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Can Norway be an important hydrogen exporter to the European Union (EU) by 2030? We explore three scenarios in which Norway's hydrogen export market may develop: A Business-as-usual, B Moderate Onshore, C Accelerated Offshore. Applying a sector-coupled energy system model, we examine the techno-economic viability, spatial and socio-economic considerations for blue and green hydrogen export in the form of ammonia by ship. Our results estimate the costs of low-carbon hydrogen to be 3.5–7.3€/kg hydrogen. While Norway may be cost-competitive in blue hydrogen exports to the EU, its sustainability is limited by the reliance on natural gas and the nascent infrastructure for carbon transport and storage. For green hydrogen exports, Norway may leverage its strong relations with the EU, but is less cost-competitive than countries like Chile and Morocco, which benefit from cheaper solar power. For all scenarios, significant land use is needed to generate enough renewable energy. Developing a green hydrogen-based export market requires policy support and strategic investments in technology, infrastructure and stakeholder engagement, ensuring a more equitable distribution of renewable installations across Norway and national security in the north. Using carbon capture and storage technologies and offshore wind to decarbonise the offshore platforms is a win-win solution that would leave more electricity for developing new industries and demonstrate the economic viability of these technologies. Finally, for Norway to become a key hydrogen exporter to the EU will require a balanced approach that emphasises public acceptance and careful land use management to avoid costly consequences. • Costs range at €3.50–4.23/kg blue hydrogen, or €5.18–7.25/kg green hydrogen. • Norway has a price advantage over global suppliers for blue hydrogen export to the EU. • Norwegian green hydrogen may be undercut by global suppliers with cheaper electricity. • Offshore wind-based hydrogen is more politically acceptable, but is more expensive. • Balancing blue and green hydrogen exports involves short- and long-term trade-offs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trans healthcare has traditionally been dominated by the perspectives of cis clinicians, with trans and service user voices side-lined. The voices and perspectives of trans children are rarely centered in clinical literature, with potential consequences for the design, delivery and evaluation of pediatric trans healthcare services. This article examines literature on the association between social transition and mental health in trans children, exploring the inclusion or exclusion of child reported data. Modern research studies on the relationship between social transition and well-being in trans children are examined, investigating what data sources underpin each analysis. A recent clinician authored article on the relationship between social transition and mental health is then reviewed in greater depth. This article is evaluated, drawing attention to data limitations and reflecting on the implications of the study's approach to data. Data limitations related to social transition are identified, exploring the omission of trans child perspectives on 1) social transition 2) name change and 3) ease of social transition. Mental health data limitations are reviewed considering 4) the combination of research with clinical assessments. Additional limitations relate to the absence of 5) child or family perspectives on mental health 6) data on euphoria and 7) data on gender minority stress. The reviewed article's approach to data is critiqued, highlighting the limitations of a reliance on clinician reported measures and the consequences of the exclusion of child reported measures. The article calls for greater prioritization of child and service user perspectives in healthcare research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Background Method Results Conclusion Implications The aim of this study is to examine how the patriarchal structure affects Bedouin men's role in the family and how this role affects their masculinity.How the patriarchal structure affects Bedouin women and constrains them has been studied extensively, but there is a dearth of research on how it affects young Bedouin men—especially those who are the sons of men with higher education—who have been influenced by modernization and exposure to Israeli society.This is a qualitative study in the phenomenological tradition, using a semistructured in‐depth interview, of 20 young Bedouin men.Four themes were identified. “Power that I did not choose”: The patriarchal structure gives young men power and authority that they do not choose and cannot oppose. “The mirror of the older men is important”: Fulfilling the traditional Bedouin man's role is crucial for obtaining their elders' approval of their masculinity. “Responsibility”: The men have responsibility. “Masculine juggling”: The young men must negotiate their aspirations that conflict with society's expectations.The change that traditional Bedouin society is undergoing creates many challenges for young Bedouin men. These include having to be the authority figure in a patriarchal structure and the protector of the female family members, roles that often conflict with the men's personal desire for equality between the sexes and among family members.The findings may be useful in planning support programs for educated young Bedouin men and may contribute to the understanding of the challenges facing men in Bedouin families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundSocial transition is one of the multi-level mechanisms that influence health disparities. However, it has received less attention as one of the non-traditional social determinants of health. A few studies have examined China’s social transition and its impact on health inequality in self-rated health (SRH). Therefore, this study explores the impact of China’s market-oriented reforms—social transition and socioeconomic status (SES)—on residents’ SRH.MethodsUsing the cross-sectional data from the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) in 2017, we analyzed the effects of social transition and SES on the SRH of Chinese residents using the RIF (Recentered influence function) method. The RIF decomposition method investigated health differences among different populations and their determinants.ResultsSocial transition and SES have significant positive effects on the SRH of Chinese residents. The correlation between SES and the SRH of Chinese residents is moderated by social transition, implying that social transition can weaken the correlation between SES and the SRH of Chinese residents. The impacts of SES and social transition on SRH vary across populations.ConclusionPromoting social transition and favoring disadvantaged groups with more resources are urgently needed to promote equitable health outcomes.

Invasive social insects rank among the most damaging of terrestrial species. They are responsible for extensive damage and severely threaten the biodiversity of environments where they are introduced. Variation in colony social form commonly occurs in introduced populations of yellowjacket wasps (genus Vespula). In particular, invasive colonies may contain multiple queens (i.e., polygyne) and persist several years, while in the native range, the colonies are usually annual and harbor a single queen (i.e., monogyne). In this study, we used genome-wide loci obtained by double digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) to investigate the genetic structure and queen turnover in colonies of the western yellowjacket, Vespula pensylvanica, in their introduced range in Hawaii. Of the 27 colonies monitored over four months (October-January), 19 were polygyne and already contained multiple queens on the first day of sampling. Contrary to previous speculation, this finding suggests that polygyny often arises early in the annual colony cycle, before the production of new queens in the fall. Furthermore, polygyne colonies exhibited a prolonged average lifespan relative to those headed by a single queen. As a result, there is no clear window during which colony eradication efforts would be more effective than upon first discovery. The relatedness among nestmate queens was slightly above zero, indicating that these colonies are generally composed of nonrelatives. The queen turnover within each colony was low, and we detected some full-sibling workers sampled up to four months apart. Finally, we did not detect any population structure among colonies, suggesting that queens disperse up to several kilometers. Taken together, our results provide the first insights into the requeening dynamics in this invasive and incipiently polygyne population and illuminate the early establishment of multiple long-lasting queens in these damaging colonies.

Abstract Background Gender-diverse young people experience a cisnormative world and are subject to unique minority stressors, which have been found to contribute to adverse mental health. This research aims to understand the social and personal context unique to gender-diverse people that young people navigate prior to attending specialised services. Methods The baseline measure of a newly developed questionnaire, the GIDS Gender Questionnaire (GIDS-GQ), was sent to all young people (or caregivers for those aged under 12) attending the Gender Identity Development Service (GIDS). Eighty-four young people and caregivers completed the questionnaire, with eighty-one included in the final sample (M = 15.77 years, SD = 1.83, range = 9–17; assigned female at birth = 72, assigned male at birth = 9). Questionnaires were emailed to participants via an online survey between one and three appointments with the Service. Data were collected between April 2021 and February 2022. Results All young people had initiated a social transition, with 75.3% categorised as fully socially transitioned. More young people reported experiencing transphobic bullying (64.2%) and a lack of acceptance of their gender identity (85.1%) in the past (lifetime) than in the 6 months prior to attending the service (transphobic bullying: 12.3%; non-acceptance: 49.4%). 94.5% of the sample reported disliked body parts, most commonly breasts (80.8%), genitals (37%), and hips (31.5%). Participants most commonly reported a decrease in their mood (61.25%) and most areas of social connectedness. Conclusions The majority of this sample had socially transitioned, were supported in their identification, and had experienced less transphobic bullying and non-acceptance prior to commencing services. However, young people continued to dislike their bodies, and experience low mood and social connectedness. Future research is needed to understand how clinical support can help reduce the impact of these external/distal minority stressors by promoting social connectedness, incorporating such learnings into clinical practice and subsequent policy in clinical work with gender-diverse young people.

Objective: This research explored experiences of prepubertal social transition, listening to trans children who were affirmed in childhood, as well as hearing from their parents. Background: Despite being a topic of significant importance, there is limited qualitative literature on parents' or indeed children's experiences of prepubertal social transition and little qualitative research on how childhood rejection or affirmation influences well‐being. Method: This study examines qualitative data from 30 parents with experience supporting a trans child to socially transition at average age 7 years (range 3–10 years), alongside data from 10 of the trans children. Data were analyzed through inductive reflexive thematic analysis. Results: The first major theme explored experiences pretransition, with subthemes on children correcting assumptions, becoming distressed, struggling alone, reaching crisis, or growing withdrawn and frustrated. The second major theme examined experiences posttransition, with subthemes on a weight being lifted, validation at school, and well‐being. Conclusion: This qualitative research complements existing quantitative evidence on the importance of social transition, with childhood affirmation critical to the happiness and well‐being of trans children. Implications: The research has significant relevance for parents of trans children, professionals working with families, and policymakers and legislators influencing policy and practice toward trans children and their families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parents that provide parental care must balance the conservation of resources with the benefits of expenditure in support of existing offspring. There is added complexity in social systems in which siblings also contribute to brood care, wherein dynamic social interactions exist, and brood care can influence group fitness. Most bumble bees are annually eusocial insects in which queens undergo a stark transition from living a solitary, to subsocial, to eusocial lifestyle over the course of several weeks as they initiate new nests. We used detailed behavioural analyses of queen bumble bee (Bombus impatiens) parental care behaviour to examine how performance of five parental care-related tasks differs when queens are living in either subsocial conditions (with brood but no adult workers) or as part of a eusocial group with either three or five workers. These three groups reflect the ontogeny of sociality across the early nesting stage. We show for the first time that queen bumble bee parental care behaviour is tightly regulated by the number of helpers in the nest. With three workers in the nest, queens exhibited ∼60% reduction in brood feeding and ∼30% reduction in incubation but no reduction in food collection. However, the addition of just two additional workers resulted in nearly complete cessation of pollen and nectar collection behaviours, whereas in-nest parental care behaviours persisted. We propose that this sequence of behavioural changes might reflect queen avoidance of threats such as predators, parasites or harsh weather. Queens may cease performing tasks outside the nest early in colony development, but only when a threshold number of helpers in the nest is met. More broadly, our results suggest that bumble bee queen parental care behaviour is heavily impacted by the number of helpers in the nest, who may alleviate some of the constraints queens face during nest initiation. • Bumble bee queens dynamically modulated parental care effort in response to helpers. • In-nest task performance was slightly reduced in the presence of three workers. • Out-of-nest task performance was dramatically reduced in the presence of five workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gender-diverse young people experience a cisnormative world and are subject to unique minority stressors, which have been found to contribute to adverse mental health. This research aims to understand the social and personal context unique to gender-diverse people that young people navigate prior to attending specialised services. Methods: The baseline measure of a newly developed questionnaire, the GIDS Gender Questionnaire (GIDS-GQ), was sent to all young people (or caregivers for those aged under 12) attending the Gender Identity Development Service (GIDS). Eighty-four young people and caregivers completed the questionnaire, with eighty-one included in the final sample (M = 15.77 years, SD = 1.83, range = 9–17; assigned female at birth = 72, assigned male at birth = 9). Questionnaires were emailed to participants via an online survey between one and three appointments with the Service. Data were collected between April 2021 and February 2022. Results: All young people had initiated a social transition, with 75.3% categorised as fully socially transitioned. More young people reported experiencing transphobic bullying (64.2%) and a lack of acceptance of their gender identity (85.1%) in the past (lifetime) than in the 6 months prior to attending the service (transphobic bullying: 12.3%; non-acceptance: 49.4%). 94.5% of the sample reported disliked body parts, most commonly breasts (80.8%), genitals (37%), and hips (31.5%). Participants most commonly reported a decrease in their mood (61.25%) and most areas of social connectedness. Conclusions: The majority of this sample had socially transitioned, were supported in their identification, and had experienced less transphobic bullying and non-acceptance prior to commencing services. However, young people continued to dislike their bodies, and experience low mood and social connectedness. Future research is needed to understand how clinical support can help reduce the impact of these external/distal minority stressors by promoting social connectedness, incorporating such learnings into clinical practice and subsequent policy in clinical work with gender-diverse young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New requirements have been proposed for GIS practice teaching in colleges and universities in response to the developmental changes of national and industrial sectors during the social transition. Meanwhile, the underlying core characteristics of GIS should remain unchanged in GIS teaching to ensure they serve as the inherent attributes distinguishing GIS from other disciplines. Therefore, the clarification of the dialectical relationship between “changing” and “unchanging” in GIS practice teaching becomes the primary issue to address in relevant teaching reform. To address this issue, the present study systematically analyzes the structural contradictions in GIS practice teaching in the social transition period, and then closely examines the dialectical relationship between “changing” and “unchanging” from the key aspects of educational philosophy, teaching content, teaching methodology, and teaching assessment. Next, using the course of “GIS Practice Design” at the Central South University as an example, the present study describes this university’s reform and inheritance in GIS practice teaching, aiming to provide reference for GIS practice teaching in other universities or majors.

Abstract Invasive social insects rank among the most damaging of terrestrial species. They are responsible for extensive damage and severely threaten the biodiversity of environments where they are introduced. Variation in colony social form commonly occurs in introduced populations of yellowjacket wasps (genus Vespula). In particular, invasive colonies may contain multiple queens (i.e., polygyne) and persist several years, while in the native range, the colonies are usually annual and harbor a single queen (i.e., monogyne). In this study, we used genome‐wide loci obtained by double digest restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) to investigate the genetic structure and queen turnover in colonies of the western yellowjacket, Vespula pensylvanica, in their introduced range in Hawaii. Of the 27 colonies monitored over four months (October–January), 19 were polygyne and already contained multiple queens on the first day of sampling. Contrary to previous speculation, this finding suggests that polygyny often arises early in the annual colony cycle, before the production of new queens in the fall. Furthermore, polygyne colonies exhibited a prolonged average lifespan relative to those headed by a single queen. As a result, there is no clear window during which colony eradication efforts would be more effective than upon first discovery. The relatedness among nestmate queens was slightly above zero, indicating that these colonies are generally composed of nonrelatives. The queen turnover within each colony was low, and we detected some full‐sibling workers sampled up to four months apart. Finally, we did not detect any population structure among colonies, suggesting that queens disperse up to several kilometers. Taken together, our results provide the first insights into the requeening dynamics in this invasive and incipiently polygyne population and illuminate the early establishment of multiple long‐lasting queens in these damaging colonies.

Background: Gender incongruent children report lower self-perception compared to the norm population. This study explored differences in self-perception between children living in their gender role assigned at birth and children living in their experienced gender role. Method: The self-perception questionnaire was administered to 312 children referred to the Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria 'Amsterdam UMC'. Social transition status was determined by parental interviews. 2 (social transition) by 2 (sex assigned at birth) ANCOVA's were conducted. Results: Children living in their assigned gender role reported comparable self-perception to children living in their experienced gender role. Birth assigned girls living in their assigned gender role reported poorer self-perception on 'athletic competence', compared to girls living in their experienced gender role. Birth assigned boys living in their assigned gender role reported poorer on 'scholastic competence' and 'behavioral conduct' compared to boys living in their experienced gender role. Conclusions: Social transition did not show to affect self-perception. Self-perception was poorer for birth assigned boys living in their experienced gender role. For birth assigned girls this was reversed. Future studies should give more insight in the role of social transitions in relation to child development and focus on other aspects related to self-perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Society: Chinese Journal of Sociology / Shehui is the property of Society: Chinese Journal of Sociology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines the evolving rural-urban landscape in China's rapid urbanization, contextualized within post-1978 social transitions. Using a socio-spatial analytics approach and mechanism theory, we compare rural-urban land use dynamics (RULD) in Kunshan and Nanhai, located in the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions respectively. The study analyzes factors driving RULD changes through actors' practices, attributing differences to globalization timing, land rights consciousness, and resulting path dependencies. These elements have shaped political-commercial alliances and land development norms, leading to inconsistent RULD over time. Two key arguments emerge: First, contemporary RULD divergence stems from socioeconomic transitions, distinct from environmental constraints in agrarian societies. Second, this divergence reflects cross-scale state-market-society interactions at the macro level, while resulting from multi-scale actor negotiations at the micro level. This research contributes to understanding complex urbanization processes in transitional economies, offering insights into socio-spatial dynamics of rural-urban transformations. • Links the rural-urban land use dynamics with broader social transitions. • Examines rural-urban land use dynamics in county urbanization through comparative practice research. • Demonstrates the impact of political and business alliances on rural-urban land-use pattern reconfiguration. • Examines multi-scale actor negotiations in rural-urban land use dynamics, revealing state-market-society interplays. • Path dependency has led to inconsistent rural-urban land use dynamics over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within transgender children's healthcare there are two competing paradigms on appropriate support for pre-pubertal trans children, 'affirmation' and 'delayed transition'. Parents of trans children accordingly face conflicting advice on the appropriate timing of 'social transition', where social transition connotes external acceptance and affirmation of a child's identity. This innovative research brings experience-based insights from 30 UK-based parents (93% female), who supported 30 trans children to socially transition at an average age of seven years old (range 3–10 years old). Data were analyzed through inductive reflexive thematic analysis to understand interviewee experiences and perceptions related to the timing of social transition. Analysis highlights two broad themes; firstly, the influence of cisnormativity on delay, with parents revealing deeply embedded resistance to trans possibilities. Secondly, parental perception of delays causing distress, even in families who may be considered affirming. The study reinforces existing research on the importance of affirmation and family support. The study also highlights the support parents may need to overcome cisnormative barriers to supportiveness, and the distress, frustration and trauma that trans children may experience, even within affirming families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalization and transition are two processes that have the same goal and that goal is to change the current or existing state. Globalization is change on a global scale while the transition is taking place within one or more countries. Globalization has made the world different. From the first economists Adam Smith and David Ricardo to today's economic theorists, the basis of social change, especially at the global level, is a change in the sphere of economy and in the economic structure of both the developed and the developing countries. Economic changes condition both the social as well as the political changes. These changes do not come one without the other. The common basis and desire of the agents of change is to achieve them in accordance with the set goals and achievements that are desirable for its protagonists. However, changes often take place against the will and expectations of its protagonists and actors. The consequences are often unpredictable although controlled and programmed. The programmed changes are part of the globalization strategy whose actors are developed countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I discuss the reconstruction offered by Fabio Bruschi of the Althusserian theory of social transformation. In particular, I consider the way in which the emergence of historical novelty is conceived, comparing it with other theories. Subsequently, I critically examine the interpretation that he offers of the so-called "materialism of encounter", thereby raising some objections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many transgender and gender diverse (TGD) youth undergo a social transition in which they change their gender expression to align with their gender identity. Our objective was to examine associations between timing of social transition (during the prepubertal childhood period, adolescence, or adulthood) and adult mental health outcomes. We conducted a secondary analysis of the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey, a cross-sectional nonprobability survey of 27,715 TGD adults in the United States. Based on self-reports, participants were categorized as having undergone social transition during childhood (ages 3–9 years), adolescence (ages 10–17 years), or adulthood (ages ≥18 years). Using multivariable logistic regression, we examined associations between timing of social transition and adult mental health outcomes. After adjusting for demographic and potential confounding variables, childhood social transition was associated with lower odds of lifetime marijuana use (adjusted odds ratio.7, 95% confidence interval =.5–.8, p <.0001) when compared with adult social transition. Before adjusting for K-12 harassment based on gender identity, adolescent social transition was associated with adverse mental health outcomes, including greater odds of lifetime suicide attempts when compared with adult social transition (adjusted odds ratio 1.3, 95% confidence interval = 1.1–1.7, p =.004). These associations were no longer significant after further adjusting for K-12 harassment. Although past research has shown TGD youth who undergo social transition have favorable mental health outcomes in the short term, they may have worse mental health in adulthood if not protected from K-12 harassment based on gender identity. It is the responsibility of clinicians to emphasize the importance of adolescents having safe and affirming social environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Social transition is one of the multi-level mechanisms that influence health disparities. However, it has received less attention as one of the non-traditional social determinants of health. A few studies have examined China's social transition and its impact on health inequality in self-rated health (SRH). Therefore, this study explores the impact of China's market-oriented reforms-social transition and socioeconomic status (SES)-on residents' SRH., Methods: Using the cross-sectional data from the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) in 2017, we analyzed the effects of social transition and SES on the SRH of Chinese residents using the RIF (Recentered influence function) method. The RIF decomposition method investigated health differences among different populations and their determinants., Results: Social transition and SES have significant positive effects on the SRH of Chinese residents. The correlation between SES and the SRH of Chinese residents is moderated by social transition, implying that social transition can weaken the correlation between SES and the SRH of Chinese residents. The impacts of SES and social transition on SRH vary across populations., Conclusion: Promoting social transition and favoring disadvantaged groups with more resources are urgently needed to promote equitable health outcomes., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Gao, Zeng, Liao and Yang.)

The crisis triggered by Covid-19 has accelerated a process of rethinking of contemporary living forms, already underway for some time, started in recent years especially by the fight against climate change and by the movements for the ‘right to the city’. This contribution proposes a reflection on two levels: that of medium and long-term international urban policies, and that of solidarity practices experimented in the city of Florence, taken as a case study. The article therefore offers a critical summary of some international policy documents dedicated to the response of cities to Covid-19. In the part dedicated to the case study, it describes the emergence of self-organized solidarity networks created in response to the immediate needs of the inhabitants, excluded from institutional emergency measures. In conclusion, it is highlighted how the indications of European policies point towards a more inclusive, sustainable and digital city and towards a different model of tourist use. At the same time, it can be observed that convincing hypotheses for a territorial restart of strong political value come from the realities active in solidarity mutualism. At the basis of these visions lie, in our opinion, a renewed centrality of public policies and collective space, an ability for interinstitutional and cooperative dialogue with the various social components, an attention to the bioregional scale for an effective ecological transition.

As on many other European islands, the energy system of Mayotte suffers from low reliability of supply, low share of renewable energies, and high costs of supply. Residential Demand Response (DR) schemes can significantly increase the flexibility of the inherent weak power grid, increasing the potential for renewable energy integration. Given that active involvement of the population is required to unlock the potential of DR, pre-assessing the population’s preferences in DR is vital to tailor favorable schemes and assure long-term uptake of the solution. As a fundamental study, this paper assesses the population’s preferences on direct load control (DLC), electricity tariffs, major motivation, and remuneration goods by processing findings from a survey of 146 residents on Mayotte. Advanced k-means cluster analysis, multinomial logistic regression, one-way analysis of variance, and Chi-square tests were applied to the survey responses to identify socio-demographic influencers. The results indicate four distinct groups of people concerning their interest in DR schemes, with increasing age being a significant predictor for higher interest. Interest in DLC varies with the device/appliance controlled and socio-demographic characteristics. The preferred tariffs correspond to the results of previous literature. Financial incentives play a subordinate role in the main motivation for participation compared to social and environmental attractions as well as non-monetary remuneration goods, supporting the impression of a high sense of community and suitability of islands as laboratories for energy innovations. Follow-up studies must reflect on the ability/willingness to pay as well as the current state of awareness and knowledge of electricity supply to validate speculations on underlying reasons for DR preferences and flag constraints for the DR scheme implementation.

Research provides inconclusive results on whether a social gender transition (e.g. name, pronoun, and clothing changes) benefits transgender children or children with a Gender Dysphoria (GD) diagnosis. This study examined the relationship between social transition status and psychological functioning outcomes in a clinical sample of children with a GD diagnosis. Psychological functioning (Child Behavior Checklist; CBCL), the degree of a social transition, general family functioning (GFF), and poor peer relations (PPR) were assessed via parental reports of 54 children (range 5–11 years) from the Hamburg Gender Identity Service (GIS). A multiple linear regression analysis examined the impact of the social transition status on psychological functioning, controlled for gender, age, socioeconomic status (SES), PPR and GFF. Parents reported significantly higher scores for all CBCL scales in comparison to the German age-equivalent norm population. Peer problems and worse family functioning were significantly associated with impaired psychological functioning, whilst the degree of social transition did not significantly predict the outcome. Therefore, claims that gender affirmation through transitioning socially is beneficial for children with GD could not be supported from the present results. Instead, the study highlights the importance of individual social support provided by peers and family, independent of exploring additional possibilities of gender transition during counseling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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During China's recent social transition, rural communities have experienced rapid changes in resources, organizational structure, and governance due to urbanization, rural industrialization, and rural-urban migration. How these communities react to social adversity and uncertainty can be assessed with an index of perceived community resilience. Using a Chinese version of the perceived community resilience scale, we analyze data from a multilevel survey of two rural counties in central China. Latent profile analysis and a multilevel regression mixture model are employed to classify community resilience and to explore how the social-ecological system influences this classification. Community resilience is classified into "autonomous community", "cooperative community", and "authoritative community", and we find the proportion of cooperative communities to be the highest and the proportion of autonomous communities is lowest. These results suggest that cooperation among rural residents in rural communities is increasing. How rural residents perceive community resilience is based on their individual features, which reflect the impacts of recent social changes on livelihoods. Socio-ecological variables, including geographical features, financial status, social networks, and traditional culture, have significant effects on the categories of community resilience. In today's China, rural residents have decreased their dependence on rural leaders and increased cooperation at the community level. Some autonomous communities may be unsustainable as they are populated mainly by the elderly and have insufficient resources to be adaptable. • Scales are developed to assess how rural residents perceive community resilience in transitional rural China. • Community resilience reflects how people feel about their communities and how they and their leaders address problems. • Latent profile analysis suggests three main categories of rural communities: cooperative, authoritative, and autonomous. • Increase in cooperation between rural residents and community administrators predicted as the social transition proceeds. • Multilevel regression mixture model explores connections between latent group categories and social-ecological covariates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Until recently, trans persons were expected to align their sex characteristics as much as possible with the opposite sex. Today, research and health care, as well as the diagnostic criteria from DSM-5 and ICD-11, reflect a broader understanding of trans individuals. It encompasses diverse identities and treatment requests, including trans individuals not wanting or having decided against gender-affirmative medical interventions (GAMI). The present study explored this insufficiently studied group by (1) reviewing the existing literature regarding trans individuals not seeking GAMI and by (2) exploring their demographic and trans-related characteristics in a non-clinical online convenience sample from Germany. The literature review found one large survey with a single question on trans individuals not seeking GAMI. Beyond that, only community literature addressed the topic. The analyzed sample consisted of 415 trans participants, of whom 220 were assigned female at birth (AFAB) and 195 were assigned male at birth (AMAB). Fourteen (3.4%) reported neither previous nor planned GAMI (AFAB = 9, AMAB = 5). Trans individuals not seeking GAMI were significantly older and more often reported to identify with a non-binary gender. The two interdependent, central reasons for refusing GAMI were the avoidance of transition-related suffering and the lack of necessity for treatment. The diversification of gender, as reflected in the increasing visibility of non-binary or genderqueer gender identities, seems to go hand in hand with a diversification of transition-related treatment, including the option not to seek GAMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We test the hypothesis that physiological stress increased in response to increasing social turmoil following waves of colonization and social transition. The ways local conditions, including variation in geography, environment, and levels of urbanization impact physiological stress are also explored. In Albania, the historic period is a sequence of different waves of colonization. Skeletal data come from three Albanian archaeological sites: Apollonia (n = 231), Durrës (n = 246), and Lofkënd (n = 129). Prevalence of cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis, linear enamel hypoplasia, and periosteal new bone formation are analyzed using chi-square and logistic regression tests. We observe increased skeletal manifestations of physiological stress between prehistoric and historic groups, but physiological stress is generally consistent through time. General increase in skeletal pathology between prehistoric and historic periods corresponds to broad increases in political unrest associated with colonization spanning the entire historic period. However, little difference in physiological stress across colonization episodes (Greek, Roman, Byzantine, Bulgarian, Ottoman) suggests skeletal health is affected similarly by colonization, regardless of particularities in method and type of colonial control. Examining human response to social change across broad time scales is useful in identifying broad patterns in the human experience. Exploring variation across broad time scales and multiple sites is potentially problematic because confounding factors could impact results and interpretations. Environmental, social, and geographic differences, likely impacted the lives and lifestyles of individuals living in the past and should be explored further to understand the nuances in local response to colonization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Asian Journal of Women's Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To examine self-rated health (SRH) trajectories by age, period and cohort in the dynamic environment of China and to focus on sex, educational, family economic status (FES) and regional disparities in these temporal trajectories. Repeated cross-sectional data from the World Value Survey from 1990 to 2012 (n = 7731) were used. An age-period-cohort (APC) model with an intrinsic estimator method was applied, using SRH as a continuous variable to analyse SRH trajectories by age, period and cohort in different groups in China. Robust analyses were conducted using SRH as a binary variable and a hierarchical APC cross-classified random effects model. SRH was adversely associated with age, and a global trend of declining SRH was observed between 1990 and 2012; however, SRH generally increased across successive cohorts in China. SRH was better in males, individuals from the eastern region, and in those with higher levels of education and higher FES. Regional and FES disparities in SRH increased with age and across successive cohorts; however, educational disparities in SRH first decreased and then increased with age and across successive cohorts, and sex disparities in SRH decreased across successive cohorts, in general. A well-performing social environment is related to better population health. The cumulative disadvantage in health among individuals from underprivileged regions/families with less education should be the focus of social transition in China. • Chinese self-rated health (SRH) varied with age, period and cohort. • A cumulative advantage/disadvantage was observed in group disparities in SRH trajectories. • Sex disparities in SRH decreased across successive cohorts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following steep falls in birth rates in Central and Eastern European countries during the economic and institutional restructuring of the early 1990s, governments made substantial efforts to stop or at least reduce the fertility decline. In Hungary, parents with three or more children could benefit from specific new policy measures: the flat-rate child-rearing support paid from the youngest child's third to eighth birthdays (signalling recognition of stay-at-home motherhood) and a redesigned and upgraded tax relief system. However, the success of these policy measures, if any, is difficult to detect in aggregate statistics. Analysing data from the Hungarian Generations and Gender Survey, we rely on event history methods to examine the policies' effects on third birth risks, especially among different socio-economic groups. The results indicate that while the child-rearing support increased third birth risks among the least educated, the generous tax relief had a similar effect for parents with tertiary education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Little is known about the interaction between gender and low birth weight (LBW) and lifelong social mobility as an explanation of the etiology of obesity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate total and central obesity according to gender, LBW and social mobility, within the context of the epidemiological transition in middle-income countries. We hypothesize that there are more pronounced metabolic consequences of social mobility for women born with LBW. Methods We used data from a birth cohort study conducted in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. Data regarding anthropometric measurements, schooling and smoking status were collected at 23-25 years of age. Social mobility was determined based on maternal and adult offspring schooling and categorized as Low-Low, Low-High and High-High. Analysis of covariance was performed to assess the association between social mobility and body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference (WC) in adulthood, stratified by LBW and gender. Results Data on 6827 singleton pregnancies were collected at birth in 1978/79 and a sample was followed up in 2002/04. A total of 2063 subjects were included in the study. Mean age was 23.9 ± 0.7 years, 51.8% (n = 1068) were female and the LBW was 6.2% (n = 128). There was a triple interaction between social mobility, LBW and gender. Among women born without LBW, BMI and WC were higher in the Low-Low group compared to High-High schooling group. Among LBW women, BMI and WC were higher in the Low-Low group compared to the Low-High group. Conclusions Women born with LBW belonging to the low schooling group in early adulthood had high BMI and WC, compared to the Low-High social mobility group.

In competition for food, territory and mates, male fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) engage in agonistic encounters with conspecifics. The fighting strategies used to obtain these resources are influenced by previous and present experience, environmental cues, and the internal state of the animal including hormonal and genetic influences. Animals that experience prior defeats show submissive behavior and are more likely to lose 2nd contests, while animals that win 1st fights are more aggressive and have a higher probability of winning 2nd contests. In a recent report, we examined these loser and winner effects in greater detail and demonstrated that both winners and losers show short-term memory of the results of previous bouts while only losers demonstrate a longer-term memory that requires protein synthesis. The recent findings also suggested that an individual recognition mechanism likely exists that can serve important roles in evaluating the fighting ability of opponents and influencing future fighting strategy. In this article, we follow up on these results by asking how previous defeated and victorious flies change their fighting strategies in the presence of 2nd losing and winning flies, by searching for evidence of territory marking, and discussing the existing literature in light of our findings.

In the context of social evolution research, great emphasis on kin-selected benefits has led to an understanding of parental care as one of the activities that helpers can perform in extended cooperative families. Nevertheless, this perspective might have precluded a deeper understanding of the implications of parental care for social evolution. We argue that parental care is a broader set of processes playing a key role both before and during the emergence of sociality. The care system of a species may be understood as the result of long coevolutionary processes with environmental pressures during pre-social stages that impact transitions to sociality. We evaluate the present framework against evidence on the evolution of parental care and transitions toward sociality in subsocial and parasocial vertebrate and invertebrate species. Moreover, following previous evidence for the importance of modes of foraging and resting, we structure our inquiry by classifying societies into three types. Our results suggest that in “central place foragers” and “fortress defenders”, ecological factors promoting the evolution of parental care foster a set of coevolutionary feedback loops resulting in increases in parental effort and offspring needs. Offspring needs alone or in combination with limited breeding options enhance the relative benefits of positive social interactions, catalyzing transitions to sociality. In “itinerant foragers”, sociality is associated with colonizing new niches. Changes in predation pressure entail changes in the modes of care or selection for certain types of care already present in solitary ancestors. Further changes in the form of collective defense may be needed for permanent sociality to evolve. We conclude that there is evidence that social transitions to different types of societies are the result of long coevolutionary processes between environmental pressures and the care systems in a wide variety of taxa. Therefore, advances in the study of the origins of sociality may require further investigation of parental care evolution in solitary ancestors of today's social species.

To understand the urbanization process, it is essential to detect urban spatial growth and to study relations with social development. In this study, we take Wuhan as a case to examine urban land growth patterns and how social factors relate to the urban land evolution between 1990, 2000, and 2010. We first classify land cover using Landsat images and examine the urban growth patterns during various stages based on landscape metrics regarding the area, density, and shape. Afterwards, principal component analysis and census data are used to extract key social factors. Thirdly, we apply geographically weighted regression (GWR) to depict the link between urban land metrics and social factors. The results indicate that the urban land coalescence and diffusion simultaneously exist, for which redevelopment, infilling, and edge expansion dominate the city center, and diffusion dominates the peripheral areas. The social factors have global regression relationships with urban land areas while local spatial non-stationarity presents in the relationships with the urban land patch shape irregularities. Industrial upgrading, educational levelling up, and population aging show significant with local heterogeneities in the relationships. The simulation of the relationship provides a social-spatial perspective to understand urban land growth. The authors conclude that sustainable urban management should consider the coexistence of different urban spatial growth models and underline social transitions when examining the urban growth process. This works for cities in rapidly urbanizing countries or regions.

This introduction to the special issue on "Political Masculinities and Social Transition" rethinks the notion of "crisis in masculinity" and points to its weaknesses, such as cyclical patterns and chronicity. Rather than viewing key moments in history as points of rupture, we understand social change as encompassing ongoing transitions marked by a "fluid nature" (Montecinos 2017, 2). In line with this, the contributions examine how political masculinities are implicated within a wide range of social transitions, such as nation building after war, the founding of a new political party in response to an economic crisis, an "authoritarian relapse" in a democracy, attempts at changing society through terrorism, rapid industrialization as well as peace building in conflict areas. Building on Starck and Sauer's definition of "political masculinities" we suggest applying the concept to instances in which power is explicitly either being (re)produced or challenged. We distinguish between political masculinities that are more readily identified as such (e.g., professional politicians) and less readily identified political masculinities (e.g., citizens), emphasizing how these interact with each other. We ask whether there is a discernible trajectory in the characteristics of political masculinities brought about by social transition that can be confirmed across cultures. The contributors' findings indicate that these political masculinities can contribute to different kinds of change that either maintain the status quo, are progressive, retrogressive, or a mixture of these. Revolutionary transitions, it seems, often promote the adherence to traditional forms of political masculinity, whereas more reformatory transition leaves discursive spaces for argument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transgender individuals are disproportionately affected by negative mental and sexual health outcomes. School nurses have prime opportunities to combat these outcomes through affirming nursing care, especially when transgender students are socially transitioning. Examples of affirming practice include recognizing students' gender-affirming names, using their pronouns, ensuring safe locker rooms, advocating for student's clothing choices, stopping bullying and harassment, and refraining from making assumptions about their transgender students' sexual orientation. Through inclusive care directly provided to transgender children, school nurses can also be instrumental in ushering an affirming environment for all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Dialogue: East-West is the property of International Center for Slavic Education- Sveti Nikole and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study presents a diachronic analysis of pathological conditions from two samples of human remains at the archaeological site of Tumilaca la Chimba, Peru. The site includes two occupations, one dating to the terminal Middle Horizon or early Late Intermediate Period (LIP; ca. 950–1250 CE), as the Tiwanaku state underwent collapse. Despite political fragmentation, this occupation is characterised by substantial cultural continuity in Tiwanaku practices. The second occupation dates to the later LIP (ca. 1250–1476 CE) and is associated with significant changes in material culture. This study analyses skeletal data derived from cemeteries associated with each occupation in order to compare proxies of nutritional status, infection, and trauma. Paleopathological analysis of individuals from the terminal Middle Horizon Tumilaca cemeteries (N = 20) and LIP Estuquiña cemetery (N = 23) reveals significant differences in age and sex distributions; this could be an artefact of looting and differential excavation or a possible shift in fertility and population demography. There are also differences, though not statistically significant, in the frequencies of pathological conditions including cribra orbitalia, which is higher in the Tumilaca sample, and oral decay, which is higher in the Estuquiña sample. These results tentatively suggest that physiological stressors—particularly those occurring in childhood—did not necessarily abate at this site over time but rather shifted in their causes. These results underscore the importance of bioarchaeological contributions to theorising local experiences of larger sociopolitical transitions in the pre‐Hispanic Andes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]