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The article deals with the functioning of unofficial anthroponyms in Sergiusz Piasecki’s criminal trilogy. The author collected 49 anthroponyms. The analysis included assigning the anthroponyms into categories on the basis of their motivation and word formation. The present paper demonstrated that unofficial anthroponyms perform several functions in the prose of Sergiusz Piasecki, including: identification and differentiation of characters, pragmatic and social functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

W artykule autorka analizuje język filmowych postaci – Barbie i Kena – w filmie Barbie w reż. Grety Gerwig. Analizie poddaje polską wersję językową (dubbing). Autorka przyjmuje, że język wypowiedzi filmowych postaci jest jednym z elementów tworzących ich stereotyp. W przypadku Barbie i Kena jest to istotne, ponieważ obie postaci są ikonami kultury i mają swój stereotypowy wizerunek znany w wielu kulturach. Jednocześnie są przedstawicielami określonej grupy kobiet i mężczyzn, dlatego też można analizowane wypowiedzi rozpatrywać jako biolekt (wariant języka uzależniony od płci) oraz socjolekt (wariant języka charakterystyczny dla określonej grupy społecznej). Ponieważ wypowiedzi Barbie i Kena są przerysowane, należy patrzeć na nie jak na stylizację. Zostawiają one też szerokie pole do interpretacji. Film może być bowiem uważany za ośmieszenie ruchu feministycznego, jak i ośmieszenie porządku opartego na dominacji mężczyzn. Może też być traktowany jako głos kobiet, a także mężczyzn w walce o równe prawa.

Sociolects, as social varieties of language, should be classified and described on the basis of both linguistic and sociological criteria. In practice, however, most often only either the first one (e.g. according to Antoni Furdal and Danuta Buttler) or the second one is used (e.g. according to Aleksander Wilkoń and Tomasz Piekot). Both these criteria are less frequently combined (Stanisław Grabias). The article proposes those aspects of the sociological and linguistic functioning of language varieties that should be used by sociolinguistics especially in the characterisation of sociolects, but also in their typology. The sociological criteria include: the type of contacts in the group (including contacts made via the Internet), the degree of group formalisation, the durability of the group and the type of bond that binds the group together. Among the linguistic criteria the following were distinguished: nomination and expressiveness, the method of acquiring a sociolect and the degree of its codification and the rank of the linguistic norm. The article also clarifies the concept of the distinguishing features of the sociolectic vocabulary [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artykuł – zgodnie z zapowiedzią sformułowaną w tytule – poświęcono socjolektowi młodzieży, rozpatrywanemu w kontekście nauczania języka polskiego jako obcego, drugiego, odziedziczonego. Wyraźnie wzrastająca w ostatnim czasie liczba cudzoziemców kształcących się w szkołach i na uczelniach w Polsce skłoniła autorów do sprawdzenia, w jakim zakresie wskazana odmiana polszczyzny obecna jest w podręcznikach kursowych przeznaczonych dla tej grupy odbiorców. Autorzy omawiają istotne cechy młodomowy i odnoszą się do dotychczasowych ustaleń badaczy. Zwracają uwagę na trudności związane z uwzględnianiem tych treści w praktyce glottodydaktycznej; mimo wszystko jednak takie działania uważają za koniecznie z uwagi na socjalizującą funkcję slangu młodzieżowego i jego doniosłą rolę w kształtowaniu tożsamości młodych ludzi.

The article concerns the history of Polish criminal jargon. The author presented 68 names of thieves. He extracted linguistic material from 19th‑century texts, but some of the collected units are much older. The author presented the provenance of the names and characterized the material in formal and semantic terms. The author drew attention to the territorial diversity of names – their functioning in the speech of criminals operating in different partitions and their fate after the unification of various parts of Poland. Among the names discussed are, for example: andrus, klawiszarz, pajęczeniarz, szpringer, marwicher, jold.

The article attempts to organize the terminology and concepts related to the social varieties of the Polish language. It has a special focus on establishing the relations between hobbyist varieties and professional and other social varieties. Discussed are the best-known classifications of sociolects (focusing on the typologies of Aleksander Wilkoń and Stanisław Grabias) and the relationship between professional varieties and other social varieties. The division of sociolects into environmental varieties and professiolects (with two sub- varieties: professional, which also includes scientific varieties, and hobbyist varieties) was established. The examples of several specific sociolects show the difficulty and sometimes the inability to determine strict boundaries between different types of sociolects. The transitory, mixed nature of varieties mainly concerns hobbyist sociolects, whereas the status of adolescent varieties in relation to the student variety appears, on the basis of the findings so far, as unclear and requiring new research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Celem artykułu jest scharakteryzowanie socjolektu warszawskich miłośników komunikacji miejskiej ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem leksyki i frazeologii. Autor dokonuje opisu grupy osób zainteresowanych transportem zbiorowym jako wspólnoty komunikacyjnej, analizuje cechy formalne stosowanego przez nich socjolektu, a ponadto przedstawia stosowane przez nich określenia w uporządkowaniu mającym na celu odtworzyć właściwy dla nich językowy obraz świata, obejmujący pojazdy komunikacji miejskiej, elementy wyposażenia pojazdów, nazwy linii, określenia miejsc i osób, a także zdarzeń związanych z komunikacją miejską.

STYLIZATION FOR THE LANGUAGE OF WARSAW CHAVS IN THE CARTOON BLOK EKIPA The article presents the linguistic stylization for the sociolect of young people living in blocks of flats (chavs) in the adult cartoon entitled Blok ekipa [“Blok of flats – crew”]. The language of the protagonists imitates both elements typical of subcultures and colloquial Polish language: expression, vulgarization, slang and prison vocabulary, as well as language of domination and aggression. In addition, the language of the cartoon characters reflects negligent pronunciation (phonetic, inflectional, dialectisms). Furthermore, the elements that make the series attractive are original comparative structures. The stylization covers almost all levels of the language system (phonetics, inflection, word formation, lexis) and stylistics. Moreover, all the above-mentioned exponents are deliberately cumulated, so the type of stylization in the cartoon might be perceived as reconstructive-manneristic.

Meals are commonly known to be a crucial element of life, culture and interpersonal relationships in the Italian Peninsula. In Italian dictionaries of phraseology, idiomatic expressions representing names of culinary items constitute the vast majority of entries. This is a sign of the importance of meals, also considered as feasting together and the centrism of Italian food. As the cultural component is an integral element of language education at an academic level, Italian culinary items as components of idiomatic and fixed expressions in Vatican culinary items related to culturally rooted habits and secular Catholic rituals will be analyzed. The study presented in the paper aims at: i) clarifying the sociolect specifics of the Vatican clergy and kitchen staff members; ii) determining the importance of food in the socio-cultural reality of the Vatican as a type of a cultural code and an element of the regional/national culture; iii) emphasizing the essence of semantic and lexical problems related to food in academic intercultural didactics, e.g. a specialization proseminar in linguistics or translation studies, or the university instructor's own thematic seminar on culinary matters in Italy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the linguistic stylization for the sociolect of young people living in blocks of flats (chavs) in the adult cartoon entitled Blok ekipa ["Blok of flats - crew"]. The language of the protagonists imitates both elements typical of subcultures and colloquial Polish language: expression, vulgarization, slang and prison vocabulary, as well as language of domination and aggression. In addition, the language of the cartoon characters reflects negligent pronunciation (phonetic, inflectional, dialectisms). Furthermore, the elements that make the series attractive are original comparative structures. The stylization covers almost all levels of the language system (phonetics, inflection, word formation, lexis) and stylistics. Moreover, all the above-mentioned exponents are deliberately cumulated, so the type of stylization in the cartoon might be perceived as reconstructive-manneristic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of the article is fluctuations in the notation of some newer verbal borrowings from English. The main issue is the formulation of normative recommendations which concern the spelling of verbs which in the original notation end with a silent e. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Socjolingwistyka is the property of Instytut Jezyka Polskiego PAN and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The hobby cultivation of cacti in Poland dates back to the 19th century, but it flourished most in the 1930s and 1960s. The language of cactus growers has developed in two official and colloquial varieties, in both of which official botanical terminology predominates. In the colloquial variety, jargon synonyms often appear. They are created by morphological derivation (decomposition and suffixation); less often, they are usually created by semantic derivation. Imagery and collocations are carriers of the linguistic image of cacti, which appear to cactus growers as being immature and requiring care, like children (there is a similar image of plants in Polish dialects). Women are mainly responsible for the evolution of this emotional sociolect variant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tekst i Dyskurs is the property of University of Warsaw and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Socjolingwistyka is the property of Instytut Jezyka Polskiego PAN and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Lodzkiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Slowianskiej is the property of Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Slavic Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The sociolinguistic status of Surzhyk The paper presents the phenomenon of Surzhyk as a specific mixed sociolect in Ukrainian-Russian bilingualism. The first part describes the process of the rise of Surzhyk as a result of the expansion of Russian on Ukrainian, and the difficulties one encounters when classifying the term within the theory of language contact. The second part focuses on the current social attitude toward the phenomenon, and the role played by the media in the shaping of the social opinion regarding the competition of public use languages in the Ukraine. The summary contains a prognosis of the development and/or functioning of the phenomenon in practice.

The paper presents the phenomenon of Surzhyk as a specific mixed sociolect in Ukrainian-Russian bilingualism. The first part describes the process of the rise of Surzhyk as a result of the expansion of Russian on Ukrainian, and the difficulties one encounters when classifying the term within the theory of language contact. The second part focuses on the current social attitude toward the phenomenon, and the role played by the media in the shaping of the social opinion regarding the competition of public use languages in the Ukraine. The summary contains a prognosis of the development and/or functioning of the phenomenon in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Respectus Philologicus is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Slowianskiej is the property of Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Slavic Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Respectus Philologicus is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)