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Chronic pain and functional impairment associated with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders (TMD) considerably reduce oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). In the present study we have assessed the influence of prolotherapy in patients with TMD by the subjective measurement of QoL using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14). Twenty-five patients diagnosed with TMD (mean (range) age 38 (18 - 70) years) were included. They had all undergone dextrose prolotherapy to the TMJ at regular time intervals (four times at intervals of two weeks) using the method suggested by Hemwall-Hackett. They were asked to answer the OHIP-14 questionnaire before and two years after prolotherapy. Seven domains of OHRQoL were rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 0 (never) to 4 (very often). Domain scores and total OHIP-14 scores were compared using inferential statistics (chi squared and Wilcoxon signed rank tests). Prolotherapy was effective over time, as all the domains' mean scores decreased considerably after treatment. The total mean score before prolotherapy was 21.20, which was extensively reduced to 13.08 after prolotherapy (p=0.001). There was statistically significant improvement in all domains, including functional limitation, physical pain, psychological discomfort, physical disability, psychological disability, social disability, and handicap (p≤0.005 in all cases). We concluded that prolotherapy has a promising role in the improvement of OHRQoL of patients with TMD, and its beneficial effects persist at least two years after treatment.

Background: Closure of the space of missing maxillary lateral incisors and canine substitution is probably the first choice to avoid long-term restorative replacements but may produce an inferior aesthetic result which may has adverse effect on oral health. Aims: To assess the effects of orthodontic space closure (OSC) of bilateral congenitally absence of maxillary lateral incisors (CMMLI) and consequent canine substitution on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQL). Materials and Methods: The impacts of OSC and canine substitution on the OHRQL were assessed using the short-version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) and a modified version of the Eastman Esthetic Index (EEI) questionnaires. Answers of the patients’ perception to esthetics of the tooth substitution were rated and correlated between gender and compared between the oral health and esthetic perception categories. Results: Females had higher mean OHIP score in all domains and lower mean EEI score than males. Overall, 76% of patients rated their oral health as satisfactory, more males were satisfied than females. Significantly, 33.3% of females recorded impacts to their oral health compared to 20% of males (P=0.014). More males (p=0.049) were dissatisfied with the colour, and more females (p=0.022) were dissatisfied with the shape. The most common impacts were related to social disability domain in the perception of male patients to colour of teeth (p=0.00078) and in Psychological discomfort and disability domains in females with poor perception to the shape and size of teeth, respectively. Conclusions: One-fourth of patients were associated with impairment in OHRQL, this extent and severity appeared to be expressed by social disability and psychological discomfort. Keywords: Canine substitution, Congenitally absence of maxillary lateral incisors, Eastman Esthetic Index, Oral Health Impact Profile, Oral Health Related Quality of life, Orthodontic space closure, O

The present, exploratory study examined retrospective and current peer victimization in a multi-university sample of 58 college students with disabilities, 18 (31%) of whom identified as sexual minorities. Fifty-seven participants reported peer victimization during childhood, and approximately half reported experiencing peer victimization in the past 2 months. Students who identified as sexual minorities reported more retrospective victimization but current victimization did not differ between the two groups. Current and retrospective peer victimization were significantly correlated with present psychological distress. Professionals who work with students with disabilities should be aware of the high prevalence of peer victimization and its psychological correlates in this population.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two types of treatment (counselling programme versus counselling programme plus jaw exercises) to improve the quality of life of patients with disc displacement with reduction (DDWR). MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients were divided into two groups. The test group received guidelines for temporomandibular disorders (TMD) plus jaw exercises for DDWR, and the control group received only guidelines for TMD. The total number of investigated patients was 70, thus 35 per group. The oral health-related quality of life was assessed by the OHIP-14 questionnaire. Both groups were evaluated at the baseline and 30 days post-treatment. RESULTS In the counselling group, there was statistically significant decrease in pain (P = .015) and social disability (P = .046) subscales. In the counselling plus jaw exercise group, there was statistically significant decrease in all subscales (P

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chronic pain causes functional and social disability, resulting in emotional impact. This study’s objective was to describe the main impairments of activities of daily living, anxious and depressive symptoms, and quality of life in patients with chronic pain. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with chronic pain outpatients. Analysis of clinical and sociodemographic variables, as well as activities of daily living. Assessment of pain, anxious and depressive symptoms by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, quality of life by the Medical Outcomes Study 36 - Item Short Form Health Survey questionnaire and data analysis by the SPSS statistical software. RESULTS: The study observed limitations in work, movement, leisure and home activities, quality of life below the median and worse for the physical and emotional domains. Sleep was very impaired, followed by partial difficulty with appetite and sexual activity. Although they had anxious and depressive symptoms, most participants were moderately satisfied with their treatment. CONCLUSION: Chronic pain has a very significant impact on quality of life, impairing and limiting daily activities more intensely in individuals with anxious and depressive symptoms. RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Dor crônica acarreta incapacidade funcional e social, impactando emocionalmente os indivíduos. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os principais comprometimentos das atividades de vida diária, sintomas ansiosos e depressivos e qualidade de vida em pacientes com dor crônica. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com pacientes de ambulatório de dor crônica. Análise das variáveis clínicas e sociodemográficas, assim como das atividades de vida diária. Avaliação de dor, de sintomas ansiosos e depressivos pela Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, de qualidade de vida pelo questionário Medical Outcomes Study 36 - Item Short Form Health Survey e a análise dos dados no programa estatístico SPSS. RESULTADOS: Foi evidenciada limitação para o trabalho, movimento, lazer e atividade domiciliar, qualidade de vida abaixo da mediana e pior para os domínios aspectos físicos e emocionais. O sono foi muito comprometido, seguido de dificuldade parcial para apetite e atividade sexual. Embora apresentassem sintomas ansiosos e depressivos, a maioria dos participantes estavam moderadamente satisfeitos com o tratamento. CONCLUSÃO: A dor crônica impacta de forma muito significativa na qualidade de vida, comprometendo e limitando as atividades diárias de modo mais intenso nos portadores de sintomas ansiosos e depressivos.

Research on the expression and prevalence of co-occurring anxiety disorders and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has produced variable results. In part this is due to heterogeneity in the characteristics of the samples, methodology, and the underlying cause of anxiety disorders and ASD across studies. This review will focus on the aspects related to the manifestation of anxiety disorders in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), in order to establish the amount of comorbidity or heterogeneity both within and between these disorders. This review will also elaborate on the findings from related studies with reference to the underlying causes of both disorders. A number of typical anxiety symptoms play a significant role characterising autism, creating overlap and heterogeneity in the disorders. Therefore, further research on the measurement of anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents with ASD in addition to the interaction of anxiety and social disability in this population is required, so appropriate treatment and intervention can be established to address each specific characteristic of these disorders.

INTRODUCTION This paper analyses the correlations between scores on scales assessing impairment, psychological distress, disability, and quality of life in patients with peripheral facial palsy (PFP). MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study including 30 patients in whom PFP had not resolved completely. We used tools for assessing impairment (Sunnybrook Facial Grading System [FGS]), psychological distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]), disability (Facial Disability Index [FDI]), and quality of life (Facial Clinimetric Evaluation [FaCE] scale). RESULTS We found no correlations between FGS and HADS scores, or between FGS and FDI social function scores. However, we did find a correlation between FGS and FDI physical function scores (r=0.54; P

Purpose The aim of this study was to compare patient satisfaction and oral impacts experienced by patients treated with labial or lingual biocreative therapy. Material and methods Twenty-eight patients (17–25 years) were randomly divided into two groups: group 1, labial biocreative therapy type II, and group 2, lingual biocreative therapy. At the end of the retraction phase, patients were asked to complete a questionnaire to assess oral impacts caused by the appliance and patient satisfaction from treatment. Frequency and percent values were calculated for every question for both groups. Independent-sample t-test was conducted to assess differences between the two groups. Fischer exact test was used to compare the answers of the two groups with each question separately. Results Difficulty in chewing, pain, and discomfort caused by the appliance were the most commonly reported adverse effects of the appliance used by patients in both groups. Statistically highly significant differences were found between the two groups regarding appliance esthetics and social disability scale, whereas no significant differences were found for the other domains. Conclusions Oral impacts are commonly experienced during both labial and lingual biocreative therapies. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups regarding functional limitation, physical pain, and adverse effects on quality of life. Patients treated with labial biocreative therapy were more annoyed by the appearance of the appliance and were more likely to be embarrassed compared with those treated by the lingual biocreative technique. Both groups had similar levels of treatment satisfaction.

Aim: This prospective controlled clinical study aimed to evaluate the effect of botulinum toxin Type A (BTX-A) on pain control and quality of life (QoL) in patients with chronic myofascial pain. Materials & methods: Patients with chronic myofascial pain were randomly divided into two groups (n = 20): counseling and self-care and Michigan-type occlusal splint (MOS) (CG-control group) or BTX-A injection (BTX-AG). The pain was evaluated with visual analogue scale and QoL with the oral health impact profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire. Results: In both groups, the pain was reduced, and QoL improved after 30 days. The results of social disability and handicap were better for patients treated with counseling and self-care and MOS. Conclusion: Minimally invasive strategies and BTX-A application improved QoL and alleviated myofascial pain.

Objectives: This study aimed at evaluating oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among adults with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) and compared it with adults with no orofacial cleft. The study also intended to find out the impact of cleft severity, gender, and age on the perceived OHRQoL. Materials and Methods: The study was composed of a sample of 70 adult participants who received and completed dental treatments: 35 participants with CL/P (CL/P group) and 35 participants with no orofacial cleft (control group) agreed to participate. Each participant completed the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-49) with no missing data. The OHIP-49 data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test, and a P-value

X‐linked hypophosphataemia (XLH) and osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) are rare congenital disorders characterised by skeletal dysplasia. The two disorders may include dental anomalies potentially affecting individual well‐being. The aims of study were (a) to assess the oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) in Danish adults with XLH or OI, and (b) to compare the results of the groups. A cross‐sectional study including 35 adults with XLH, 56 adults with OI type I and 17 adults with OI types III‐IV was conducted. The OHRQoL was assessed by the 49‐item version of the questionnaire Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP). Summed domain scores (seven) were compared between XLH and OI groups. Prevalence of severe impact on OHRQoL (scores 3‐4) was compared between groups. The median scores in XLH group exceeded the medians in OI (P

Background: Data from the literature suggests the presence of cognitive impairments which persist in the euthymic phase of bipolar disorder (BD) and have significant consequences in regards to psychosocial functioning. The aims of our study were: 1) to ascertain the cognitive function (CF), social disability (SD) and basic life skills (BLS) of euthymic patients diagnosed with BD, 2) their relationship and 3) to compare CF, SD and BLS in euthymic patients diagnosed with BD to euthymic patients with recurrent major depressive disorder (rMDD).Subjects and methods: Ninety eight euthymic patients diagnosed either with BD (N=48, mean age 48.79 years, SD = 8.587) or rMDD (N=50, mean age 50.02 years, SD = 9.826) underwent testing using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Affective Disorders (BAC-A) test, the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) and the UCSD performance-based skills assessment (UPSA-brief). Results: Euthymic patients with BD demonstrated significantly lower scores as compared to normal population values in verbal, learning and working memory, verbal fluency, attention and processing speed, affective memory for negative and positive words (p?0.01 each) and motor speed (p

Social cognition, social skill, and social motivation have been extensively researched and characterized as atypical in autistic people, with the assumption that each mechanistically contributes to the broader social interaction difficulties that diagnostically define the condition. Despite this assumption, research has not directly assessed whether or how these three social domains contribute to actual real-world social interaction outcomes for autistic people. The current study administered standardized measures of social cognition, social skill, and social motivation to 67 autistic and 58 non-autistic (NA) adults and assessed whether performance on these measures, both individually and relationally between dyadic partners, predicted outcomes for autistic and NA adults interacting with unfamiliar autistic and NA partners in a 5 minute unstructured “get to know you” conversation. Consistent with previous research, autistic adults scored lower than NA adults on the three social domains and were evaluated less favorably by their conversation partners. However, links between autistic adults' performance on the three social domains and their social interaction outcomes were minimal and, contrary to prediction, only the social abilities of NA adults predicted some interaction outcomes within mixed diagnostic dyads. Collectively, results suggest that reduced performance by autistic adults on standardized measures of social cognition, social skill, and social motivation do not correspond in clear and predictable ways with their real-world social interaction outcomes. They also highlight the need for the development and validation of more ecological assessments of autistic social abilities and the consideration of relational dynamics, not just individual characteristics, when assessing social disability in autism.

Hearing impairment is a common chronic condition in middle-aged and elderly adults. The number of individuals with hearing impairment is expected to rise because of the longer life expectancies and trends in the population growth. Acquired hearing impairment in adulthood is not just a disorder of the sense of hearing. It is primarily a social disability because its handicapping effect is experienced in interaction with other people. This paper aims to explore how the repair of problems in hearing is initiated by hearing-impaired individuals with acquired mild to severe hearing impairment. By using the method of conversation analysis (CA), this paper examines the occurrence of other-initiations of repair (OIR) and how it is typically resolved in actual mundane interaction. In addition, this paper reveals the challenges and the impact of hearing impairment as the state of hearing deteriorates. This article argues that the frequency of OIR in mild hearing impairment does not differ from normally hearing individuals. However, in a more severe grade of hearing impairment, the OIR sequences are longer, more frequent, multimodal and may require more vigilance from the normally-hearing conversation partner. Implications for counselling are suggested.

Objective To evaluate the effects of nonextraction and all first premolar extraction modalities of orthodontic treatment on oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL) among adolescents. Materials and Methods Sixty-eight adolescents of aged 12–18 years were chosen. Subjects who required nonextraction orthodontic treatment were included in group I, and those who required all first premolar extractions for orthodontic treatment were included in group II. Baseline OHRQoL data (T0) were recorded before the start of treatment. To evaluate the impact of orthodontic treatment on OHRQoL, the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire was presented to all subjects for retrospective evaluation at 1 month (T1), 3 months (T2), 6 months (T3) and 1 year (T4) after the start of orthodontic treatment and 1 week after completion of orthodontic treatment (T5). Results At T1 and T2, the physical pain and physical disability domains of OHIP-14 were impacted significantly by comprehensive orthodontic treatment in both groups (P < .001). The negative impact of orthodontic treatment on OHRQoL was maximum at T1 and then slowly recovered to the pretreatment level at T3 in both groups. Recovery of OHIP-14 scores was relatively faster in group I subjects compared to group II subjects. At T1 and T2, social disability and handicap domains were deteriorated significantly in group II subjects compared to group I subjects (P < .01). Conclusions The severity of OHRQoL deterioration was similar in both modalities of orthodontic treatment, but recovery from negative impacts was relatively slower in the first premolar extraction subjects.

Lifetime occupational exposure accounts for 42% of differences in disability risk across individuals. Incorporating this feature into a general equilibrium model, we study how social disability insurance (SDI) affects welfare through (i) the classic channel of risk-sharing and (ii) a new channel of occupational reallocation. Both channels can increase welfare, but at the optimal SDI they are at odds. Welfare gains from additional risk-sharing are reduced by overly incentivizing workers to choose risky occupations. In a calibrated economy resembling the United States, SDI increases welfare by 2.6% (consumption) relative to actuarially fair insurance. The current US system captures 92% of these gains.