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App-based mobility (ABM) is an umbrella term for several transport services enabled through a smartphone application. Ride-hailing is the most popular ABM service, and even more than a decade after its introduction, it continues to raise concerns about its impacts on urban mobility. Previous ride-hailing research has primarily focused on understanding such impacts. However, how ride-hailing affects accessibility and social exclusion remains an understudied topic. Prior research highlights this knowledge gap and proposes a framework linking ABM with transport poverty, (in)accessibility and the resulting transport-related social exclusion (TRSE). Yet, empirical evidence is lacking to test such a framework. This paper addresses this gap by providing empirical evidence on how ABM affects accessibility using survey data collected for three large metropolitan areas in Latin America. We follow three related lines of analysis. First, we compare ride-hailing to other transport modes based on the most regular trips reported in the survey. Second, we calculate novel social and transport (dis)advantage indices to extend the comparison of transport modes. Third, we shed light on why respondents have used ride-hailing services in the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adolescence is a critical period for mental health and social exclusion, a key social determinant of mental health. Early intervention approaches are key to mitigating the impact of mental ill-health during adolescence, however social exclusion can create additional barriers to accessing care. Aim: We aimed to better understand help-seeking experiences of adolescents facing co-occurring social exclusion and mental ill-health, including sources of support, barriers and preferences for service provision. Method: Cross-sectional data were analysed, from the 2022 Mission Australia Youth Survey (N = 18,800). Adolescents aged 15 to 19 years were recruited from around Australia, through schools, community organisations and digital platforms. Indices of four domains of social exclusion (housing, finances, relational and education/employment) were created using existing Youth Survey variables, and supplemented with demographic characteristics, psychological distress and help-seeking behaviours (perceived need, mental health supports, barriers to access and preferences). Relationships between social exclusion domains, mental health concerns and help-seeking behaviours were explored using logistic regression models. Results: A total of 9,743 young people reported having needed mental health support, yet only 58.1% reportedly sought support (n = 5,565). Social exclusion domains were associated with different help-seeking behaviours: housing challenges with higher help-seeking (OR = 1.28; 95% CI [1.15, 1.42]); relational difficulties and edu-employment issues with lower (OR = 0.75; 95% CI [0.68, 0.83] and OR = 0.82; 95% CI [0.75, 0.89]). Stigma, confidentiality concerns, cost and not knowing where to seek help were common barriers to help-seeking; those experiencing social exclusion more likely to report these. Participants reported a strong preference for face-to-face support. Conclusions: This study highlights the additional needs and challenges faced by adolescents dealing with both social exclusion and mental ill-health. With greater barriers to help-seeking, concerted efforts are needed to reduce stigma, improve mental health literacy and increase access to trusted information sources. Further initiatives should focus on structural factors that socially exclude young people and exacerbate inequitable access to mental healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To promote prosocial defending behaviours to social exclusion, it is important to understand the role of social‐cognitive factors in bystanders' cognition, judgements and responses. The current research examined how social cognitive skills relate to different aspects of bystanders' cognition, judgements and responses in the five‐step intervention model. Data were collected from 96 Turkish children and adolescents (Mage = 12.39 years, SD = 1.74, 59 girls, aged 10–17). Participants were presented with a hypothetical social exclusion scenario and their bystanders' cognition, judgements and responses were measured via five‐step intervention model. Theory of mind (ToM), mind‐reading motivation (MRM) and empathy were also measured as predictors. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that while ToM and MRM were more likely to predict bystanders' judgements and cognitions around social exclusion, empathy was also found to be correlated with behavioural aspects of bystanders' responses beside cognitions and judgements. Overall, our novel findings provide insight for intervention studies to promote prosocial bystanders' judgements, cognitions and responses by addressing different social‐cognitive skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the entanglement of social impacts of bottom-up urban branding processes on local hyperdiverse communities, through an ethnography of a neighborhood of Milan recently named by a group of residents as "NoLo." Indeed, existing literature has broadly investigated urban rebranding as a tool used by policy makers to foster social change and economic capital, imposing top-down transformations. Nevertheless, a gap in the bottom-up place rebranding processes exists. We inspect it through the aforementioned case study and by combining place branding literature, the loss of place identity and theories on empowerment. Empirically, we analyze the socioeconomic processes and the actors that enabled the rebranding, discussing the positive externalities and the criticalities in terms of marginalization of weaker social groups and cultural hegemony. As for the theory, we contribute to the literature arguing that a bottom-up process is not enough to avoid a loss of place identity, as it can lead to selective empowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The social climate in the classroom can impact students' mental well-being, behaviour and peer-learning opportunities. This article describes one way that elementary teachers can understand students' social networks using a sociogram. Findings show variation in classroom cohesion and reveal groups of students who are at higher risk of social exclusion. Discussion of implications includes possible reasons for students' social exclusion and ways teachers might use information to improve the social climate in the classroom. This article focuses on the role of initial teacher education programmes in building teacher skills to develop a robust and positive social climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The study explores measures designed explicitly to manage people with disabilities in a context where diversity interventions are incorporated voluntarily. Furthermore, it examines global organizations' approaches to marginalized groups, such as people with disabilities, in a context where there is an explicit lack of state regulation on diversity measures. Design/methodology/approach: An abductive approach was adopted for the exploratory nature, which sought to understand how global organizations in a developing country utilize diversity management mechanisms to manage people with disabilities. Findings: The findings reveal that human resources departments of international organizations operating in a neoliberal environment demonstrate two distinct perspectives for individuals with disabilities: (i) inclusiveness due to legal pressures and (ii) social exclusion. Originality/value: We explored global organizations' approaches to marginalized groups, such as people with disabilities, in the context of an explicit lack of state regulation on diversity measures and showed that the absence of coercive regulation leads to voluntary actions with adverse consequences. The paper expands theories that critique the inclusion of individuals with disabilities in untamed neoliberal contexts and explains how the responsibilization of institutional actors could enhance what is practical and possible for the workplace inclusion of individuals with disabilities. Without such institutional responsibilization, our findings reveal that disability inclusion is left to the limited prospects of the market rationales to the extent of bottom-line utility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we investigate how being socially excluded (vs. included) affects people's distributive fairness judgements and their willingness to cooperate with others in subsequent interactions. For this purpose, we conducted three experiments in which we assessed individual differences in having experienced being socially excluded (Experiment 1, N = 164), and manipulated social exclusion (Experiment 2, N = 120; Experiment 3, N = 492). We studied how this impacted fairness judgements of three different outcome distributions (disadvantageous inequality, advantageous inequality, and equality) both within‐participants (Experiments 1 and 2) and between‐participants (Experiment 3). To assess behavioural consequences, we then also assessed participants' cooperation in a social dilemma game. Across the three experiments, we consistently found that social exclusion impacted fairness judgements. Compared to inclusion, excluded participants judged disadvantageous inequality as more unfair and advantageous inequality as less unfair. Moreover, compared to socially included participants, socially excluded participants were more willing to cooperate after experiencing advantageous rather than disadvantageous inequality, and feelings of acceptance served as a mediator in these associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the influence of social exclusion on the relapse tendency of female drug rehab patients, and the mediating role of self-esteem and the moderating role of positive psychological capital. Method: A total of 288 female drug rehabilitation patients were selected, and the Social Exclusion Questionnaire (SEQ) was used to assess the degree of social exclusion experienced by the patients. The Relapse Tendency Questionnaire (RPQ) was used to evaluate the current tendency of drug relapse. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) was used to evaluate the self-esteem level of the patients, and the Positive Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PPCQ) was used to evaluate their level of positive psychological capital. Results: The SEQ scores of female drug rehab patients were positively correlated with the RPQ scores (beta = 0.41, P < 0.001) The RSES scores had a mediating effect between the scores of SEQ and RPQ, with a mediation effect size of 0.09 (95% CI: 0.04-0. 15, accounting for 20.6% of the total effect). The PPCQ scores had a moderating effect between the scores of RSES and RPQ (beta = 0.08, P < 0.05) and between the scores of SEQ and RPQ (beta = 0.1 P < 0.05). Conclusion: Social exclusion could not only directly affect but also indirectly affect the relapse tendency through self-esteem of female drug rehab patients. Positive psychological capital could moderate the relationship between social exclusion, self-esteem, and relapse tendency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We aimed to explore the multidimensional nature of social inclusion (mSI) among patients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD), and to identify the predictors of 3-year mSI and the mSI prediction using traditional and data-driven approaches. Methods: We used the baseline and 3-year follow-up data of 1119 patients from the Genetic Risk and Outcome in Psychosis (GROUP) cohort in the Netherlands. The outcome mSI was defined as clusters derived from combined analyses of thirteen subscales from the Social Functioning Scale and the brief version of World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaires through K-means clustering. Prediction models were built through multinomial logistic regression (ModelMLR) and random forest (ModelRF), internally validated via bootstrapping and compared by accuracy and the discriminability of mSI subgroups. Results: We identified five mSI subgroups: "very low (social functioning)/very low (quality of life)" (8.58%), "low/low" (12.87%), "high/low" (49.24%), "medium/high" (18.05%), and "high/high" (11.26%). The mSI was robustly predicted by a genetic predisposition for SSD, premorbid adjustment, positive, negative, and depressive symptoms, number of met needs, and baseline satisfaction with the environment and social life. The ModelRF (61.61% [54.90%, 68.01%]; P =0.013) was cautiously considered outperform the ModelMLR (59.16% [55.75%, 62.58%]; P =0.994). Conclusion: We introduced and distinguished meaningful subgroups of mSI, which were modestly predictable from baseline clinical characteristics. A possibility for early prediction of mSI at the clinical stage may unlock the potential for faster and more impactful social support that is specifically tailored to the unique characteristics of the mSI subgroup to which a given patient belongs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drinking alcohol with co-workers is a common practice in many countries. However, because consumption of alcohol is socially unaccepted in several religious groups, the use of alcohol in an occupational context may be discriminatory and have negative side-effects. In annual surveys of part- and fulltime employees in Norway conducted between 2015 and 2022, we found that employees affiliated with religious minorities more often experienced social exclusion due to work-related alcohol use than non-religious employees and the religious majority. Experiencing alcohol-related social exclusion was related to more negative perceptions of the social work environment and more absence from work. Restrictive alcohol practices and policies at the workplace were associated with less social exclusion and appeared to be protective for religious minorities, without impairing the social work environment of other employees. Social exclusion of religious minorities can be reduced if employers limit or avoid serving alcohol to employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While research on Cuba may present a story of increasing tolerance for LGBT people, this article's gendered analysis highlights the fractured nature of the 'community', revealing social exclusion based on deeply embedded patriarchal, racialised, and classed gender norms. Based on ethnographic research with Cuban lesbian and bisexual women and drawing on examples of Cuban LGBT public social space, it argues that the discrimination and social exclusion that lesbian and bisexual women face is underpinned by Cuba's rigid machista gender norms, beyond straightforward sexism and sexual orientation discrimination. In three public spaces—CENESEX in Havana; gay clubs; and the Matanzas branch of the Iglesia de la Comunidad Metropolitana – Metropolitan Community Church – it shows how lesbian and bisexual women struggle to make social connections and community. This article develops the argument that, in this case study, political and social acceptance of different sexualities is built on a foundation of gender normativity, and excludes those who do not comply with gender norms. It brings a gendered analysis into the story of 'gay rights' in Cuba, which is often missing. Alongside other studies on lesbian and bisexual women across the world, this research helps demonstrate how LGBTIQ lives are structured by gender norms, and why it is important to consider gender in our work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to analyze the differences in suffering stressful life events (SLE) among women experiencing homelessness who had or had not been in prostitution. Data were collected from a sample of 135 women experiencing homelessness in Madrid. A total of 81% of the women interviewed had never been in prostitution, while 19% had been in prostitution at some point in their lives. Participants were recruited from shelters, drop-in centers, and public spaces. The information was collected using a structured interview. The results showed that women experiencing homelessness who had been in prostitution suffered a greater number of SLE, both in childhood and adolescence and throughout life. The interviewed who had been in prostitution were between two and nine times more likely to have experienced during their childhood and adolescence violence in their family, as well as to have run away from home, experienced abuse, attempted suicide, and used drugs excessively. Furthermore, during their lifetime, the interviewed who had been in prostitution were between two and four times more likely to suffer from serious physical and mental health issues, excessive alcohol consumption, intimate partner violence, physical violence from others, suicide attempts, police reporting, and unwanted pregnancies. Additionally, they were four to six times more likely to have been sexually assaulted or convicted/imprisoned for a crime, seven times more likely to have been arrested, and a striking 32 times more likely to have used drugs excessively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social exclusion is a multidimensional concept defined as being away from social resources and opportunities, being unable to participate in society, and being socially disadvantaged in society. In Türkiye, problems, such as economic disadvantages, inequalities in access to public services, migration and displacement, and lack of infrastructure make social exclusion an important risk factor for children. Therefore, adapting the Social Exclusion Scale for Children to Turkish culture and language can help identify children exposed to social exclusion, better understand the problem, develop effective interventions, and build a more inclusive society. The aim of this study was to adapt the Social Exclusion Scale for Children (SESC) to Turkish society. The data of this methodological study were collected from 380 children aged 12–17. The content validity, construct validity, and internal consistency of SESC were analyzed. The results of this study showed the validity and reliability of SESC as a measurement instrument to assess social exclusion in Turkish children aged 12–17 in the school environment. The Turkish version of SESC was found brief, practical, age-appropriate, self-reported, easily applicable, valid, and reliable measurement instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India, a highly pronatalist country, places motherhood as a core element in defining women. Therefore, it is in this context that the choice of more and more women to be childfree needs to be analysed. This study attempted to explore the stigma and social exclusion faced by childfree women at home and in social settings. The qualitative methodology involving narrative enquiry was used to conduct in-depth interviews of 10 childfree women in India. It was found that stigma ranges from a very subtle manner of questioning to exclusion from certain domains, which often leads to self-regulated exclusion. Studies on the childfree community in India are only just emerging and are limited to the reasons behind childfree choices, while the current study extends to reveal the consequences of the childfree choice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International Students (IS) generate significant revenue in Australia, bringing diversity, but also distinctive needs and values. IS experience unique mental health challenges and their unmet support needs have recently received public and academic attention, notably during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, framing IS as homogeneous misses important variations within this population. A nuanced understanding of diverse IS subgroups with regard to mental health and help seeking is missing from current research. This study therefore explores the experiences of Queer1 International Students (QIS) in Victoria2, and the barriers and facilitators that influence how they seek and gain mental health support. Results show that the persistent impacts of broader socio-cultural factors and systemic gaps in addressing QIS' intersectional needs act as barriers to accessing support, while awareness of intersectionality is critical in providing appropriate professional assistance to QIS. Findings suggest the need to build cultural competence and service collaborations to better support IS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Despite inclusive educational policies, inclusive teaching of diverse students with special educational needs (SEN) presents a professional challenge for many teachers and schools. To better understand how and why educators sometimes teach students with SEN non-inclusively, this study mapped non-inclusive teaching along with justifications for these practices in a primary school in a socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhood. Within this qualitative study, a one-month ethnographic observation of teacher-student and student-student interactions in a single second-grade classroom (with 22 students) was conducted. Additionally, eight teachers from the school and the principal were interviewed on teaching students with SEN. A stepwise-deductive inductive analysis of observations and a thematic analysis of interviews documented how some teachers excluded students with SEN from learning activities and groups by inappropriate space arrangements, reduced teacher-student interactions, and negative expectations. Paradoxically, teachers justified these non-inclusive teaching practices by efforts to address the special educational needs. The findings also documented that the socioeconomically disadvantaged context increased demands on teachers in the school, which possibly contributed to the limited inclusive teaching. The findings underscore the need to increase structural support for socioeconomically disadvantaged schools and show the necessity to systematically foster inclusive attitudes and teaching skills in teacher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: When managed effectively, oil wealth can drive economic development and improve wellbeing. Conversely, as has been the experience in Ogoniland in the Niger Delta, the presence of the oil industry can lead to environmental degradation and social and economic vulnerabilities with negative impacts on health and wellbeing. Few studies have explored the experiences and perceptions of these impacts among residents of host communities themselves. Methods: This qualitative study explored Ogoni residents' experiences and perceptions of oil-industry related economic exclusion and associated impacts on health and wellbeing. In-depth interviews with 22 participants from four Local Government Areas (LGAs) were analyzed with open (inductive) coding. Guided by constructivist philosophy, interpretation of emerging themes was informed by the concept of social exclusion which recognizes that multi-dimensional processes can deprive individuals or groups of resources, rights, goods, and services, thus limiting broader societal participation. Results: Findings highlight the exclusionary impacts of the oil industry at the intersection of i) damaged livelihoods and family income, that increased economic vulnerability and reduced participants' ability to meet basic needs including ability to pay for healthcare; ii) lack of progress on environmental remediation and non-transparent benefit sharing schemes that exacerbate economic displacement and contribute to ongoing exposures to air and water pollution; and iii) insufficient of investment in economic development and essential health services, limiting employment opportunities and ability to access adequate healthcare. Conclusion: Addressing these issues requires integrated policy interventions focusing on equitable resource distribution, environmental restoration, and inclusive economic development to promote sustainable community resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every multi-ethnic state faces ethnic competition and ethnic marginalisation, with minorities often facing varying degrees of discrimination, and power repression. The study adopts the theory of marginalisation and combines historical discourse analysis to examine the marginalisation experienced by Nubians in Egypt. The study finds that the marginalisation suffered by Nubians in Egypt is mainly reflected in the political denial of Nubians’ right to return and inadequate political elections, the economic lack of access to basic services and labour market challenges, as well as the education inequality, and that the state of marginalisation of the Nubian community is still ongoing. The study suggests that in the context of the Egyptian government’s continued neglect of Nubians’ rights and needs, Nubians should create pluralistic Nubian civil social organisations, increase the participation of the Nubian groups in Egyptian society, and create a vibrant public space for the Nubians to reduce the increasing marginalisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social exclusion stands as a source of social discord and holds substantial research value. Prior investigations on social exclusion have overlooked the interactive relationship between the excluded individuals and the observers. Hence, this study comparatively explores the neural mechanisms underlying the psychological responses of two distinct roles within the same social exclusion context. A total of 35 pairs (19 pairs of females) participated in the experiment. Within each pair, one individual assumed the role of a socially excluded participant (target), while the other acted as a social exclusion observer. Targets engaged in an online ball-passing game where controlled ball allocations to the participants created an exclusion scenario. Meanwhile, observers spectated the targets playing the game. Throughout the ball-passing activity, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) recorded the blood oxygen data in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and temporoparietal junction (TPJ) of both participants. Our findings revealed varied levels of rejection sensitivity elicited by direct or observed social exclusion experiences. Additionally, distinct patterns of neural activation were observed: targets displayed conditional differences in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), while male observers exhibited conditional activation differences in the mPFC, and female observers showed conditional activation differences in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). This study juxtaposes the behavioral and neural activation variances between targets and observers within the same social context, offering a novel perspective on investigating the neural mechanisms of social exclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundMethodsResultsConclusionsIndividuals at a higher weight experience greater victimization and exclusion by peers, and limited research suggests that the salience of one’s body image may increase negative emotional reactions to social rejection. Additionally, social exclusion is related to higher levels of social anxiety (SA). We examined how body salience interacts with SA and weight to predict anxiety, self-esteem, and negative affect following social rejection.Participants were undergraduate women (N = 186). We explored the interactive effects of SA, body mass index (BMI), and body salience (i.e., face versus body photo condition) on emotional response to exclusion in a social ostracism paradigm, Cyberball. BMI and self-reported SA were collected at baseline. One week later, participants played Cyberball and reported state affect, anxiety, and self-esteem before and after the game.The 3-way interaction of BMI, SA, and photo condition did not significantly predict post-exclusion state measures. Photo condition moderated the relationship between SA and post-exclusion anxiety and between BMI and post-exclusion anxiety.Those with higher SA were particularly anxious following exclusion if their bodies were visible to others. Additionally, those with lower BMI experienced greater anxiety after exclusion when their body was visible than those with higher BMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior studies have demonstrated the detrimental effects of social exclusion on an individual's self-perception. Nonetheless, existing literature has predominantly focused on its impact on global self-esteem, often neglecting the nuanced effects of various reasons for social exclusion on distinct dimensions of self-evaluation, such as agency and communion. Based on the Big Two model perspective, the present research aims to examine the differential impacts of social exclusion on the distinct dimensions of self-evaluation, namely agency and communion, considering the reasons for social exclusion. It is hypothesized that social exclusion affects different facets of self-evaluation—agency and communion—depending on the context of exclusion. Study 1 identified negative correlations between perceived social exclusion and self-evaluation measures through questionnaires, including global self-esteem and the self-concepts of agency and communion, within a sample of 483 participants (283 females). Studies 2a (n = 93; 75 females) and 2b (n = 91; 66 females), which employed a recall paradigm to manipulate social exclusion in the domains of communion and agency, respectively, revealed that communion exclusion diminished communal self-evaluation, and agency exclusion significantly reduced both agentic and communal self-evaluation. These findings highlight the necessity of distinguishing various types of social exclusion and their distinct effects on the dimensions of self-concept. The research has important implications for the development of interventions aimed at enhancing individual psychological well-being and promoting inclusive social environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research from the United States suggests that having voted for a losing-side candidate in presidential elections is associated with individual feelings of exclusion and social pain, reactions usually observed in interpersonal or small-group instances of exclusion. The current research replicates these findings for voters of losing-side parties in a field study on a real election in a European country (Austria; Study 1), demonstrating that findings hold within a different political system. Moreover, we add experimental support for the causal effect of electoral loss on feelings of exclusion and social pain reactions in a two-party (Study 2) and a multiparty context (Study 3). We further extend previous research by demonstrating that postelectoral need-threat likely translates into behavioral intentions on a societal level (Studies 1–3). The current findings add to an emerging line of research on the importance of individual feelings of exclusion in politics by integrating small-group research with macropolitical behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated children's and adolescents' reasoning about intergroup exclusion based on social class from educational opportunities in Türkiye. The role of children's and adolescents' perceived contact with friends from different socioeconomic backgrounds on their evaluations of exclusion and personal solutions to the exclusion was also examined. Participants (N = 270) included 142 children (8–10 years old, Mage = 9.80; SD = 0.82; 53.5% girls) and 128 adolescents (14–16 years old, Mage = 15.46; SD = 0.91, 61.7% girls) from lower (N = 144) and higher (N = 126) socioeconomic backgrounds. Results showed that while most participants viewed social class‐based exclusion as wrong, adolescents were more likely to view it as wrong than were children. Adolescents from lower SES approached social class‐based exclusion as less acceptable than did adolescents from higher SES who referred to expectations about conformity to authority and the status quo. Moderation analyses showed that for adolescents from higher SES, higher perceived contact with friends from lower SES was associated with decreased acceptability of exclusion and increased motivation to provide equity. Research Highlights: Overall, adolescents living in a country with economic instability evaluated social class‐based exclusion from educational opportunities among peers as unfair and wrong.Adolescents from lower SES viewed social class‐based exclusion as less acceptable than did adolescents from higher SES.Adolescents from higher SES expected that excluders' intentions were motivated by conforming to authority and supporting the status quo more frequently than did children.For adolescents from higher SES, perceived contact with friends from lower SES was associated with decreased acceptability of exclusion and increased motivation to provide equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much discrimination works through exclusion. Poor access to public goods disadvantages minority individuals before they reach the job market. Market impediments to competition cannot explain exclusionary discrimination, and the question is, what can? This paper draws on two different nonmarket theories of discrimination, 'discriminatory equilibrium' and 'stratification economics', to address the question. In one, group cognitive biases are (re)generated by the tenor of inter-group interaction, while in the other the majority finds exclusionary discrimination remunerative given its asymmetric power. This paper models these views as different types of bad equilibria. In a couple, Pareto-improving policy interventions are possible as the problem arises from bad intra-group coordination within, respectively, the minority and the majority. Yet, in a third, the majority is in a payoff-dominant strategy game when discrimination pays off irrespective of coordination dynamics. The mitigation of discrimination in this case is more political than a policy problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Young people living in gosiwons could be at high risk for suicide owing to inadequate living conditions and the social stigma towards them. However, this topic has not received adequate academic attention. Gosiwon is a type of small residence consisting of several tiny rooms densely packed together and usually does not meet minimum housing standards. However, gosiwons are favored by low-income groups, especially young people, because they are cheaper than other residences. This study aimed to examine the factors that increase the risk of suicidal ideation and attempt among young people living in gosiwons. Methods: A sample of 300 young people aged 19–34 years living in gosiwons for over 6 months was analyzed. A set of multinomial logistic regression was conducted to examine the factors that differentiate the suicidal ideation and attempt group from the no-suicidal risk group. Results: Approximately 30% of the study participants experienced suicidal ideation or attempted suicide. Among several risk factors, social exclusion and depressive symptoms distinguished the group with suicidal ideation from the no-risk group. Depressive symptoms were the only factor that differentiated the group with suicide attempts history from the no-risk group. Conclusion: The results emphasize the need to focus on social exclusion and depressive symptoms among young people living in poor housing conditions. Interventions to address social exclusion and depressive symptoms may help prevent suicide risk among young people exposed to housing exclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed data from the Korea Welfare Panel Study to identify changing patterns in social exclusion among South Korean youth and determine the influencing factors. The study examined 345 youth from 2012 to 2021. A fuzzy set theory and growth mixture model was used to measure social exclusion and identify patterns and the associated factors during this timeframe. The main findings are as follows. First, the social exclusion gap among South Korean youth that emerged a decade ago has continued, with high, middle, and low levels of exclusion identified. Second, the analysis revealed that looking at the demographics, being female, having less education and lower personal and household income increased the likelihood of falling into a relatively higher level of social exclusion. Based on the results, policy recommendations are suggested to mitigate the social exclusion gap among Korean youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, gated communities have increasingly become an attractive lifestyle residence worldwide and in the Middle fostering security, privacy, seclusion, and exclusivity. Nonetheless, it seems that with these benefits, other impacts had unfolded and exposed the urban fabric to new attributes such as segregation, fragmentation, and social exclusion. However, gaps exist in the literature on comparative studies on gated communities in regions such as GCC (Gulf Corporation Council) countries and the Middle East (Glasze & Alkhayyal, 2002). This paper aims to examine the social impact of gated communities on the surrounding neighbourhoods through a comparative analysis of cases from the Middle East and GCC. The methodology was implemented to develop a qualitative framework of social segregation indicators to examine similarities and differences between the cases, aiming to identify patterns and gain insights to answer the article's question of whether this phenomenon can be contagious in different settings. Findings reveal that gated communities can have negative and positive impacts on the social well-being of the surrounding neighbourhoods and may lead to social segregation and exclusion in different geographical settings despite their emergence motives. The paper concludes that isolation and lack of interaction between residents inside and outside the walls may have impacts on the social aspect of the surroundings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this print edition 13.3, we continue our journal's tradition and commitment to give a voice to those traditionally excluded in society. In the broader context of the dynamics of global communication and connectivity, we offer six articles from authors principally from the Global South. Their focus on creating spaces for dialogue and inclusion to those often excluded from society – the so-called subaltern voices – importantly offers an alternative to the Western populist narrative and challenges the inequalities created by globalization. It is also timely and especially important set against the backdrop of the rise of the populist right in Europe and North America which appear to pose a threat to those voices least heard across the globe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Language is crucial for successful service exchange, yet it can also become a source of chronic social exclusion for nonnative speakers in the host country. This research examines how language‐based chronic social exclusion affects nonnative consumers' experiences and consequently, their tipping behavior. The results from a survey with 355 nonnative speakers in the USA and 355 nonnative speakers in the UK, along with a field study, reveal that these customers feel threatened in terms of their relational and efficacy needs, influencing their desire to restore their self‐image. This, in turn, positively influences their tipping behavior. This study is the first to empirically explore language‐based chronic social exclusion and its psychological and behavioral effects from the speakers' (nonnative customers') perspective in a service exchange setting. It highlights the importance of inclusive practices and policies to support socially excluded customers based on their language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invisible social groups are systematically left out of the process of development and have to make choices that are predetermined. Research suggests that the tribal and nomadic communities have been majorly affected by such processes. Nat, a peripatetic nomadic tribe in India has undergone similar exclusionary process. However, they continue to survive as a social group and maintain their distinguishing character. This study, therefore, is an attempt to understand their survival within the mainstream society by systematically analysing the following sociocultural attributes: identity construction, education and mobility, and multi-religious belonging. The Nat of Paschim Champaran, in the state of Bihar in India, were the focus of the study. Data was collected from 30 respondents and analysed by applying narrative inquiry. The findings suggest that their professional identity as acrobats continues to define their distinctiveness even when a few have chosen to shift towards other forms of livelihood. This distinctiveness continues to negatively influence their access to education and as a result no major change is witnessed in terms of social mobility of the group. However, it is observed that they have intelligently assimilated themselves within the popular culture by adopting multiple identities with respect to religion and which are activated for diverse purposes and at different times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organising significant sports and cultural events becomes an impulse to accelerate the development of cities and regions. The changes concern various elements of urban space, from public transport to building infrastructure. In the face of increased media interest, city authorities are trying to create a positive image of the city as a place to settle, invest and visit. This involves beautifying public areas where people from marginalised groups also lead their lives. The homeless, vagrants, prostitutes and drug and alcohol addicts, through their appearance and non-standard behaviour, differ from the designed image of the city. The article focuses on the activities of authorities and local governments related to cleaning public spaces from groups affected by social exclusion, which intensifies in the preparation period for the Summer Olympic Games. The text is based on a review of press reports, scientific literature, and reports from organisations dealing with the problem of marginalisation. Analysing the collected material allows for a discussion on the actions taken, their frequency and the socio-political situation in which they occur. The results show that regardless of the city in which the Games are held, marginalised groups experience similar repression of a similar nature using analogous tools. The article attempts to systematise the available knowledge in historical and social contexts.

Abstract Background When managed effectively, oil wealth can drive economic development and improve wellbeing. Conversely, as has been the experience in Ogoniland in the Niger Delta, the presence of the oil industry can lead to environmental degradation and social and economic vulnerabilities with negative impacts on health and wellbeing. Few studies have explored the experiences and perceptions of these impacts among residents of host communities themselves. Methods This qualitative study explored Ogoni residents’ experiences and perceptions of oil-industry related economic exclusion and associated impacts on health and wellbeing. In-depth interviews with 22 participants from four Local Government Areas (LGAs) were analyzed with open (inductive) coding. Guided by constructivist philosophy, interpretation of emerging themes was informed by the concept of social exclusion which recognizes that multi-dimensional processes can deprive individuals or groups of resources, rights, goods, and services, thus limiting broader societal participation. Results Findings highlight the exclusionary impacts of the oil industry at the intersection of i) damaged livelihoods and family income, that increased economic vulnerability and reduced participants’ ability to meet basic needs including ability to pay for healthcare; ii) lack of progress on environmental remediation and non-transparent benefit sharing schemes that exacerbate economic displacement and contribute to ongoing exposures to air and water pollution; and iii) insufficient of investment in economic development and essential health services, limiting employment opportunities and ability to access adequate healthcare. Conclusion Addressing these issues requires integrated policy interventions focusing on equitable resource distribution, environmental restoration, and inclusive economic development to promote sustainable community resilience.

OBJECTIVE: Evidence suggests that greater social integration is related to lower mortality rates. However, studies among African-Americans are limited. We examined whether higher social integration was associated with lower mortality in 5306 African-Americans from the Jackson Heart Study, who completed the Berkman-Syme Social Network Index in 2000-2004 and were followed until 2018. METHODS: We estimated hazard ratios (HR) of mortality by categories of the Social Network Index (i.e., high social isolation, moderate social isolation [reference group], moderate social integration, high social integration) using Cox proportional hazard models. Covariates included baseline sociodemographics, depressive symptoms, health conditions, and health behaviors. RESULTS: Compared with moderate isolation, moderate integration was associated with an 11% lower mortality rate (HR = 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.77, 1.03), and high integration was associated with a 25% lower mortality rate (HR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.64, 0.87), controlling for sociodemographics and depressive symptoms; compared with moderate isolation, high isolation was related to a 34% higher mortality rate (HR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.00, 1.79). Further adjustment of potential mediators (health conditions and health behaviors) only slightly attenuated HRs (e.g., HRmoderate integration = 0.90, 95% CI 0.78, 1.05; HRhigh integration = 0.77, 95% CI 0.66, 0.89). CONCLUSION: Social integration may be a psychosocial health asset with future work needed to identify biobehavioral processes underlying observed associations with mortality among African-Americans.

The study examines the exclusion of older people using a multidimensional approach to understand the different domains of exclusion. Particularly, it evaluates the risk factors of old-age social exclusion, focusing on the level of exclusion across three domains such as social relations, economic and material resources, and social activities, as well as the total exclusion score. Using secondary data from the Building Knowledge Base on Population Ageing in India (BKPAI) survey, the study employed bivariate descriptive and multinomial logistic regression models to assess the factors that affect social exclusion for all three domains, as well as the total exclusion score. Results for the total social exclusion score reveal that older people in their later ages, women, from rural areas, without schooling, living alone, without work, and having poor physical health, experienced a severe risk of exclusion. Notably, older people at later ages (70+) from rural areas without schooling experienced both moderate and severe exclusion in all the domains, as well as in the total exclusion score. While analysing exclusion across all three domains, the study found that older people were most at risk of exclusion in the domains of economic and material resources, followed by the domain of social relations. Thus, ageing policies should consider these micro-level risk factors associated with these two domains to combat the exclusion and improve their quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the harms of social exclusion is increasing the tendency to use drugs. The present study was conducted with the aim of sociologically explaining the effect of social rejection on the tendency to use drugs among women who refer to drug withdrawal and rehabilitation centers in Tehran. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, the statistical population of the research was women referring to the above centers in Tehran, and 385 of them were selected as a statistical sample based on the multi-stage random cluster sampling method. The research results showed; The independent variables of the research have explained a total of about 37% of the changes in the dependent variable, i.e. the tendency to use drugs, and about 60% of the changes in the dependent variable of the research have been evaluated outside of the researcher's imaginary model, also based on the results of the research of the seven variables; Nonpresent social relations, present social relations, associational participation, intergroup support, intragroup support and non-associational participation respectively had the greatest negative effect on the tendency to use drugs, in contrast to the independent variable of exclusion from the labor market in the tendency of the studied subjects. It had a positive effect on drug use. In better words, the variables; Face-to-face social relations, non-face-to-face social relations, association participation and intergroup support and intra-group support and non-association participation have had a reducing effect on the tendency to use drugs, but exclusion from the labor market has had an increasing effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study seeks to assess the stigma caused by electronic monitoring of individuals and its impact on society. The problem guiding the research can be summarized in the following question: Can electronic monitoring be considered a form of social stigma? Based on data collected from a series of studies conducted on the topic in the field of Law and Political Science, reflected in the bibliography that supports this study, it becomes possible to affirm that, like incarceration, electronic monitoring is also a form of stigmatizing the individual. Electronic monitoring is a tool that identifies the individual as someone who has committed a crime and, like all stigmas, it differentiates them from the rest of the population, thereby causing prejudices and other forms of discrimination. The general objective of the research is to assess how electronic monitoring generates stigmatized bodies in society. To give substance to the general objective, the specific objectives of the text, which are reflected in its structure in two sections, are: a) to evaluate, based on studies already conducted in the field of Law and Criminology, the concept of stigma and who the stigmatized people were throughout social evolution; b) to investigate how electronic monitoring is characterized by creating stigmatized bodies. The research method employed was hypothetical-deductive through the use of bibliographic and documentary research techniques.

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to clarify the link between oral health-related quality of life (independent variable) and loneliness (outcome) among the general adult population (also stratified by sex). Methods Data were taken from a quota-based survey of the German general adult population (representative in terms of state, sex and age group), with n = 5,000 individuals (mean age was 46.9 years, SD: 15.3 years, ranging from 18 to 74 years). Oral health-related quality of life was quantified using the OHIP-G5. Loneliness was quantified using the De Jong Gierveld tool. Multiple linear regressions were conducted. Results After adjusting for several covariates, multiple linear regressions revealed that poor oral health-related quality of life is associated with higher loneliness levels in the total sample (β = 0.12, p

Abstract This paper studies the long-term consequences of unemployment on different dimensions of social exclusion. Based on longitudinal linked survey and administrative data from Germany and an event study analysis combined with inverse propensity score weighting, I document that becoming unemployed has lasting adverse effects on both individuals’ material well-being and their subjective perception of social status and integration, persisting even after four years. An examination of effect heterogeneity underscores that the enduring effects of job loss are more pronounced for individuals confronted with challenging labor market conditions, those with a history of repeated unemployment, and individuals with lower levels of educational attainment.

Abstract Background Key populations are defined as groups that are susceptible to HIV, including Men Sex with Men (MSM), Transgender (TG), Persons who Inject Drug (PID), and Female Sex Worker (FSW). These key populations groups are among the fastest-growing populations in Indonesia. These vulnerable groups are ostracized by society and health services, which makes it difficult to get treatment. This project was carried out to investigate the different experiences and perspectives of these key populations in facing and addressing social and spiritual exclusion. Methods A qualitative phenomenological study using photovoice was carried out from July to December 2022. Key populations comprising MSM, TG, PID, and FSW were recruited from community-based peer groups in West Bandung Regency using snowball sampling. This was followed by the Photovoice stages, from workshops to focus group discussions and interviews with audio recordings. Furthermore, thematic data analysis was carried out by interpretative participant narratives and photographs supported by Atlas.ti software. Result Eighteen participants comprising four MSM, five TG, four PIDs, and five FSWs participated in this research. Among these eighteen participants, six were HIV-negative, including 3 PIDs and 3 FSWs, while the remaining were positive. The analysis of the collected data identified four main themes: 1) limited access like unequal treatment, disadvantage, and harassment, 2) social and spiritual impact, 3) coping mechanisms, and 4) self-reflection through photovoice. These results showed that social exclusion occurred in an environment where community values, beliefs, and norms dehumanised these key populations, and where removal of support and care was prominent. Despite these challenges, participant resilience was evidenced by using internal resources and peer support as coping mechanisms. The participants considered photovoice as a tool to foster self-confidence and self-awareness through a reflective process. Conclusions The findings of this study highlight the emphasis on participants' openness in sharing their experiences, which can build empathy and promote a more inclusive community in HIV prevention efforts. This research findings can be used to inform HIV policy and practice and inclusion of these key populations in the community. We advocate making the photovoice efforts accessible to a wider audience through exhibitions and various media.

Abstract Examining the future trajectory of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) reveals that challenges persist in achieving their targets. While each SDG embodies unique aspirations, overarching challenges permeate its implementation. This paper, with its primary goal to raise awareness about the challenges of SDG 10, directs attention to the challenges surrounding SDG 10, focusing on reducing inequality within and among countries. Through a concise exploration, it identifies five major obstacles impeding progress toward this goal. Firstly, economic inequality poses a significant barrier, with disparities in income and wealth acting as major hindrances to achieving equality. Secondly, social exclusion exacerbates these inequalities, with marginalized groups such as minorities, women, and people with disabilities facing significant barriers to accessing resources and opportunities. Thirdly, political barriers, including a lack of political will and ineffective governance systems, are impeding efforts to address inequality and promote inclusive policies. The fourth challenge is unequal education and healthcare access, perpetuating social and economic disparities. Finally, global economic interdependence, driven by globalization, is exacerbating inequalities between countries, particularly in areas such as trade, finance, and technology access. By delineating these challenges within SDG 10, this paper aims to underscore the multifaceted nature of inequality and the imperative for targeted interventions to advance sustainable development. It’s important to note that addressing these challenges is not a task for one entity, but requires the collective efforts of all stakeholders. It necessitates innovative strategies and, most importantly, collaborative partnerships to foster a more equitable and inclusive world. Your involvement, as a key stakeholder, is crucial in this endeavor.

Abstract Objective Previous studies have revealed associations between sleep quality and mental health, yet the comprehensive role of sleep quality, daytime dysfunction, social exclusion, and self-control in difficulties with emotion regulation remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate how sleep quality affects emotion regulation difficulties among middle school students through pathways involving daytime dysfunction, social exclusion, and self-control, thereby providing a more comprehensive theoretical basis for mental health interventions. Methods Utilizing the pittsburgh sleep quality index, the adolescent social exclusion scale, the brief self-control scale, and emotion regulation scale-short form, we assessed 1067 students randomly selected from four middle schools from October to November 2023. After the removal of extreme values (those exceeding 3 standard deviations), 806 students were retained for data analysis. Results Our findings indicate that poor sleep quality significantly contributes to increased daytime dysfunction(β = 0.86, SE = 0.07, p

Immigrants may experience many psychosocial problems when migrating from a home to a host country, including social isolation. Social exclusion is also important among the problems experienced by immigrants. This study aims to determine the factors affecting Afghan immigrants' perceived social exclusion in Türkiye. Accordingly, a cross‐sectional study was conducted on 211 Afghan immigrants (Mage = 30.66, SD = 9), 24% of whom were females. The socio‐demographic information form, social exclusion scale, self‐esteem rating scale, and life satisfaction scale were used to collect data in this study. The findings showed that Turkish language proficiency, the length of residence in Türkiye, working status in Türkiye, life satisfaction, and negative self‐esteem were predictor factors for social exclusion. Considering the results, suggestions to decision‐makers and mental health professionals to reduce the perceived social exclusion of Afghan immigrants are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-suicidal Self-injury (NSSI) has an association with psychological issues, increasing the risk of suicide. Social exclusion is a common and negative phenomenon, arising as a great risk factor for individuals' physical and mental health. College students are in a development period featuring challenges and opportunities, making them vulnerable to social exclusion and NSSI. In this context, this study explored the mechanism of rumination between social exclusion and NSSI among college students and its significance as a mediator. Participants were 674 Chinese college students selected using random cluster sampling. The questionnaires included the Social Exclusion Questionnaire for Undergraduates (SEQU), the Adolescent Self-Injury Scale (ASIS), and the Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS). Additionally, Bootstrap analysis was used to evaluate the mediating role of rumination between social exclusion and NSSI among college students. The results indicate significant positive correlations among social exclusion, NSSI, and rumination (r = 0.171,0.383,0.243, all p < 0.001). This suggests that college students' social exclusion can directly affect the occurrence of NSSI and indirectly influence NSSI through the mediating role of rumination (β = 0.20,t = 4.97,p < 0.001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unaccompanied minors (UM) entering Europe face significant psychosocial challenges. Uncertain residence situations, marginalization during the asylum process, and low levels of support increase their risk of developing mental health and drug use issues. However, little is known about drug involvement (using and dealing) in this group. This is the first study to investigate drug involvement among young adults who entered Europe as UM from their subjective perspectives. We conducted qualitative interviews with 11 Afghan men who came to Sweden as UM in 2015/2016 and had experience of using and/or selling drugs, and analyzed the transcripts based on grounded theory. Drug initiation usually occurred after arrival in Sweden and was related to peer influence. Using and selling fulfilled specific psychosocial functions including self-medication and money-making. 'Not having a real life' (being excluded from school, employment, and many social activities) emerged as a central motive for drug involvement. By using or selling drugs, feelings of social belonging and control over one's own life could be experienced. Long, uncertain asylum processes and social exclusion exacerbate the risk of UM and former UM using or selling drugs. Policy and intervention measures must focus on providing this group with support, social inclusion, and meaningful activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined access to water, food, and nutrition programs among marginalized communities in Southern Punjab, Pakistan, and their effects on nutrition. Both qualitative and quantitative data were used in this study. We held two focus group discussions (one with 10 males and one with 10 females) and conducted in-depth interviews with 15 key stakeholders, including 20 mothers and 10 healthcare providers. A survey of 235 households was carried out to evaluate water and food insecurity, with the data analyzed using Wilcoxon's rank-sum test, t-test, and Pearson's chi-square test. The results revealed that 90% of households experienced moderate-to-severe water insecurity, and 73% faced moderate-to-severe food insecurity. Household water and food insecurity were positively correlated with each other (correlation coefficient = 0.205; p = 0.004). Greater household water (p = 0.028) and food insecurity (p < 0.001) were both associated with higher perceived stress. Furthermore, lower socioeconomic status was strongly related to higher levels of water (p < 0.001) and food insecurity (p < 0.001). Qualitative findings highlight the impact of colonial and post-colonial policies, which have resulted in water injustice, supply issues, and corruption in water administration. Women face significant challenges in fetching water, including stigma, harassment, and gender vulnerabilities, leading to conflicts and injuries. Water scarcity and poor quality adversely affect sanitation, hygiene, and breastfeeding practices among lactating mothers. Structural adjustment policies have exacerbated inflation and reduced purchasing power. Respondents reported a widespread lack of dietary diversity and food quality. Nutrition programs face obstacles such as the exclusion of people with low social and cultural capital, underfunding, weak monitoring, health sector corruption, and the influence of formula milk companies allied with the medical community and bureaucracy. This study concludes that addressing the macro-political and economic causes of undernutrition should be prioritized to improve nutrition security in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]