducted.From 10 included studies, five analytical themes were analysed. Health professionals and students desired the following improvements or changes to incident reporting software: (1) the design of reporting software, (2) the anonymity of reporting, (3) the accessibility of reporting software, (4) the classification of fields and answer options and (5) feedback and tracking of reports. Wanted features included suitable reporting forms for various specialized fields that could be integrated into existing hospital information systems. Rapid, user‐friendly reporting software using multiple reporting platforms and with flexible fields and predefined answer options was preferred. While anonymous reporting was favoured, the idea of reporting serious incidents with both patient and reporter names was also suggested.Health professionals and students provided concrete insights into the development needs for reporting software. Considering the underreporting of healthcare cases, the perspectives of healthcare professionals must be considered while developing user‐friendly reporting tools. Reporting software that facilitates the reporting process could reduce underreporting.The ENTREQ reporting guideline was used to support the reporting of this systematic review.There was no patient or public contribution.The protocol is registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews with register number CRD42023393804. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is always difficult to analyze the law of ship movement, especially the behavior of ship. In this paper, a frequent pattern mining method based on a large number of historical track clustering of ships is proposed to estimate the future behavior of ships, and the software implementation is presented. In this paper, a comprehensive similarity measurement method of track is proposed and the meaning of frequent pattern mining based on track clustering is introduced. Secondly, the adaptive transformation of the classical density clustering algorithm is carried out and the implementation method of the clustering algorithm based on comprehensive similarity is given. Then, the most similar cluster of virtual trunk track calculation is extracted, and the estimation results of current ship behavior are obtained by statistics. Finally, the software design and test results based on C/S architecture are given. Experimental results show that this method can describe the behavior of track association, and the behavior estimation results obtained by the software can assist the research and judgment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ongoing digital transformation of industry is most clearly reflected in the increasing collection and analysis of data from various sources. Among these are sensor equipped machinery, telemetry in logistics or audiovisually monitored production floors. In order to utilize the data, e. g., to predict machinery malfunctions, its technically smooth consolidation is crucial. Therefore, numerous data interchange formats, protocols and middleware emerged over the past years. However, until today there is no gold standard technology stack for industrial data analysis, for multiple reasons, including the applications' heterogeneity. In this work, we present a software library which aims at decoupling messaging protocols and patterns from their implementation to overcome incompatibilities and, thus, facilitate data consolidation for software engineers. Moreover, we show how to use the library for rapidly modeling distributed cyber-physical systems using an integrated schema generation mechanism. Based on one real-world and one synthetic use case, we evaluate the library's applicability, discuss open issues and outline planned features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low Back Pain (LBP) is a prevalent health issue that affects many people's daily functioning and well-being. However, diagnosing LBP is challenging because it requires expert knowledge of the spine's structure and function. Therapists usually rely on asking patients questions to guide their tests, but this method is not very efficient. Moreover, existing systems for LBP diagnosis and information exchange are narrow in their coverage. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a design specification for a web-based decision support system that offers a preliminary diagnosis and suggests a comprehensive diagnosis that may have multiple components. The system design incorporates an intuitive and user-friendly framework that can handle the complex features of LBP diagnosis and uses verbal probability estimation to cope with the uncertainty involved. The design specification can facilitate communication among the relevant stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Computational Mechanics / Jisuan Lixue Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Computational Mechanics Editorial Office, Dalian University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and Aims: Systems existing in hospital or clinic settings offer services within the physical environment. Examples of such systems include picture archiving and communication systems, which provide remote services for patients. To develop a successful system, methods like software development life cycles (SDLCs) and design techniques, such as prototyping, are needed. This study aimed to specify requirements, design, and evaluation of dental image exchange and management system using a user‐centered approach. Methods: This cross‐sectional study was conducted in four phases, each corresponding to different stages of SDLCs. User‐needs data were used to gathered by interviews and observations. A prototype was developed using object‐oriented programming and presented to users for feedback. Finally, focus group was used to finalized the prototype into the desired system. Results: User needs were identified and prioritized from the outset, with ease of use, security, and mobile apps being their most essential requirements. The prototype underwent several iterations of design and evaluation in focus group sessions until users were satisfied, and their feedback was incorporated. Eventually, the prototype was refined into the final system with users' consent. Conclusion: The study revealed that instant access to information, voluntary participation, user interface (UI) design, and usefulness were critical variables for users and should be integral to any system. Successful implementation of such a system requires careful consideration of end‐users' needs and their application to the system. Moreover, integrating the system with electronic health records can further enhance the treatment process and the efficiency of medical staff. The voluntary perspective of users played a significant role in achieving an exemplary UI and overall satisfaction with the system. Developers and policymakers should consider these aspects in similar system development projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiphysics processes in fractured porous media is a research field of importance for several subsurface applications and has received considerable attention over the last decade. The dynamics are characterized by strong couplings between processes as well as interaction between the processes and the structure of the fractured medium itself. The rich range of behaviour calls for explorative mathematical modelling, such as experimentation with constitutive laws and novel coupling concepts between physical processes. Moreover, efficient simulations of the strong couplings between multiphysics processes and geological structures require the development of tailored numerical methods.We present a modelling framework and its implementation in the open-source simulation toolbox PorePy, which is designed for rapid prototyping of multiphysics processes in fractured porous media. PorePy uses a mixed-dimensional representation of the fracture geometry and generally applies fully implicit couplings between processes. The code design follows the paradigms of modularity and differentiable programming, which together allow for extreme flexibility in experimentation with governing equations with minimal changes to the code base. The code integrity is supported by a multilevel testing framework ensuring the reliability of the code.We present our modelling framework within a context of thermo-poroelasticity in deformable fractured porous media, illustrating the close relation between the governing equations and the source code. We furthermore discuss the design of the testing framework and present simulations showcasing the extendibility of PorePy, as well as the type of results that can be produced by mixed-dimensional simulation tools.

Abstract Background and Aims Systems existing in hospital or clinic settings offer services within the physical environment. Examples of such systems include picture archiving and communication systems, which provide remote services for patients. To develop a successful system, methods like software development life cycles (SDLCs) and design techniques, such as prototyping, are needed. This study aimed to specify requirements, design, and evaluation of dental image exchange and management system using a user‐centered approach. Methods This cross‐sectional study was conducted in four phases, each corresponding to different stages of SDLCs. User‐needs data were used to gathered by interviews and observations. A prototype was developed using object‐oriented programming and presented to users for feedback. Finally, focus group was used to finalized the prototype into the desired system. Results User needs were identified and prioritized from the outset, with ease of use, security, and mobile apps being their most essential requirements. The prototype underwent several iterations of design and evaluation in focus group sessions until users were satisfied, and their feedback was incorporated. Eventually, the prototype was refined into the final system with users' consent. Conclusion The study revealed that instant access to information, voluntary participation, user interface (UI) design, and usefulness were critical variables for users and should be integral to any system. Successful implementation of such a system requires careful consideration of end‐users' needs and their application to the system. Moreover, integrating the system with electronic health records can further enhance the treatment process and the efficiency of medical staff. The voluntary perspective of users played a significant role in achieving an exemplary UI and overall satisfaction with the system. Developers and policymakers should consider these aspects in similar system development projects.

Abstract Background Developmental disorders are a prevalent problem in the health sector of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and children in these countries are at greater risk. A registry system is helpful and vital to monitoring and managing this disease. Objective The present study aims to develop an electronic registry system for children's developmental motor disorders. Methods The study was conducted between 2019 and 2020 in three phases. First, the requirements of the system were identified. Second, UML diagrams were first drawn using Microsoft Visio software. Then, the system was designed using the ASP.NET framework in Visual Studio 2018, and the C# programming language was used in the NET 4.5 technology platform. In the third phase, system usability was evaluated from the users' viewpoint. Results The findings of this research included system requirements, a conceptual model, and a web-based system. The client and system server connection was established through the IP/TCP communication protocol in a university physical network. End users approved the system with an agreement rate of 87.14%. Conclusion The study's results can be used as a model for designing and developing systems related to children's developmental movement disorders in other countries. It is also suggested as a valuable platform for research and improving the management of this disease.

In order to adapt to the management mode of the products pipeline network under the new system, set up a service-oriented pipeline system and make for the universality of batch tracking technology, a discussion was made about the products pipeline batch interface tracking technology under the PipeChina system. First of all, the oil batch coding rules and operation terms were standardized from the perspective of information level, which is favorable to the popularization and application. In terms of the development environment, it was considered an effective way to apply online real-time tracking to the accuracy improvement of products pipeline batch interface tracking software(hereinafter referred to as the tracking software), as well as the best way to develop the tracking software on the domestic SCADA system. In respect of technical scheme design, an interface tracking method with 50% concentration point(vol%) was determined and a design was made to the function and flow of tracking software. In response to the key challenges, the accuracy, calibration and error correction of batch tracking were analyzed and verified by the field application results. The customization and universality of the tracking software were discussed from three aspects: data system, oil transportation technology and model coefficient. As a result, an idea was proposed to design the tracking software interface from the software function level. Generally, the research results lay a foundation for the research on accurate products pipeline batch interface tracking technology and the opening of a new control mode of products pipeline network.

Accurate estimation of software effort and time in the software development process is a key activity to achieve the necessary product quality. However, underestimation or overestimation of effort has become a key challenge for software development. One of the main problems is the estimation with metrics from late stages, because the product must already be finished to make estimates. In this paper, the use of statistical models and machine learning approaches for software estimation are used in early stages such as software design, and a data set is presented with metric values of design artifacts with 37 software projects. As results, models for the estimation of development time and effort are proposed and validated through leave-one-out cross-validation. Further, machine learning techniques were employed in order to compare software projects estimations. Through the statistical tests, it was proven that the errors were not statistically different with the regression models for effort estimation. However, with Random Forest the best statistical results were obtained for estimating development time.

Design patterns represent a means of communicating reusable solutions to common problems, provided they are implemented and maintained correctly. However, many design pattern instances erode as they age, sacrificing qualities they once provided. Identifying such instances of pattern decay is valuable because it allows for proactive attempts to extend the longevity and quality attributes of pattern components. Apart from structural decay, design patterns can exhibit symptoms of behavioral decay. We utilized a taxonomy that characterizes these negative behaviors and designed a case study wherein we measured structural and behavioral decay, hereafter referred to as pattern grime, as well as pattern quality and size, across pattern evolutions. We evaluated the relationships between structural and behavioral grime and found statistically significant cases of strong correlations between specific types of structural and behavioral grime. Furthermore, we extended the QATCH operational software quality model to incorporate design pattern evolution metrics and measured and correlated software quality to the presence of behavioral grime in software systems. Our results suggest a strong inverse relationship between software quality and behavioral grime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Several studies have shown that involving users in design processes is a key factor in understanding user needs and essential for designing computer systems capable of providing valuable user experiences. However, many practitioners do not emphasize user needs sufficiently and neglect user involvement in software design and development. The UCD Sprint is a recently proposed, step-by-step, cost-effective process that focuses on involving users in design activities. This article reports a mixed-method study in which, for the first time, practitioners working in companies used the UCD Sprint; the study’s main objective was to investigate the impact of the UCD Sprint on practitioners’ design practices. The results show that, among the various activities associated with this process, those that involved users were particularly appreciated by practitioners. Thus, the UCD Sprint can enhance the innovativeness of company design practices; it enables practitioners to obtain sufficient information to create systems that fit users’ needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging daily, new devices and software-driven advancements pose challenges in software development, including errors, bugs, and evolving requirements. This leads to delays in delivery. Ensuring software security within the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is crucial. To address this, the research focuses on incorporating security aspects early in the SDLC through model transformation. Platform-independent models with security attributes like Integrity, Privacy, Security Audit, non-repudiation, and authentication are generated. A template-based source code generator is utilized to create the structure of the source model. The Secure Business Process Model (SBPM) encompasses Unified Modeling Language (UML) artifacts, such as analysis level classes and sequence diagrams, enriched with security attributes derived from the activity model. Security requirements are linked to elements extracted from the source model, and structural codes with security-enabled members are produced. Automation in software development is inevitable, though not complete, as it plays a vital role in addressing these challenges and improving the security of software applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rise in initiatives such as software ecosystems and Internet of Things (IoT), developing robust web Application Programming Interfaces (web APIs) has become an increasingly important practice. One main concern in developing web APIs is that they expose back-end systems and data toward clients. This exposure threatens critical non-functional requirements, such as the security of back-end systems, the performance of provided services, and the privacy of communications with clients. Although dealing with non-functional requirements during software design has been long studied, there is still little guide on addressing these requirements in web APIs. In this paper, we present WEBAPIK, a body of structured knowledge on addressing non-functional requirements in the design of web APIs. WEBAPIK is comprised of 27 distinct non-functional requirements, 37 distinct design techniques to address some of the identified requirements, and the trade-offs of 22 design techniques, presented in two forms of natural language and knowledge graphs. The design knowledge compiled in WEBAPIK is systematically extracted and aggregated from 80 heterogeneous online literature resources, including 7 books, 15 weblogs and tutorial, 5 vendor white papers, 6 design standards, and 47 research papers. These resources are systematically retrieved from two search engines of Google and Google Scholar and five research databases of Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, SpringerLink, and ScienceDirect in two periods of March to August 2018 and August 2022. WEBAPIK gathers and structures expert and scholarly discussions to provide insight about addressing non-functional requirements in the design of web APIs. The structure brought to the design knowledge makes it amenable towards extension and creates the potential for employing it in the database of knowledge-based systems that aid software developers in design decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the design, development, and testing of an interactive planning tool for urban-wetland systems. The tool targets initial architectural and urban design stages, enabling a broader understanding of natural-urban synergies, ecosystem services, and sustainable systemic design strategies for water management, energy efficiency, on-site food production, community, coastal protection, and security. Targeting a test study site in Queensland, Australia, this paper aims to establish proof of concept for the tool algorithm used to calculate quantitative values for each sub-system and two novel system assessment criteria: 'fair share' (FS) and benefit cost (BC) ratio. The FS criterion is based on the permaculture FS ethical principle and tracks system diversity, resilience, and self-sustenance. The BC criterion builds on cost-benefit valuation methods but includes non-market values, providing a holistic assessment of system costs and benefits, including ecosystem services. Good practise (GP) and best practise (BP) design scenarios are developed for this study site and compared against a business-as-usual (BAU) case. Results demonstrate the relevance of FS and BC as assessment criteria to aid in the development of sustainable designs. Compared to the BAU scenario, the GP and BP scenario BC ratios increased 12 and 14 times, respectively. Yearly cost of living reductions for GP were equivalent to 26,990 AUD per site inhabitant, with BP resulting in a negative yearly cost of living (a yearly benefit equivalent to 6420 AUD per site inhabitant). The use of the FS and BC assessment criteria and tool highlights a potential new approach to planning and development processes, integrating aspects currently omitted within planning requirements and assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Cyber physical systems are complex systems to build and implement, electronic devices and concepts such as the energy saving, the user comfort and the privacy of sensitive data. In the physical world, buildings represent a major part of total energy consumption, that's why improving the energy efficiency levels of buildings is topical by which the emergence of smart buildings. Since, even if efforts are being made in normalizing the process of energy saving management while maintaining a high level of users' comfort, managing the access control in smart buildings systems remains an ad‐hoc process. This is why a number of researches focus on the design and implementation of solutions aimed at covering the process of access control management. In the context of developing a smart building application, already developed in our laboratory, we have set up an access control management system to manage users' access. We present the design of an access control architecture, using the Unified Modeling Language, upon the smart building application which is the subject of a maintenance work. The designed solution is implemented with the purpose of evolving the application to be used by multiple users. The implemented access control solution is an extended role‐based access control model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]