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This article intends to bring new contributions to the sociological analysis of book reading in Portugal. Through extensive research, using data from Eurobarometer (2007, 2013) and IEFA (2007, 2011 and 2016), we have sought to situate Portugal in the eu context and, subsequently, to deepen the analysis of the evolution of book reading practices in the country. The results show that Portugal has one of the lowest rates in the European framework, which is part of a clear downward trend, thus reversing the growth that had been noted in previous studies. It can also be concluded that this decrease mainly affects the younger population with a high level of education, which shows differences between the various generational cohorts that should continue to be monitored in future research., Este artigo pretende trazer novos contributos para a análise sociológica da leitura de livros em Portugal. Através de uma pesquisa extensiva, recorrendo a dados do Eurobarómetro (2007, 2013) e do IEFA (2007, 2011 e 2016), procurou-se, num primeiro momento, situar Portugal no contexto da ue e, posteriormente, aprofundar a análise da evolução das práticas de leitura de livros no país. Os resultados revelam que Portugal apresenta uma das mais baixas taxas no quadro europeu, a qual se inscreve numa evidente tendência de decréscimo, invertendo-se assim o crescimento que vinha sendo assinalado em estudos anteriores. Conclui-se, ainda, que esse decréscimo atinge sobretudo a população mais jovem e com escolaridade elevada, o que evidencia diferenças entre as várias coortes geracionais que importa continuar a acompanhar em futuras pesquisas.

Based on the research in the field of psychology of reading, sociology of reading, psycholinguistics, literature studies and methodology of teaching literature from the beginning of the 19th century to present day, the article clarifies the mechanisms of how a school reader perceives a literary text, which then logically leads to an understanding as to why teens dislike Russian classical literature. The relevance of systematizing scientific theses on this subject is determined by the critical situation in terms of reading and understanding literature books from the school program both in Russia and abroad. A wide range of materials (materials of international conferences, research reports by PIRLS and PISA, FIPI (Federal Institute for Educational Measurements) reports based on the results of the EGE (Unified State Exam), Russian and foreign works) helped form a list of issues viewed as problematic by the scientific and pedagogical community: low motivation of school students towards reading school-program literature; forming “skimming” and “fragment” types of reading, and the like. The studies of sociology of reading are interpreted in the article from the point of view of psychology of reading and psycholinguistics that explain the mechanisms of perceiving and understanding a text. What is taken into consideration is the subjective experience and the proximity of the consciousness of the reader and the author of the text. The studies of personality psychology and developmental psychology, theory and history of literature also contributed to shifting the focus of the issue. Thus, visualization of culture, the influence of the Internet, the lack of popularity of reading in a society etc. that were previously referred to as reasons why teenagers do not like reading, are now regarded as merely consequences, as stated in the article. These are results of how certain cognitive mechanisms that in charge of a literary text perception work. Systematized scientific knowledge gives a deeper understanding of the problematic field over the period of time and in its current state, and of methods and approaches to treating the issue. It also helps define a number of mandatory conditions for the development of a school reader in the digital age.

Благодарности: выражаю благодарность своему научному руководителю Новгородцевой А. Н. за ценные советы при планировании и проведении исследования. Acknowledgments: I express my gratitude to my supervisor Novgorodtseva A. N. for valuable advice in planning and conducting research. В статье приводятся результаты проведения дневникового исследования практик чтения книг среди молодежи г. Екатеринбург (собрано 8 дневников), в рамках которого проведено сравнение практик чтения книг с чтением интернет-контента, в частности на уровне эмоциональной вовлеченности, выбора ситуативности или «тотальности» практики. The article presents the results of a diary study of book reading practices among young people in Yekaterinburg (8 diaries were collected) and a comparison of book reading practices with Internet-reading, in particular, at the level of emotional involvement, the choice of “situational” or “total” practices.

This research paper focuses on publishers’ personal readings, i.e. readings made in their free time, in the case of publishers of contemporary literature in France. The aim is to examine the reading practices of these book professionals, who are also assimilated to professionals in reading, or even literature, by asking themselves what they like to read, and by questioning their relationship to reading and literature. The research focuses on the way in which contemporary literature publishers use the reading they do in their free time to legitimize their status as "reading professionals", given the publishing house in which they work, and more broadly the professional world in which they evolve. It turns out that these publishers consider contemporary literature as secondary to the canonized literature of the "classics" of literature. In their discourses on their personal tastes in terms of reading, they appeal in particular to these "classics" as a distinction between their professional and personal readings. An alternately deteriorated and enchanted representation of the profession is implied by these professionals who developed a passion and vocation late in their careers for the publishing profession. Thus, through these discourses carried by publishers on their readings, they define a professional ethos inscribed in literature rather than in business, in the innate rather than in the product, defining themselves above all as literature professionals.; Le présent mémoire de recherche se concentre sur les lectures personnelles, à savoir les lectures effectuées durant leur temps libre, par les éditeurs et éditrices de littérature contemporaine en France. Il s’agit de s’interroger sur les pratiques de lectures que peuvent avoir ces professionnels du livre, également assimilés à des professionnels de la lecture, voire de la littérature, en se demandant ce qu’ils aiment lire, et en questionnant leur rapport à la lecture et à la littérature. La recherche s’articule autour de la manière dont les éditeurs de littérature contemporaine se servent des lectures qu’ils font durant leur temps libre pour légitimer leur statut de « professionnel de la lecture », compte tenu de la maison d’édition dans laquelle ils exercent, et plus largement du monde professionnel dans lequel ils évoluent. Il s’avère que ces éditeurs jugent la littérature contemporaine comme secondaire face à une littérature canonisée qu’est celle des « classiques » de la littérature. Dans leurs discours sur leurs goûts personnels en termes de lecture, ils en appellent notamment à ces « classiques », comme distinction entre leurs lectures professionnelles de leurs lectures personnelles. Une représentation tour à tour détériorée et enchantée du métier se laisse sous-entendre par ces professionnels qui ont développé une passion et vocation tardive dans leurs parcours pour le métier d’éditeur. Ainsi, par ces discours portés par les éditeurs sur leurs lectures, ces derniers définissent un éthos professionnel inscrit dans la littérature plutôt que dans le commerce, dans l’inné plutôt que dans le produit, en se définissant avant tout comme des professionnels de la littérature.

В статье рассматриваются механизмы восприятия художественного текста подростками, объясняющие закономерный характер нелюбви к чтению русской классики., Based on the research in the field of psychology of reading, sociology of reading, psycholinguistics, literature studies and methodology of teaching literature from the beginning of the 19th century to present day,the article clarifies the mechanisms of how a school reader perceives a literary text, which then logically leads to an understanding as to why teens dislike Russian classical literature. The relevance of systematizing scientific theses on this subject is determined by the critical situation in terms of reading and understanding literature books from the school program both in Russia and abroad., Филологический класс, Issue Т. 25, № 2, Pages 247-257

The study is dedicated to the impact of the speed and the acceleration on the preservation of the information equilibrium and the ability for critical thinking in the active person. The methods about the fast reading training are subjected to a critical analysis. On the grounds of the theory for the information equilibrium and the philosophy of the slow media, is derived the relation “slow reading – information equilibrium”. “Information equilibrium” is defined as “imposed by the information environment for natural and sufficient satisfaction of the individual needs, in the conditions of relative freedom.” It is supported the thesis about the rethinking of the positives of the fast reading and the rehabilitation and active promotion of the universal literacy in slow reading. The need of promoting the slow reading in the context of the requirements for urgent mass training on information literacy and for critical thinking at times of misinformation, fake news and post-truth has been empirically drawn and grounded. The author's suggestion is to move to a stratified and subordinate redefinition of the goals of the information and the media literacy. The idea is to develop a standard for “profiled” or “niche” information literacy – for each category of person (age, professional) to be written the relevant “maximum program” that does not exceed the rational and the advisable towards their potential. Keywords: reading, fast reading, psychology of reading, sociology of reading, information equilibrium, information disbalance, information literacy, media skills, misinformation, slow media, librarian as filter.

International audience; The actuality of the research is justified by the lack of serious scientific, social and politically engaged interest in the subject of books and reading among prisoners, which could reflect on the whole society, with negative consequences. This topic has been neglected even at state level in the former socialist camp. A comprehensive picture of the reading in the penitentiary establishments in the world is absent. There is no empirical study on the reading in the places of imprisonment in Bulgaria after the end of the totalitarian period (after 1989). A research interest of the library keepers and of the experts from the public libraries to the problems of the reading in the prison libraries is absent. The aim of the study is to answer the question what is the level of the readers activity in the prisons in Bulgaria and what are the perceived material needs of the prison libraries to meet the reading right of the prisoners. The subject of the study is the access to books and libraries in Bulgarian prisons and the accompanying risk of information discrimination of the prisoner – the feeling of intellectual isolation from the books, the world is reading. Subject of a direct interest is the right of happiness through reading and the opportunities for the welfare of the imprisoned reader. For the first time, a recap of the status of the prison libraries and the readers activity among prisoners in Bulgaria after the democratic changes of 1990 to 2015 is presented. Keywords: right to read, prison reading, access to books in prison, prison library, psychology of readers, sociology of reading.

The actuality of the research is justified by the lack of serious scientific, social and politically engaged interest in the subject of books and reading among prisoners, which could reflect on the whole society, with negative consequences.This topic has been neglected even at state level in the former socialist camp.A comprehensive picture of the reading in the penitentiary establishments in the world is absent. There is no empirical study on the reading in the places of imprisonment in Bulgaria after the end of the totalitarian period (after 1989). A research interest of the library keepers and of the experts from the public libraries to the problems of the reading in the prison libraries is absent. The aim of the study is to answer the question what is the level of the readers activity in the prisons in Bulgaria and what are the perceived material needs of the prison libraries to meet the reading right of the prisoners.The subject of the study is the access to books and libraries in Bulgarian prisons and the accompanying risk of information discrimination of the prisoner – the feeling of intellectual isolation from the books, the world is reading. Subject of a direct interest is the right of happiness through reading and the opportunities for the welfare of the imprisoned reader. For the first time, a recap of the status of the prison libraries and the readers activity among prisoners in Bulgaria after the democratic changes of 1990 to 2015 is presented. Keywords: penitentiary law; prisoners' rights; right to read; prison reading; access to books in prison; prison library; psychology of readers; sociology of reading

International audience; The subject of this article are the factors and reasons for the bad results in reading of the Bulgarian 15-year-old students in PISA’s international studies. The reference points of the analysis are the critical results from the last four studies – 2000, 2006, 2009 and 2012. The aim of this analysis is to bring up for discussion unformulated topics and reading angles which have not been covered, which may explain the reason for the critical results in reading, including in the European Union as a whole. The goals of the report are to look for arguments and evidence in communication theory, in the conclusions of sociological studies and to summarize the factors which may lessen the ongoing preoccupation with “mass non-reading” or the “drop in reader’s literacy”. Eight reasons for the critical state of reading literacy have been drawn: 1) basic illiteracies which stem from the incorrect attitude towards reading as a cultural technology; 2) the stereotype “book = literature”; 3) the stereotype “book = paper”; 4) helplessness of sociological tools; 5) the manipulative side of reading; 6) the harmful side of reading; 7) reading mutations; 8) the erroneous statement “Young people do not read”. The scientists are presented with proposals to concentrate on two academic points: “Theory and practice of reading” classes on each educational level and focusing research efforts to improve readership culture of adults, including development of the so called “Acmeology of reading”.; Объектом статьи являются факторы и причины плохих результатов в чтении болгарских 15-летних школьниках в международных исследованиях PISA. Начальной точкой анализа являются критические результаты последних четыре исследований – 2000, 2006, 2009 и 2012 г. Цель анализа состоит в том, чтобы поставить на обсуждение темы и незатронутые ракурсы чтения, в которых могут прятаться причины критических результатов грамотности чтения, в том числе всего Европейского Союза. Заданиями статьи являются: поиск аргументов и доказательств в коммуникационной теории, в выводах социологических обследовании, а так же и обобщение факторов, которые могли бы облегчить нескончаемое беспокойство по поводу „массового не чтения“ или „коллапса в читательской грамотности“. Выявлены восемь причин критического состояния грамотности чтения: 1) Основная неграмотность в результате плохого отношение к чтению, как культурная технология; 2) Клише „книга = литература“; 3) Клише „книга = бумага“; 4) Беспомощность социологических инструментов; 5) манипулятивная сторона чтения; 6) приносящая вреду сторона чтения; 7) мутации чтения; 8) искаженное утверждение „Молодые люди не читают“. Формированы предложения к ученым сконцентрироваться на двух академических ракурсах: на обучении „Теория и практика чтения“ на каждом уровне образования, и на том, как направить научно-исследовательскую работу на усовершенствование культуры чтения взрослых, в том числе на развитие так называемой „Акмеологии чтения“.

This dissertation discourses about the relation between the literature and the user of a virtual social network and deepen the discussion on the influence of virtual tools in the relationship between readers and books. More specifically, this work approaches concept and objective of the Brazilian social networking sites focused on literature and their functionalities and consequences for their users. The objective was to verify if Skoob, the largest site of Brazilian social network focused on literature, can function as legitimizing instance of literary works. For this reason, grounded on quantitative and qualitative questionnaires applied to the users of the sites, the Skoobers, which revealed, among other aspects, their literary preferences, the process of choosing new readings and forms of consumption of the books, and based by the Sociology of Reading, theory that has as its study center the literary text reader, the work discussed about the process of legitimation of literary works and the participation of the Skoob user and reader in it. The research provided a current view on Skoob's relationship with the academic literary environment, which showed possible changes in the legitimation process of literary works and the influence of publishers, consequently of the market, on that system. A presente dissertação discorre sobre a relação da literatura com o usuário de uma rede social virtual e aprofunda a discussão sobre a influência das ferramentas virtuais na relação entre leitores e os livros. Mais especificamente, este trabalho aborda conceito e objetivo dos sites de redes sociais brasileiros focados em literatura, e suas funcionalidades e consequências para seus usuários. O objetivo foi verificar se o Skoob, o maior site de rede social brasileiro focado em literatura, pode funcionar como instância de legitimação de obras literárias. Para isso, fundamentado em questionários quantitativos e qualitativos aplicados ao público utilizador dos sites, os Skoobers, que revelaram, entre outros aspectos, as preferências literárias, a construção do ethos na internet, o processo de escolha de novas leituras e formas de consumo das obras, e embasado pela Sociologia da Leitura, teoria que tem como centro de seus estudos o leitor do texto literário, o trabalho debateu acerca do processo de legitimação de obras literárias e a participação do leitor usuário do Skoob nele. A pesquisa proporcionou uma visão atual sobre a relação do Skoob com o ambiente literário acadêmico, o que mostrou possíveis mudanças no processo de legitimação de obras literárias e a influência das editoras, consequentemente do mercado, nesse sistema. 85 f

This study is the result of an investigation about the role played by reading mediators that are settled in public libraries and school libraries in the city of Cornélio Procópio, located in the North of Paraná, bringing to the center of discussion the importance of this space as a place of readers' formation. The hypothesis of this work was that, in libraries, the practices of reading development, in general, and literary development, specifically, occur in a scattered and often intuitive way. From a pilot study, conducted through the application of 20 questionnaires, both in public libraries and in school libraries, we detected a number of factors that hinder the work of reading mediators, as far as it concerns the democratization of access, reading promotion and formation of readers. Through the theoretical apparatus of the Sociology of Reading, we sought to extend the analysis to all state, private, municipal and public libraries of the city of Cornélio Procópio, with the goal of understanding the reality experienced by the city, with regard to whether or not there is a positive promotion of reading practices in these institutions, as well as understanding if the challenges faced by professionals of libraries come from the social environment in which they live, the lack of theoretical basis that lead them to intuitive practice, and/or failure of public policies and the incipient systematization of knowledge of the work being developed in the libraries. To make the research concrete, we conducted a study on the reader's view throughout history, on how this has become to be understood by the Sociology of Reading and by the reception theories, and on the importance of the mediator instance, more specifically, the library, and of the reading mediators in this paradigm shift. Likewise, we presented governmental programs and actions designed to promote reading in Brazil, in order to understand if indeed those measures bolster the mediators in their functions. The calculation of results showed that, among other difficulties, in all institutions analyzed, only a small number of mediators perform positive systematized reading practices. The works are made intuitively, since library professionals are unaware of the existence of public policies in municipal, state or federal level to assist them in their work. Also, the greatest challenges are experienced by libraries that depend on the city as a managing body of financial and human resources to support the exercise of the readers' formation. O presente estudo é o resultado de uma investigação sobre o papel desempenhado pelos mediadores de leitura que são lotados em bibliotecas públicas e escolares da cidade de Cornélio Procópio, situada no Norte do Paraná, trazendo para o centro da discussão a importância desse espaço como local de formação de leitores. A hipótese de trabalho foi de que, nas bibliotecas, as práticas de fomento à leitura de modo geral, e da literária, especificamente, se dão de modo disperso e, muitas vezes, intuitivo. A partir de um estudo piloto, realizado por meio da aplicação de 20 questionários, tanto nas bibliotecas públicas quanto nas escolares, detectamos uma série de fatores que dificultam o trabalho dos mediadores de leitura quanto à democratização do acesso, fomento à leitura e formação de leitores. Por meio do aparato teórico da Sociologia da leitura, buscamos estender a análise para todas as escolas estaduais, particulares, municipais e bibliotecas públicas da cidade de Cornélio Procópio, com o intuito de compreendermos a realidade vivenciada pelo Município, no que se refere à existência ou não de práticas positivas de fomento à leitura nestas instituições, bem como se os desafios encontrados pelos profissionais das bibliotecas são oriundos do entorno social em que estão inseridos, da falta de subsídios teóricos, que os levam à práxis intuitiva, e/ou da insuficiência de políticas públicas e da incipiente sistematização do conhecimento do trabalho a ser desenvolvido nas bibliotecas. Para a concretização da pesquisa, fizemos um estudo sobre a visão do leitor no decorrer da história, como este passou a ser compreendido a partir da Sociologia da leitura e das teorias da recepção, e a importância das instâncias mediadoras, especificamente, a biblioteca, e dos mediadores de leitura nesta mudança de paradigmas. Outrossim, apresentamos programas e ações governamentais criados em prol da leitura no Brasil, com o intuito de compreendermos se de fato estes amparam os mediadores em suas funções. A apuração dos resultados apontou, dentre outras dificuldades, que em todas as instituições analisadas, apenas uma pequena parcela dos mediadores realiza práticas sistematizadas de leitura, os trabalhos são feitos de modo intuitivo, pois os profissionais das bibliotecas não têm conhecimento da existência de políticas públicas a nível municipal, estadual ou federal que os auxiliem em seus trabalhos, e que os maiores desafios são vivenciados pelas bibliotecas que dependem do Município como órgão gerenciador de recursos financeiros e humanos para subsidiar o exercício da formação de leitores. 139 f

O artigo discute questões relativas à prática de leitura de seis leitores assíduos oriundos do meio rural, dando ênfase à análise dos acervos particulares e aos meios e modos de ler. A abordagem que se estabelece advém do resultado de uma pesquisa realizada com base nos pressupostos teóricos vinculados à história da leitura e nas proposições do historiador Roger Chartier, e aos conceitos da sociologia da leitura e da cultura discutidos por Bernard Lahire. Através da análise dos acervos particulares, classificados a partir das esferas de circulação social, identificaram-se os temas de maior interesse dos leitores, assim como modos de ler que revelam práticas de leituras silenciosas e extensivas. This article discusses issues related to the reading practice of six assiduous readers coming from rural areas; emphasis is given to the analysis of private collections and the means and ways of reading. The approach derives from the results of a survey based on theoretical assumptions related to the history of reading and the propositions by historian Roger Chartier, and the concepts of the sociology of reading and culture discussed by Bernard Lahire. Through the analysis of the private collections, classified according to the spheres of social circulation, the topics of greatest interest to the readers were identified, as well as modes of reading which revealed silent and extensive reading practices. El artículo discute temas relativos a la práctica de lectura de seis lectores asiduos oriundos del medio rural, dando énfasis al análisis de los acervos particulares y a los medios y modos de leer. El abordaje que se establece proviene del resultado de una investigación realizada en base a las presuposiciones teóricas vinculadas a la historia de la lectura y en las proposiciones del historiador Roger Chartier, así como a los conceptos de la sociología de la lectura y la cultura discutidos por Bernard Lahire. A través del análisis de los acervos particulares, clasificados a partir de las esferas de circulación social, se identificaron los temas de mayor interés de los lectores, así como modos de leer que revelan prácticas de lecturas silenciosas y extensivas.

En este artículo, propongo revisar las premisas y los modelos teóricos que abordan los procesos de recepción literaria. Con el interés de revisar aquellos caminos que resultaron poco conducentes en la investigación de la lectura, intento desmontar una serie de prejuicios que, de manera implícita, la condicionan y planteo una serie de interrogantes y cuestionamientos que tiendan a su superación. Sobre esta base, ensayo una reconceptualización de la lectura orientada a incorporar la dimensión subjetiva, un aspecto poco atendido en estos estudios. Mi hipótesis es que cualquier lectura puede instalar un diálogo subjetivo capaz de producir una transformación personal y que esta posibilidad no depende tiránicamente de la obra sino también del lector y de la manera en la se produce el encuentro con el texto. Finalmente, propongo una secuencia de ejes de entrevista que aspira a hacer emerger los procesos subjetivos articulados por la lectura. In this article, I propose to review the assumptions and theoretical models that address the processes of literary reception. Reviewing those approaches to reading research that result less productive, I attempt to delineate a number of prejudices that implicitly condition it, and pose a series of questions designed to overcome them. On this basis, I trial a reconceptualization of reading oriented towards incorporating the subjective dimension, a neglected aspect of those studies. My hypothesis is that any reading can set up a subjective dialogue capable of producing personal transformation, and that this possibility depends not tyrannically on the work, but also on the reader and the way in which the text is approached. Finally, I propose a sequence of interview dimensions that aim to bring out the subjective processes articulated by reading. Fil: Papalini, Vanina Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad; Argentina

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:47:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lisiane Sias Manke_Tese.pdf: 37056350 bytes, checksum: 16981f8ac8ab45d83f6cf1a24e740f2c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-09 The theme of this thesis is the study of the trajectories of readers who come from the rural area; its main objective is to understand the development of reading practices through the analysis of individual structures, by investigating: a) the social circumstances of the past which contributed in the process of incorporating reading inclination.; b) the means and the modes of reading and the reading appropriation of six rural actors. The theoretical tenets which guided the analysis are related to the history of reading studies, regarding the proposals of Roger Chartier, and the sociology of reading and the culture concepts discussed by Bernard Lahire. The investigation was performed with individuals living in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul State, known in their locale as assiduous readers. They are six readers, four men and two women born and raised in the rural area, over 70 years old, with poor schooling and daily reading in a non-professional way. The methodological approach is related to the proposal of sociology on an individual scale, in which the individual must be deeply investigated, to apprehend the inner plurality of unique individuals. Thus, from four to six interviews were taken profoundly with each one of the readers investigated. The analysis of these readers trajectories made possible the outline of an image of reading practices in the social world, evincing the reader as unique individual in the social field, pervaded by sociability relations which constitute him. In doing so, this research results demonstrated that different instances of socialization contribute to the process of incorporating reading inclination, and that the readers experience different relations with reading during their life trajectory, by being subordinated to internal forces (inclinations) and to external forces (contexts) which interfere in action. Considering the modes of reading, the analysis evinced silent and extensive reading practices, i.e., lonely and silent readings of a significant number of texts, except the reading practice of a Bible reader . Referring to the modes of appropriation of texts, it was possible to notice some ethic-pratical inclinations, in which one may assume participation, identification with the read text, related to a sociohistorical identity of the readers. Esta tese tem como tema o estudo da trajetória de leitores oriundos do meio rural, com o objetivo principal de compreender o desenvolvimento das práticas de leitura através da análise das estruturas individuais, ao investigar: a) as circunstâncias sociais do passado que contribuíram no processo de incorporação da disposição à leitura; b) os meios e os modos de ler e a apropriação da leitura de seis atores rurais. Os pressupostos teóricos que nortearam a análise estão vinculados aos estudos da história da leitura, a partir do que propõe o historiador Roger Chartier, e aos conceitos da sociologia da leitura e da cultura, discutidos por Bernard Lahire. A investigação foi realizada com indivíduos moradores na região sul do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, reconhecidos na localidade onde residem como leitores assíduos. Trata-se de seis leitores, quatro homens e duas mulheres, que nasceram e cresceram no meio rural, possuem pouca escolarização, têm mais de 70 anos de idade, e leem cotidianamente, de forma não profissional. O aporte metodológico esteve vinculado à proposta da sociologia à escala individual, na qual o indivíduo deve ser investigado profundamente, de modo a apreender a pluralidade interna dos indivíduos singulares. Sendo assim, foram realizadas de quatro a seis entrevistas em profundidade com cada um dos leitores investigados. Ao analisar a trajetória destes leitores foi possível esboçar uma imagem das práticas de leitura no mundo social, evidenciando o leitor como indivíduo singular no campo social, permeado por relações de sociabilidade que o constituem. Neste sentido, os resultados desta pesquisa demonstraram que diferentes instâncias de socialização contribuem no processo de incorporação da disposição leitora, e que os leitores vivenciam diferentes relações com a leitura durante a trajetória de vida, por estarem submetidos a forças interna (disposições) e a forças externas (contextos) que interferem na ação. Em relação às maneiras de ler, a análise evidenciou práticas de leitura silenciosas e extensivas, ou seja, leituras solitárias e em silêncio, de um significativo número de textos, com exceção da prática de leitura de uma leitora da Bíblia . Ao que se refere aos modos de apropriação dos textos, foi possível perceber disposições ético-práticas, nas quais se pressupõe uma participação, uma identificação com o texto lido, vinculada a identidade sócio-histórica dos leitores.

[ES] El trabajo Estudio de la lectura en discursos legislativos y medios de comunicación social (1960-2010) recoge el estudio de discursos públicos sobre lectura basado en las noticias de los periódicos El Mundo, ABC y El País y los textos legislativos publicados en el BOE. El análisis se basa en los estudios de las frecuencias seleccionando aquellos términos más relevantes para el tema objeto de estudio y que permiten observar la evolución de los discursos públicos a lo largo del periodo estudiado. Asimismo se revisa la evolución del concepto de lectura a lo largo de la historia y se aporta información acerca de las cuestiones directamente relacionadas con la lectura como es el canon literario, su relación con la formación así como los nuevos soportes de lectura, [EN] This work, Study reading speeches and legislative social media (1960-2010), includes the study of public discourse on news-based reading of newspapers El Mundo, ABC and El País and legislative texts published in the BOE. The analysis is based on studies of the frequency selecting those terms most relevant to the subject under study and that reflect the evolution of public discourse throughout the period studied. It also reviews the evolution of the concept of reading throughout history and provides information on issues directly related to reading as the literary canon, its relation to the formation of new media and reading

This study sought to identify the representations of reading and libraries in the minds of high school students from Guarapuava-PR. The research was guided by the Sociology of Reading, understood as an approach that enables the look on reading practices in relation to public spaces for reading and the reality in general basing mainly on prospects Escarpit (1974), Hauser (1977), Chartier (2009) e Monique Segré (2010). The representations of reading and libraries are crucial for thinking about the teaching of literature and education of the reader. Understanding the significance of reading and the space it occupied in society today is a basic condition for planning any kind of action aimed at promoting reading and educating readers. The aims were to investigate how the problems facing the reality of libraries interfere in the representations and compare the representations of reading among school library users with the municipal public library users in order to realize the commitment to the teaching / learning process (or lack thereof) involved in this representation. The results of this comparison is impossible due to homogenization of spaces, since the public library behaves actually like a school library. As part of the data analysis, there was a reading of some research data Portraits of Reading in Brazil (3rd edition), in order to investigate to what extent they relate to the local reality. In this aspect, the results showed that, in numerical terms, the reality of Guarapuava reproduces national statistics. The characterization of the representations was possible to see that the reading in the public imaginary studied, is seen as a link with the fiction (a recreational perspective) and link with reality (a utilitarian perspective and instructive). Libraries, in their turn, are absent from the horizon of many teenagers, these spaces appear when moving the ball from the sphere of interest to the bond. However, libraries, for many, remain a viable alternative for contact with books, avoiding disoriented looking and spending. Este trabalho procurou identificar as representações de leitura e de bibliotecas no imaginário de estudantes do ensino médio do município de Guarapuava-PR. A pesquisa orientou-se pela Sociologia da Leitura, entendida como uma abordagem que possibilita o olhar sobre as práticas de leitura em relação aos espaços públicos de leitura e à realidade de modo geral fundamentando-se principalmente nas perspectivas de Escarpit (1974), Hauser (1977), Chartier (2009) e Monique Segré (2010). As representações de leitura e de bibliotecas são fatores determinantes para se pensar o ensino de literatura e a formação do leitor. Compreender o significado da leitura e o espaço por ela ocupado hoje na sociedade é condição básica para o planejamento de qualquer tipo de ação voltada para a promoção da leitura e a formação de leitores. Os objetivos foram verificar de que modo os problemas enfrentados na realidade das bibliotecas interferem nas representações de leitura e bibliotecas e comparar as representações da leitura entre usuários da biblioteca escolar com as de usuários da biblioteca pública municipal, a fim de perceber se o comprometimento com o processo ensino/aprendizagem (ou sua ausência) intervém nessa representação. Os resultados impossibilitaram essa comparação devido a certa homogeneização dos espaços, uma vez que a biblioteca pública se comporta, na realidade, como uma biblioteca escolar. Como parte integrante da análise dos dados, realizou-se uma leitura de alguns dados da pesquisa Retratos da Leitura no Brasil (3ª edição), a fim de investigar em que medida se relacionam à realidade local. Nesse quesito, os resultados obtidos mostraram que, em termos numéricos, a realidade de Guarapuava reproduz as estatísticas nacionais. Na caracterização das representações foi possível perceber que a leitura, no imaginário do público estudado, é vista simultaneamente como elo com a ficção (numa perspectiva recreativa e gratuita) e elo com a realidade (numa perspectiva utilitarista e instrutiva). As bibliotecas, por sua vez, estão ausentes do horizonte de muitos adolescentes; estes espaços aparecem quando se desloca da esfera do interesse para a esfera da obrigação. Entretanto, as bibliotecas, para muitos, continuam sendo uma alternativa viável para o contato com os livros, evitando a procura desorientada e os gastos. 77 f

This thesis explores a particular phenomenon and tests the influence of consumer's and situation's characteristics on the decisional process applied to the choice of a novel in the retail shop. To address our problematic, we suggest a typology of the decisional processes that can be used while choosing a novel. These processes refer to different consumption phenomena: procrastination, loyalty, inertia, browsing, pre-purchase researches, mental mechanisms of decision making, influence of the packaging. We determine the variables that can affect these processes thanks to an empirical study based on bivariate and multivariate analyzes. This thesis allows us to investigate the editorial sector and enriches the researches on the situational factors by integrating all the situational variables indentified by Russell Belk.; Cette thèse analyse un phénomène précis et teste l'influence des caractéristiques du consommateur et de la situation sur le processus décisionnel utilisé lors du choix d'un roman sur le point de vente. Pour répondre à notre problématique, nous proposons une typologie des processus décisionnels utilisables lors du choix d'un roman qui renvoient à différents phénomènes de consommation : procrastination, fidélité, inertie, butinage, recherches préachats, mécanismes mentaux de prise de décision, influence du packaging. Nous déterminons les variables susceptibles d'influer sur ces derniers grâce à une étude empirique, reposant sur des analyses bivariées et multivariées. Notre thèse apporte des éléments d'analyse du secteur éditorial et enrichit les recherches sur les facteurs situationnels par l'intégration de l'ensemble des variables situationnelles identifiées par Russell Belk.

The publication in January 1992 of Annie Ernaux's Passion simple in the prestigious "Blanche" collection by Gallimard (translation : Simple Passion, Seven Stories Press, 1993) was accompanied in France by a violent critical controversy, all the more so as the book was a dazzling commercial success: 140,000 copies were sold in six weeks. In this autosociobiographical work, the unvarnished and unlyrical evocation of the "desentimentalized" affair of a fifty-year-old intellectual woman writer with a younger lover, a diplomat with a macho attitude, mingles with the recurring theme of the author, since her first book published in 1974 (Les Armoires vides ; translation : Cleaned out, Dalkey Archive Press, 1990), of the "popular" origins of the writer and of the effects of her upward displacement in the social space. Like the critical appropriations, the "ordinary" receptions of Simple PAssion, which I had the opportunity - rare, at least for a living author - to grasp through the study of the letters of the writer's male and female readers, appear to be very clearly marked by gendered dimorphism.A double analysis, quantitative and qualitative, was made of all the letters received and archived by the author on the occasion of the first publication of Simple Passion under the white cover in 1992 (a total of about 250 letters sent directly to the writer or addressed to her publisher), which Annie Ernaux kindly sent me. Statistically, the sociological objectification of the letters was made possible by the frequency with which the readers' letters contain precise references to their social properties, which their own attempt at self-analysis, often carried out in the letters, leads them regularly to specify in the letters they send to the writer.The approach adopted here sheds new light on the modalities, the mechanisms and the plural and equivocal issues at stake in the differentiated mechanisms of projective identification of readers of both sexes with an autobiographical text revealing certain aspects of the sexual intimacy of the author. After briefly recalling the most salient results of the statistical objectification of the letters received by the writer - relating essentially to the gender, age and level of education of the correspondents -, it is above all the conclusions of the qualitative analysis that I shall endeavour to specify here., La parution en janvier 1992 dans la prestigieuse collection « Blanche » chez Gallimard de Passion simple d’Annie Ernaux s’accompagne en France d’une violente controverse critique, d’autant plus vive que l’ouvrage connaît un succès commercial fulgurant : 140 000 exemplaires sont vendus en six semaines. Dans ce récit autosociobiographique , l'évocation sans fard ni lyrisme de la liaison « désentimentalisée » d'une intellectuelle quinquagénaire avec un amant plus jeune, diplomate aux comportements machistes, se mêle à celle, récurrente depuis le premier ouvrage publié en 1974 (Les Armoires vides), des origines « populaires » de l’écrivaine et des effets de son déplacement ascendant dans l’espace social. A l'instar des appropriations critiques, les réceptions « ordinaires » de Passion simple, que l’on a eu l’opportunité - rare, au moins pour un-e auteur-e vivant-e - de saisir au travers de l'étude du courrier des lecteur-rices de l'écrivaine, apparaissent très nettement marquées par le dimorphisme sexuel.On s’est livré à une double analyse, quantitative et qualitative, de la totalité des lettres reçues et archivées par l’auteur-e à l’occasion de la première parution de Passion simple sous la couverture blanche en 1992 (soit un total d’environ 250 missives expédiées directement à l'écrivaine ou adressées à son éditeur), qu’Annie Ernaux nous a aimablement transmises. Statistiquement, l’objectivation sociologique du courrier a été rendue possible en raison de la fréquence dans les lettres des lecteur-rices de mentions précises relatives à leurs propriétés sociales, que leur propre tentative d’autosocioanalyse souvent opérée dans les missives porte à spécifier régulièrement dans les courriers qu’elles/ils adressent à l’écrivaine.L’approche privilégiée ici fournit des éclairages nouveaux sur les modalités, les ressorts et les enjeux pluriels et équivoques des mécanismes différenciés d’identification projective de lecteurs des deux sexes à un texte autobiographique dévoilant certains aspects de l’intimité sexuelle de son auteure. Après avoir rappelé brièvement les résultats les plus saillants de l’objectivation statistique du courrier reçu par l'écrivaine - relatifs essentiellement au sexe, à l'âge et au niveau de diplôme des correspondant-es -, ce sont surtout les conclusions de l’analyse qualitative que nous nous attachons ici à préciser.

English Abstract: A reason for this research is the 70th anniversary from the death of the first theorist of the reading Nicolas A. Roubakine (23th of November 1946), with which expires the period of protection of the copyright on his works and their transition into the public domain. The real aim of the analysis is identification of the actual problems in the field of the mass communication and reading, which can be solved with the method of the bibliopsychology, created by Roubakine at the beginning of ХХth century. The methods answers to the requirements of theoretical study with application of the methods deduction and extrapolation in the system "problem-decision", accompanied by a secondary research conducted through selective monographic method, document method, scientific critics of sociological researches, secondary data analysis and overview of scientific publications, available in the libraries worldwide. They are lead fifteen sharply conflict zones in the sphere of the reading, those regulation and management requires bibliopsychological approach. During the process of the study are determined two unpopular contributions of N. Roubakine towards the theory of the communications – he creates the communication formula with “The 5 W“ decades before Harold Lasswell and formulates the method of bibliopsychological archeology a half century before the appearance of the discipline media archeology. The possibilities of the bibliopsychology aren’t still used, although it is a subject of study of other sciences as library science, bibliography, psycholinguistics, linguistics, psychology. The modern attempts for development of this scientific discipline are insufficient. Very often the attention of the researchers is directed towards other sciences because the examined subject is considerably more complex.Russian Abstract: Поводом исследования послужило 70-летие со дня смерти первого теоретика чтения Николая Александровича Рубакина (23 ноября 1946 г.), с которой даты истекает период защиты авторского права его произведений и становится возможным их переход в публичный домейн. Настоящая цель анализа - установление актуальных проблем в поле массовых коммуникаций и чтения, которые можно решить при помощи метода библиопсихологии, созданный Николаем Рубакиным в начале ХХ-ого века. Методика соответствует требованиям теоретического исследования с применением методов дедукции и экстраполяции в системе „проблем – решение“, вместе с сопровождающим вторичным исследованием (secondary research), выполненным селлективным монографическим методом, документальным методом, научной критикой социологических исследований, анализом вторичных данных (secondary data analysis) и обзором научных публикаций, доступных в мировых библиотеках. Выявлены пятнадцать остро конфликтных зон в сфере чтения, регулирование и управление которого требует библиопсихологического подхода. В процессе исследования устанавливаются и два неизвестных вклада Николая Рубакина в теорию коммуникаций – он создает коммуникационную формулу пяти „К“ десятилетия до Гарольда Лассуэлла и формулирует метод библиопсихологической археологии полвека до появления дисциплины „медийная археология“. Возможности библиопсихологии все еще не использованы на благо различных научных областей, несмотря на то, что она является предметом исследования и других наук, как библиотековедение, библиография, психолингвистика, язикознание, психология. Современные попытки развития этой научной дисциплины недостаточны. Очень часто внимание исследователей нацелено к другим наукам, так как предмет, который она рассматривает, значительно сложнее.Bulgarian Abstract: Повод за изследването е 70-годишнината от смъртта на първия теоретик на четенето Николай А. Рубакин (23 ноември 1946 г.), с която изтича периодът на защита на авторските права върху произведенията му и преминаването им в публичния домейн. Същинската цел на анализа е установяване на актуалните проблеми в полето на масовите комуникации и четенето, които могат да се решат с метода на библиопсихологията, създаден от Николай Рубакин в началото на ХХ век. Методиката отговаря на изискванията на теоретично изследване с приложение на методите дедукция и екстраполация в системата „проблем – решение“, придружено с вторично изследване (secondary research) извършено чрез селективен монографичен метод, документен метод, научна критика на социологически изледвания, анализ на вторични данни (secondary data analysis) и обзор на научни публикации, достъпни в световните библиотеки. Изведени са петнадесет остро конфликтни зони в сферата на четенето, чието регулиране и управление изисква библиопсихологичен подход. В процеса на изследването се установават и два непопулярни приноса на Николай Рубакин към теорията на комуникациите – създава комуникационната формула с петте „К“ десетилетия преди Харолд Ласуел и формулира метода на библиопсихологическа археология половин век преди да се появи дисциплината „медийна археология“. Възможностите на библиопсихологията все още не са оползотворени, въпреки че тя е предмет на изследване на други науки като библиотекознание, библиография, психолингвистика, езикознание, психология. Съвременните опити за развиване на тази научна дисциплина са недостатъчни. Много често вниманието на изследователите се насочва към други науки, тъй като предметът, който тя разглежда, е значително по-сложен.

A presente investigação pretende produzir novos contributos para compreender a evolução recente das práticas de leitura, em particular da leitura de livros, em Portugal. Numa primeira análise, efetua-se uma comparação entre Portugal e outros países da União Europeia, evidenciando a posição relativa dos portugueses leitores de livros face aos congéneres europeus, e verificando se a tendência de leitura de livros no nosso país acompanha a desses países. De seguida, e tendo como conceito nuclear o de leitura como prática cultural, ou seja, perspetivando a leitura de livros como uma atividade realizada em tempos de lazer, procura-se através de uma análise diacrónica caracterizar a população portuguesa leitora de livros, em termos do perfil sociodemográfico e socioprofissional. São realizadas ainda duas análises centradas apenas no último ano de que dispomos dados para Portugal (2016), uma tendo em conta o número de livros lidos, outra, multivariada, relacionando a leitura de livros com outras dimensões. A estratégia metodológica seguida é quantitativa incidindo em inquéritos transnacionais à população, cujo foco principal não é a leitura, mas que contêm perguntas sobre a leitura de livros. This research aims to produce new contributions to understand the recent evolution of reading practices, particularly book reading, in Portugal. In a first analysis, a comparison is made between Portugal and other European Union countries, showing the relative position of Portuguese book readers vis-à-vis their European counterparts, and checking whether the trend of book reading in our country follows that of those countries. Next, and based on the core concept of reading as a cultural practice, i.e., considering the reading of books as an activity carried out in leisure time, we seek to characterise the Portuguese book-reading population through a diachronic analysis, in terms of the sociodemographic and socio-professional profile. Two analyses are also carried out focusing only on the last year for which we have data for Portugal (2016), one taking into account the number of books read, the other multivariate, relating the reading of books with other dimensions. The research strategy followed is quantitative and focuses on transnational population surveys, the main focus of which is not reading, but which contain questions on book reading.