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The purpose of this study was to examine whether subgroups of disability-sport athletes exist on morality- and norm-based doping cognitions and whether these groups differ in anticipated guilt or doping intentions. A survey was completed by 186 athletes (Mage = 37.5 years, 78.0% male, 45.1% wheelchair basketball) assessing norms, doping moral disengagement, anticipated guilt, and intentions to dope. Cluster analysis revealed four distinct subgroups of athletes, including one potentially high-risk subgroup characterized by relatively high scores on doping moral disengagement, subjective norms, and descriptive norms. One-way analysis of variance revealed significantly lower anticipated guilt in two athlete subgroups characterized by relatively higher doping moral disengagement than the other two subgroups. Moreover, the potentially high-risk group had a greater proportion of athletes showing some presence of intention to dope. This study suggests there is a small subgroup of disability-sport athletes at elevated risk of doping who might benefit from targeted antidoping interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Male sex workers (MSWs), specifically cisgender men who exchange sex for money, goods, drugs, or other items of value with other cisgender men, are at high risk for HIV infection. Compared to men not engaged in sex work, MSWs are more likely to engage in frequent condomless sex with paying and non-paying sexual partners. While MSWs are often included as a subgroup of gay and bisexual men, data show that a large proportion identify as heterosexual; additionally, most MSWs do not identify as sex workers. This places MSWs in a unique position where they may not engage with traditional HIV prevention programs, and when they do, they may not feel comfortable, leading to poor retention. Thus, HIV prevention interventions that address MSWs unique life circumstances and provide support in exploring their sexual health options are needed. METHODS: In this protocol paper, we describe the design and procedures for a National Institute of Health-funded, randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of PrEPare for Work,- a theory-based, manualized PrEP uptake and adherence intervention for MSW - using a 2-stage randomization design. Stage 1: MSWs are equally randomized to receive either the PrEPare for Work Stage 1 intervention (strength-based case management and facilitated PrEP linkage) or Standard of Care (SOC) to evaluate successful PrEP uptake (prescription filled) within two months post-randomization. Stage 2: Those who initiate PrEP are then equally re-randomized to receive either the PrEPare for Work Stage 2 intervention (1-on-1 skills training, problem-solving, and motivational interviewing adherence counseling and personalized, daily text message reminders) or SOC to assess adherence (Tenofovir concentrations in hair) over 12 months of follow up. Planned analyses will examine intervention efficacy, specific conceptual mediators, and hypothesized moderators. DISCUSSION: Based on our extensive preliminary research, multi-component, theory-informed interventions targeting this subpopulation of MSWs unique life circumstances are urgently needed. In this study, we are evaluating whether PrEPare for Work can improve PrEP uptake and adherence among MSWs. If this intervention is efficacious, it would be readily disseminated to diverse community organizations that serve MSWs and possibly other community or clinic-based settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT05736614, registered February 8, 2023.

IntroductionWith Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) representing an enormous public health challenge, there is a need to support individuals in learning about and addressing their modifiable risk factors (e.g., diet, sleep, and physical activity) to prevent or delay dementia onset. However, there is limited availability for evidence-informed tools that deliver both quality education and support for positive behavior change such as by increasing self-efficacy and personalizing goal setting. Tools that address the needs of Latino/a, at higher risk for ADRD, are even more scarce.MethodsWe established a multidisciplinary team to develop the Healthy Actions and Lifestyles to Avoid Dementia or Hispanos y el ALTo a la Demencia (HALT-AD) program, a bilingual online personalized platform to educate and motivate participants to modify their risk factors for dementia. Grounded in social cognitive theory and following a cultural adaptation framework with guidance from a community advisory board, we developed HALT-AD iteratively through several cycles of rapid prototype development, user-centered evaluation through pilot testing and community feedback, and refinement.ResultsUsing this iterative approach allowed for more than 100 improvements in the content, features, and design of HALT-AD to improve the program's usability and alignment with the interests and educational/behavior change support needs of its target audience. Illustrative examples of how pilot data and community feedback informed improvements are provided.DiscussionDeveloping HALT-AD iteratively required learning through trial and error and flexibility in workflows, contrary to traditional program development methods that rely on rigid, pre-set requirements. In addition to efficacy trials, studies are needed to identify mechanisms for effective behavior change, which might be culturally specific. Flexible and personalized educational offerings are likely to be important in modifying risk trajectories in ADRD.

Background: The impact of social isolation on social cognition is not entirely clear. Objective: The aim of the study is to investigate the association between social isolation and social cognition. Methods: In a population-based sample of 83 individuals aged 50+ years without dementia, we assessed the relationship between social isolation (measured by the Lubben Social Network Scale - LSNS-6) and performance on emotional recognition (measured by the Emotion Recognition Task (ERT)) and on Theory of Mind (ToM) abilities (measured by the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET)), two core aspects of social cognition. Results: No significant association was found between social isolation and ToM abilities for both the unadjusted and adjusted models. Similarly, no significant association was observed between social isolation and emotion recognition. Conclusions: Further research is needed to understand the complex correlation between social relationships and cognitive health, particularly in different cognitive domains, adopting a life course perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary The use of recommender systems in mobile health apps for weight control has grown, but user app uptake and engagement remain limited. The objective of our scoping review was to explore the influence of recommender systems on mHealth app user engagement, identify the theoretical frameworks that have been applied on digital health interventions designed for weight management, and examine the key aspects that support tailoring user engagement through recommender systems. Based on existing literature, we identified 13 articles on recommender systems for weight management. Themes emerged, including theoretical underpinnings, authors' domain knowledge, user motivation, and design. Most studies used constructs from the social cognitive theory. We found inconsistencies between authors' domain knowledge and the intervention's content, with few professionals from the health and psychology fields. Only 46% of articles measured user engagement, whereas gamification and tailored messages were common app features. Despite some positive weight change results, more attention is needed toward implementing behavior theory and other strategies to promote app user engagement. Future studies should more accurately measure user motivation and identify the best features and behavioral constructs to increase app user interaction. Larger studies with a more diverse population are needed to generalize findings and evaluate weight loss maintenance and physical activity habits among users of recommender system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the attitudes and self-efficacy of university art education teachers in Wuxi, China, toward Artificial Intelligence (AI). Using Social Cognitive Theory and Diffusion of Innovations Theory, 384 valid questionnaires were collected. The results show that teachers generally lack confidence in AI, with only the “ease of use” dimension receiving positive feedback among five dimensions: relative advantage, compatibility, ease of use, trialability, and observability. Differences in attitudes and self-efficacy were found, with single teachers, associate professors, and digital art instructors exhibiting more positive attitudes and higher confidence. A significant positive correlation was found between teachers' attitudes toward AI and their self-efficacy in applying it in classrooms. The study proposes strategies to foster more positive perspectives and self-efficacy regarding AI for art educators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ecotourism as a responsible travel to natural areas is proposed as a strategy for forest conservation by enhancing the livelihoods of local communities. However, engaging in environmentally friendly behaviors during forest visit is a crucial factor in achieving this conservation. This study aimed to examine the determinants of intention and actual environmental behavior among ecotourists during their visits to forests. Methods: Utilizing social cognitive theory as the theoretical framework, the data from 409 visitors of recreational forest were analyzed. After confirming the validity and reliability of the data, structural equation modeling was employed for analysis. Results: The results indicated that the model could explain 59% of the behavioral intention and 27% of the actual environmentally friendly behaviors of ecotourists during their forest visits. Additionally, social influence and the behaviors of other ecotourists were identified as two significant determinants of individuals' behavioral intention. Self-efficacy and behavioral intention also emerged as significant factors which shape the actual environmental behaviors of tourists, positively. Discussion: The findings suggest that social expectations, learning from fellow tourists, and enhancing individuals' abilities while addressing barriers to exhibiting environmentally friendly behaviors should be prioritized in promotional planning for ecotourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The popularity of mobile gaming among teenagers has raised concerns about privacy breaches. By integrating social cognitive theory and protection motivation theory, this study is the first to investigate how parental mediation, platform functions, and self-learning affect teen players' risk perception and prevention in the gaming environment. We surveyed 561 high school students who play mobile games regularly aged between 15 and 19 in China. This study found that parental mediation increases teen players' privacy risk perception and self-efficacy, while the ease of privacy functions provided by gaming platforms enhances young players' self-efficacy and protective behaviours in gaming interactions. Teen players' risky encounters in games were found to increase their privacy concerns. Additionally, our research indicated that optimistic bias negatively moderates the effect of privacy concerns on protective behaviours. The current study extended the social cognitive theory by assessing multiple roles in teen gamers' social learning of privacy risks, including the platform, parental guidance, personal observation and revealed that both objective risk perceptions and biased optimistic perceptions could impact behavioural outcomes. Our findings offer practical implications for designing more user-friendly privacy features and enhancing parental mediation to promote responsible gaming among teenagers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The evaluation of Theory of Mind (ToM) in the clinical setting remains limited due to the lack of valid instruments for a quick and reliable assessment. In this study, the psychometric properties of the Yoni-36 task were tested, and correction grids, equivalence scores, and normative data were computed. Methods: In total, 318 healthy subjects (169 females; mean age = 42.22 ± 18.11 years; mean education = 15.01 ± 3.43 years) were enrolled and administered the Yoni-36 task. Results: Statistical analysis showed good-to-high internal consistency, split-half reliability, and discrimination ability (especially for the second-order items) of the Yoni-36 task. Regression models highlighted the predictive role of age and education on second-order, affective, cognitive accuracy, and response time scores. Education influenced the first-order ToM response time score as well. Based on β values of the regressions, raw scores of the Yoni task were adjusted for sex, age, and education, and correction grids were computed. The equivalent scores indicated an accuracy index score < 0.69 and a response time index score < 0.83 as cut-off points for ToM competence. Normative data reported a mean accuracy and response time index score of 0.90 ± 0.11 and 0.91 ± 0.05 in the Italian population, respectively. Conclusions: The Yoni-36 proved to be a valid instrument for a quick and reliable ToM assessment, suitable to be included in neuropsychological batteries and to be used in routine clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the exciting world of metaverse gig work, exploring how gig work self-efficacy influences their adoption of gig work itself, along with two key factors: work flexibility and career adaptability. We also examine how these factors act as mediators, mediating the relationship between gig work self-efficacy and gig work adoption. Furthermore, this study explores the moderating impact of professional isolation, a feeling of disconnect from virtual colleagues, on this relationship. This study collected data from gig workers from Pakistan, both from freelance settings and established gig work firms. The data were collected from 316 participants by using a convenience sampling approach, our study findings supported our proposed relationships by indicating gig workers with high gig work self-efficacy are more likely to enjoy both the freedom of schedule (gig work flexibility) and the ability to explore different career paths (career adoptability). These benefits act as significant mediators, helping gig workers embrace gig work in the metaverse more readily. However, professional isolation threw a wrench in the works, and gig workers with high self-confidence may encounter challenges in capitalizing on the full potential of flexibility and adoptability within the gig economy. Results show that professional isolation in the online world surprisingly made it harder for gig workers to connect their belief in themselves, and self-efficacy, with important skills like flexibility and adoptability. This study provides insights into gig workers who have significant effects on organizations and the gig economy in the complex world of the metaverse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Family portrayals in entertainment media represent a significant concern for both media and family communication scholars. These fictional families can model both effective and ineffective family behaviors. Research within this realm often focuses on either the content or the effects of portrayals rather than providing a comprehensive picture. The family portrayal typology offers a tool to bridge this content-effects gap by providing explanatory and predictive power regarding family portrayals' persuasive potentials. Stemming from social cognitive and entertainment theories, this paper identifies six family portrayal types and proposes their varying levels of persuasion based on the latent constructs of a family's wishful identification arousal, eudaimonic quality, and general family outcomes. Suggestions for future research utilizing the typology are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This exploratory content analysis examines how well-known social media influencers (SMIs) refer to alcohol in their Instagram stories and feed messages. Guided by the attention, retention, and motivation processes of social cognitive theory, we explore the occurrence and frequency of alcohol depictions, product centrality (background vs. foreground), the type of use (implicit vs. explicit), and behavioral incentives (positive vs. negative outcomes). Stories and feed messages from 120 SMIs were coded over a four-week period. Four conclusions were drawn. (1) The majority of SMIs share alcohol in their feed messages, and even more do so in stories. (2) SMIs depict a larger number of alcohol references in stories than in feed posts. This, however, reflects a general trend whereby SMIs use ephemeral messages more often to share any type of content. (3) SMIs showcase alcohol use in an attention-grabbing way, independent of the message type under consideration. They emphasize the positive outcomes related to alcohol use and foreground the beverages in half of their alcohol depictions. (4) Some alcohol depictions from SMIs contain a clear brand name or logo, potentially indicating that these references are commercially driven. However, these depictions oftentimes do not explicitly reveal a partnership with the alcohol industry. Based on the findings, practical guidelines for media literacy interventions and future research are formulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The question of whether free will exists has been debated extensively for centuries. Instead of debating this complex issue, recent work in psychology has sought to understand the consequences of beliefs in free will. That is, how are people's behaviors influenced when they either believe or do not believe in free will? Amongst many outcomes, research has identified free will beliefs to influence achievement, perseverance, and aggressiveness. We believe that beliefs in free will could also exert influence on health behaviors. Health promotion from a psychological perspective has typically adopted social cognitive models to understand and predict health behaviors. We contend that free will beliefs could be included in these models to understand and change health behavior. We provide examples of how a popular social cognition theory, the theory of planned behavior, could be aligned with beliefs in free will. We suggest that the relationship between free will beliefs and theory constructs (attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, intention) could be positive in health enhancing behaviors and negative in health risk behaviors. Experimentally testing these relationships is needed in future research. This may provide further insights into the consequences of free will and contribute to the explanation of health behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and objectives: In recent years, research has reported that between 45% and 70% of patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) have cognitive deficits, the most prominent being those associated with the frontal lobe. Among these deficits, we can find Theory of Mind (ToM), which is the ability to infer feelings and thoughts of others. Although it has been suggested that ToM relies on more basic skills, such as perspective taking (PT), no studies have investigated this association in patients with MS. The aim of this study was to investigate PT abilities in patients with MS and to establish their relationship with ToM deficits. Material and methods: 36 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and 42 healthy controls matched by age, sex and educational level were evaluated. Both groups were tested to estimate premorbid and current intellectual capacity, PT, ToM (Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test -RMET- and Faux Pas) and complementary scales (fatigue, depression and disability). Results: Patients with RRMS presented significant differences from controls in both PT and ToM tests. The PT test showed positive correlation with RMET, one of our ToM tests. Conclusion: The results show that there is a relationship between ToM and PT abilities. Our findings are of clinical and academic relevance to both the assessment and interpretation as well as the rehabilitation of social deficits in MS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is substantial evidence that involuntary job loss can have major implications for workers' well-being. Yet research on coping with unemployment has most often focused on the job search process and progress toward re-employment, with less emphasis on the process of coping with the myriad psychological challenges of job loss. This study adapted the social cognitive model of career self-management as a framework for understanding well-being and psychological distress during unemployment. Participants were 602 unemployed workers who completed social cognitive measures representing two coping sub-domains, job searching and psychological coping. Within each sub-domain, measures included coping behaviors, self-efficacy, and support. Measures of proactive personality, financial strain, and two psychological functioning criteria (emotional well-being and distress) were also completed. The findings provided initial psychometric support for a novel measure of psychological coping self-efficacy and suggested the utility of the psychological coping variables as predictors of well-being and distress above and beyond job search coping in the context of unemployment. The study's implications for practice and future research on coping with unemployment are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines how and whether the constructs of openness to experience in the work placement learning setting (openness to learning in a new environment, openness to supervisor feedback, and openness to diversity) might influence students' readiness for school-to-work transition. Also, it builds upon the assumptions of the social cognitive career theory – model of self-career management to examine the mediating effect of self-efficacy in the proposed relationships. Analysis of 543 responses from undergraduate students undertaking work placement learning in 221 Nigerian firms using the structural equation modelling revealed positive effects of the constructs of openness to experience on students' readiness for school-to-work transition. Also, self-efficacy was a significant mediator in the positive relationships. Our findings make important theoretical and practical contributions by offering highlights into the crucial role of openness to experience in enhancing students' readiness for school-to-work transition via self-efficacy in the work placement learning setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Entrepreneurship can help tackle economic problems, such as unemployment. It is often promoted through education programs. There is a limited comprehensive and rigorous understanding of how entrepreneurship education programs and their ubiquitous distance delivery affect young people's entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intention, particularly in non-formal settings. The purpose of this study is to address this gap. Design/methodology/approach: Underpinned by the Social Cognitive Theory, this paper investigates the effects of one entrepreneurship education program in a study with 145 young people from five countries aged 18 to 25 years, 62 Intervention and 83 Control participants. The program's impact on the participants' entrepreneurial intention and self-efficacy (across six sub-dimensions) was assessed in a one-off two-week quasi-experiment. Ex-ante and ex-post self-reported data were collected about the participants. Findings: One-way analyses of covariance were performed to assess separately for changes in the Intervention participants' answers, relative to the Control group. The results of this study suggest the program significantly affected all measures. Originality/value: These findings contribute to the discussions on the education programs' effectiveness in promoting entrepreneurship. As a result, they may contribute to entrepreneurship education overcoming geographical and socio-economic hurdles (cost, time and entry barriers) to advance the development of industry, economy and community worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The effect of vicarious learning during clinical or medical internships on graduates' adaptive career behaviours has attracted scant attention from healthcare researchers, particularly, in the developing world context. Drawing upon the social cognitive career theory model of career self-management (SCCT-CSM), the current study examines how vicarious learning influences the clinical graduates' adaptive career behaviours (i.e. career exploration and decision-making) via career exploration and decision-making self-efficacy (CEDSE) and career intention. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected from 293 nursing graduates undertaking clinical internships in 25 hospitals across Nigeria who willingly participated in this study as they were also assured of confidentiality at two-waves. The proposed hypotheses were tested using a path analysis. Findings: The findings showed that vicarious learning during clinical internship had a direct effect on career exploration, decision-making and career decision self-efficacy among graduate trainees. Also, the findings revealed that the effects of vicarious learning on the graduates' career exploration and career decision-making were significantly mediated by career decision self-efficacy and career intentions. Practical implications: The findings of this study have important practical implications for higher education institutions and industries that send and receive clinical graduates for clinical internships to gain more skills. More emphasis should be on encouraging learners to learn vicariously in addition to other forms of learning experiences available during clinical internships. Originality/value: The study explains that the graduates' higher engagement in clinical career exploration and decision-making was based on a higher level of vicarious learning during internships. The results suggest that higher education institutions and healthcare service providers can derive greater benefits from more emphasis on promoting vicarious learning during clinical internships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although extant literature has investigated the impacts of social sites on employees' job performance in different sectors, scholars have given little attention to teachers' job performance (TJoP) in higher educational institutes. Purpose: We aimed to investigate the direct and mediating impact of social media use (SMU) on TJoP. Based on social cognitive theory, this study proposed a model that consists of six hypotheses. Methodology: : To empirically test the model, we develop a survey link to collect data from respondents working in universities in Jiangsu province, China. Partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS–SEM) using SmartPLS 4 has been used for analyzing 454 respondents. Results: Research findings demonstrate the significant effects of SMU on TJoP, well-being, and social media addiction (SMAdd). In addition, teachers' well-being and SMAdd have a positive and negative significant effect, respectively, on TJoP. Moreover, this research evidenced a significant partial mediation of teachers' well-being and SMAdd. Conclusion: This study points out the key role of SMU in the direct and indirect influences of TJoP through well-being and SMAdd. Further, it brings into view the urgency of higher education to prudently consider the implications of SMU on performance and general well-being among its faculty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on despotic leadership and its impacts on the behavior of front-line employees (FLE) in service organizations is nascent. Drawing on the social cognitive theory of morality, we develop and test a model in two service settings investigating the direct and indirect effects of despotic leadership on three FLE deviant work behaviors. In Study 1, using a multi-wave, multi-data source research design with data derived from banks, telecommunications, and training/education service organizations in Pakistan, we demonstrate the ecological validity of our constructs. In Study 2, using a multi-wave, multi-source longitudinal research design, we investigated these relationships in hotels located in Pakistan and confirmed the results found in Study 1 and also investigated the sustainability of deviant work outcomes. Cumulatively, we found support for the direct effects of despotic leadership on FLE deviant work behaviors. Moral disengagement acted as a partial mediator of these relationships and moral identity moderated the mediated relationship between despotic leadership and FLE deviant work behaviors via moral disengagement. Our findings provide a nuanced understanding of despotic leadership and FLE deviant work behaviors in service settings. We contribute to the front-line services literature stream by focusing on the supervisor and FLE interaction and highlighting research and practice implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sharing travel experience on social media has become an important element of many people's lifestyle, whether it be as a hobby, personal expression, economic rewards or other purposes. While previous studies have extensively investigated the significant role of social media in the sharing of travel experience and how it influences the travel decisions of others, very little research has examined on the travel-sharing behaviour of frequent travellers and how they select travel content and social media platforms on which share and how this sharing behaviour improves their personal ties. This study applied a qualitative research design focusing on 22 in-depth interviews with frequent travellers. The results revealed that frequent travellers have mindfully different sharing behaviour pre, during and post trips, and consider the needs and reactions of followers. Authenticity, uniqueness, relevancy, emotional connection, engagement, visual appeal and educational value of the experience are key factors in selecting what they share. Functionality, wide reach, visual appeal, engagement and the target audience were key in selecting effective social media platforms. Finally, sense of community, fostering empathy, communication with peers, memories together and documentation of their experiences were important in improving their personal ties. The results offer significant theoretical and practical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Consumer green behavior is a spotlight topic in both theoretical and practical business environments. This study aims to investigate the primary drivers of green intention behaviors among Generation Z customers by integrating the Social Cognitive Theory and the Theory of Planned Behavior. Additionally, perceived environmental responsibility serves as a moderating factor. Design/methodology/approach: The study polled 283 Generation Z people who have purchased green products in Vietnam. Using the PLS_SEM model, we employ mediation and moderation analysis to investigate and evaluate the hypotheses. Findings: Our findings reveal that both environmental concern and perceived marketplace influence have direct effects on attitudes toward green products as well as indirect effect on green purchase intention. Unlike previous studies, perceived environmental responsibility behaves as a moderated factor, driving the relationship between consumers' attitudes and green purchase intentions. Practical implications: The outcomes of this study provide helpful implications for managers in improving green products based on the green purchase behavior of young customers. Originality/value: By merging the Social Cognitive Theory and the Theory of Planned Behavior to analyze the antecedent variables of attitude and intention, this study contributes to the pro-environmental literature. It explains the underlying mediation processes of organisms and behavioral reactions, emphasizing the role of perceived environmental responsibility in regulating these frameworks. The results are critical in promoting green production and consumption in communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children develop their perceptions, expectations, and attitudes toward the occupational world much earlier than they enter it, also via television which serves as a central socialization agent in the preschool years. The current study thematically analyzes the values associated with the occupational world in children's series by integrating two theoretical perspectives: Schwartz's theory of values and Bandura's social cognitive theory. The study finds that children's series represent the occupational world extensively and uniformly as multicultural and community-oriented. Many aspects of the occupational world in these shows are portrayed inconsistently with the real-world workplace. All occupations are treated equally, and the workplace is portrayed positively, involving obedience and conformity and nearly no concern for personal professional advancement. Impact Summary: Prior state of knowledge: Most prior research on the representation of the occupational world has focused on adult-targeted programming and on gender representations. However, television is an important socialization agent about the occupational world and its associated values also for young children. Novel contributions: This content analysis applies two perspectives: social cognitive theory and Schwartz's theory of values. It finds that the occupational world on children's television is presented positively, with conformity and little concern for personal advancement, rather inconsistently with the real-life workforce. Practical implications: As children can learn about the occupational world from its televised representation in child-targeted shows, parents should be familiar with and mediate the content's meaning for their children and complement such portrayals with discussions and real-world encounters with the workforce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Informed retirement planning impacts the wellbeing of individuals and broader society. However, the current related literature contains a limited understanding of the challenges faced by Chinese university faculty members concerning retirement planning. This study developed a model that combines social cognitive theory (SCT) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to investigate the effect of attitude toward retirement planning, social group support, perceived financial knowledge, and future time perspective on retirement planning intention, as well as the mediating influence of retirement planning intention. Data collection was conducted from 514 faculty members of public universities in China through an online questionnaire survey. The findings indicated that perceived financial knowledge demonstrated the strongest positive influence on retirement planning intention, followed by future time perspective and social group support, with retirement planning intention as a mediator. This research offers implications for policymakers, retirement benefits consultants, and financial institution practitioners. It suggests that implementing financial education workshops and personalized planning services could promote retirement planning behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the factors influencing final-year undergraduate students' intentions to pursue advanced degrees through the lens of social cognitive theory (SCT). In addition, it investigates the moderating effect of sex on the causal pathways in the proposed model. Using a quantitative cross-sectional survey design, 578 final-year undergraduate students from various degree programs participated in an online survey. The results revealed that outcome expectations and social support are significant predictors of intention, while intention itself predicts the implementation of intentions to pursue an advanced degree. However, self-efficacy was not found to influence intention, and sex did not moderate the hypothesized paths in the model. These findings suggest that SCT provides a useful and robust framework for understanding the factors shaping undergraduate students' intentions to pursue advanced degrees, as evidenced by the high explanatory power of the structural model. The study also offers practical and theoretical implications, along with suggestions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building on social identity theory and cognitive models on information processing, the present paper considered whether and how stereotyped information in job ads impairs older/younger job seekers' job attraction. Two eye-tracking experiments with older (Study 1) and younger job seekers (Study 2) investigated effects of negatively metastereotyped personality requirements (i.e., traits) on job attraction and whether attention to and memory for negative information mediated these effects. Within-participants analyses showed for both older and younger job seekers that job attraction was lower when ads included negative metastereotypes and that more attention was allocated towards these negative metastereotypes. Older, but not younger job seekers, also better recalled these negative metastereotypes compared to not negative metastereotypes. The effect of metastereotypes on job attraction was not mediated by attention or recall of information. Organizations should therefore avoid negative metastereotypes in job ads that may capture older/younger job seekers' attention and lower job attraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Undergraduate research has been identified as a high-impact educational practice. However, despite the body of evidence on the outcomes of undergraduate research, few studies have focused on the influences students face regarding participation. Developed using Science Capital and Social Cognitive Career Theory, a survey comprised of potential influences to undergraduate science research participation was disseminated to science majors at four R1 institutions in the Southeastern United States. Participation rates across several demographic factors and effect of participation influences were analysed. Results reveal a significantly greater proportion of the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Plus (LGBTQ+) and disability communities indicating participating in research than their peers. Additionally, fourteen participation influences were identified as having a significant difference in their level of influence to the ability to participate in research between researchers and non-researchers. These include professor influence, interest in research, interest in science, coursework in the major, and major all being rated as opportunities with a significant difference of effect between researchers and those who have not yet participated in research. The results of this study will be beneficial for science departments and their respective institutions to improve the equity of access to their undergraduate research experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Innovative approaches to graduate education that foster interdisciplinary learning are necessary, given the expansion of interdisciplinary research (IDR) and its ability to explore intricate issues and cutting-edge technology. Purpose: This study examines an intervention to develop critical reading skills of the primary literature (CRPL), which are often assumed and unaided by formal instruction in graduate education (GE) yet are crucial for academic success and adapting to new research fields. Methods: This study applied mixed methods and a pre-post design to assess the effectiveness of a CRPL intervention among 24 doctoral students from diverse fields engaging in the interdisciplinary field of science policy research. The intervention was a 4-week online course with explicit instruction in a categorical reading approach, the CERIC method (claim, evidence, reasoning, implications, and context), combined with social collaborative annotation (SCA) to facilitate low-stakes, peer-based discourse practice. It examined how participation changed participants’ CRPL skills and self-perceptions. Results: The intervention significantly improved CRPL, t(23) = 13.6, p < 0.0001; research self-efficacy, t(23) = 4.9, p < 0.0001; and reading apprehension, t(23) = 4.3, p < 0.0001. Qualitative findings corroborated these findings and highlighted the importance of explicit CRPL instruction and the value of reading methods applicable to IDR. These results aligned with sociocultural and social cognitive theories and underscored the role of discourse and social engagement in learning critical reading, which is traditionally viewed as a solitary activity. Conclusion: The findings present a valid and innovative model for developing CRPL skills in interdisciplinary GE. This approach provides a model for scaffolding CRPL that can be adapted to IDR contexts more broadly. Implications: The study findings call for revising graduate curricula to incorporate explicit CRPL instruction with peer-based discourse, emphasizing integrations in higher education anywhere students encounter primary literature. The findings advocate for formal and informal adoption of the reviewed methods, offering a significant contribution to interdisciplinary GE pedagogy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common cardiovascular disease and the main cause of mortality in developing countries. Since physical activity and nutritional behaviors are modifiable risk factors in people at risk of CAD, the present study aims to explore the effect of an intervention based on the social cognitive theory (SCT) on physical activity and nutritional behaviors in middle-aged population at risk of CAD in the city of Bandar Abbas. The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 519 middle-aged subjects who visited the healthcare centers in Bandar Abbas, southern Iran, in 2023. The sampling was simple randomization. The data were collected using the general physical activity questionnaire, nutritional behavior questionnaire and a questionnaire based on the social cognitive theory (SCT). Descriptive statistics were used to describe the demographic features of the sample. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to test the relationship between the variables of study. Multiple linear regression was used to test the effect of the SCT constructs on physical activity and nutrition behaviors. All statistical analyses and hypothesis testing were done in SPSS 21, at a significance level of 0.05. A total number of 519 subjects participated in this study, whose average age was 44.23 ± 7.14 years. The results of Pearson correlation test showed a statistically significant positive correlation between nutritional behaviors and the constructs of self-efficacy, collective efficacy, outcome expectations, observational learning, normative beliefs, barriers and opportunities, reinforcement and punishment, and behavioral intention. There was also a significant positive correlation between physical activity and self-efficacy, normative beliefs, social support and behavioral intention. Social support, self-efficacy, normative beliefs, observational learning, behavioral skills and knowledge were found to be the predictors of physical activity. Reinforcement and punishment, normative beliefs, collective efficacy, social support and barriers and opportunities were the predictors of nutritional behaviors in the middle-aged population. As the results of the study showed, it is suggested to increase physical activity in the middle-aged population at risk of CAD using appropriate strategies to strengthen social support through family and friends, improve self-efficacy, identify positive and negative normative beliefs. Plans should be made to improve observational learning, increase behavioral skills, and increase knowledge to improve nutritional behaviors, use appropriate strategies to provide timely and appropriate rewards and punishments, identify and strengthen positive normative beliefs, improve collective efficacy, and increase social support. To this aim, families and other individuals around the middle-aged population can help remove barriers and create opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discipline-based education research—a field of research that investigates teaching and learning within STEM disciplines—has emerged over the last few decades to improve the quality of STEM education worldwide. Simple qualitative questions concerning the career backgrounds and motivations of the individuals who conduct this research have yet to be explored. Here, we surveyed and interviewed discipline-based education researchers about their career trajectories and motivations to pursue this field of research. We focused specifically on recruiting biology education research faculty members at colleges and universities. We used the Social Influence Model and Social Cognitive Career Theory to develop and analyze survey and semi-structured interview questions. Findings revealed participant career paths all began with disciplinary undergraduate and graduate-level biology education. We noticed participants began conducting biology education research due to their values and personal interests, while additionally being swayed by contextual factors. Specifically, participants valued biology education research because it allowed them to make a difference in the world and provided them with a community open to change and collaboration. Biology education research allowed them to explore their interests in teaching and evidence-based approaches to education. These values and interests were impacted by contextual factors, including discoveries of opportunities, positive (or negative) experiences with mentorship, exposure to evidence-based teaching literature, considerations of salary and job security, and experiences with gender-based discrimination. Our results underscore the importance of harnessing individual values and interests—especially those centered on evidence-based teaching practices and making a difference in the world—while fostering a positive and supportive academic environment. This research reveals pathways toward discipline-based education research careers. Additionally, this research can inform the development of graduate programs and funding opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has predominantly examined either voice quantity or quality. We know little about the potential tradeoff between voice quantity and quality and the role of leaders in this tradeoff. This study focused on the dual aspects of voice, examining how and when the same leader attribute facilitates (inhibits) one aspect of voice, but does not facilitate (inhibit) or even hamper (facilitate) the other aspect. Specifically, we proposed that leader critical thinking stimulates the formation of employees' implicit voice theory of the need for solid data or solutions (IVT‐SDS) before one speaks up. This belief boosts the quality of employee voice especially when voice efficacy is high, but increases the frequency of employee silence especially when voice efficacy is low. In Study 1a, we experimentally tested the relationship between leader critical thinking and employees' IVT‐SDS. In Study 1b, we experimentally examined the interactive effect of employees' IVT‐SDS and their voice efficacy on both their voice quality and silence frequency. In Study 2, a multilevel, multi‐wave and multi‐source field study, we tested the entire research model. The results supported our hypotheses. We extend the research on leadership and voice by revealing a potential tradeoff between voice quality and quantity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As university students face increasing pressures in a highly competitive society, unhealthy lifestyles have become a common phenomenon. Health awareness is considered a critical factor in promoting healthy behaviors, yet its mechanism of action on university students' healthy lifestyles, influenced by self-esteem and social support, remains unclear. This study aims to explore the relationship between health awareness (HA) and healthy lifestyles (HL) and to examine the mediating roles of self-esteem (SE) and social support (SS) in this relationship. Based on social cognitive theory, this study initially constructs a theoretical model of the impact of health awareness on healthy lifestyles among university students, introducing self-esteem and social support as mediating variables to further build a chain mediation model. A total of 1,169 participants (554 males and 615 females) completed an online survey. Participants completed the Health Awareness Scale (HAS), the Diet and Healthy Lifestyle Scale (DEVS), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and the Oslo Social Support Scale (OSSS-3). The results show that high levels of health awareness positively influence self-esteem, which in turn positively influences social support, ultimately having a positive impact on healthy lifestyles. Specifically, self-esteem and social support play significant mediating roles in the relationship between health awareness and healthy lifestyles. The findings reveal the pathway by which health awareness influences healthy lifestyles through self-esteem and social support, enriching the theoretical explanation of health behaviors within the framework of social cognitive theory, particularly in the context of university students. Furthermore, the results provide practical guidance, suggesting that in designing interventions to promote healthy lifestyles, emphasis should be placed on enhancing university students' health awareness, self-esteem, and social support systems. This could include mental health education, establishing supportive communities, and fostering activities that promote self-esteem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Aims Background Methods Results Conclusion Relevance to Clinical Practice Patient or Public Contribution To explore the incidence and factors influencing medication administration errors (MAEs) among nurses.Medication administration is a global concern for patient safety. Few studies have assessed the incidence of MAEs or explored factors that considered the interplay between behaviour, the individual and the environment.This retrospective study included 342 MAEs reported in the electronic nursing adverse event reporting system between January 2019 and September 2023 at a university‐affiliated teaching hospital in China. Data on nurses' demographics and medication administration were extracted from the nursing adverse event reports. The reports were classified according to the severity of patient harm. The causes of the 342 MAEs were retrospectively analysed using content analysis based on Bandura's social cognitive theory. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the proportion of medication errors and the distribution of subcategories.In total, 74.3% of MAEs were adverse events owing to mistakes and resulted in no harm or only minor consequences for patients. Nurses aged 26–35 years and those with 6–10 years of experience were the most common groups experiencing MAEs. Factors influencing MAEs included personal (‘knowledge and skills’ and ‘physical state’), environmental (‘equipment and infrastructure,’ ‘work settings’ and ‘workload and workflow’) and behavioural (‘task performance’ and ‘supervision and communication’) factors. The study further highlighted the interrelationships among personal, behavioural and environmental factors.Multiple factors influence MAEs among nurses. Nurse‐related MAEs and the relationship between behaviours, individual factors and the environment, as well as ways to reduce the occurrence of MAEs, should be considered in depth.Understanding the factors influencing MAEs can inform training programs and improve the clinical judgement of healthcare professionals involved in medication administration, ultimately improving patient prognoses and reducing MAEs.The findings can help develop clinical guidelines for preventing MAEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media plays a pivotal role in enhancing innovation by fostering interaction, communication, and knowledge exchange among organizational employees. Grounded in social cognitive theory, this study asserts that social media capabilities, characterized as exploration and exploitation, positively affect employee knowledge reuse and green innovation behavior. Additionally, it investigates digital fluency as a moderator in the relationship between social media capabilities and knowledge reuse. Time-lagged data collected from employees and supervisors in China support the hypothesized model. The results indicate that both social media exploration and exploitation capabilities, when harnessed at varying levels, significantly influence knowledge reuse, thereby enhancing employee green innovation behavior. Furthermore, digital fluency was found to moderate the relationship between these social media capabilities and knowledge reuse. These findings offer practical implications and insights for both theory and application, which are elaborated upon in the subsequent sections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We review Bandura's contributions to cognitive‐behavioural theory, research and practice. His basic research on the causal role of cognitive processes in social learning was a major factor in the emergence of cognitive‐behavioural therapies in the 1970s. His investigations on observational learning and self‐efficacy beliefs led to the development of guided mastery therapy, a specific cognitive‐behavioural intervention for anxiety disorders. His research on self‐regulatory processes provided an empirical basis for the emergence of numerous therapies targeting self‐regulation. We conclude by discussing how Bandura's social cognitive theory, as well as more recent advances in social cognitive theorising, might be further applied to innovative approaches to therapeutic interventions, assessment and clinical case conceptualization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is crucial for preventing vertical transmission of HIV and maternal deaths. While the literature is replete with studies on ART adherence, the role of social capital in adherence to ART is less studied. Drawing from the social cognitive theory, this study examines the relationship between social capital and post-partum adherence to ART. Methods: We analysed data from 481 post-partum women with HIV in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Adherence to ART was measured using a validated scale, capturing self-reported medication-taking behaviours. Social capital was assessed using a pre-validated tool, encompassing indicators of social engagement, support networks and community connectedness. We used logistic regression models to examine social capital and ART adherence associations, while controlling for relevant covariates. Results: Participants mean age was 32.9 (SD ± 5.76) years. After adjusting for age, education level, alcohol use, status disclosure to partner, marital status, desire for more children, employment status and living arrangements, social capital was significantly associated with higher odds of ART adherence (p = 0.004, AOR 1.09; 95% CI 1.03–1.16). Conclusion: We found evidence in support of the role of social capital in ART adherence. Strengthening social support networks and addressing psychosocial factors could improve adherence to ART. As such, policymakers and programme managers should consider the role of social capital in designing interventions to improve ART adherence. Future research should explore the mechanisms through which social capital impacts ART adherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to identify the themes of entrepreneurial intention and develop an integrated conceptual framework for the antecedents and outcomes of entrepreneurial intention. Design/methodology/approach: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses approach (PRISMA). In total, 185 articles from six databases between 2010 and 2023 are included. A bibliometric analysis is performed using VOSviewer. Findings: Unearthed are five pivotal themes, namely, personality traits, educational, contextual and cognitive factors, that profoundly influence entrepreneurial intention to deepen the understanding of nascent entrepreneurial behavior and illuminate new avenues for research in this domain. Research limitations/implications: This study relied on six databases and 185 papers from scholarly journals written in English. Articles published before 2010 and after 2023 are not considered. It proposes an integrated conceptual framework incorporating personality traits and educational, contextual and cognitive factors for intention formation. The incremental aspect of augmenting Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) theory is also explained. Practical implications: Arms practitioners with the crucial insights needed to embark on nascent entrepreneurs' entrepreneurial journey early in crafting effective policies, empowering them to spearhead economic growth and innovation at both the firm and national levels. Originality/value: This study shows the nexus among personality traits, educational, contextual and cognitive factors, entrepreneurial intention and nascent entrepreneurial behavior with a solid theoretical foundation under one integrated conceptual framework while augmenting SCCT, offering a fresh and innovative perspective on nascent entrepreneurial behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to comprehensively examine the effects of different types of Internet use and happiness while considering the mediating role of environmental quality perception and the moderating role of a sense of environmental security. Drawing on the uses and gratifications theory, negativity bias, and social cognitive theory, the study investigates the mediating role of environmental quality perception and the moderating role of environmental security in the above relationship. Using data from 3162 respondents in the 2021 Chinese Social Survey (CSS) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the study finds that Internet use for information and educational purposes significantly enhances happiness, with environmental quality perception acting as a mediator. Moreover, a moderating effect of environmental security was observed in the relationship between Internet use for educational purposes and national environmental quality perception. Specifically, the interaction between study-related Internet use and the sense of environmental security significantly and positively predicted national environmental quality perception. These findings highlight the complex interaction between Internet use, environmental factors, and happiness, offering insights into policy interventions aimed at improving Internet access and environmental awareness to enhance public mental health outcomes in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cerebellum has been shown to be engaged in tasks other than motor control, including cognitive and affective functions. Prior neuroimaging studies have documented the role of this area in social cognition and despite these findings, no studies have yet examined the causal relationship between the cerebellum and social cognition. This study aimed to investigate the role of the cerebellum in empathy and theory of mind (ToM) in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel study. 32 healthy participants were assigned to either a sham or active group. For the active group, an intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) protocol at 100% of the motor threshold was applied to the cerebellum, while the control group received sham stimulation. An eyes-closed EEG session, the Empathy Quotient (EQ) test, and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) were administered before and after the iTBS session. The results demonstrated differences in cognitive empathy, ToM, and a decrease in the activity of the default mode network (DMN) between the active and sham groups in females. Females also showed a decrease in the activity of the affective empathy network and connectivity in the DMN. We conclude that cognitive empathy and ToM are associated with cerebellar activity, and due to sex-related differences in the cortical organization of this area which is modulated by sex hormones, the stimulation of the cerebellum in males and females yields different results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do humans build and navigate their complex social world? Standard theoretical frameworks often attribute this success to a foundational capacity to analyze other people's appearance and behavior to make inferences about their unobservable mental states. Here we argue that this picture is incomplete. Human behavior leaves traces in our physical environment that reveal our presence, our goals, and even our beliefs and knowledge. A new body of research shows that, from early in life, humans easily detect these traces—sometimes spontaneously—and readily extract social information from the physical world. From the features and placement of inanimate objects, people make inferences about past events and how people have shaped the physical world. This capacity develops early and helps explain how people have such a rich understanding of others: by drawing not only on how others act but also on the environments they have shaped. Overall, social cognition is crucial not only to our reasoning about people and actions but also to our everyday reasoning about the inanimate world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This research examines the mediating effect of self-efficacy among interrelationships of emotional intelligence, achievement motivation and students' employability in the Chinese higher education institutions. This study was primarily conducted by applying the social cognitive theory to explain the beliefs and abilities of being employed for university students and influenced by their achievement motivation. Design/methodology/approach: A survey approach was employed to collect the samples of 585 final-year college students using the convenience sampling method from 5 different Chinese higher education institutions. The structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was used as the data analysis method. Findings: The result significantly supported the positive effect of emotional intelligence (ß = 0.298, p < 0.001) and achievement motivation (ß = 0.307, p < 0.001) on students' employability. Furthermore, the results also showed that self-efficacy significantly had a mediating effect between achievement motivation and employability (ß = 0.119, CI95%: 0.062, 0.195) among college students. However, the study confirmed that self-efficacy was not associated with the relationship between emotional intelligence and employability (ß = 0.029, CI95%: −0.003, 0.075). Originality/value: This research clarifies and highlights that psychological variables have highly correlated with the employability outcomes of university students. The findings also hold significant value and practical implications for the governments, colleges, and students that enhancing employability should be through targeted interventions. This study sets the stage for future research exploring potential mediators of motivation and other essential factors that may influence among the existing relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Objectives Methods Results Discussion Conclusion During the coronavirus pandemic, misinformation was circulated through technology and social media on a large scale. Since people rely on media to keep connected and informed, misinformation can prevent them from staying safe.To examine the quality of information reaching Pakistanis, the effect of information/misinformation on people's perception, and its relationship with risky health behaviours in different demographical groups.A community sample of N= 103 Pakistanis was assessed using a mixed‐method cross‐sectional survey research design to investigate their sources of knowledge/information, perceptions of coronavirus‐related facts, and risky health behaviours.Content analysis of the material that participants read/watched indicated the possible effect of media on people's perception of COVID‐19. Specific demography (e.g., increasing age) and people's tendency to believe misinformation/information may indicate risky health behaviours pertaining to coronavirus infection.Findings showed how the models considered (social cognitive theory, biological warfare conspiracy theory, theory of planned behaviour, protection motivation theory, the health belief model, and biopsychosocial model) may be relevant to examination of the effects of misinformation on different demographic groups.The findings and models need to be verified on larger, more representative samples of Pakistanis using a large‐scale survey based on the insights obtained from this pilot study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theory of Mind (ToM) is a social-cognitive ability to understand the mental states of others. ToM functions are compromised in the case of mental disorders characterized by cognitive impairments. The Faux Pas Recognition test (FPRT) is considered a good measure of verbal aspects of ToM as it measures social adaptation through the adequate interpretation of potentially sensitive and awkward social situations. However, data on FPRT psychometric properties is somewhat limited. The aim of the present study is the psychometric evaluation of the FPRT in Serbian population. The adapted version in Serbian has been administered to 268 healthy participants, 30 patients with schizophrenia and 31 with bipolar affective disorder. The results show a high internal consistencies of Faux Pas stories (α = .954), Control stories (α = .929) and overall test (α = .936). Both Horn’s parallel analysis and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a single-factor solution is optimal, supporting the premise of a general ToM ability underlying performance across test. The Faux Pas test showed good discriminative power in differentiation between individuals from healthy and clinical populations making it a useful clinical instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]