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WO3/SnO2 heterostructure nanowire array was fabricated using the Glancing angle deposition technique (GLAD), which is a growth-controlled and catalytic-free process. Well-aligned, vertical NWs are observed in the field emission scanning electron microscope image. The X-ray diffraction measurement revealed SnO2 amorphous and WO3 crystalline nature. The material exhibits strong absorption in the UV region with a direct bandgap of approximately 3.1 eV and 3.6 eV for WO3 and SnO2, respectively. Electrical analysis at room temperature, conducted over a voltage range of -5 to 5 V, demonstrates the device's performance, with a good detectivity (D*) of 6.93 × 1013 and responsivity of 5.9 A/W. Additionally, the device shows a stable switching response at -3 V, with a rise time of 0.30 s and a fall time of 0.32 s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tin oxide (SnO2) is one of the important semiconductors used in the application of solar cells because of its chemical–mechanical stability and wide band gap. These properties are very important for the performance development and photoanode optimization of a dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC). However, the low conduction band value of SnO2 reduces the photovoltaic efficiency, which limits the application of DSSC. Therefore, the doping strategy was used to increase the sensitivity to the visible light spectrum and change the light absorption properties of SnO2. In this paper, pure SnO2, Ag/SnO2, Pt/SnO2, and Pt/Ag/SnO2 nanoparticles were synthesized at the nanoscale by a simple chemical sol–gel method. To characterize the structure, morphological/chemical properties, optical properties, and surface properties of the synthesized SnO2 nanoparticles, X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet–visible, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)/Energy Dispersive X‐Ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and particle size analysis were respectively used. XRD results showed that the crystal sizes varied between 8.8 and 12.2 nm depending on the doping. Doping processes resulted in reductions in particle sizes. Optical studies resulted in decreases in the band gap with the doping process. The conclusions obtained have shown that Ag doping, and Pt–Ag co‐doping can be promising for use as photoanode materials in semiconductor technology and especially in DSSC applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In p–i–n perovskite solar cells (PSCs), fullerene derivatives are predominantly used as an electron transport material (ETM) despite their disadvantages, such as parasitic absorption in the short wavelength range and high cost. State‐of‐the‐art n‐i‐p PSCs are fabricated using SnO2 as the ETM due to their high charge transfer ability, transparency, and low cost. However, in p–i–n PSCs, dispersing SnO2 nanoparticles in a solvent that does not damage the perovskite and forming a uniform layer is challenging. Herein, a strategy of directly depositing SnO2 quantum dots (QDs) on perovskite using ethylenediamine (EDA) for high‐performance applications is reported, which involves a SnO2 QD solution designed with a damage‐free cosolvent. Treating the SnO2 QD layer with the EDA strategy creates a conformal SnO2 QD layer and improves charge transport. This strategy achieves a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.9% in PSCs with a 1.77 eV bandgap, which is the highest PCE reported for wide bandgap p–i–n PSCs using an inorganic ETM. The top SnO2 layer enables ITO deposition without sputtering damage and achieves a bifacial factor of 99% due to the high transmittance of SnO2 QD. The resulting four‐terminal all‐perovskite tandem exhibited a PCE of 27.0%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving both high efficiency and stability in organic solar cells (OSCs) remains a significant challenge. Inverted structure OSCs, compared to those with a normal structure, show great potential for combining high efficiency with enhanced stability. However, despite their improved stability, the efficiencies of inverted OSCs still lag behind those of conventional structure OSCs, largely due to the performance of electron transport layers (ETLs). Herein, a water‐soluble hybrid ETL is developed by modifying SnO2 nanoparticles with an aqueous potassium carboxylate salt, PMA. This modification effectively passivates the oxygen vacancy defects in the SnO2 nanoparticles and eliminates the light soaking issue observed in the control device. As a result, the PM6:Y6‐based device shows an improvement in efficiency from 16.68% to 17.85% with PMA modification. Notably, an exceptional efficiency of 19.07% is achieved for the PM6:BTP‐eC9‐based device using this hybrid ETL, marking the highest efficiency reported to date for single‐junction inverted OSCs. In addition, all tested OSCs with the hybrid ETL demonstrate superior stability under both thermal and light illumination at the maximum power point compared to the control devices. Furthermore, utilizing this water‐processed hybrid ETL, a large‐area module based on PM6:BO‐4Cl is fabricated and shows an outstanding efficiency of 15.02%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study investigates the photodegradation of Acid Violet 49 in an aqueous medium under UV, UV/H2O2, and combined with photo catalyst (UV/H2O2/TiO2, UV/H2O2/ZnO, and UV/H2O2/SnO2). The impact of all operational parameters including catalytic dosage, peroxidation (H2O2), pH and dye concentration were evaluated. The degradation efficiency of AV49 was enhanced up to 96% with the alternative photocatalyst UV/H2O2/ZnO under the circumstances of 0.6mL H2O2, 0.9 g ZnO, 50 mg/L initial dye concentration, and pH 9 after 90 min. Hemolytic test were used to check the toxicity level of products. FTIR spectroscopy of UV/ZnO/H2O2 was applied to identify the functional group of AV49 before and end product of the degradation. Moreover, the analytical technique LC-MS provided valuable information regarding the degradation products of AV 49. A proposed pathway was identified based on the findings of the degradation product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]