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The desire to improve living conditions and social well-being has always determined efforts of both researchers and reformers, especially since the last quarter of the 20th century, filled with different types of development ideas. The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Agenda implies accelerating the pace of basic human development with “leaving no one behind”, focusing mainly on improving the standard of living. However, in the contemporary world, well-being has become a multidimensional rather than a purely objective-economic concept, which determines the need for relevant approaches and methods for assessing and ensuring social well-being, especially in the non-western, developing countries. The first part of the article presents an overview of conceptual approaches and empirical methods typically applied in the study of well-being as rather a universal and unambiguous phenomenon, which is not relevant for the contemporary social realities. The second part of the article presents a specific case (Ghana) proving the validity of criticism in relation to the objectively ‘biased’ measurements of social well-being. One of the key social-economic challenges in Ghana is the low standard of living, especially in rural areas and northern regions suffering from the “multidimensional poverty”. In Ghana, basic studies of welfare and measurements of poverty (supported or conducted by the state institutions) rely on the monetized consumption and income approaches, following the European Commission’s definition of poverty as a state of economic deprivation, thus missing its subjective and social dimensions crucial for ensuring equity and social justice. The authors suggest an interpretation of social well-being as a combination of personal (overall satisfaction with life), relational (quality of social connections) and societal (social integration, acceptance, contribution, actualization and coherence, institutional trust) measurements, i.e., a combination of economic wellbeing, life satisfaction and societal well-being in the assessment of poverty and inequality at the national level. This interpretation was tested in the sociological survey conducted in 2022 as a basis for such an understanding of social well-being that aims at reducing inequality and improving living standards through better informed policies and programs.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a complex socially significant disease associated with risks mainly for representatives of groups practicing deviant behavior and requiring special attention from the state and society. The article presents a comprehensive description of representatives of the high-risk group for the HIV infection, including their health status, behavioral characteristics, types, combinations and perceptions of risks, which would allow for a more optimal organization of the work of social and medical services with this group. The article is based on the results of the empirical study conducted in 2022: 3,792 clients of the charitable foundation “Support for Social Initiatives and Public Health” were questioned within the HIV preventive work with representatives of high-risk groups. A significant part of clients are people under 22 years of age (25 %). Their main risks were divided into condition risks and behavioral risks. Condition risks are as follows: current and past illness (29 % were diagnosed with an infection or several ones, including the HIV), unemployment (21 %), difficult financial situation (9 %); and for foreign citizens also lack of citizenship (24 %) and not speaking Russian (5 %). Behavioral risks (actions leading to loss of health or inaction in health protection) are as follows: 15 % of clients use drugs (including with shared equipment for injecting), the majority (76 %) consciously agree to unprotected sex and have multiple sexual partners (the average number is 21 per year). In general, representatives of high-risk groups tend to underestimate their risks, and awareness is not a decisive positive factor, i.e., it does not necessarily change behavior to less risky. Moreover, long-term risk practices together with knowledge of risks and protective measures can negatively affect perceptions of risks; thus, clients with experience of risk behavior consider risks as less dangerous or deny risks in principle, which is an additional risk for both the person and one’s partners.

Since the very birth, the media has exerted a huge impact on masses, which only became more obvious in the contemporary information society, especially given the rapid development of technology and social networks. After a brief theoretical overview, the authors present the results of the sociological survey conducted in two public universities of the Republic of Srpska, which aimed at identifying student estimates of the mass media’s manipulative potential in general and student opinions towards the media coverage of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine in particular. The authors designed the survey sample in such a way as to represent students of social sciences and humanities (different educational profiles within these two professional fields) due to the very nature of their studies and to the better knowledge of issues under study by definition (content of courses and requirements to competences in the future professional field). The survey was conducted online, the questionnaire was posted on the Google platform, which allowed not only to share the link but also to receive feedback. The authors wanted to get empirical data proving the fact that the media has a significant influence on the formation of attitudes and value systems of the wider public, including the younger generation represented by the student youth. Given that the Russian-Ukrainian conflict has lasted for more than two years, it allows to get a deeper insight into the public perception of such critical issues as not just based on the media coverage or the first emotional reactions after the outbreak of the conflict. The authors wanted to know whether students feel/believe that the media (in general or specific media companies) tend to biased reporting, and what media channels students prefer to get much-needed information. The authors emphasize the need for objective reporting in crisis situations, including various conflicts. Crisis situations are always a great challenge for any media in the perspective of complying with ethical standards of reporting and the pressure of media owners and political forces. The article aims at revealing students’ attitudes towards the causes of such biased reporting and topics that the media is likely to cover in an objective manner.

To analyze the potential of sacred places as well as natural and recreational objects within the borders of the North Kazakhstan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the development of complex tourist routes. We examined archival data and documents and assessed the results of a sociological survey using statistical and mathematical processing, with tourist routes mapped out. The material under analysis and the results of the sociological survey enabled us to evaluate the touristic appeal and relevance of sacred places, as well as that of natural and recreational objects, in the North Kazakhstan region. A number of complex routes characterized by cultural, historical, pilgrimage, archeological, and environmental diversity were proposed. The cartographic material at hand enabled us to display a spatial plan of routes and accurately reflect the development potential of the region's tourism sector. The land of North Kazakhstan has the potential to expand the tourism industry. The demonstrated sacred places and diverse natural sites enable the creation of complex routes. We assessed the sacred places’ properties and determined the degree of attractiveness exhibited by complex routes, thus confirming the tourist opportunities offered by the region. These routes were designed to promote various directives such as historical, patriotic, and cultural education, natural world exploration, pilgrimage, spiritual awakening, and archaeology. Their use will contribute to the preservation of cultural and historical values, the expansion of international and domestic relations, and the developmen t of the economy and sustainability in the region. Skillful management in planning complex tourist routes in the North Kazakhstan region will facilitate the strengthening of ties between different communities and cultures, which is of great relevance for the multinational and multicultural country that is Kazakhstan.

Introduction. School meals are essential for children's health, development and learning. An effective school feeding system is also important for the development of the local economy. Poor quality nutrition leads to children refusing to eat at school, unnecessary food losses, financial and material costs, and deterioration in children’s health. Low satisfaction with children's nutrition in schools shows the ineffectiveness of the school nutrition system and requires a search, study and evaluation of possible measures, one of which is a system of regular feedback on the assessment of nutrition quality from parents and children. The materials and methods used in the work are a review of research results on the impact of school meals on the health and well-being of children and families in need, the impact on the economy; review of the practice of collecting feedback on school nutrition issues in Russia; sociological survey on satisfaction with school meals in the Republic of Bashkortostan. Results and discussion. It has been revealed that recently the role of parents in improving the quality of children's nutrition in schools has been increasing, one of the manifestations of which is the practice of sociological surveys by federal and regional authorities on the topic of satisfaction with school meals. The article presents the method developed by the author for ranking municipalities in terms of satisfaction with school meals, the results of its testing based on data collected during a series of sociological surveys of parents of schoolchildren in the Republic of Bashkortostan on the topic of the quality of school meals in 2022-2023. A trend has been identified to increase satisfaction with school meals in the Republic of Bashkortostan, but it is uneven across the region; and 28% of parents in the region noted that there are no changes, and 5% rated the changes as negative. It is concluded that it is necessary to form a system for monitoring satisfaction with the quality of school meals and its effectiveness for a comparative analysis of municipalities in the region and to identify measures to improve the quality of meals in schools. Thus, based on the results of surveys and a review of experience accumulated in other countries, more active inclusion of children and parents in decision-making on children’s nutrition in schools, collection of data on food waste by suppliers and dishes, and assessment of children’s nutrition directly in schools are justified.

The purpose of the article is to determine the situation in the field of religious preferences of young people in the Kyrgyz Republic and the Republic of Poland by studying the specific features and dynamics of the development of traditional beliefs in the Central Asian and European regions. The main methods used in the preparation of the work were the system-analytical method and the statistical method. The characteristic features of different areas of religion in Asia, as well as the origins and root causes of the formation and development of religious trends in Kyrgyzstan, are studied. The key moments in the history of the transformation of the Kyrgyz society in the XVIII-XXI centuries are outlined in the context of the influence of this process on the emergence of specific signs of local religious trends. Different approaches and concepts to the study of the young generation of the Central Asian Republic and Poland are evaluated by considering the qualitative and quantitative results of a number of sociological surveys. The results and conclusions of this work can be used as a basis for the development and implementation of a number of political and social reforms with an emphasis on raising awareness of the issue among the younger generation of Kyrgyzstan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transformation of public legal consciousness during the legitimation of the European integration of Ukraine is key in ensuring the legal system’s effectiveness and determining the vector of further socio-economic development. The legitimation of European integration involves the implementation of state management and the implementation of information policy for the legitimacy of the vector of development based on the perception of socio-political opinion. The article aims to determine the level of development of public legal awareness during the European integration of Ukraine. The research employed empirical methods — surveys and forecasting. The work revealed a positive trend of the European integration of Ukraine and a positive perception of this process by society. The results regarding the negative trend of mass media perception at the level of 50% of public trust are interpreted, which requires improvement of the information policy. A promising direction for further research is conducting a correlational analysis based on the Trust in Media and the Rule of Law Index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To analyze the potential of sacred places as well as natural and recreational objects within the borders of the North Kazakhstan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the development of complex tourist routes. We examined archival data and documents and assessed the results of a sociological survey using statistical and mathematical processing, with tourist routes mapped out. The material under analysis and the results of the sociological survey enabled us to evaluate the touristic appeal and relevance of sacred places, as well as that of natural and recreational objects, in the North Kazakhstan region. A number of complex routes characterized by cultural, historical, pilgrimage, archeological, and environmental diversity were proposed. The cartographic material at hand enabled us to display a spatial plan of routes and accurately reflect the development potential of the region's tourism sector. The land of North Kazakhstan has the potential to expand the tourism industry. The demonstrated sacred places and diverse natural sites enable the creation of complex routes. We assessed the sacred places’ properties and determined the degree of attractiveness exhibited by complex routes, thus confirming the tourist opportunities offered by the region. These routes were designed to promote various directives such as historical, patriotic, and cultural education, natural world exploration, pilgrimage, spiritual awakening, and archaeology. Their use will contribute to the preservation of cultural and historical values, the expansion of international and domestic relations, and the developmen t of the economy and sustainability in the region. Skillful management in planning complex tourist routes in the North Kazakhstan region will facilitate the strengthening of ties between different communities and cultures, which is of great relevance for the multinational and multicultural country that is Kazakhstan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study's objective is to identify common and different trends in the actual implementation of the CSR concept in post-socialist countries to develop recommendations for their further implementation. A sociological survey conducted among 900 representatives of enterprises in the Russian Federation, Azerbaijan and Cambodia showed the prevalence of general trends in the public perception of CSR and the peculiarities of its implementation. The main directions of CSR activities, their regularity and effectiveness were outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The full-scale russian invasion of Ukraine led to numerous physical and moral challenges. The paper aims to estimate the role of family as a social resilience driver in managing wartime challenges on a regional level. It used the online survey method based on Google Forms and online focus-group interviews in September-November 2022. Household members (1,089 respondents) of Kyiv, Lviv, Zakarpattia, Mykolaiv, Sumy, Chernihiv, and Dnipropetrovsk territorial communities were surveyed. Most respondents generally positively assess Ukraine’s prospects; 59% believe that the situation in the country will most likely improve. During war escalation, 67.2% of respondents waited for family support, and 48.8% helped their relatives, but relying on family support did not increase their safety expectations. In communities that did not increase their activity level in response to the war by one percentage point, the “feeling unsafe” responses increased by 1.8 percentage points, which means that an active civil position is also responsible for feeling safe (other things being equal) and increasing society’s resilience. At the same time, even in wartime, the indicators of social atomization are quite high, as 46.2% relied only on themselves and solved their problems independently, without anyone’s help. Therefore, developing family relations is one of the effective mechanisms for raising internal human resources to manage wartime challenges. AcknowledgmentThis study was supported by a project “Digital transformations to ensure civil protection and post-war economic recovery in the face of environmental and social challenges” (№0124U000549) and “Economic and energy security of Ukraine in the conditions of war and post-war reconstruction: disruptive technologies for sustainable development” (№0123U103593).

Migration outflow of the population in the last decade is one of the most urgent problems of the Omsk region, on the solution of which the socio-economic well-being of the region largely depends. A significant part of the outgoing migration flow is made up of graduates of general secondary schools who seek to receive a prestigious education in the capital universities and ensure a higher quality of life in the future. All attempts to reverse the negative situation in the field of migration over a long period of time have not led to the desired result. One of the reasons for this state of affairs is the lack of large-scale comprehensive scientific research of the problem area, the results of which could form the basis of an effective strategy for managing migration. Aim. To identify socioeconomic factors affecting the intensity of migration flows based on the results of a survey of high school students of secondary schools in Omsk and to design a system for effective management of youth migration using the methodology of functionally oriented modeling (on the example of the Omsk region). Methods. Content analysis, synthesis, classification and generalization, sociological survey, functional-oriented modeling. Results. Based on the analysis of the data obtained during the study, socio-economic factors influencing the level of migration of outgoing migrants were identified and a system of effective management of youth migration by means of functionally oriented modeling (using the example of the Omsk region) was designed, which can serve as a basis when developing a regional strategy in the field of migration. Conclusions. Migration is a complex problem area, which is influenced by a system of interrelated socio-economic factors. Development of productive management decisions presupposes the existence of a scientifically sound strategy. One of the approaches to designing a system of effective management of youth migration is the methodology of functionally oriented modeling, which allows you to visualize the factors affecting the migration intensity, taking into account the interrelationships between them.

The article analyzes the level of formation of pedagogical reflection among graduates studying the pedagogical specialties, and also generalizes the nature of the influence of pedagogical reflection on the educational and professional plans of future teachers after receiving a diploma. In the study, the author considers pedagogical reflection as a prestart state of a specialist, embodied in meta-competence, which allows one to assess one’s professional knowledge and skills as sufficient or insufficient to work in the acquired specialty.As a part of the study, a vision of the nature and structure of the phenomenon of pedagogical reflection founded on a competency-based approach was formed. The algorithm was proposed for assessing the level of formation of pedagogical reflection among graduates based on the use of factor analysis. The algorithm was tested on data from a questionnaire survey conducted in 2023 by the Voluntary Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) among graduates studying to become teachers in the Vologda region. As a result of testing, it was revealed that after receiving a diploma, graduates with critical reflection more often than others want to connect their lives with work at school and see the future of their children in the teaching profession. Graduates with moderate and weak reflection are less likely to design appropriate plans. In the course of further generalization, a procedural model of the influence of pedagogical reflection on the professional development of a university graduate was developed.The scientific novelty of the study lies in the new perspective of posing the question of pedagogical reflection as a factor in educational and professional choice; the author’s methodology for summarizing the level of formation of professional reflection within the framework of factor analysis; a conceptual model that describes the influence of reflection on the professional development of a graduate, focusing on “soft” mechanisms that can be used to solve personnel problems in the education system. The article proposes a set of approaches to solving the problems of training reflective teachers, which can be introduced into management practice.

The national security depends on the health of the population, which, in its turn, depends on the healthcare system. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia focused on the primary healthcare. The goals, tools, and results of the reforms that have taken place in the last three decades are usually considered from the point of view of law, economic feasibility, or organizational effectiveness. The author applied the historical and political approach to these reforms, thus evaluating their ability to preserve and increase human health. Fertility, morbidity, and mortality usually serve as national health criteria. The research relied on regulatory legal acts, speeches of senior government officials, official statistics, and sociological surveys. Demographic problems and budget deficits proved to be the main reasons behind the post-Soviet reforms, which transferred some material obligations from the federal to the local level and expended the scope of commercial medicine. Part of the financial burden moved from expensive specialized hospitals (secondary healthcare) to cheaper polyclinic and preventive medicine (primary healthcare). Federal budget expenditures decreased as patient capacity and the number of medical organizations went down and the productivity of primary healthcare went up. However, the national mortality and morbidity kept growing. The current diagnostic preventive healthcare model concentrates on primary healthcare: it reduces financial expenditures but fails to solve the demographic problems.

Objective: to determine the level of future teachers’ professional readiness for pedagogical activity using the statistical method of analysis based on the secondary data of a sociological research; to assess the factors affecting the above level.Methods: the study applied an index method of generalizing the data of sociological measurements to calculate the index of professional readiness for pedagogical activity (Iprpa). As part of the assessment, we used the data of the sociological survey conducted by VolNTs RAS in May-June 2023 among graduate students majoring in pedagogy at vocational schools and universities of Vologda oblast.Results: based on generalization of the study of professional readiness for pedagogical activity (futher – PRPA), a theoretical model of criterion-level assessment of this phenomenon was proposed. Within the model approbation, the readiness of future teachers for professional activity was assessed. Calculations showed that 24.6 % of the surveyed graduates had a high level, 44.6 % had an average level, and 30.8 % had a low level of PRPA. At the same time, university graduates had a lower level of readiness for school work than those who get a profession in colleges. The correlation analysis revealed that future teachers’ PRPA is strongly influenced by the presence of professional vocation as a sense of spiritual connection with the profession, and is influenced weakly by the purchasing power of their income. The spread of negative perceptions of the teaching profession among graduates usually reduces their readiness to work in the profession.Practical significance: the study proposes a step-by-step algorithm for assessing professional readiness for pedagogical activity using a sociological database. It is suggested that the process of the PRPA formation is influenced not only by the educational organization, but also by the future specialist personality. In particular, it concerns the inner desire to see oneself in pedagogical activity as an established professional, which is not always formed in the process of training at vocational schools and universities (especially if admission to the major was associated with “negative selection”). In this regard, we formulate proposals to overcome the effect of “negative selection” in the professional training of future teachers.Scientific novelty: the study clarifies the approach to the category of “professional readiness for pedagogical activity” and proposes a methodology for assessing the PRPA level, which includes a theoretical model of criterion-level assessment of this phenomenon, as well as an algorithm for calculating the final index of PRPA.

The issues of improving efficiency of health care institutions are increasingly becoming the center of scientific discussions. The purpose of the study is to examine the subjective assessments of medical organizations staff regarding factors of labor productivity. Objectives of the study: to analyze the existing approaches to the study of labor productivity factors of medical personnel, to study the opinion of medical organizations staff regarding labor productivity factors, to identify the most significant of them, and to conduct a comparative analysis of the data obtained in the course of sociological research in medical organizations providing medical care to patients with cardiovascular diseases in the Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass. The authors have studied the conclusions and findings of selected foreign and domestic experts in this field of research. The presented study identifies the key factors that can increase labor productivity of all categories of personnel on the example of two medical institutions providing care to patients with cardiovascular diseases, namely: presence of a system of material (non-material) incentives, level of material and technical support, moral and psychological climate, working conditions, and regular professional development. Common and special features of two organizations have been shown. Differences in assessing labor productivity factors in different professional categories have been found. The results obtained can be used as a basis for improving personnel policy in direction of increasing labor productivity in health care and medical science institutions.

The purpose of the article is to determine the situation in the field of religious preferences of young people in the Kyrgyz Republic and the Republic of Poland by studying the specific features and dynamics of the development of traditional beliefs in the Central Asian and European regions. The main methods used in the preparation of the work were the system-analytical method and the statistical method. The characteristic features of different areas of religion in Asia, as well as the origins and root causes of the formation and development of religious trends in Kyrgyzstan, are studied. The key moments in the history of the transformation of the Kyrgyz society in the XVIII-XXI centuries are outlined in the context of the influence of this process on the emergence of specific signs of local religious trends. Different approaches and concepts to the study of the young generation of the Central Asian Republic and Poland are evaluated by considering the qualitative and quantitative results of a number of sociological surveys. The results and conclusions of this work can be used as a basis for the development and implementation of a number of political and social reforms with an emphasis on raising awareness of the issue among the younger generation of Kyrgyzstan.

Background. Recent years have seen the demand for organic products steadily growing both in the domestic and foreign markets. This makes it relevant and important to identify specific factors that will affect consumer behavior in the future, using the example of the local market. The purpose of the study is to determine the factors for promoting environmentally friendly products and to identify consumer demand patterns through social research tools. The article deals with research of market capacity for organic products based on an analysis of consumer behavior across the Republic of Kazakhstan, with sociological survey serving as a basis. Purpose. The purpose of the study was to gauge the capacity of the consumer market for organic products in Kazakhstan. In order to identify the factors driving consumer behavior, sociological studies were done based on a survey of Internet users focused on the consumption of organic food, as well as polling of customers of specialized stores of organic products in Astana. Methodology. The study utilized general scientific methods of cognition of socio-economic phenomena and processes: logical and analytical methods, classification, systemic and holistic approaches, ways of synthesis and comparative analysis, sociological survey and polling. Results. The sociological surveys made it possible to identify what consumers of organic products looked like and to generate proposals on how producers should further develop organic farming. Conclusions. Primary cities of organic products consumption in Kazakhstan are Almaty and Astana. The main reasons for this pattern are local population’s high purchasing power, high population density and quite high environmental pollution. Residents of urban areas are more aware of the rapidly developing segment of the food market. Yet, until now, consumers have failed to distinguish pseudo-labels from certified products. The legislators have taken a number of steps to legally interpret and regulate the organic market. Market research has confirmed the need to promote awareness among producers and shape consumer behavior.

The purpose of the study: to determine the development of vaccination against infections associated with contingents in an epidemic crisis.Materials and methods: the method of a sociological survey of future workers and those vaccinated in different epidemic status periods was used: 2019 – the pre-pandemic period and 2020 – the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. A sociological survey was conducted in 2019 among 212 medical workers (130 doctors and 82 nurses) and among 229 medical workers in 2020 (143 doctors and 86 nurses). Parents were also interviewed using a questionnaire. 100 and 50 respondents took part in the survey, respectively.Results: a large number of pregnant workers – 74.3-88.1% are positive about vaccination. However, 6.8% of therapists and 9.6% of nurses of adult health facilities express a wary attitude, there were no negative reactions, unlike in 2019, when the severity of 2.2% of general practitioners and 4.2% of nurses of adult health facilities was negative. The largest number of respondents of all groups among the reasons for refusing to vaccinate is called “information that vaccinations are dangerous” from 76.6% to 88.9% in 20219, from 74.1% to 93.2% in 2020. Among parents, only 34% had a positive attitude towards vaccination, 12% negatively.Conclusions: It is necessary to take prompt measures to increase adherence to vaccination of the main social groups that have a decisive influence on the attitude and effect of vaccination.

To consider the resource potential of bitter-salty sulfide lakes for the development of ecological and balneological tourism in the territory of the North Kazakhstan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Field studies, a sociological survey were conducted, methods of statistical and mathematical processing were used. The cartographic method made it possible to visualize the studied material. Bitter-salty lakes contain sulfide mud, which is a unique natural resource. Mud can be used in combination with salt water to create the foundations of ecological and health tourism in the North Kazakhstan region. Research has revealed the most promising lakes of the region. The analysis of the obtained field research data and cartographic material made it possible to assess the resource potential of the lakes. These data were confirmed by the results of a sociological survey, which confirms the possibility of developing the tourism industry on the basis of unique local bitt ersalty lakes. The cartographic material created in the course of the study visually demonstrates the prospects and possible problems of the development of the health tourism industry in the territory of the studied region. The resources of bitter-salty sulfide lakes have sufficient potential for the development of tourism in the North Kazakhstan region. The bitter-salty lakes of the North Kazakhstan region selected on the basis of a comprehensive score have criteria confirming their resource potential. This assessment shows the possibility of developing health and ecological tourism in the region. The border position of the region makes it possible to develop not only internal, but also external tourism.

The university environment includes various material and intangible aspects that are subjected now to active changes associated with both the development of information tech-nology and the new needs of young people. Therefore, the attitude of students to their university environment is an actual research topic. The Russian University of Transport (RUT (MIIT)) conducted the online survey of students, during which they were asked an open question regarding university problems and university development. The results showed that the problems associated with communication and mutual understanding, taking into account their opinions and interests, are of the greatest importance for modern students. The wishes of the students to the teaching staff were expressed, from which it is required both the ability to clearly explain the subject, and the presence of an individual and respectful approach to each student. We should not forget about the need of modern students in obtaining practice-oriented modern knowledge and skills, often associated with the need to rejuvenate teaching staff. Attention is paid to aspects related to improving the infrastructure of the university, the educational process. The problems related to the extracurricular scientific and educational life of the university, cultural and sports activities, environmental issues, schedule and mode of classes, work of educational departments are disclosed. The development of political education and patriotism in the university depends on small but effective events and the presence of an organizing groups. The novelty of the obtained data is due to the fact that the answers to an open question always differ from the opinions received in the course of polls with pre-proposed answers, and make it possible to identify hidden trends in public opinion. Respondents, in this case, express what worries them first of all, express the wishes that come to mind first, without prompts. The findings indicate the need to develop a strategy for improving the educational environment of the university, aimed at developing the possibilities of direct communication, increasing informal, understanding interactions.

Sumy region has significant resources for the development of various types of tourism. Due to the war, tourism has suffered considerable losses, although it continues to work. The aim of the article is to study the peculiarities of the development of tourism in Sumy region in the conditions of war and post-war reconstruction on the basis of a sociological survey of representatives of the tourism sector and defining future prospects. The study is based on the data of a sociological survey, which was conducted from the 2nd of February to the 15th of February, 2023 as a part of the Estonian-Ukrainian research project «The Development of Ukrainian Frontline Communities and Tourism Business under War Conditions and Strategies for the Future», which is being implemented on the basis of the Landscape and Culture Center of the School of Humanities of Tallinn University. The number of respondents was 144 people from 5 regions of Ukraine, including 29 (20.1%) people from Sumy region. The respondents are representatives of the tourism sector. The sociological survey included 25 questions of closed and open type using the Google Form tool in various areas of tourism business. The Microsoft Excel 2010 computer program and the SPSS Statistics V21.0 program were used for calculations and graphical constructions. Before the war started, the main type of tourism activity for the respondents of Sumy region was cultural and educational, festival and event, sports and active tourism. Among the main changes that have taken place in the tourism sector in Sumy region communities since the beginning of the war, the respondents note the following: the level of interest in visiting tourist sites has decreased, attractive tourist sites have stopped functioning or receiving tourists; the level of population paying capacity has decreased and some tourist sites have been damaged significantly. Among the problems that enterprises of Sumy region tourism sector had to face, the respondents note: the tourist sites which the business was connected with fell into the zone of occupation or active hostilities and became inaccessible; reorientation of tourism activities to another direction; cessation of tourism activities, etc. The interviewed representatives of the tourism sector believe that in order to create new tourist locations in communities, it is necessary: to restore infrastructure, to establish a peaceful life; to create new tourism clusters, new jobs; to found museums, memorials, expositions, memorable places; to develop industrial tourism; to start community tourism brands; to introduce digitalization of business; to cooperate with tour operators from different countries; to implement a cluster model for organizing tourism activities.

The research reveals the signs of sociocultural identity of rescue officers of the region on the basis of the analysis of professional culture level. The novelty of the research topic consists in the fact that social stability in the country in general and in the region particularly depends on the effectiveness of rescue services. A special role in the effectiveness of rescue services is assigned to executors involved in overcoming catastrophes and their consequences-employees of special search and rescue squads (SRS). The externality of the rescue service is widely covered in mass media, especially in emergency situations. Personal characteristics and features of interaction of participants in rescue operations, together with special knowledge and skills that form the basis of professional culture, often remain behind the scenes. The research methodology is based on institutional and structural and functional approaches to the analysis of rescuers' activities. Empirical sociological data obtained by a sociological survey of the general totality of the search and rescue squad of the General Directorate of the Ministry of Emergency Situations in the Republic of Adygeya. As a result of the research, an integrative model of a rescuer’s personality was obtained, as well as data indicating a high level of professional culture and an adequate socio-cultural identity of SRS officers. An indicator of professional culture is understanding of the value of professional training for rescue activities by workers. Most of the officers have developed a valuable attitude towards human life both in emergency situations and in the conditions of everyday life in the course of their service. Understanding the leading role of the state in ensuring effective operation of rescue services and high self-esteem of rescue services indicate the stability of the structure and effectiveness of the activities of the Emergencies Ministry.

The problems of the family institution are reflected in the family values transformation. The patterns of family and marriage relations which are traditional for historical Russia come into conflict with modern realities. This transformation affects primarily the youth environment, putting young people in front of a tough choice between socially approved career growth and a quiet feat inconspicuous to the world within family relationships. The all-Russian study “Self-regulation of the Life of Young People in a Changing Social Reality”, conducted in the fall of 2020, revealed problematic aspects of marital relations. The traditional values of the family, which are historically common for Russia, are opposed to a set of modern values characteristic of the liberal model and sometimes inferior to the latter. The course laid down by the founders of communism to eliminate the monogamous family as an economic unit of society gives its late shoots refracting in the individualization of society, leveling the significance of official marriage unions and reducing the number of children in families. The results of the all-Russian sociological survey of young people make it possible to identify the real marital status of young people in Russia and to consider its models. The article analyzes the prevalence of so-called “civil marriages” and the correction of attitudes towards them by official bodies. The author gives the rationale for the growing popularity of the “Japanese model” in marital relations, as well as the reasons that push young people to short-term marriage unions fraught with loneliness. The nature of young people relationship with their parents is considered and different generations of youth are compared. The idea of the respondents about the meaning of the family is investigated and the main motives for marriage are established. The number of children in modern youth families is revealed and trends in various social groups are analyzed. Conclusions are drawn about the instability of the family institution in the modern world and the need to protect it by the state.

To consider the resource potential of bitter-salty sulfide lakes for the development of ecological and balneological tourism in the territory of the North Kazakhstan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Field studies, a sociological survey were conducted, methods of statistical and mathematical processing were used. The cartographic method made it possible to visualize the studied material. Bitter-salty lakes contain sulfide mud, which is a unique natural resource. Mud can be used in combination with salt water to create the foundations of ecological and health tourism in the North Kazakhstan region. Research has revealed the most promising lakes of the region. The analysis of the obtained field research data and cartographic material made it possible to assess the resource potential of the lakes. These data were confirmed by the results of a sociological survey, which confirms the possibility of developing the tourism industry on the basis of unique local bitt ersalty lakes. The cartographic material created in the course of the study visually demonstrates the prospects and possible problems of the development of the health tourism industry in the territory of the studied region. The resources of bitter-salty sulfide lakes have sufficient potential for the development of tourism in the North Kazakhstan region. The bitter-salty lakes of the North Kazakhstan region selected on the basis of a comprehensive score have criteria confirming their resource potential. This assessment shows the possibility of developing health and ecological tourism in the region. The border position of the region makes it possible to develop not only internal, but also external tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the result of assessing the antiradical status of consumers (in the context of Russia) in connection with their well-being. This approach is based on a multistage study, in which the results of sociological surveys were applied, as well as estimates of the antiradical potential (ARP) of diets obtained using neural networks, bootstrapping the chemical composition of diets, and calculating reference values using mathematical models. The paper presents data collected from residents living in the territories of at least 21 regions and cities of Russia: Magadan, Saint Petersburg, Moscow, Krasnodar, Lipetsk, Vladivostok, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Voronezh, etc. A total of 1001 people were interviewed, which, according to our calculations, gives a margin of error in value of approximately 3.1%. To calculate the lack of vitamins in the diets of residents of the Russian Federation, data on the chemical composition of food products from the FNDDS database were used. The assessment of dietary habits showed a lack of vitamins below the recommended level in 73% of Russians for vitamin D, 59% for retinol, 38% for β-carotenes, 13% for vitamin E, and 6% for ascorbic acid. The study showed that at least 36% of the Russian population has a low antiradical status, while it was found that "poor" consumers are more likely to consume economically more expensive foods (in terms of their nutritional value). The "poor" segments of the population consume 180–305% more canned food and 38–68% more sweet carbonated drinks than other social groups, but their consumption of vegetables is 23–48% lower. On the contrary, "wealthy" consumers consume 17–25% more complex (varied) dishes, 10–68% more fresh vegetables, and 8–39% more fish. From the obtained values it follows that consumers with low levels of ARP in their diets are in a group with an increased probability of a number of "excess" diseases (diseases of the cardiovascular system, obesity, etc.). In general, the ARP values of food consumed for low-income segments of the population were 2.3 times lower (the ratio was calculated as the percentage of consumers below the level of 11,067 equivalents necessary for the disposal of free radicals generated in the human body per day) than for those who can afford expensive food (consumers with high income). A simple increase in consumption of unbalanced foods, in our opinion, will only contribute to the entry of these consumers into the "average diet trap". All this makes it imperative to develop comprehensive measures to create a new concept of public catering; otherwise, we can expect a reduction in both the health of the population and the performance of the economy of the whole country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to present the situation of agricultural lands and the effects of their management on the sustainable development of agriculture in the North-West Development Region of Romania, at the level of 2023. The study is based on data taken through the sociological survey method based on a questionnaire, of a number of 276 respondents. The collected data were interpreted for the following indicators: the type of agriculture practiced, agricultural techniques applied, the involvement of agricultural farms in associative forms, the surface of agricultural land, irrigation of agricultural land, fragmentation of agricultural land, types of crops and the use of modern technologies for a digital agriculture. After analysing the data, it is observed that a predominantly conventional and mixed agriculture is practiced, using an average of 150 hectares per farm. Due to the large presence of arable land, the main crops are field crops, represented by cereals and fodder plants. Permanent crops represented in particular by permanent meadows are owned by the majority of farmers (87.3%), and horticultural crops are present in only 27.17% of farms. Modern technologies have a high potential in the development of the region and must be exploited more in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article gives an overview of Astana IT University (AITU) experience in using IT tools in sociological study for determining the social profile of an AITU student based on the data of sociological surveys. The purpose of the study is aimed at summarizing the experience how IT tools can be used in gathering and processing data and survey result analysis. In this article the features of various software and hardware tools, the process of applying information technologies at different stages of sociological research that affect the effectiveness of sociological research are discussed. The aim of the study is to determine the effectiveness of various software (from word processors to statistical packages) and hardware (from cell phones to modern computers) tools at different stages of conducting a sociological survey. The most common problems the sociologist may run into when looking for a survey tool are technical, design, legal, and expertise one as well as problems with length, survey fatigue and interpreting respondents' mood. It is highly likely in case of long, confusing, or complicated surveys the questions can be skipped or responded mindlessly by respondents and be resulted in confusing results and inaccurate responses. Long surveys more than 10-15 minutes can course respondents mind fatigue which can lead and result the dishonest responses and survey dropout. The respondents can be tired with especially open-ended questions which require careful and deep thinking. The problem of selecting adaptive tools for conducting sociological research for obtaining the most reliable and high-quality information lies in the lack of a universal IT tool for implementing sociological research at its all stages. The model of the university efficiency promotion for sustainable development is presented to compare the progress of university efficiency in learner recruiting, hiring of local and inter-national staff, the number of staff participated in the program of professional development, the number of laboratories and IT technologies, the range of national and international partners etc. Stages of Data- driven decision-making approach in university efficiency promotion are presented in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of the sociological study of everyday practices of applicants entering Ukrainian higher education institutions from the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine. The research was supported by Konrad Adenauer Foundation and conducted in June 2020 in Mariupol. Seventeen deep interviews with the students allowed to get the insights of their everyday life (work, study, consuming, leisure, communication, etc.) in the temporarily occupied territories, focusing on their needs, interests, fears, values, priorities, and plans for the future. The research clearly showed that people in the temporarily occupied territories live in the economic realities typical to the late Soviet era and the period of early capitalization of the economy in Ukraine of early 1990s. The tendencies towards impoverishment of the population and youth unemployment were mentioned along with primitivizing of their leisure activities and introduction of a powerful ideological component into the latter. The youth in these territories for years has been living in the atmosphere of secrecy and fear, restrictions of personal freedoms, and heavy propaganda influence. The war and its consequences became an existential challenge for the absolute majority of the interviewed young people that affected all areas of their lives. Yet, some of the participants, being aware of the negative consequences of military actions and social political transformations in the temporarily occupied territories were inclined to tolerate the existing situation. On the emotional level, young people demonstrated deep attachment to their family, their «little homeland», which explained their desire to maintain close ties with the occupied territories. In spite of existing spiritual bonds and conflicting spatial identification, the participants nevertheless associated their life strategies with migration, where Ukraine and the EU are on top of their priority list. However, according to the respondents’ assumption there are not many young people in the occupied territories who would share this. The data obtained from the survey are valuable for establishing a dialogue and constructive interaction among students, and for creating a tolerant, psychologically safe academic environment in the higher education institutions with significant number of students from the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine, whose habits, values, and thoughts are already somewhat different from the way of thinking of youth in the other parts of Ukraine.

This paper describes additional methods of data analysis of the sociological survey used to solve a variety of research and practical problems in the field of sociology of medicine.

The article studies youth tourism as a part of social tourism and a component of travelling system, which is characterized by social and economic features and impact by different factors and conditions. Theoretical and empiric research of youth tourism is topical, which is stipulated by such qualities of the younger generation as mobility, striving for cognition and today’s possibilities to organize leisure time and travelling. Due to complicated situation connected with COVID-19 and closing borders with foreign countries fast development of internal tourism is observed. The authors underlined specific features of youth tourism and showed its ties with territorial factors and conditions of future development. General academic methods, such as content-analysis, sociological method (survey was conducted among students of universities and colleges) and statistic methods: grouping, average-mean arithmetical ones were used in the research. While studying academic views of home and overseas scientists concerning youth tourism the authors paid attention to the importance of social and cultural components envisaged by travelling motivation for the given group of tourists and the impact of factors and conditions connected with regional features. It was pointed out that to plan the youth tourism development it is necessary to take into account preferences of young people in travel programs and events, various relations in social groups during holidays and travels, paying special attention on social and cultural components.

In the post-pandemic years of 2021–2022, the post-Soviet space has entered a stage of decisive transformation, which will test the maturity of the state institutions formed 30 years ago for the region’s countries. The study captures a snapshot of public sentiment in these countries on the eve of this wave of transformation it is based on a series of largescale opinion polls in Belarus, Georgia and Kazakhstan, conducted immediately after the last elections to the lower houses of the parliaments of these countries in the pre-crisis era. The main research question of the sociological study was to identify demographic and geographical patterns in determining the attitude of voters toward the prospects for relations with Russia. Countries with traditionally different strategies of relations with Russia were taken: Belarus is a strategic ally, Kazakhstan is friendly but pursues a multi-vector policy, and Georgia is generally hostile at the level of the political class. The analysis showed that in matters of orientation towards positive relations with Russia, the voters of these countries nevertheless had more in common than differences. Based on the analysis results, several lines of delimitation can be distinguished. Firstly, the “macro-regional, geopolitical” line runs between Belarus and Kazakhstan, on the one hand, and Georgia, on the other. The second split along the “center-periphery” line takes place within states, i.e., Such a demarcation was singled out by many researchers, singled out concerning Russia; however, we found the same demarcations in Belarus (“Minsk and the rest of the country”) partly in Georgia and Kazakhstan. Finally, the authors admit to it the possibility of delimitation along the north-south lines: in Georgia and, to some extent, in Kazakhstan, as a result of territorial differentiation in the residence of Russians in the northern regions of the republic, where sympathy for Russia is more clearly manifested than in the southern regions remote from it; and this demarcation is less pronounced in Belarus, where it refers to the regions bordering Russia and Ukraine.

The paper presents a study of the student interest level at VETI NRNU MEPhI in the development of their own innovative potential. It considers the formal side of youth involvement in the implementation of research projects and the improvement of their own intellectual forces. A sociological survey showed a fairly high level of students' innovative charge noted the difficulties of using an innovative resource, and formulated possible causes of problems of self-realization in this direction. It is found that most of the young people surveyed do not have a steady motivation to reveal their own innovative potential explaining this by increased complexity and laboriousness. The problem of formal and informal employment of students is noted, its causes are revealed. The given data indicate the importance of the development of scientific research skills and confirms the idea that the problem of inefficient use of innovative potential is quite significant, covers a significant part of students and requires further study and system monitoring.

The questions of classification of political metaphors are considered. This classification is necessary for the analysis of the data of sociological survey, which was conducted by the team of Smolensk University in 2022 in regions of Russia. The study of the reputational image of power (respondents' answers to the questions: “How would you draw the reputational image of Russian / regional power?”) problematizes the principles of classification. The relevance of the study in working out the diagnosis of the reputational image of power. The novelty of the study is that the analysis was conducted on the basis of folk metaphorization, rather than professional political discourse, which researchers of political metaphorology and political semantics usually deal with. The empirical material for the problematization of the classification was the results of the sociological survey 2021, which included similar questions. The classification of power metaphors on the basis of major philosophical categories and structural relationships (space/time; living/artificial; human/nature/society) is presented, as such principle allows capturing the real diversity and multidimensionality of figurative likenesses proposed by respondents. The results of the study of folk metaphorization adjust the existing classifications of power metaphors, do not fully coincide with the known classifications of metaphorical models of power, also adjust the ideas about the popularity of typical metaphorical models.

The increasing impact of scientometrics and formal approaches to science management distorts employee motivation, which, in turn, impedes the growth and accumulation of scientific knowledge. The paper aims to gauge public opinion on the paternalistic state activity in the field of science using the results of a sociological survey. The methodological basis includes the principles of paternalism and scientometric management. The study uses the results of the survey of the economic community held by the New Economic Association in 2022. The methods of regression analysis and factor analysis modified for multiway data were applied. Formalization and bureaucratization of science management processes are viewed within the framework of the well-known conflict between the Higher Attestation Commission and the RSCI, which created numerous barriers for researchers who prepared candidate and doctoral dissertations. To assess the attitude of experts to the current situation, it is necessary to obtain a constant sociological cross-section of opinions, if possible. Public monitoring of economic journals and the MW-analysis methodology made it possible to rank journals for the year of 2022. The compiled private and aggregate rankings contain information about the preferences of the economic community and are markedly different from the RSCI scientometric-based indicators. The paper also presents an expert assessment of the proposals for reforming the journal activity, in particular, the proposal of creating material incentives by research periodicals for scientists to prepare high-quality articles.

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Objective: The article is devoted to the analysis of sociological information about the attitude of students to their health. Methods: A sociological survey among students of Kazan educational institutions of Higher Education was conducted in September-November 2020. Results: The study showed low knowledge of students about the main medical indicators of health, the absence of a healthy lifestyle in the system of value orientations, and lack of confidence in the healthcare system. Conclusion: The study results on low knowledge of health indicators suggests that it is necessary to conduct competent educational work on the dissemination of medical knowledge among young people, to examine students more carefully in the course of medical examination, to improve the availability and quality of health services provided to students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sumy region has great and significant tourism potential. Before the Russo-Ukrainian War, the region had 3,465 historical and cultural monuments, including 367 architectural and urban planning monuments (five of them of national importance). Before the war, the tourism sector was developing steadily, with new types of tourism services and the formation of tourism clusters. However, Russia's Invasion of Ukraine resulted in a significant decrease in tax revenues, which has a negative impact on tourism. The purpose of this paper is to study the peculiarities and future prospects of tourism development in the Sumy region during the war, based on data from a sociological survey conducted in five Ukrainian frontline regions in the framework of the Estonian-Ukrainian research project "Development of Ukrainian frontline communities and tourism business during the war and future strategy", which was supported by the Estonian Research Agency. The sociological survey was conducted online and included 25 closed and open-ended questions. Survey results were processed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and SPSS Statistics V21.0. A total of 29 respondents (20.1%) from the Sumy region participated in the sociological survey, 69% of whom live in urban areas and 31% in rural areas. Analysis of the areas of activity of the tourism respondents from the Sumy region revealed that urban respondents were more representative of tourism businesses (tour operators, travel agents, sole proprietors, etc.), while rural respondents were predominantly representatives of tourist attractions (museums, educational and recreational facilities, etc.). Responses to the following questions were analyzed: pre-war tourism activities, wartime tourism activities, changes in tourism, prospects for tourism development, threats and opportunities for tourism development, problems in the tourism sector, prospects for tourism development, and advantages in cluster cooperation.

The present interdisciplinary study aims to analyse solidarity and social cohesion in the Christian-Orthodox informational context. The research uses the analysis of theological literature on this topic and studies in the field of social psychology. We have also used the data obtained as a result of several qualitative research surveys carried out in 2020 and 2021 by the Center of Sociology and Social Psychology of the Institute of Legal, Political and Sociological Research. Using data from a 2021 survey, we studied how the frequency of prayer associates and correlates with prosocial acts, social activism, and social participation. Among the more important conclusions of the study, we can mention the following: more frequent contact with the contents of faith is associated with solidarity behaviour; exposure to prosocial models influences and increases the likelihood of human helping; those who pray more frequently self-report a higher level of social activism and participation in social life. A possible role of the mass media in this context is discussed.

The article raises questions about the climate crisis, which manifests itself in global warming, emergencies that pose a danger to cities and towns, buildings, structures, and people’s health. The author presents different points of view on climate change, the role of greenhouse gases and the anthropogenic contribution to global warming. A study was made of the proposed ways of adapting construction and architecture to the situation of global warming, mitigating the negative effects of climate change. The author highlights topical areas of scientific research, such as: the formation of carbon-neutral architecture, the development of bioengineered building materials, the creation of “vertical gardens”, etc. The author presents the results of a sociological survey of the students of National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering of the year 2021-2022. The results are showing their understanding of the causes of climate change, professional responsibility and readiness to counteract the negative effects of climate change.

The Sumy region has great and significant tourism potential. Before the Russo-Ukrainian War, the region had 3,465 historical and cultural monuments, including 367 architectural and urban planning monuments (five of them of national importance). Before the war, the tourism sector was developing steadily, with new types of tourism services and the formation of tourism clusters. However, Russia's Invasion of Ukraine resulted in a significant decrease in tax revenues, which has a negative impact on tourism. The purpose of this paper is to study the peculiarities and future prospects of tourism development in the Sumy region during the war, based on data from a sociological survey conducted in five Ukrainian frontline regions in the framework of the Estonian-Ukrainian research project "Development of Ukrainian frontline communities and tourism business during the war and future strategy", which was supported by the Estonian Research Agency. The sociological survey was conducted online and included 25 closed and open-ended questions. Survey results were processed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and SPSS Statistics V21.0. A total of 29 respondents (20.1%) from the Sumy region participated in the sociological survey, 69% of whom live in urban areas and 31% in rural areas. Analysis of the areas of activity of the tourism respondents from the Sumy region revealed that urban respondents were more representative of tourism businesses (tour operators, travel agents, sole proprietors, etc.), while rural respondents were predominantly representatives of tourist attractions (museums, educational and recreational facilities, etc.). Responses to the following questions were analyzed: pre-war tourism activities, wartime tourism activities, changes in tourism, prospects for tourism development, threats and opportunities for tourism development, problems in the tourism sector, prospects for tourism development, and advantages in cluster cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on existing approaches to assessing the quality of life and similar concepts in human capital management, a quality of life index for young people is proposed. It takes into account the factors of four groups that determine the subjective satisfaction with the quality of life: Economic environment; Socio-political environment; Social environment; Natural environment. Partial factors and their corresponding quality of life indicators are adapted to the assessments of young people, whose needs and interests differ significantly from other age groups due to differences in the values of generations and features of economic activity at a young age. The methodology developed by the authors is based on taking into account subjective assessments of the level of satisfaction with quality of life factors, as well as their importance based on the determination of weights. As a result of testing the methodology, it was found that the most important factors for a positive perception of quality of life are the social environment, in particular, family relationships and health. Economic and environmental factors have approximately the same effect. Socio-political environment factors have the least influence. Due to material well-being and the quality of socio-political life, satisfaction with the life of employed youth is slightly higher (by 3%). Instead, respondents who do not work are more satisfied with social comfort. The integrated index of quality of life of the interviewed youth is 3,438 points out of 5 maximum. The methodology and results of the assessment are useful for the development of national and regional programs and strategies of human capital development due to increase the level of satisfaction of material, spiritual and cultural needs of young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Portugal, in the 1960s and 1970s, there was research concerning a system of the architectural design of housing for economically less favored populations, which related sociological information with analogical computational methods and culminated with its application in the Local Ambulatory Support Service (SAAL). This article presents the digitization process of these methods for the development of an architectural design system for social housing. The main goal is to improve methodological procedures for the original research and, specifically, to adapt them to computational design and modeling processes. To this end, this research transposed the aforementioned methodology into an algorithmic model that matches sociological information acquired from an online form with a database of social housing floor plan images to generate a building information modeling (BIM) directly from the selected image source. The result is an algorithmic model informed by sociological data linked with a BIM model to enable further rationalization of architectural design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To consider the possibility of developing ecological tourism in the districts of the North Kazakhstan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan, based on the conducted sociological research and the available natural and recreational potential. The analysis of the conducted sociological survey is given, using methods of statistical and mathematical processing. Visualization of the presented materials was carried out by means of mapping. The study and analysis of the data obtained allowed us to reveal the natural and recreational potential of the studied areas and determine the degree of their demand as objects for tourism development. The results of the sociological survey determined the possibility and necessity of the development of regional ecological tourism, the uniqueness of local natural and recreational facilities by respondents. A cartographic material has been prepared that clearly reflects the opportunities, problems and prospects for the development of the tourism industry in the region. The natural and recreational potential of the territory of the North Kazakhstan region is certainly of interest. Natural and recreational facilities that are potential for the development of the tourism industry in the North Kazakhstan region have been identified on the territory of the studied areas. The border position of the North Kazakhstan region makes it possible for tourists from Russia to visit it. The results of the sociological survey allow us to conclude that the study of the native land has a positive effect on the patriotic education of the younger generation, and is also one of the factors in the development of eco-tourism.

The research aimed to investigate the impacts of climate change and water availability on the socio-economic aspects and overall health of the population in Aral District of Kyzylorda Region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The study was based on the following indicators: demographic characteristics of fertility, mortality (total, infant, maternal), natural population growth and life expectancy, population health indicators, disease incidence growth due to adverse ecology and harsh climate in 2005- 2019. In addition, a sociological survey was conducted (August 31-September 10) in 15 settlements inside the study area that included 120 people. The survey aimed to collect feedback from the district residents on their general well-being and health status. The questionnaires and survey allowed establishing that overall the residents in the study area were satisfied with their level of income, did not associate their health condition with climate change, and did not intend to migrate elsewhere. In other words, in Aral District of Kyzylorda Region population migration occurs mainly due to the desire to obtain secondary and higher education, as well as improve housing conditions. Water supply in the study area showed no significant regression relation with climate change due to the installation of water pumps and delivery of drinking by water tank trucks. The most important finding is that – contrary to the initial hypothesis – based on the survey outcomes, the district demonstrates a stable increase in population due to births and immigration. Thus, according to this study Kazakhstan’s section of the Aral Sea Region manifests no catastrophic situation.

The purpose of this article is to describe the "Barometer of religious life", a project aimed at mapping the Romanian public's perception of the religious phenomenon. The Barometer reached its second edition in December 2021. We will dwell on a series of methodological clarifications, we will draw some trends that emerge from both editions of the study (2020 and 2021). We will also identify "key findings" of the mentioned research and future analysis possibilities.

This article explores the features of economic behavior using the category «life cycle». The relevance of the research is explained by the fact that studies of the economic behavior of the population in terms of traditional variables, namely the level of income and consumption patterns, show uniform results. However, income and consumption vary with age, marital status, presence of children, family size, i. e. differentiated according to the stages of the life path of individuals and their groups. The aim of the research is to identify the features of the economic behavior of the population (on the example of financial behavior) by the stages of life cycle. We tested that not only individual demographic characteristics, but also a certain set of them determine differences in the behavior. Methods: general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, systematization and generalization), methods of sociological analysis of data from mass surveys (descriptive analysis, decomposition). The information base was compiled by a sociological survey of the population of the Vologda Oblast, conducted in the fall of 2018 by the Vologda Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Results and conclusions. To form the «life cycle» category, we used a set of three variables – age, marital status, presence of children. As a result, 10 demographic groups were formed, corresponding to the stages of beginning and development, maturity, vanishing («extinction»). It was established that demographic groups at the stage of beginning and development are distinguished by a low proportion of those who have savings, a predominance of savings for the purchase of an apartment and expensive things, compliance with the loan payment schedule, and satisfactory financial knowledge and skills. It was determined that demographic groups at the stage of maturity are characterized by a high proportion of those who have savings and use loans, various purposes of savings, frequent violations of the loan payment schedule, and high self-assessments of financial literacy. It is shown that demographic groups at the stage of vanishing are characterized by high savings activity, the prevalence of savings for medical treatment, and low self-assessments of financial literacy. The results showed that category «life cycle» allows us to expand our understanding of the strategies of economic behavior implemented by the population.

The control and supervisory state function reform by a new risk-oriented model implementing has two major complementary goals: reducing the administrative burden on business while enhancing the safety of legally protected values. For the education sector, this model has been implementing since 2015, actualising the study of its applying experience by vocational organisations in the Russian regions under state supervision. The purposes of the study are to investigate the readiness of controlled entities to effectively applying of risk-based state control model, and to collect data for the development of new proposals to improve framework and law enforcement practice of control and supervision activities in education. The study is based on expert assessment of a new model application experience and an analysis of controlled entities opinions on used methodologies. For the first time, the relation of professional educational organisations to indicated problems was investigated and the respondents’ proposals for improving new processes were analysed in the article. The scientific novelty of the study is the applying of