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Background: Today, the digital transformation of business is one of the conditions for survival on the market. The development of digital technology is progressing rapidly, and only the business entities that keep pace with this development can expect good business results. Social entrepreneurship is an excellent way to solve the problems of social inequality and poverty and thus leads to economic growth and development. Purpose: The main goal of this research is to create a theoretical model of digital transformation of social entrepreneurship. This model can be a useful tool for deciding on the digital transformation of business. We investigated motivation of managers and employees as an influencing factor for the digital transformation of business. We declared other influencing factors as constants. Study design: We measured motivation by personal and professional use of the Internet, the acquisition of digital skills, the cost of labour of those who are involved in the digitisation process, and the application of data protection software. Ninety-seven social entrepreneurship entities from Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) participated in the research. The research was carried out using questionnaires, and we analysed the obtained data using correlation and regression methods. Findings: The results showed that motivation is a significant factor in the digital transformation of social entrepreneurship. Based on the results of the research, we have created a model of digital transformation of social entrepreneurship entities that can lead to economic and social development through steps applicable in practice. Limitations/future research: The most significant limitation of the research is the lack of an official register of social entrepreneurship entities from which we can collect data about the number of these entities. To future researchers, we leave open questions of other influencing factors for the development of social entrepreneurship, such as knowledge, sources of funding for initial business activities, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review is an analytical presentation of the content of scientific articles and monographs published in the last few years and devoted to the problems of socio-economic development of the territories of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF). Since the legal recognition of the AZRF, many empirical studies have been devoted to the issues of its socio-economic development. However, the literature review in them is limited to the selected narrow subject of research. This circumstance creates an urgent need for a comprehensive analysis of currently relevant directions in the study of socio-economic processes in the AZRF. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the diversity of vectors of scientific search in contemporary Russian studies of social and economic processes in the Arctic. The limitation of the study is the significant growth of publications on the topics of interest to us, caused by the variety of specific issues covered in the latest Arctic research. Therefore, we have selected only a few representative works that reflect the multi-vector nature of Arctic research in contemporary Russia. As a result of analyzing the works, we have found that Arctic research is characterized by both thematic and geographical diversity. The authors conditionally divide contemporary Arctic studies in Russia into three directions: interregional comparative studies within the boundaries of the entire AZRF, regional case studies, and local studies (at the level of municipalities). It is important to note that within the framework of the last two directions of research the key contribution to the multiplication of empirical material and its conceptual understanding is primarily made by scientists from regional scientific and university centers. Another peculiarity of Russian Arctic research is the shift of interest towards the study of the urban environment, industrial centers, and urbanism, while economists and sociologists pay insufficient attention to the study of the rural periphery. The observed deficit of local studies of social and economic processes in the rural Arctic in the future may lead to the rapid development of this direction in contemporary Russian science.

The authors have set the task to assess the socio-economic development level of the Kirov Region. The Volga Federal District has been chosen as the base of comparison. The key problems of the Russian constituent entities territorial development have been analyzed, and the authors’ methods of characterizing the regional social and economic development level published in early scientific works studied. The order of calculating normative values for selected indicators used to assess the Volga Federal District regions has been given. The diagnostic procedure has been carried out to characterize the Kirov Region social and economic development level in comparison with other district entities in the context of the economic development pace and the regional development overall level. Based on the analysis, the initial hypothesis of the study has been confirmed, and conclusions drawn about the general lag of the region from the federal district, while higher rates of its development in comparison with other regions of the Volga Federal District noted. The study results application scope consists in its further use within the framework of scientific works on asses–sing economic development of other district entities, as well as the used methodology application for other entities. The conclusion formulates further direction for improving the diagnostics of the Kirov Region social and economic development level and names specific steps to detail and clarify the future study results.

Copyright of Revista de Direitos Fundamentais & Democracia is the property of Revista de Direitos Fundamentais & Democracia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To explore the coordination relationship and spatial pattern of health resource allocation and socio- economic development in Sichuan Province, to provide references for promoting the high-quality development of health and social economy. Methods Entropy method, comprehensive evaluation index, and coupling coordination degree model were used to evaluate the level and coupling coordination degree of health resources and socio-economic development. Hot spot analysis was used to explore the characteristics of spatial agglomeration. Results From 2017 to 2021, the development level of health resource allocation in different economic regions of Sichuan Province was in the following order: northwest Sichuan Ecological Demonstration Zone (0.59), Panxi Economic Zone (0.35), Chengdu Plain Economic Zone/Southern Sichuan Economic Zone (0.30), and Northeast Sichuan Economic Zone (0.23). The order of social and economic development level was as the follows: Chengdu Plain Economic Zone (0.25), Panxi Economic Zone (0.16), South Sichuan Economic Zone (0.15), Northeast Sichuan Economic Zone (0.10), and Northwest Sichuan Ecological demonstration Zone (0.08). In the past five years, most of the coupling coordination degree of different economic regions showed an increasing trend. Only the average coupling coordination degree of northeast Sichuan economic zone was less than 0.4, which was in a maladjusted recession, while the average coupling coordination degree of the remaining four economic zones was between 0.4 and 0.5, which was in transition. harmony and generally subject to the lag of social and economic development. The level of coupling coordination showed a spatial pattern of "high in the west and low in the east", and the agglomeration characteristics were mainly "high-high" agglomeration area in western Sichuan and "low-low" agglomeration area in northeastern Sichuan. Conclusion There are obvious regional differences in the allocation of health resources and the level of socio-economic development in Sichuan Province. The trend of coupling and coordination between the two systems is gradually improving, but the degree of coordination is not high. In addition, the coupling coordination level has significant spatial characteristics, and the local area shows agglomeration effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inheritance law in Europe has undergone considerable development and its roots can be found, as in most areas of private law, in the Roman law. The aim of the paper is to provide a brief comparison of the view of inheritance law and its content within the framework of the Roman law, the Medieval law and the contemporary Slovak law and Czech law, with an overlap into the intended recodification. We will be particularly interested in the view on the purpose of inheritance law in these different historical epochs and the possibilities of the disposition mortis causa in them. We will also point out how the approach to inheritance law affects the society in which it is constituted. We will also pay attention to those historical institutes of inheritance law that could be applicable within the framework of the planned recodification of the Slovak private law.

Social and economic development of Russian regions is an important component of economic policy of the Russian state. In view of this approach systematic elaboration of innovation mechanisms aiming at the development of highly-technological companies, especially in preferential zones of industrial and manufacturing type plays a profound role in national economy. The goal of the present research is to identify innovation approaches to upgrade strategies of attracting highly-technological companies to preferential zones of the Tula region and on the basis of obtained results to raise competitiveness of the region on home and international market. The key objective of the research is to improve theoretical and methodological support of the process of finding and registering factors and conditions for highly-technological companies’ location in the region on the basis of innovative organizational and economic mechanisms. In the research methods of systematic analysis, elements of process, effective and resource approaches were used, as well as advanced methods of collecting and processing initial information. In the Tula region since 2016 the government of the Russian Federation has initiated setting-up of three preferential zones: OEZ PPT ‘Uzlovaya’, TOR ‘Efremov’ and TOR ‘Alexin’ and the industrial park ‘Uzlovaya’. Thanks to tools of state support on the federal and regional level in the Tula region a unique and economically promising site for attracting highly-technological companies was created by having built highly-qualified new industries, which can provide a serious impulse for social and economic development and higher quality of life in the region.

Considering the mass reservoirs construction, it is important to study the cascade reservoir construction sequence, which directly affects the water and sediment resource allocation, ecological environment restoration, and socioeconomic development of the basin. Thus, we constructed an evaluation index system by comprehensively considering the basin water and sediment discharge index, basin ecological and environmental maintenance index, and basin social and economic development index. The evaluation model was established to assess the impact of the cascade reservoir construction sequence on basin multifunctional synergy development index. The model was applied to evaluate the cascade reservoir construction sequence in the Yangtze and Yellow River Basin of China. The results revealed that: (1) The basin water and sediment discharge index, basin social and economic development index, and basin multifunctional synergy development index benefits gradually increased, the basin ecological and environmental maintenance index benefits progressively decreased in the Yangtze and Yellow River Basin. (2) The basin water and sediment discharge index, and basin ecological and environmental maintenance index of the planned cascade reservoir construction sequence ranked top in the Yellow River Basin; the basin water and sediment discharge index, and basin social and economic development index of the planned cascade reservoir construction sequence ranked top in the Yangtze River Basin. (3) The cascade reservoir construction sequence focused more on basin social and economic development index benefits when the level of national economic development was low, and more on basin water and sediment discharge index benefits when it was high. (4) Reservoir capacity and installed capacity were the main factors influencing the cascade reservoir construction sequence in the Yangtze and Yellow River Basin, respectively. These findings provide useful information regarding the cascade reservoir construction sequence.

Worldwide, it is widely recognized that violent conflicts constrain economic growth and development. Thus, it is necessary to research and analyse the main causes of violence and their relationship with development. This paper analyses how violence has affected economic development in the Mexican context during the 2000–2015 period. It takes into account that in the last decade, this country has had increased levels of violence, especially since the 'war on drugs' against drug trafficking was promulgated in 2006. This study uses different econometric models that apply the assessments of the panel unit root and cointegration tests and panel cointegration estimation. The results indicate that the tests used to validate the data allow the panel data cointegration relationships to be calculated. They demonstrate the existence of a long-run relationship between violence and economic development. Specifically, the results take into account that gross domestic product per capita and public investments have inverse relationships with the homicide rate, whereas poverty, unemployment, illiteracy and the Gini index have direct relationships with the homicide rate. Moreover, violence is strongly related to the deterrence variables. The findings of this study demonstrate that drug trafficking explains the increased violence in Mexico. Thus, it is important to develop and formulate adequate policies to control this situation, take measures to control violence starting with its root causes and promote social and economic development with a strategy to strengthen legal activities in society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is no doubt that at present the traditional roles of government and public administration must adapt to the emerging and future needs of the society. In this context, it should be noted that innovative technologies can bring new possibilities to the public sector, improve the interaction between government and citizens by simplifying procedures, and promote government openness. Redesigning political institutions and rethinking government can make political institutions more interactive and effective. All considered, the aim of the article is to study distinctive features of the introduction and implementation of innovation in the system of state and municipal government in Russia to ensure the socio-economic development of the country. The research methods include general theoretical and special methods of knowledge, namely analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, systematization, prediction, extrapolation. In the process of the research special attention is paid to the influence of innovations on the social and economic development of the country at the state level, which is determined by the example of three main levels of their implementation, covering almost all spheres of social life. At the local level, the advantages of using innovations in the activities of public authorities have been analyzed in the context of citizens, business structures and non-profit organizations, as well as the local authorities themselves. According to the results of the research, proposals have been formulated concerning the development of scientific and methodological support of innovative activities of public authorities inRussia and intensifying the use of progressive financial instruments that contribute to the emergence of managerial innovations.

ABSTRACTWorldwide, it is widely recognized that violent conflicts constrain economic growth and development. Thus, it is necessary to research and analyse the main causes of violence and their relationship with development. This paper analyses how violence has affected economic development in the Mexican context during the 2000–2015 period. It takes into account that in the last decade, this country has had increased levels of violence, especially since the ‘war on drugs’ against drug trafficking was promulgated in 2006. This study uses different econometric models that apply the assessments of the panel unit root and cointegration tests and panel cointegration estimation. The results indicate that the tests used to validate the data allow the panel data cointegration relationships to be calculated. They demonstrate the existence of a long-run relationship between violence and economic development. Specifically, the results take into account that gross domestic product per capita and public investments have inverse relationships with the homicide rate, whereas poverty, unemployment, illiteracy and the Gini index have direct relationships with the homicide rate. Moreover, violence is strongly related to the deterrence variables. The findings of this study demonstrate that drug trafficking explains the increased violence in Mexico. Thus, it is important to develop and formulate adequate policies to control this situation, take measures to control violence starting with its root causes and promote social and economic development with a strategy to strengthen legal activities in society.

AbstractThis study aims to investigate welfare inequality between households in rural and urban Ethiopia using secondary data obtained from the Living Standards Measurement Surveys (LSMS) available on the World Bank website. The data was analyzed using the Atkinson Index to identify welfare inequality among households and quantile regression to identify determinants of welfare inequality in rural and urban Ethiopia. The results show that the Atkinson index for the rural group is 0.123006, while it is 0.110899 for the urban group, indicating a higher level of welfare inequality in rural areas. Furthermore, the quantile regression analysis reveals that among the factors measured, the number of assets, access to health services, and saving are important determinants of welfare inequality in rural households. On the other hand, the number of livestock and household size are found to be significant factors contributing to welfare inequality in urban areas. This study provides valuable insights into the specific drivers of welfare inequality in both rural and urban settings and can inform policymakers on how to address these inequalities to promote social and economic development in Ethiopia.

The irrational use of arable land has caused increased nutrient loss and aggravated non‐point source (NPS) pollution. This natural process has a significant socioeconomic origin. However, because of the inconsistency between the simulation scale of NPS pollution mechanism models and the statistical calibre of socioeconomic factors, the quantitative expression of the relationship between socioeconomic development, arable land use, and NPS pollutant output needs further exploration. We improved the mechanism model using a flow accumulation algorithm to construct a measure of the NPS pollutant output response at the administrative region scale. The mediating effect test confirmed that socioeconomic factors such as labour transfer, farmland property rights, large‐scale operations, agricultural technological progress and risk aversion were also fundamental drivers that affected the NPS pollutant output by changing the arable land use form factors. The mediating drivers included endowment, landscape morphology, management system, planting mode and production capacity. The average total phosphorus concentrations per unit area in townships with various arable land use patterns were grain and economical crop extensive operations (0.83 mg/L); grain and economical crop scale operations (0.54 mg/L); grain, oil, and cotton scale operations (0.45 mg/L); and suburban compound operations (0.44 mg/L). We found that the degree of influence and path of each fundamental and mediating driver on NPS pollutant output concentrations showed clear differences between townships with different patterns, which were the primary reasons for the significant differences in NPS pollutant output responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate welfare inequality between households in rural and urban Ethiopia using secondary data obtained from the Living Standards Measurement Surveys (LSMS) available on the World Bank website. The data was analyzed using the Atkinson Index to identify welfare inequality among households and quantile regression to identify determinants of welfare inequality in rural and urban Ethiopia. The results show that the Atkinson index for the rural group is 0.123006, while it is 0.110899 for the urban group, indicating a higher level of welfare inequality in rural areas. Furthermore, the quantile regression analysis reveals that among the factors measured, the number of assets, access to health services, and saving are important determinants of welfare inequality in rural households. On the other hand, the number of livestock and household size are found to be significant factors contributing to welfare inequality in urban areas. This study provides valuable insights into the specific drivers of welfare inequality in both rural and urban settings and can inform policymakers on how to address these inequalities to promote social and economic development in Ethiopia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sharing economy is a new promising business model, which has not yet been sufficiently studied in the economic literature. This requires clarification of its essence and analysis of development prospects. To do this, the authors identified the basic concepts of the sharing economy; provide quantitative data on the volume of sharing industries; highlighted the problematic issues of the development of the sharing economy. The methodology of the author’s research included the use of methods for analyzing quantitative and qualitative characteristics, summarizing the analyzed information, describing, abstracting. It has been established that the penetration of elements of the sharing economy into various industries is very active today. The development of the sharing economy is an effective way to implement the sustainable development policy. The advantages of sharing are greater accessibility, clarity, cost-effectiveness of the forms of interaction used, compared to other areas of traditional business activities. The influence of the sharing economy is due to the fact that it creates an impetus for the development of traditional industries and changes the quality of socio-economic development.

Subject. The aggravation of such social issues as increased tension in the labour market, an accelerated rate of inflation, a drop in people’s incomes, declining birth rates and increasing natural population decline, insufficient state social services, environmental pollution, and others has been typical for Russian during recent years. An introduction of social innovations in the operation of economic entities may serve as a solution for these social issues. Therefore, social innovations whose forms depend on the objectives, tasks, needs, and interests of economic entities as well as general conditions and factors of their presence become relevant. Objectives. The goal of the articles was to study the main forms of social innovations and to identify the issues of their implementation and propagation within the contemporary conditions of the operation of economic entities. Methodology. To achieve the set goals, the following scientific methods were used: dialectical, analysis and synthesis, generalisation, and comparison. The research was based on the study of relevant scientific literature and economic journals. Conclusions. As a result of the study, it was established that the main forms of social innovations are social enterprise, social entrepreneurship, social cooperation, social partnership, and social contract. However, the process of propagating and scaling up social innovations in Russia is taking a long time due to the negative influence of objective and subjective factors. Among these factors are the following: lack of a single regulatory framework in the field of social innovations, uneven development of some regions of the country, lack of resources, regional budget deficits, etc. Thus, under these conditions, an effective state social and innovative policy determines the diffusion of social innovations. Using alternative methods and practices, it will help to reduce social tension, increase people’s real income and life quality, which, as a result, should lead to an extended propagation of all results and factors of economic growth. The scientific novelty of this study is that it explains the content of the forms of social innovations that act as an efficient tool of state policy.

Modernization of agriculture with the use of the latest digital technologies is one of the key global trends today. The authors found that in the context of sustainable development, the digital transformation of the economy is one of the key elements in building a technological information society based on ongoing social-and-economic processes. The purpose of the study is to identify the need for the modernization of agriculture in the digital economy, which improves the quality of sectoral management. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were solved: analysis of the main policy documents approved for the medium and long term and related to the development of agriculture in the context of the digitalization of the economy; assessment of the main indicators of the agricultural sector of the Republic of Belarus; identification of the main problems of agricultural development. The analysis made it possible to develop the main directions for the development of agriculture in the context of digitalization, which can be used to make managerial decisions by republican and regional government bodies in the formation and implementation of regional and state programs for the development of the agroindustrial complex. Модернизация сельского хозяйства с применением новейших цифровых технологий является на сегодняшний день одним из ключевых мировых трендов. Авторами выявлено, что в условиях устойчивого развития цифровая трансформация экономики выступает одним из ключевых элементов построения технологичного информационного общества на основе происходящих социально-экономических процессов. Цель исследования состоит в выявлении необходимости модернизации сельского хозяйства в условиях цифровой экономики, обеспечивающей повышение качества отраслевого управления. Для достижения цели решались следующие задачи: анализ основных программных документов, утвержденных на среднесрочную и долгосрочную перспективу и связанные с развитием сельского хозяйства в условиях цифровизации экономики; оценка основных показателей сельскохозяйственной отрасли Республики Беларусь; выявление основных проблем развития сельского хозяйства. Проведенный анализ позволил разработать основные направления развития сельского хозяйства в условиях цифровизации, которые могут быть использованы для принятия управленческих решений республиканскими и региональными органами государственного управления при формировании и реализации региональной и государственной программ развития агропромышленного комплекса.

The paper discusses the main directions of interaction between economic and climate policy. It is stated that, despite external shocks and an increased level of uncertainty, the climate agenda remains in the focus of attention of the Government of the Russian Federation. The significant contribution of Russia to the achievement of the global goals of climate regulation is emphasized. The position of Russia regarding the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the medium and long term is substantiated. The important role of scientific research in substantiating the national climate policy is noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tasks of forecasting the development of Russian territories, in particular the territory of the Arctic, are the most problematic due to the urgent need of the economy and management for a reliable forecast, the uncertainty of the near future caused by the turbulence of geopolitics, and the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on socio-economic processes, which are also not fully measurable. The purpose of the article is to present the initial grounds and forecast of the socio-economic development of the regions of the Russian Arctic with a lead time up to 2023. The methodological peculiarity of the research is to take into account geopolitical, national, regional, industrial factors and development trends on the basis of using: 1) the analysis results of real and perspective global trends recorded in statistical indicators, forecast documents of the IMF, WTO, Central Bank, Ministry of Economic Development of Russia; 2) generalizations, comparisons of official forecasts and development plans of the AZRF adopted at the federal, regional levels, as well as forecasts, plans of corporations operating in the AZRF; 3) analysis of real statistical data using the author's econometric models. Given the considerable amount of analytical information received, the aspects and factors that have a key influence on the prospects of socio-economic development of the Arctic are outlined and classified according to the following levels: global, national, regional. Forecasts are made for the regions entirely located in the Arctic zone — Yamalo-Nenets, Nenets and Chukotka Autonomous okrugs, the Murmansk Oblast with an anticipation period up to 20212023. The importance of scientific forecasting in modern conditions is emphasized, encouraging reflection, new hypotheses, discussions.

We present a review of wind energy development in Mexico, factors hampering this development, and proposals for solutions to address this hampering. This review is relevant in the context of climate change mitigation strategies and the achievement of the United Nations' sustainable development goals. Wind energy can be harvested at competitive costs to solve society's energy poverty and climate change problems. Firstly, we present the current wind energy installed capacity and wind power generation status globally and in Mexico and discuss why Mexico is lagging behind, particularly since 2020. Despite this lag, several state governors are still considering wind energy developments. The current economic context is then considered, with community wind energy as a solution forward for wind energy development, using a successful case study from the UK that has addressed energy poverty and provided an additional income source for an island community. Any community energy project using wind as its main energy resource relies on accurate wind energy assessment in its feasibility analysis. Thus, an evaluation of different wind energy atlases for Mexico was performed, which showed that models considering microscale processes could lead to a relative difference of more than 50% when compared to those that do not consider them. This led to the conclusion that microscale effects must be considered in wind energy characterization models. Furthermore, it is acknowledged that wind faces other challenges, such as the effect of future climate change scenarios, grid planning, and vulnerability and risk associated with tropical storms, which can be substantial in Mexico. Solutions are proposed in the form of possible wind power generation scenarios, planning and implementation of centralized and distributed transmission lines, and possible wind siting and technological choices to reduce the vulnerability and risk to tropical storms. Finally, we close with some future perspectives for researchers and decision-makers. The main conclusions are that sustainable growth can only be compatible with a transition to renewable sources of energy, energy community projects can address energy poverty and achieve sustainable development goals, wind energy feasibility studies need to include microscale effects, return of investment can be improved by siting the wind farms in regions of low vulnerability and risk to extreme events, and high-voltage transmission lines are crucial for sustainable development, even with the important role that distributed systems play. Finally, turbine growth and materials recycling, among other factors, must be considered when assessing the environmental impacts of wind farm decommissioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of História Unisinos is the property of Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The high level of inter-regional social and economic inequality of population incomes forms one of major problems of the space development of the Russian Federation. This situation promotes social tension and hinders economic growth in the country. The article analyzes the current standing of the inter-regional inequality in the Russian Federation by a number of key indicators characterizing population incomes and estimates dynamics of inequality changes in entities of the Russian Federation within the period of 2000–2020. Findings of the analysis prove that inter-regional differentiation of entities of the Russian Federation by the level of population incomes from 2000 to 2020 dropped in more than 1.5 times. The current level of differentiation is not considerable and the sample of Russian Federation entities by this criterion can be called homogeneous. All calculations were made with necessary adjustment of the nominal level of incomes to the regional level of prices.

India is one of the countries in the world that shows dynamic growth in the development of all spheres of social and economic life of the population. At the same time, it is characterized by colossal differences in the level and quality of life of citizens. The work reveals territorial disparities in the level of social and economic development of the state. A comprehensive typology of the states and union territories of India was created, based on the economic and social statistics of the National Institute for Transformation of India. Economic development was considered in the context of a macroeconomic approach and is associated with the study of the gross regional product by administrative units of the state according to indicators of three sectors of the economy: primary, secondary, and tertiary. We analyzed social development in the context of five categories of indicators for the states and union territories of India: education, demography, poverty, infrastructure, and public finance. Principal component analysis was taken as the key analysis method. For each block, dozens of actual indicators were used in the structure of economic and social analysis. During analysis of variance and analysis of eigenvectors within the framework of the principal component method, latent indicators were determined that determine the level of development of each sector of the economy and the level of development of each category of social indicators. The factors of spatial development, which determine the territorial differentiation of the socio-economic life of the population by states and union territories of India, are highlighted. The functioning and development trends of the administrative-territorial units of India are assessed. Five states and union territories were ranked as the lowest, eight as low, eleven as medium, and six as high socio-economic development. The state with the highest level of socio-economic development was Maharashtra. It is the only administrative unit in India that has taken a leading position in the typology for many separate blocks of economic and social development. Against the background of an increase in economic growth and social indicators, a large gap remains in the country between wealthy and poor citizens, which complicates more effective socio-economic development of both individual regions of the country and India as a whole. This aspect should become a priority in the development of India.

Background: Quite promising in terms of economics and geopolitics, projects of social and eco-nomic development of the Arctic that are currently underway need skilled and well-trained young person-nel. Digitization of the economy, especially important for of the Arctic, has led to the necessity of forming new competencies in the process of modern youth education. With regard to this, studies aimed at exploring the opportunities of new educational technologies become particularly relevant. Purpose: The objective of the paper is to present the authors' viewpoint on modern youth education which underlies social and economic development of the Arctic. Design/methodology/approach: The reliability and validity of the research findings are achieved by the integrated use of general scientific and particular methods of inquiry in their interrelation and interdependence. The methodological framework of the research is the set of general scientific inquiry methods: comparative analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, and the systemic and synergetic approach. Findings: Within the research, principal factors predetermining the way digitization unfolds for social and economic development of the Arctic areas have been outlined; Russia has been found to rank worst among the Arctic countries in digital competitiveness; for the first time in the world practice, the effect of gigonomy as a special social and economic model on the development of digital society in the Arctic has been identified; the promising outlook of dissemination of online education has been demon-strated, with specific conditions of the Arctic taken into account; bottlenecks in implementation of digital projects in the Arctic, in the sphere of education included, have been analyzed and summed up. Conclusions: The paper can be of interest for a broad range of researchers, first of all, for those concerned with problems of development of Russian youth education, as well as subjects of the Arctic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forests are of utmost importance for sustainability because of their ongoing contributions to biodiversity protection, fertility management in agricultural areas, and the well-being of people. However, few studies have focused on the extent to which the bioeconomy of forests impacts a country's social and economic development. This study aimed to examine the bioeconomy contribution of forestry to social and economic development using Greece as a case study. Data was collected from 312 professionals in the forestry and finance sectors of Greece using a survey questionnaire. Forests are associated with direct and indirect contributions that impact human livelihood and contribute toward a country's economic development. However, the role of forestry in development is affected by policy-related and human-made challenges. The difficulties are primarily caused by shifts in how economic activity is distributed from the agricultural to the industrial to the service sectors, different government policies intended to increase forest cover, and in other instances, as a result of the role of global capital and trade. The forestry contributions to global commerce, national economies, employment, and family incomes remain consistent throughout all these patterns of loss, stabilization, and recovery. It was established that the bioeconomy can increase the benefits of forests by further exploiting forest wealth (biomass, resins) with the direct and indirect benefits for forest-related societies and local economies. In addition, the management and exploitation of forests by adopting bioeconomy practices, allows the attainment of important skills, knowledge, and new fields of entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work examines the significance of Mill's Utilitarian philosophy of economics in addressing the challenges confronting the social and economic development of Africa. Africa, the second largest continent both by land mass and population, is yet to replicate its size with socio-economic greatness. The continent is still riddled with myriads of socio-political and economic problems begging for solutions. These problems, as the work identifies, range from poor productive capacity, unmotivated labour force, poor capital base, bad foreign market policies, corruption, defective economic policies, bad leadership and lack of political will. This work employing the philosophical tools of textual critical analysis, exposition and evaluation argues that some aspects of J.S. Mill's utilitarian philosophy of economics can be used as a catalyst to trigger the long overdue social and economic development of Africa. The aspects which the work employed include Mill's views on production, labour, capital, exchange and international trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2050, about 80% of the European building stock will consist of buildings currently in use. In Italy, a significant share of such stock was built during post-war reconstruction through the Ina Casa social housing programme, which solved such problems as unemployment and housing demand. The rationale behind the building focussed on tradition and saving and drove the implementation of architectural solutions which do not meet the current European Green Deal requirements. Due to the energy crisis, such architectural solutions are also expensive to manage. The wish to rehabilitate the abovementioned stock stimulates the adoption of new instruments, such as energy communities and participatory energy management models. These instruments achieve a sustainable energy set-up and drive both social and economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2050, about 80% of the European building stock will consist of buildings currently in use. In Italy, a significant share of such stock was built during post-war reconstruction through the Ina Casa social housing programme, which solved such problems as unemployment and housing demand. The rationale behind the building focussed on tradition and saving and drove the implementation of architectural solutions which do not meet the current European Green Deal requirements. Due to the energy crisis, such architectural solutions are also expensive to manage. The wish to rehabilitate the above-mentioned stock stimulates the adoption of new instruments, such as energy communities and participatory energy management models. These instruments achieve a sustainable energy set-up and drive both social and economic development.

The uniqueness of today's social processes triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic determines the lack of insights into the transformation of the socio-economic space of the Russian Arctic. The purpose of this article is to review the past, recent, and future conditions for development and management of the Russian Arctic, considered in the context of the unfolding crisis of a non–economic nature and its consequences. The methodological peculiarity of the review is presentation of the phenomenon of the current crisis in the context of interrelated fundamental problems of the development of the Russian Arctic, the new economic reality, which makes it difficult to reliably predict the future. This naturally led to the substantiation of a series of contradictions and difficulties in implementing the declared development goals of the Russian Arctic, that are specifically reflected in the title of the article — "chimeras", which in biology means an organism consisting of genetically heterogeneous cells. A statistical description of the specifics of socio-economic development of the Arctic regions under the COVID-19 pandemic has been carried out in the context of review of the support measures, examination of the economic structure and the corresponding scale of "disconnection" of the regions' economies during the period of isolation and the subsequent recovery. It is revealed that the Arctic regions demonstrate greater economic resilience compared to the overall Russian situation, which is associated not so much with the strengthening of stabilization measures at the federal level with the support of the regional level, but with the fundamental reasons — the relative simplicity of the Arctic extractive economy, higher population incomes, low level of small and medium business development. Navigation on the risks and opportunities of governing the Russian Arctic has been carried out, linking the fundamentals and the practical implications of the study through the traditional rationale for navigating and considering the practice of managing an object, in our case, the Arctic, as well as routing, which is, choosing the path to follow. In particular, it makes a strong case that the pandemic has deepened the problems and risks that are also major management targets for the "precursor" period and creates a new hypothetical risk — the diminishing scale of the Arctic's social and economic development goals, including practices for securing conditions for increased standards of living and quality of life for its people.

The article examines the influence of the development of modern technologies on the management of industrial enterprises. The paper considers the main trends in the development of technologies, shows the dynamics of their changes over the past three years. The strongest positions in the market are held by companies that have determined the right vector for their development on time, and adaptation as a reaction to the emergence of new technologies becomes the key factor for successful functioning of an industrial enterprise in turbulent environment. The article presents a model of management for industrial enterprises heeding trends in development of technologies, and for the first time submits the usage of systems for preliminary assessment of innovation technology for its compliance and non-contradiction to the interests of the individual.

The authors investigate the prospects for the spatial development of modern Russia highlighting the supporting regions considered in the budgetary aspect. The relevance of the study is due to the insufficient evidence for the effectiveness of the current policy of “equalization”, as well as the need for breakthrough growth of the Russian economy within the framework of national development goals. The present paper aims to identify one of the key elements of the supporting framework of the spatial organization of Russia in terms of the level of fiscal capacity. The research methodology is based on the use of complex, statistical and comparative analyses. The authors used official data of Rosstat on the population, tax and non-tax revenues, gratuitous receipts in 2010 and 2019 by regions of Russia. The authors highlight the key aspects of the spatial development of the Russian economy in the regional context: human capital development, economic development, the functioning of spatial structures of various types, fiscal capacity, environmental component, location of information and communication infrastructure, and geopolitical position. The influence of the fiscal capacity parameter on the sustainable socio-economic development of the region is justified. The fiscal capacity index of the constituent entities of Russia is analyzed at the end of 2010 and 2019, the main trends are identified. The study presents a cartographic visualization of the Russian regions by per capita fiscal capacity for tax and non-tax revenues of the consolidated budgets in 2019. The authors carried out a comparative analysis of the revenues of consolidated regional budgets on the macro-regional level, as a result of which the leading regions were identified and their budget parameters described.The present paper outlines one of the key elements of the supporting framework of Russian spatial organization from the point of view of fiscal capacity and identifies potential regions supporting spatial development in the context of macro-regions. The authors conclude that the supporting framework of the spatial organization of Russia, formed by the level of fiscal capacity, characterizes the financial potential of the territories, which can contribute to the development of interregional cooperation, including through the use of mechanisms for ensuring “horizontal” inter-budgetary transfers and budget loans. The prospect for further research on this topic consists in assessing and shaping other elements of the spatial development of Russia and identifying, by uniting them, supporting regions that can stimulate the development of not only the semi-periphery and periphery of their macro-regions but also of the entire country.

Abstract—The practices of the social and economic development of the South of Tyumen oblast (STO, a federal subject—Tyumen oblast without autonomous okrugs) have provided generally successful economic growth since the mid-2000s. The build-up of the STO industry was largely associated with the extraction of hydrocarbons (primarily oil) and their processing (petrochemistry and oil refining). However, these growth drivers are losing their meaning. Today, the potential for further growth due to the expansion of hydrocarbon production and processing is close to being exhausted. The region needs to search for new sources of economic growth. These can be related to the knowledge economy and interregional ties, which includes manufacturing high-tech equipment and providing high-tech services not only for the STO but also for the oil and gas sector throughout Western Siberia. It is advisable to pursue activities in this regard within the newly established oil cluster, whose successful functioning has all the necessary prerequisites in the STO. Its generation and development must be carried out considering the peculiarities of transforming the main assets of the oil and gas sector of the Western Siberia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-SMART methodology is a reference framework for examining the viability and potential of rural areas in Bulgaria, which analyses a system of indicators to define competitive advantages and resources of the region that are not sufficiently used. It includes a set of indicators reflecting the economic and social development of rural areas, as well as specific features and unused resources. As a result of applying the E-SMART methodology, scenarios can be formulated to provide direction for development in the region, while indicating key resources and assets. A leading objective for the implementation of the methodology is to identify scenarios and tools to promote employment, entrepreneurial activity and social inclusion in rural areas, improve quality of life and sustainable use of local development resources and technologies. The focus for applying the E-SMART methodology is on rural areas of Bulgaria due to the following reasons: A huge part over 82% of the territory of the country falls in the so-called rural areas, where over 39% of the population of the country lives; A total of 232 municipalities, which are 87.5% of the total number of Bulgarian municipalities, on 80.9% of the territory of the country are categorized as rural municipalities; In rural areas, there are a number of specific challenges to be addressed with innovative instruments, after assessing the potential and local resources of the specific region; The structure of methodology includes six indicators that form the abbreviation of E-SMART as follows: E – Economic indicators; S – Social indicators; M – Manufacturing; A – Agriculture; R – Resources; T – Technology The report analyses the application of E-SMART methodology for the rural areas in Bulgaria with a reflection on the unique assets and opportunities for development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regional transportation has an important impact on social and economic development. This paper presents a new modeling method of the impact of regional traffic on social and economic development. Firstly, the evaluation indexes of regional transportation and socio-economic development are designed; Then, the analytic hierarchy process is used to calculate the processed index weight, and the impact model of regional transportation on social and economic development is established. The results show that the model has higher accuracy than the conventional method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]