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TikTok, a popular social media network, has gained an immense worldwide following because of its entertaining short video format. The main aim of this study was to understand the dynamic association between the variables TikTok addiction, impulsivity, digital maturity, and morality in young adults. For this purpose, a quantitative study with a correlational research design was adopted. Purposive sampling was used to select 423 TikTok users from private universities, with 209 males and 214 females included. The data was collected through the TikTok Addiction Scale, which has been adapted from the Social Media Addiction Scale (Sahin, 2018), the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 11 (Barratt et al., 1995), the multidimensional Digital Maturity Inventory (Laaber et al., 2023), and the Moral Character Questionnaire (Furr et al., 2022). The results showed a strong significant positive relationship between TikTok addiction and impulsivity, but significant negative correlation with digital maturity and morality. Impulsivity had a strong significant negative relationship with digital maturity and morality, whereas digital maturity had a strong positive relationship with morality. The results of this study can be helpful in raising awareness about the adverse effects of TikTok addiction and in promoting digital literacy through workshops or seminars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the impact of social media on mental health and society, focusing on the consequences of excessive use and its portrayal in the episode "Nosedive" of the television program "Black Mirror." Topics include the psychological effects of social media addiction, the concept of hyperreality as discussed by philosopher Jean Baudrillard, and the dystopian social structures depicted in Nosedive, reflecting modern society's obsession with digital personas.

Research to date has rarely addressed the association between peer victimization in childhood and social networking addiction in adulthood, much less the internal mechanism underlying that association. By integrating the relational self-system processes model and the cognitive–behavioral model of pathological internet use, our study marked an initial effort to explore whether social anxiety and perceived loneliness independently and/or sequentially mediate the impact of peer victimization on social networking addiction. Using school-based random cluster sampling, we recruited 1,136 students at various colleges in eastern, central, and western China (mean age = 21.98 years, 56.2% women) to complete an online survey. The results confirmed social anxiety's single mediation effect, perceived loneliness's single mediation effect, and the serial mediation effect of social anxiety and perceived loneliness between peer victimization and social networking addiction. The findings suggest that certain psychopathological and cognitive factors mediate the effect of peer victimization in childhood on individuals' symptoms of social networking addiction in adulthood both independently and sequentially. Our research contributes to clarifying how interpersonal stressors lead to psychopathological symptoms, maladaptive cognitions, and, in turn, addictive behavior, which has important implications for theory, interventions, and future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although extant literature has investigated the impacts of social sites on employees' job performance in different sectors, scholars have given little attention to teachers' job performance (TJoP) in higher educational institutes. Purpose: We aimed to investigate the direct and mediating impact of social media use (SMU) on TJoP. Based on social cognitive theory, this study proposed a model that consists of six hypotheses. Methodology: : To empirically test the model, we develop a survey link to collect data from respondents working in universities in Jiangsu province, China. Partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS–SEM) using SmartPLS 4 has been used for analyzing 454 respondents. Results: Research findings demonstrate the significant effects of SMU on TJoP, well-being, and social media addiction (SMAdd). In addition, teachers' well-being and SMAdd have a positive and negative significant effect, respectively, on TJoP. Moreover, this research evidenced a significant partial mediation of teachers' well-being and SMAdd. Conclusion: This study points out the key role of SMU in the direct and indirect influences of TJoP through well-being and SMAdd. Further, it brings into view the urgency of higher education to prudently consider the implications of SMU on performance and general well-being among its faculty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Social media addiction and academic procrastination are common and prevalent problems among students, leading to numerous negative consequences. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness training on social media addiction and academic procrastination in students. Methods and Materials: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, and control group design. From the student population of the Faculty of Psychology at Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 35 individuals were selected using convenience sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Research tools included the Social Media Addiction Questionnaire (Ahmadi et al., 2016) and the Academic Procrastination Questionnaire (Solomon & Rothblum, 1984). The experimental group underwent mindfulness training intervention for 10 sessions of 90 minutes each. At the end, a post-test was administered to both groups, and the data were analyzed using covariance analysis. Findings: The results of the covariance analysis showed that mindfulness training had an effect on social media addiction (F = 21.456) and academic procrastination (F = 17.878) in students (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: Based on the research findings, it is suggested that psychological interventions such as mindfulness be used to reduce social media usage and academic procrastination in students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on social comparison theory, this study investigates the associations between social comparison to influencers on social media and impulsive purchase behavior, through the mediating effect of anxiety and social media addiction. Data from 296 U.S. consumers were collected through an online survey. The findings show that negative social comparison to the image presented by influencers is positively associated with consumers' impulse buying. Furthermore, anxiety and social media addiction mediated the impact of social comparison on purchase intention. Theoretical and practical contributions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hikikomori, a form of severe social withdrawal has been found to be associated with behavioral addictions such as gaming addiction and problematic social media use (PSMU). Since literature related to hikikomori is lacking in the Middle East, this study aimed to determine whether there are significant differences in hikikomori-like traits between two different types of social media users and gamers and investigate loneliness as a potential mediator between hikikomori and the two types of problematic behaviors. A cross-sectional, correlational design was employed, collecting a final sample of 220 participants residing in Middle Eastern countries using a mixture of convenience and snowball sampling. Results showed that passive social media users demonstrated significantly greater hikikomori-like traits compared to active users. Furthermore, hikikomori-like traits exhibited significant positive associations with problematic gaming, PSMU, and loneliness. Two separate mediation analyses, the first with PSMU and a second with problematic gaming as predictors, revealed that loneliness acted as a significant mediator between both these problematic behaviors and hikikomori-like traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Maladaptive eating behaviors are becoming increasingly prevalent among adolescents, and their relationship to exposure to media messages has been extensively examined. However, more specifically, the influence of social networks on emotional eating (EmE) has received relatively less attention in the Peruvian context. Objective: To determine the association between social network addiction (SNA) and EmE among Peruvian adolescents, considering sex differences. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 878 adolescents were considered. The Social Network Addiction Questionnaire and the Emotional Eating Questionnaire were administered. Similarly, sociodemographic data were collected. To explore the association between SNA and EmE, we performed Poisson regression analyses with robust variance. We considered a p-value of equal to or less than 0.05 as statistically significant. Results: Adolescents with an EmE score greater than 5 had significantly higher SNA scores, averaging 24.7 (± 12.3), compared to 15.5 (± 10.3) in those with an EmE score between 0 and 5 (p < 0.001). In multiple regression analyses, men with moderate/severe SNA were 1.77 times more likely to have EmE compared to those without SNA (95% CI 1.45–2.15; p < 0.001), while in women, moderate/severe SNA was associated with a 1.98 times higher likelihood of EmE (95% CI 1.61–2.45; p < 0.001). Conclusion: These findings highlight the need for public health interventions to educate adolescents about the use of social networks to minimize the negative effects of prolonged exposure on eating habits. Plain language summary: Many teenagers are developing unhealthy eating habits, and researchers have studied how media influences this. However, the effect of social media on emotional eating (eating in response to emotions) in Peru has received less attention. This study explored the link between social media addiction and emotional eating among Peruvian teenagers, focusing on differences between boys and girls. We studied 878 teenagers using two questionnaires: one about social media addiction and one about emotional eating. We also collected basic background information. A statistical analysis called Poisson regression was used to see how likely emotional eating is in teenagers with high social media use. Results showed that teenagers with higher emotional eating scores also had higher social media addiction scores. Boys with moderate or severe social media addiction were 1.77 times more likely to have emotional eating behaviors, while girls were 1.98 times more likely. These results highlight the need for programs to teach teenagers about the healthy use of social media to reduce its negative impact on eating habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problematic social media use (PSMU) has become an increasingly researched area in the general population, specifically among adolescents. Due to its association with poor well-being and negative consequences, it is important to have assessment instruments that are valid and reliable in evaluating PSMU. The Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) is the most widely used scale to assess PSMU. The present study analyzed the psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the BSMAS among Spanish adolescents. The sample comprised 688 adolescents from Spain (54% girls), aged 12 to 18 years (M = 14.23 years) who completed a number of self-report questions and psychometric scales. The reliability, construct validity, concurrent validity, and criterion validity of the BSMAS were evaluated. Additionally, the measurement invariance by gender and age group was also calculated. The results indicated good reliability indices (coefficients' range = 0.75–0.83). Moreover, PSMU was positively associated with problematic smartphone use, frequency of social networking site use, depression, anxiety, and loneliness and negatively associated with self-esteem and flourishing (r range = -0.16–0.65). Furthermore, configural, metric, and scalar invariance was established among boys and girls, and younger and older adolescents. The study provides preliminary evidence indicating that the Spanish BSMAS is a reliable and valid instrument to assess PSMU among Spanish-speaking adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies have shown that the Gaming Disorder Test (GDT) and Gaming Disorder Scale for Adolescents (GADIS-A) have promising validity and reliability when assessing symptoms of gaming disorder among young adults. However, validity and reliability properties of the two scales have not been established among a Vietnamese population. Objective: The present study translated the GDT and GADIS-A into Vietnamese and examined their factor structures, measurement invariance, convergent validity, concurrent validity, and divergent validity among university students. Methods: A total of 610 young adults (mean age = 21.09 years; 63.4% females) were recruited using convenience sampling and who completed a paper-and-pencil survey between April and June 2023. All participants completed a demographic questionnaire, GDT, GADIS-A, and six standardized scales related to gaming disorder, social media addiction, smartphone addiction, and psychological distress. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), internal consistency testing, and Pearson's correlations were performed. Results: CFA showed that the GDT had a one-factor structure and the GADIS-A had a two-factor structure. The internal consistency was excellent for both scales among this population. Moreover, both GDT and GADIS-A showed convergent, concurrent, and divergent validity with other standardized scales. Conclusion: The Vietnamese versions of the GDT and GADIS-A have good psychometrics, which may be utilized in future research regarding gaming disorder among Vietnamese populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has reported a relationship between adolescents' perceptions of school climate and social media use. However, the underlying mechanisms associated with the relationship have yet to be fully explored. This study aimed to examine the role of peer bullying in the relationship under consideration. This cross‐sectional study applied a correlational research model to examine the perceptions of 718 adolescents aged 11–14. Data gathering entailed the School Climate Survey, Peer Bullying Self‐Report Form, and the Social Media Disorder Scale. Significant relationships between school climate, social media addiction, and peer bullying emerged from the gathered data. The study also found that peer bullying partially mediated the relationship between school climate and social media usage, both in terms of perpetrating bullying behavior and experiencing victimization. Specifically, 22.43% of the total effect of school climate on social media addiction was mediated through exposure to bullying perpetration, while 25.10% was mediated through experiencing victimization. A notable finding of this study is the role played by a perceived negative school climate in terms of increasing social media addiction; additionally, this increase may be partially mediated by exposure to peer bullying. A discussion of the results in light of the relevant literature is included, along with suggestions for future study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the relationship between social media addiction and anxiety among college students and the role of bedtime procrastination and stress perception. Methods A total of 15493 college students were selected by convenience sampling in September 2023 with using the Bergen Social Networking Addiction Scale, the Bedtime Procrastination Scale, the Chinese Perceived Stress Scales and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale. SPSS25.0 macro program PROCESS was used to analyze the mediating effect of bedtime procrastination and the moderating effect of stress perception. Results The social media addiction was positively predicted college students' anxiety (β=0.307, P＜0.001). Bedtime procrastination partially mediated the relationship between social media addiction and anxiety in the college students. The mediation effect value was 0.060 (95% Bootstrap CI=［0.055-0.065］), the mediating effect accounted for 19.54% of the total. Stress perception moderated the relationship between bedtime procrastination and anxiety (β=0.094, P＜0.001). As the level of perceived stress increased, the positive association between bedtime procrastination and anxiety became stronger. Conclusion Social media addiction can directly affect anxiety in the college students, or indirectly affect it through bedtime procrastination, and perceived stress moderates the path from bedtime procrastination to anxiety in the mediation model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objective Design and Methods Results Conclusions To measure a multivariate analysis of social media addiction and cognitive‐behavioral physical activity associated with several sociodemographic characteristics in adolescent girls.A cross‐sectional study. The sample consisted of adolescent girls studying in a vocational high‐school in the Middle‐Black‐Sea region in Türkiye (n = 333). A questionnaire, Social Media Addiction Scale‐for‐Adolescents (SMAS‐A), and Cognitive‐Behavioral Physical Activity Questionnaire (CBPAQ) were used to collect the data.The mean age was 15.35 (SD = 1.15), and 29.4% were the ninth‐class students. Of the adolescent girls, 85.9% were social‐media users, 59.8% used the internet 2‐hours‐or‐more/daily, 67.9% declared themselves as moderately‐active. The mean scores of the SMAS‐A and the CBPAQ were 3.40 (SD = 1.61) and 21.03 (SD = 7.64), respectively. There was a significantly‐negative correlation between cognitive‐behavioral physical activity and social‐media addiction levels. The One‐Way MANOVA results showed significant differences in the academic level, family income, mother education, and physical activity measurement application usage affected to cognitive‐behavioral physical activity. Social media usage habit affected to the social media addiction level.Daily internet usage time and self‐declared physical activity level were the mutually affected factors. School nurses should act to improve healthy social media usage habits to promote well‐being and encourage the positive attitudes towards regular physical activity in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractSocial media use has increased worldwide, facilitating social relationships as well as the widespread exchange of information, images, and ideas. However, some individuals may develop a compulsive and unregulated engagement with social media platforms, known as problematic social media use (PSMU), which can result in adverse consequences for personal, social, and professional functioning. This scenario leads to considering which factors are implicated in PSMU and how they can affect the disposition toward PSMU. The present study aimed to explore the mediating role of fear of missing out (FoMO) in the association between both grandiose and vulnerable facets of narcissism and PSMU while also investigating the moderating effect of trait mindfulness. The research was conducted with 208 youth participants from 19 to 28 years old through an online cross-sectional design. Participants completed the Narcissistic Personality Inventory-13, the Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale, the Fear of Missing Out Scale, the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised, the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, and a short socio-demographic questionnaire. Results revealed that FoMO mediated the association between both facets of narcissism and PSMU, while trait mindfulness moderated the interplay between FoMO and PSMU, dampening the effect of FoMO. These findings provide theoretical insights into the main mechanisms underlying PSMU as well as promising practical implications for the development of mindfulness-based interventions aimed at mitigating PSMU. Limitations and future research directions are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractSocial belonging is of vital importance for adolescents. However, ostracism in the digital age may negatively affect adolescents’ sense of coherence through social media addiction. The main objective of the current study was to investigate the associations between ostracism and sense of coherence and to conduct mediation analysis including social media addiction. The sample consisted of 425 Turkish adolescents aged between 14 and 18 years (Mage= 15.53, SD = 1.26). Data were collected through the Ostracism Experience Scale for Adolescents, the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, and the Sense of Coherence Scale-Revised. The results showed that ostracism increased social media addiction, which in turn negatively affected adolescent’s sense of coherence. Besides, an indirect role of social media addiction was found between ostracism and sense of coherence. Overall, these results suggest that ostracism is a risk factor for sense of coherence and that social media addiction increases this risk. Elucidating the indirect role of social media addiction between ostracism and sense of coherence is believed to shed light on the requirement for policies and intervention programmes to address ostracism and social media addiction to maintain adolescents’mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study contributes to the literature by assessing the associations between personal values, explored with Schwartz's Portrait Values Questionnaire, social media behaviors, assessed with Bergen Scale of Social Media Addiction and Social Media Motivations to Use Scale and psychological well-being assessed with Patient Health Questionnaire-4, in a sample of first-year medical students. It was examined medical students' personal values profiles and the perceived influence of social media on self-aspects. All participants (N = 151) were Romanian and English module students, young (average age = 19.2, SD = 1.5), 68,9% females and 31,1% males. Pearson coefficient correlation analyses were performed to verify the associations between the main four clusters of personal values (Self Transcendence, Self Enhancement, Openness to change and Conservationism) with social media behaviors and psychological wellbeing. The most frequent cluster of values was Self-Transcendence (M = 5.21) while the least was Self-Enhancement (M = 4.05). There was no significant correlation between social media addiction, psychological wellbeing and a specific cluster of values while the perception of self-aspects influenced by social media included involvement in community problems, creativity for Openness to change group (R =.24;.22, p <.05), tolerance towards sexual minorities and self-evaluation in Self Transcendence group (R =.24;.21;.42, p <.05) while Conservationism and Self Enhancement groups didn't report any change. The findings highlight the need for awareness and education of medical students and general population in the field of Digital Ethics including social media complex impact on personal values as AI-algorithms may imply a potential destabilization and perpetual shaping of one's behavior with still unpredictable individual and societal effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study explores whether high alexithymia values correlate with low levels of empathy, while also trying to identify potential connections with social media addiction. Methods: We hypothesized that alexithymia mediates the relationship between social media addiction and empathy levels in a sample of undergraduate students. The study population consisted of 649 medical students in the 4th/5th/6th University year, recruited between March and May 2021. For this assessment, we employed three psychometric instruments: the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ), the Social Media Addiction Scale-Student Form (SMAS-SF), and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). A pathway analysis investigated alexithymia as a mediator between social media addiction and the degree of empathy in medical undergraduates. Sobel's test and the Baron and Kenny approach were used for testing mediation. Results: The TEQ totalmean score was 48.76 ± 5.65, while the TAS-20 totalmean score was 47.71 ± 11.49. Further analysis of the TAS-20 scale scores showed that 21.42% of students had possible alexithymia, while 14.02% had clear alexithymia. The SMAS-SF total mean score was 73.20 ± 14.59. None of the students reported levels consistent with major social media addiction. The mediated effect of the TAS-20 is about 1.3 times larger than the direct effect of the SMAS-SF on TEQ. Discussion: We found a significant negative correlation between empathy and alexithymia inmedical students. Alexithymia was a mediator between social media addiction and empathy. Therefore, we recommend further efforts to identify potential levels of alexithymia in medical students, in order to successfully develop tailored interventions aimed at increasing their emotional awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronotype is the temporal behavior of an organism. Social jetlag, fear of missing out (FoMO), and phubbing have received increasing attention recently and are closely related to sleep quality. This study aimed to explore the relationship between chronotype and these factors and their effects on sleep quality among medical students. The FoMO scale, phubbing behavior assessment scale, morning-evening questionnaire, Pittsburgh sleep quality index, social jetlag questionnaire, and online sociodemographic data form were filled out by 537 students participating in the study. The average age of participants was 21.34 ± 1.38 years; 43.2% were male, and 56.8% were female. The majority (66.7%) had an intermediate chronotype, 20.9% an evening type, and 12.5% a morning type. Evening chronotypes exhibited the highest levels of social jetlag, daily internet/phone use, and the poorest sleep quality and daily functioning. Women reported significantly higher levels of FoMO (p < 0.001), phubbing (p = 0.020), and daytime dysfunction (p = 0.005). Multiple regression analysis showed poor sleep quality was associated with high FoMO, high phubbing, high levels of social jetlag, and evening chronotype. Additionally, daytime dysfunction was associated with female gender, poor sleep quality, high FoMO, and high levels of phubbing (p < 0.001, F = 16.128, R2 = 0.221). These results suggest that individuals with an evening type may be susceptible to social interaction, social media use, and sleep patterns, which may negatively affect sleep quality. It has also been determined that females may be at greater risk for FoMO and phubbing. Evaluation of individuals' chronotypes will be an essential step in treating behavioral addictions such as social media, screen, and smartphone addiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Internet addiction (IA) and related behaviors, such as Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) and social media addiction (SMA), have gained increasing research attention. Studies show gender differences, with males more likely to develop gaming-related addictions and females more prone to social media and phubbing behaviors. This study aimed to explore gender differences in Internet addiction and related behaviors in a Spanish sample, with the goal of identifying predictors and gender-specific patterns of IA. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 585 participants (265 male, 320 female) aged 18 to 35 years (M = 22.11, SD = 3.08). Data were collected using standardized questionnaires to assess IA, IGD, SMA, phubbing, Fear of Missing Out (FoMO), emotional dysregulation, personality traits, and prosociality. Correlation and regression analyses were used to identify gender-specific predictors of IA. Results: Males exhibited significantly higher scores for IA and IGD, while females showed higher scores for SMA and the "phone obsession" dimension of phubbing. No significant gender differences were found in the "communication disturbance" dimension of phubbing or in FoMO. Correlation analyses revealed significant associations between IA and psychological as well as technological variables. Gender-specific predictors of IA included social media engagement and emotional regulation for females, while gaming behaviors and communication patterns were more relevant for males. Conclusions: These findings highlight gender differences in IA, suggesting that tailored interventions should address unique online behaviors and emotional regulation challenges in males and females. Future research should refine gender-specific patterns to develop more effective, targeted prevention and treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Informed by the interaction of person-affect-cognition-execution (I-PACE) theory, the present studies examined the association between peer rejection, peer popularity, and social media addiction (SMA) at both between-person and within-person levels. Two distinct processes, the fear-driven/compensation-seeking process and the reward-driven process were explored. In Study 1, using a cross-sectional sample of high school students (N = 318), both processes were supported via different cognitive mediators. Support for the fear-driven/compensation-seeking process was demonstrated by finding that avoidance expectancy was a significant cognitive mediator between peer-nominated rejection and SMA. In turn, the reward-driven process was supported by the significant mediation of reward expectancy between peer-nominated popularity and SMA. In Study 2, using ecological momentary assessment with college students (N = 54), we found the fear-driven/compensation-seeking process partially supported through both between-person and within-person mediations. Specifically, negative affect and social media craving were two affective mediators that linked peer rejection and addictive social media use behaviors. On the other hand, the reward-driven process was predominantly supported by within-person mediations, in which positive affect and social media craving were found to be mediators of the relationship between peer popularity and addictive social media use behaviors. The results underscore that adolescents experiencing rejection tend to use social media to avoid negative feelings and compensate for interpersonal deficits, while adolescents experiencing popularity tend to use social media to maintain positive feelings and gain social rewards. Implications for the assessment, case formulation, and treatment of SMA in counseling practice are discussed. Public Significance Statement: The study suggests that peer rejection and popularity predispose adolescents to social media addiction through different cognitive and affective mechanisms. These findings warrant the need for counselors to assess and formulate SMA from an interpersonal perspective and develop counseling interventions that target unique cognitive and affective components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A questionnaire survey was conducted among 908 middle school students to explore the boundary conditions under which parental marital quality influences adolescents' social media addiction. The results showed that (1) parental marital quality negatively predicted adolescents' social media addiction; (2) interpersonal sensitivity moderated the relationship between adolescents' parental marital quality and social media addiction; and (3) peer relationships moderated the relationship between adolescents' parental marital quality and social media addiction. These findings help to deepen the understanding of the boundary conditions under which parental marital quality leads to adolescents' social media addiction and have implications for intervention in Internet addiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Social media has become a fundamental element of contemporary life, providing countless benefits but also posing substantial concerns. While technology improves connectedness and information exchange, excessive use raises issues about social and personal well-being. The emergence of social media addiction emphasizes its influence on everyday routines and mental health, with many people favoring online activities above vital tasks, resulting in real repercussions. Twitter, Facebook, and Snapchat have a significant impact on emotional well-being, adding to global rates of despair and anxiety. To measure the frequency of social media reliance, we studied data from 1,417 individuals using machine learning methods such as decision tree (DT) classifier, random forest (RF) classifier, support vector classifier (SVC), k-nearest neighbors (K-NN), and multinomial naive Bayes (NB). Understanding the behavioral patterns that drive addiction allows us to create tailored therapies to encourage healthy digital behaviors. This study highlights the critical necessity to address social media addiction as a complicated societal issue. Our major goal is to determine the amount of people who are addicted to social media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Social media (SM) has become a common activity for today's young people. It is sometimes overused and potentially results in SM addiction. This study aims to assess SM addiction and its associated factors in medical students and to examine its relationship with dimensions of personality global selfesteem, and social self-esteem. Materials and methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study among a sample of medical students in the region of Sfax in Tunisia. Social Media Addiction Scale-Student Form (SMAS-SF), Big Five Inventory, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Social Self-Esteem Inventory were used to collect data. Results: Overall, 116 medical students were included in the survey. The median age of the participants was 26 years, and 91 students (78.4%) were female. Almost half of them (55.20%) were enrolled in the third cycle. The most widely used SM was Facebook (98.3%). Students with the highest SMAS-SF scores had a significantly younger age of first use (p=0.011, r=-0.235), spent more time on their favorite SM (p=0.005, r=0.260), and performed more activities on SM, namely: making comments (p=0.005), browsing SM profiles (p=0.018), and posting videos (p=0.007) or pictures (p=0.002). The need to establish an identity was significantly associated with higher SMAS-SF scores (p=0.011). We also found that neuroticism and a low level of conscientiousness were linked to high SMAS-SF scores (p=0.006, r=0.252 and p=0.050, r=-0.183, respectively). Moreover, high SMAS-SF scores were significantly related to lower global and social self-esteem scores (p=0.015, r=-0.226 and p=0.032, r=-0.199, respectively). Conclusion: Our results highlight the critical need to take into consideration the evaluation and intervention of self-esteem and personality dimensional issues to target interventions for SM addiction among medical students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a research model was developed that aimed to explore the influence of theology students' positive religious coping (PRC), problematic social media use (PSMU), and depression levels on their flourishing. A combined covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) and artificial neural network (ANN) model were used to assess the developed model. Data were collected from 501 respondents using validated survey instruments, including the Religious Coping Scale, Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, DAS-21 Depression subscale, and the Flourishing Scale. The respondents, 28.5% male participants and 71.5% female participants, within the age bracket of 18 to 34 years (mean = 22.79 years, SD = 4.12). The CB-SEM results indicated that depression levels and PSMU were significantly related to PRC. The results further indicated that PRC was positively related to and explained 40% of the variance in the flourishing factor. The ANN model predicted flourishing with an accuracy of 72% and 81.8% for training and testing, respectively. Confirming the CB-SEM results, the ANN demonstrated that PRC was the most important variable in predicting flourishing. These findings have practical implications for institutions of religious training to address depression levels and PSMU and encourage PRC among theology students. Future research should investigate longitudinal relationships and the impact of specific religious coping strategies on flourishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PhD life is a challenging phase and often faced with heavy academic stress. Indulging in social media may be one of the coping styles to relieve this stress. However, the underlying mechanisms by which academic stress affects social media addiction among PhD students are not fully understood. In this study, 431 PhD students (male: n = 243, 56.38%; female: n = 188, 43.62%; mean age = 27.34 years, SD = 2.70 years) completed online self-report measures of academic stress, anxiety, desire thinking, loneliness, and social media addiction. Grounded in general strain theory and the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model, we conducted mediation and moderated mediation model analysis to examine the associations among these variables. The results indicated that academic stress was positively associated with social media addiction and this association was sequentially mediated by anxiety and desire thinking. Furthermore, loneliness moderated and strengthened the positive association between academic stress and social media addiction. We provided empirical support for the feasibility of integrating desire thinking into the I-PACE model. Our research also calls on society to pay attention to the mental health issues affecting these populations and encouraging them to actively participate in offline activities, seek social support, reduce their dependence on social media, and improve stress management and psychological adjustment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study explored the associations between orthorexia nervosa, social media addiction, emotion regulation difficulties, perfectionism and BMI with four facets of mindful eating, using path analysis to assess these relationships. A sample of 551 students (127 males, 424 females, mean age = 22.6 years) completed an online self‐report questionnaire evaluating these constructs. Analyses revealed that mindful eating contributed to emotion dysregulation and orthorexia nervosa and was related to social media addiction. Significant indirect paths were identified from mindful eating, social media addiction and adaptive perfectionism through emotion dysregulation to maladaptive perfectionism. While no direct paths were observed between mindful eating and perfectionism, a direct path was found between adaptive perfectionism and orthorexia nervosa. These findings suggest a more nuanced understanding of eating behaviours is required. Individuals susceptible to eating disorders should approach mindful eating with caution and seek support from healthcare providers to ensure it is used in a way that supports overall wellbeing. Future research should aim to replicate and further clarify these associations to reveal the long‐term effects of mindful eating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractIn the present era, the rapidly growing social media trends of the digital age have the potential to affect the psychological well-being of individuals. In this context, understanding how Social Media Addiction (SMA) interacts with various factors is important to understanding its potential impact on individuals’ psychosocial health. In particular, the prevalence of SMA and its strong relationship with important variables such as anxiety, depression, stress, academic self-efficacy, general belongingness, and life satisfaction have received considerable attention from researchers and the society. This research aims to address the relationship between SMA and these variables in a holistic manner. The research further explored the relationship between life satisfaction and depression, anxiety, academic self-efficacy, and general belongingness. The research is based on a study conducted with 616 students (388 female and 228 male; 17-32 age range) at a state university in the Southeast of Turkey. Personal information form, Smartphone Addiction Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, Academic Self-Efficacy Scale, General Belongingness Scale, and Life Satisfaction Scale were used as data collection tools. Using a structural equation modeling approach, the research not only examined the significant relationships but also examined the mediating and moderating effects in more detail. According to the research results, SMA significantly affects academic self-efficacy, general belongingness, depression, stress and anxiety. Academic self-efficacy and general belongingness both impact life satisfaction. However, SMA does not have a significant effect on life satisfaction. Moreover, it is revealed general belongingness play effective roles in the relationship between SMA and life satisfaction. As a result of the research, it was revealed that gender plays a moderating role in the relationship between SMA and life satisfaction. It has been observed that gender has a moderating role in the relationships between academic self-efficacy, general belongingness, depression, anxiety and stress and life satisfaction. Conversely, there is no moderating influence of gender on the impact of SMA on academic self-efficacy, general belongingness, depression, anxiety, or stress. Consequently, the relationships between SMA and other variables play an important role in understanding their effects on individuals’ mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study aimed to investigate the impact of several demographic factors such as gender and academic specialization (scientific vs. literary) on the relationship between social media addiction and attitude toward extremism. It also aimed to examine the influence of cultural differences among Saudi, Egyptian, and Sudanese nationalities on both social media addiction and attitude toward extremism. Additionally, the study aimed to assess the effectiveness of using machine learning models in predicting attitude toward extremism based on social media addiction. Furthermore, it sought to identify which factors of social media addiction are the most predictive of attitude toward extremism. Finally, the study aimed to determine the suitability of various machine learning models in modeling and predicting the relationship between social media addiction and attitude toward extremism. The study sample consisted of (352) college students (123 males, 229 females) with an age mean of 20.1 years and a standard deviation of 0.99, selected by available method. The study tools included the social media addiction scale by Shahnawaz and Rehman (2020), translated and adapted into Arabic by the current researchers, and the attitude toward extremism scale by Ozer and Bertelsen (2018), also translated and adapted into Arabic by the current researchers. The study yielded several results, including the following: Demographic analyses highlighted differences in model performance based on gender and academic specialization. It is worth noting that the models achieved perfect classification accuracy for male participants and for both scientific and literary disciplines, indicating that attitude toward extremism may manifest differently across these demographic groups. Also, Classification results based on nationality emphasized the influence of cultural factors. It was also found that Random Forest analysis revealed the pivotal role of addiction factors in predicting attitude toward extremism among college students. notably, factors such as relapse and conflict resulting from social media addiction emerged as highly influential predictors, underscoring the importance of these aspects in understanding attitude toward extremism. Additionally, tolerance, salience, withdrawal, and mood modification factors were found to significantly contribute to predicting attitude toward extremism. These results confirm a multifaceted and intricate relationship between individual social media addiction factors and attitude toward extremism. Moreover, the analysis using SVM and ANN models revealed a clear picture of the predictive capabilities of social media addiction and demographic variables on attitude toward extremism. While both models showed reasonable accuracy, the ANN model demonstrated slightly better performance, highlighting its ability to capture complex patterns in the data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The internet offers numerous features that simplify activities like communication, information retrieval, and transactions, making social media increasingly accessible. In Indonesia, individuals in their productive years, particularly early adulthood, dominate internet usage. This phase is characterized by repetitive behaviors, which can escalate the intensity of social media use and potentially lead to addiction. One factor influencing this tendency is alexithymia. This study aims to explore the impact of alexithymia on social media addiction tendencies among early adults in Karawang. Employing a quantitative causality design, the research utilized non-probability sampling, specifically snowball sampling, to gather data from 385 respondents aged 20-30 years residing in Karawang. The Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) was used to measure alexithymia, while the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) assessed social media addiction tendencies. Reliability was tested using Cronbach's Alpha, with a threshold of > 0.08, while normality was evaluated through the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test at a 5% significance level. Linearity was assessed using an ANOVA test, yielding a significance of 0.468 > 0.05. The results of the simple linear regression test showed a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, confirming the hypothesis that alexithymia significantly influences social media addiction tendencies in early adulthood in Karawang. The determination test results indicated that alexithymia accounts for 54.2% of the variance in social media addiction tendencies (R-Square = 0.542), with the remaining 45.8% attributed to other variables not examined in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study delves into the intricate dynamics between self-esteem and social media addiction among adolescents, exploring their interplay in the digital age. A comprehensive analysis drawing from diverse theoretical frameworks and recent empirical research elucidates the multifaceted relationship between self-esteem, social media use, and adolescent well-being. Our findings reveal a moderate positive correlation between self-esteem and social media addiction, challenging conventional wisdom and underscoring the nuanced nature of this association. Furthermore, through multiple regression analysis, we provide insights into the predictive power of self-esteem on social media addiction, highlighting the significance of considering psychological variables in understanding online engagement patterns. Our discussion navigates the complexities of this relationship, offering implications for interventions that promote balanced digital behaviors and adolescent well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although past research has documented the effects of social media addiction on mental health, it remains unclear how and when such impacts occur. To fill this gap, we investigate the intervening mechanism of mindfulness and the moderating role of healing use for social media addiction's impact on depression through the lens of the conservation of resources theory and the attentional bias perspective. Analysis of data collected from 198 employees reveals that social media addiction (1) depletes the energy resources necessary to reduce depression and (2) consumes attentional resources and directs an individual's attention to the salient activities that feed addictive use, leaving individuals with less attentional resources to devote to activities that promote mental health. Interestingly, social media's healing use reduces the harmful effects of social media addiction on depression. This research contributes key practical and theoretical insights to aid decision-makers and set an agenda for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How social media influences users depends largely on motivations for its use and how the user interprets social media-facilitated interactions. Contingent self-esteem, a construct rooted in self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 2000), can account for differential effects, including addictive use. Three preregistered studies (ntotal = 822) derived social media contingent self-esteem (SMCSE) and examined the factor structure and associations with social media use, addiction, and disorder criteria. Study 1 (N = 412) analyzed exploratory and confirmatory factors. Study 2 (N = 230) examined associations with other domains of contingent self-esteem, basic psychological needs satisfaction and frustration, and measures of social media use and addiction. Study 3 (N = 192) examined associations between SMCSE, identity bubble reinforcement (echo chambers), and social media outcomes. SMCSE was associated with greater social media use and intensity, identity bubble reinforcement, social media addiction, and disorder criteria. Exploratory support was found for mediation models in which identity bubble reinforcement predicted greater SMCSE, which in turn predicted a greater likelihood of social media addiction and disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Izmir Katip Celebi University Faculty of Health Sciences Journal / İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Izmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Health Sciene Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Digital technologies are pervasive and ensnaring, resulting in widespread dependence of their varying forms and functions. In this commentary we reflect on the effects of our own digital dependencies, noticing how as digital technologies edge toward higher degrees of sentience, we humans are becoming psychically deadened, ever reliant on such technologies to support our fractured selves. Providing three intimate introspective accounts, we foreground emergent themes related to aliveness and addiction, illustrating how social media tendencies are rooted in existential insecurities stemming from psychic difficulties and traumas. We encourage marketing theorists to critically interrogate how digital technologies, and in particular social networking sites, exploit our vulnerabilities to propagate an addictive logic toward aims of capital accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Midwifery & Health Sciences is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Research in Sport Education & Sciences is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Sleep is a vital component of human health and well-being, significantly impacting mental health, mood, cognitive function (including memory), and overall health. It is an important aspect of a successful academic life in college, yet very little attention has been given to finding an appropriate sleeping pattern. Aims and Objectives: This study investigates the relationship between sleep patterns and academic performance among medical students. It further aims to identify other factors that may influence the academic performance of the study participants. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to enroll 284 undergraduate medical students. Data were collected on sociodemographic profile, lifestyle, sleep pattern, and academic performance, by self-report questionnaire. Students were divided into six groups based on their sleeping patterns and five groups based on their academic performance. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Results: Among 284 participants, Group A demonstrated a prevalence of excellent performance (32%), followed by average performance (24%). Notably, Group B exhibited a dominance of outstanding performers (47%), followed by below average category (17%). Groups C, D, E, and F were characterized by a majority of students achieving aboveaverage outcomes. Conclusion: Sleep is a crucial factor affecting academic achievement in medical students, but not the sole determinant. Other significant influences include nutritional status, attendance at educational activities, study habits, social support, mental health, and physical activity. Conversely, excessive social media use and addictions can negatively impact academic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Educational Psychological Studies (EPS) is the property of Refaad for Studies, Research & Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Numerous studies investigate factors contributing to social media addiction, but few explore their significance and interconnections from psychotherapists' and researchers' perspectives. This study used the DEMATEL methodology to examine social media addiction, identifying 50 predictors from literature, categorized into personality traits, comorbid symptoms, and psychosocial components. Data from 115 respondents showed personality traits as the most influential factor. DEMATEL analysis categorized predictors into cause-and-effect groups. Experts assessed direct relationships using Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers (TFN), which were then converted and analyzed. The study compared DEMATEL variants, finding Trapezoidal Fuzzy DEMATEL most effective for evaluating predictor interrelationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Humanitas: International Journal of Social Sciences / Uluslararasi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Humanitas: International Journal of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background. The addiction to social networks poses serious risks to the lives and well-being of adolescents. This study aimed to create a model of social media addiction that takes into account family dynamics, positive development, and psychological distress, with cognitive emotion regulation strategies acting as mediators among adolescents. Methods. This descriptive-correlational study included adolescents aged 15-18 years during the 2022--2023 educational year in Tabriz schools. Multi-stage cluster sampling was used to select the adolescents. Data were collected using the Social Network Addiction Scale (SNAS), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS), the Positive Youth Development-Via Strengths Family Scale (PYD-VSF), and the McMaster Family Assessment Device. Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses were conducted using SPSS and LISREL software. Results. A strong positive correlation was found between positive youth development and effective emotion regulation strategies. Conversely, there was a notable negative correlation between dysfunctional family dynamics and effective emotion regulation strategies. Psychological distress was directly linked to ineffective emotion regulation strategies. Additionally, a significant direct connection was identified between psychological distress and social media addiction. There was also a notable relationship between dysfunctional family dynamics and social media addiction. The results from the structural equation modeling indicated a strong fit for the proposed model. Specifically, healthy family dynamics were positively correlated with effective cognitive emotion regulation strategies (t = 2.44, γ = 0.17),, while dysfunctional family dynamics showed a negative correlation with these strategies (t = -4.74, γ = -0.43). In conclusion, psychological distress and dysfunctional family dynamics are predictors of social media addiction, with cognitive emotion regulation strategies serving as a mediating factor. Improving emotional self-regulation through better family dynamics and addressing psychological distress can help safeguard adolescents from addiction to the Internet and social media. Conclusion. Psychological distress and unhealthy family functioning predict social media addiction, mediated by cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Enhancing emotional self-regulation through family functioning and addressing psychological distress can protect adolescents from Internet and social media addiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Although extant literature has investigated the impacts of social sites on employees’ job performance in different sectors, scholars have given little attention to teachers’ job performance (TJoP) in higher educational institutes. Purpose We aimed to investigate the direct and mediating impact of social media use (SMU) on TJoP. Based on social cognitive theory, this study proposed a model that consists of six hypotheses. Methodology : To empirically test the model, we develop a survey link to collect data from respondents working in universities in Jiangsu province, China. Partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS–SEM) using SmartPLS 4 has been used for analyzing 454 respondents. Results Research findings demonstrate the significant effects of SMU on TJoP, well-being, and social media addiction (SMAdd). In addition, teachers’ well-being and SMAdd have a positive and negative significant effect, respectively, on TJoP. Moreover, this research evidenced a significant partial mediation of teachers’ well-being and SMAdd. Conclusion This study points out the key role of SMU in the direct and indirect influences of TJoP through well-being and SMAdd. Further, it brings into view the urgency of higher education to prudently consider the implications of SMU on performance and general well-being among its faculty.

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı sağlık çalışanlarında sosyal medya bağımlılığı ve yalnızlık düzeyi arasındaki ilişkiyi ve etkileyen faktörleri incelemektir. Yöntem: Çalışmada 177 sağlık çalışanının verileri kesitsel olarak analiz edilmiştir. Katılımcılar tarafından sosyodemografik veri formu, Yetişkinler İçin Sosyal ve Duygusal Yalnızlık Ölçeği ve Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı Ölçeği-Yetişkin Formu doldurulmuştur.Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 34,8±7,84’tür ve %54,8’ini kadınlar oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcıların %21,5’i doktor, %29,4’ü hemşire, %23,2’si sekreter ve %26’sı yardımcı sağlık personelinden oluşmaktadır. Youtube kullanımının doktor ve hemşirelerde daha fazla olduğu, 34 yaş/üzeri grubun daha fazla Whatsapp ve Facebook kullandığı, kadınların erkeklere göre daha fazla Instagram kullandığı, ilköğretim/lise mezunu bireylerin daha fazla Facebook kullandığı saptanmıştır (p

The act of lying is considered a multidimensional and complex problem that is shaped by cognitive and social factors underlying individuals' behaviors and has important social consequences in society. Lying may be triggered by factors such as personal gain, desire for social acceptance, desire to maintain social relations, or it may be based on psychological and psychopathological foundations. With the rapid development of digital technologies and the widespread use of social media platforms, individuals' efforts to exist in the virtual environment have increased their tendency to distort the truth in order to make themselves more attractive or interesting. While social media allows individuals to interact with other users continuously, it also creates an atmosphere of competition that can be called "social competition" in this environment. This situation triggers behaviors such as making themselves look different than they are, exaggerating their achievements or living conditions, and makes it easier to lie on these platforms. The increasing tendency to lie in social media posts can also affect individuals' mental health and psychological states. As the dissonance between online identities and real-life selves increases, individuals may develop depression, anxiety disorders and even narcissistic tendencies. Thus, the proliferation of lying on digital platforms is not only an individual problem, but also carries risks for the mental health of society. The aim of this study is to draw attention to the relationship between social media addiction and lying and to discuss how social media addiction may increase the tendency to lie in individuals in the light of scientific studies in the existing literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: This study examined time trends in significant child and adolescent psychological symptoms and explored the association of frequent and problematic social media use with these symptoms. Methods: Time trends in psychological symptoms were assessed using data from five waves of the international survey of Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC), conducted between 2001 and 2018 (N = 1,036,869). The associations of frequent and problematic social media use with significant psychological symptoms were assessed by hierarchical multinomial logistic regression using data from 2001–2002 and the 2017–2018 survey waves. The direction of effect between social media use variables and psychological symptoms was explored using Linear Non-Gaussian Acyclic Models (LiNGAM). Results: Prevalence of more severe psychological symptoms increased from 6.7% in 2001–2002 to 10.4% in the 2017–2018 survey waves. The increase was especially large among 15-year old and older girls: from 10.9 to 19.1%. The higher prevalence of more severe psychological symptoms in 2017–2018 compared with 2001–2002 was eliminated after adjusting the model for problematic social media use. LiNGAM analysis supported the direction of effect going from social media use and problematic social media use to psychological symptoms. Conclusions: The findings suggest that frequent and problematic use of social media contribute to the increasing trend of psychological symptoms in adolescents in recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]