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Freshwater fish are in a perilous state with more than 30% of species considered critically endangered. Yet significant ecological and methodological complexities constrain our ability to determine how disturbances are impacting native fish communities. We review current methods used to assess the responses of fish communities, especially native fish, to disturbances, with a focus on lakes. These methods include contemporary population surveys, manipulative experimental approaches, paleolimnological approaches and Indigenous Knowledge and social histories. We identify knowledge gaps, such as a lack of baseline data for native fish, an inability to assess the impact of historical disturbances, stressor response dynamics in contemporary multi‐stressor environments, and natural disturbance regimes. Our assessment of the current methods highlights challenges to filling these knowledge gaps using the reviewed methods. We advocate strongly for the implementation of an integrative approach that combines emerging technologies (i.e. molecular‐based techniques in contemporary surveys and paleolimnology) and underutilised knowledge streams (i.e. Indigenous Knowledge and social histories) which should be used in concert with conventional methods. This integrative approach will allow researchers to determine the key drivers of decline and the degree of change, which will enable more informed and successful management actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article articulates novelists' constructions of prostitutes' humanity in the city's complex spaces that are both enabling and problematic. Through a reading of selected novels in tandem with Kenyan social histories, the article underpins why the city developed into a refuge for prostitutes and other urban outcasts but also shows how the allures of the city metamorphose into mirages for the ostracised. Glimpses into represented young women's choices of prostitution reveal their determined confrontations of powerful cultural constrictions to their humanity in rural spaces. The cultural constrictions sanctioned by patriarchal practices in the familial spaces manifest through incestuous rape, domestic violence, stigmatisation of barrenness and premarital pregnancy. Yet, having fled from the patriarchal countryside and chosen prostitution for survival or as an attempt to exercise their liberties, the prostitutes in Nairobi encounter unspeakable hostilities precipitated by a callous capitalist culture in the city too. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]