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Shifting school schedules, small class sizes, and unpredictable instrumentation resulting from the global pandemic necessitated a creative approach to teaching ensemble music classes this year. In response to that challenge, I constructed a curriculum for developing independent musicianship through chamber music. Part independence, self-evaluation, communication skills, and practice strategies were key focuses during the term. This sequential approach to introducing chamber music can be transferred beyond a “pandemic schedule” with any ensemble regardless of experience level or instrumentation.

Experts studying antique astronomic instruments are well aware of a small class of so-called portable sundials from the Roman Empire. Over the past few decades, they have been considered in several important publications, including a recent book by Richard J. A. Talbert, in which he systematized the available information. Talbert and earlier J. V. Field described eight portable sundials of a “geographical” type, dating from about 2nd–4th centuries. Five are inscribed in Greek, the other three in Latin. The list of Greek dials also contains a dial from Memphis, information about which has been very scarce so far. Some authors even considered it lost. Fortunately, this instrument is stored in the collection of the State Hermitage Museum (St. Petersburg) and now we have an opportunity to study it more closely.

This descriptive research investigated influence of class size on the students’ and teachers’ motivation during the instruction. The study objectives focused the effects of class size on the students’ initiation in completing instructional tasks, stimulating them in expressing the ideas freely and in provision of positive feedback to them during the instruction. Three null hypotheses were formulated to observe the significance differences between observed and expected proportion about target objectives. For this purpose, the data were collected from 4th grade students and teachers of 51 government primary schools through observation sheets and questionnaire respectively. Collected data were analysed through mean and chi-square. The major findings indicated that small class size assisted teachers as well as students to exhibit higher level of the motivation and interest during instruction. However, no significant differences noted between the observed and expected proportion about level of initiation, completion of task, rate of stimulation and provision of feedback among students belonging to different level of class size.

As a result of systematic monitoring of the parameters of the of Danish type danish seine equipped with sensors of ScanMar catch control system for the first time, the actual (working) vertical and horizontal openings of Danish type danish seine are instrumentally determined, as well as the working form of the danish seine in the process of running down and hauling wires. It has been shown that the horizontal opening of the Danish-type danish seine at the moment of the end of the running down wires is on average 21.2 m, the vertical one — 5.3 m, which suggests that in the process of further towing of the snurrevod its working form makes it possible to successfully catch aquatic organisms. The state of modern danish seine fishing, the qualitative and quantitative changes of the fleet structure on a danish seine fishing are analyzed. A sharp increase in the use of Danish-type danish seine structures with shortened wings and large vertical opening was recorded on the Kamchatka shelf. 2005 to 2018 the number of vessels involved in the danish seine fishing decreased by 53%, of which the small small fleet decreased by 120 units, the small class fleet — by 33 units, while the number of middle class vessels, on the contrary, increased by 8 units.

Self-confidence is a vital trait that teachers are expected to possess before venturing into the teaching profession or going into a class to teach. The issue of self-confidence of teachers is considered to be predicated on different factors. This research study explored the connection between support from subject mentors to preservice teachers, class sizes taught by student teachers, and their self-confidence. A qualitative method was adopted for data collection from the six selected preservice teachers undergoing teaching practice in three carefully selected high schools in KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa. The finding of the study shows that large class sizes mostly affect the self-confidence of preservice teachers negatively. Also, the role played by subject mentors in boosting the self-confidence of preservice teachers is immense and cannot be overemphasised. Thus, the study recommends, among other things, that preservice teachers should first be exposed to small class sizes to aid their self-confidence before being exposed to large class sizes. Meanwhile, subject mentors should be given periodic workshops on the things expected of them during teaching practice exercises and they should be motivated through various means to mentor preservice teachers.

English is taught as a compulsory course in Chinese universities and it is necessary to find feasible ways to improve students’ English ability to communicate. Role-play is believed as an effective way to enhance second language learners’ communicative competence and it is also supposed to be able to be effective in Chinese universities EFL classes. The real effect, however, relies on the actual implementation in classes. If the teachers inappropriately adopt role-play, it is hard to be useful. Due to the lack of research paying attention to this issue, it is not clear how Chinese university English teachers use role-play and whether it is effective. For this reason, a case study was conducted, with a Chinese university EFL teacher taking part in the interviews. The results show that participants attempt to maximise the effectiveness of role-play to improve students’ English communicative competence by practising comprehensive language skills, linguistic knowledge, and workplace topics. Nonetheless, some issues, namely script preparation, students’ proficiency difference and class size are identified. These may challenge the actual effectiveness of role-play. Possible solutions, including selecting role-play according to students’ ability, considering individuals’ condition, mixed-ability grouping and small class size, are suggested thereafter.

This article discusses the features of the environmental impact of wheeled vehicles on the soil and ways to reduce it. It was determined that one of the ways to reduce the harmful impact on the ground is to increase the tire contact spot and reduce the specific pressure in contact. The article discusses the main existing methods for determining the parameters of the contact spot of ultra-low pressure tires. The analysis of the considered methods is carried out, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages. Laboratory tests of the 1020x420-18 bus of the Bel-79 model used as a propellant on small-class forest tires were carried out. The research was carried out using a universal functional test bench for tires of the SIB-1M model. based on the method of static loading of the wheel with the application of an imprint of the painted area of the tire tread on a solid non-deformable platform, a series of experiments was carried out to determine the influence of the radial load and internal air pressure in the tire on the parameters of the tire contact spot. The results of the research are the dependences of the change in the shape of the contour and the actual area of the tire contact spot with the solid support axis. Approximating power functions

The learning process using teaching materials is an effective way for teachers to deliver material to students. This study's teaching materials' development aims to produce teaching materials for writing news texts on eighth-grade junior high school students. The developed teaching material validity is seen from developing, implementing and measuring the effectiveness of the teaching material. The research method used is the Borg and Gall's Research and Development. Data collection techniques used were questionnaires and observations. Data analysis uses descriptive qualitative analysis and descriptive statistical analysis. The process of developing the materials was based on experts' validation of the materials, the language, and the product's graphic. The material experts' validation result showed a value of 77.5% and 92.5% in the very feasible category. The linguists' validation results showed a value of 72% and 92% in the very feasible category. The graphic experts showed a value of 78% and 92.8% included in the very feasible category. In this study, the product trial subjects were students of class VIII of junior high school and were carried out with small class trials and field trials. Through a small group and field test results, the effectiveness of teaching materials from assessing student responses was the average value of 3.23 (82.8%) on average value or good category. Student learning outcomes show an overall grade point average of 83.8 (100%). This shows that the quality of student learning based on teaching materials in writing news is very good. From the data obtained, the developed teaching materials are suitable for use.

The Arabidopsis thaliana atypical Cys His-rich thioredoxins (ACHTs) are a small class of atypical thioredoxins (TRXs) located in chloroplasts thylakoids and are characterized by a noncanonical motif at their redox active site, C (G/S)(S/G)C. Previous studies have reported that ACHT1 can interact with A. thaliana 2-Cys peroxiredoxins (2-Cys Prxs, including PrxA and PrxB) to transmit oxidation signals in response to illumination with normal light intensity. In this study, we reported the crystal structure of ACHT1 and show that ACHT1 adopts a canonical TRX fold. Comparison of the structures of ACHT1 in both reducing and oxidizing environments revealed that while the redox environment did not influence the overall structure of ACHT1, it did change the conformation of its catalytic residues. We found that the catalytic C125 of ACHT1 is the target residue for PrxA in vitro. In addition, we found that ACHT1 can reduce the peroxidase activity of PrxA, and further confirmed that the ability of ACHT1 to restore the peroxidase function of PrxA was due to the interaction between the two. Our results provide a structural basis for studying the function of atypical TRXs and the oxidative regulation mechanism of ACHT1 and 2-Cys Prxs in chloroplasts.

In determining the implementation and execution of the classroom activities, the teacher’s beliefs plays an important role as one of the fundamental aspects of language teaching. In-depth, the beliefs also influence the learner’s competency and the achievement of learning outcomes. This research aims at observing the beliefs of a Spanish language teacher in a private language school in Australia. Data were gathered through interview and classroom observations. The interview was designed to explore the teacher’s beliefs regarding the language learning approach. Furthermore, the classroom observations were conducted through 1) complete observer observation and 2) complete participants observation. They were carried out to see to what extent the teacher implemented the beliefs into action. Pre-classroom questionnaires on the learner’s background were distributed to know the learners’ background. In the era where communicative approach becomes the axis of language teaching, this study suggests “scaffolding” as an alternative approach to language teaching. The finding indicates that some primary factors affecting the teacher to hold his beliefs are: limited classroom duration, small class size, and the condition of Spanish as a foreign language (FL) in Australia – where learning resources are limited. In the learning condition where the target language (TL) resources found to be scarce, this ‘scaffolding’ approach successfully and effectively equips learners with adequate knowledge of Spanish. Taking the ‘scaffolding’ as the major foundation to develop learners’ linguistic proficiency, this research provides insight regarding the use of ‘scaffolding’ toward language teaching and learning.

Polyacetylene glycosides (PAGs) constitute a relatively small class of secondary metabolites characterized by the presence of a sugar unit anomerically connected to a polyacetylene. These compounds are found in fungi, seaweed, and more often in plants. PAGs exhibit a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities and, as a result, the literature of these compounds has grown exponentially in recent years.

This study evaluated the 3-year clinical performance of four different flowable composite materials used in Small Class I restorations in permanent molars. This double-blinded, clinical study analyzed 229 Small Class I restorations/103 children at baseline, 12, 24, and 36 months with modified United States Public Health Services (USPHS) criteria. The tested flowable materials were Voco Grandio Flow + Voco Solobond M, Vivadent Tetric EvoFlow + Vivadent Excite, Dentsply X-Flow + Dentsply Prime&amp, Bond NT, and 3M ESPE Filtek Supreme XT Flow + 3M ESPE Scotchbond Universal. The retention and marginal adaptation rates were highest for Grandio Flow and X Flow materials after 36 months, resulting in the highest score of clinical acceptability at 95.3% and 97.6%, respectively. The Tetric EvoFlow and Filtek Supreme XT Flow had the same retention rate after 36 months at 88.1%. Statistical significance was found in Grandio flow material in postoperative sensitivity criteria (p = 0.021). Tetric EvoFlow showed statistical differences in retention (p = 0.01), color match (p = 0.004), and marginal adaptation (p = 0.042). Filtek Supreme showed statistical differences in retention (p = 0.01) and marginal adaptation (p &lt, 0.001). The flowable composite materials showed excellent clinical efficacy after 36 months of their clinical usage. There was no difference among the tested flowable composite materials quality in Small Class I restorations over time.

The reduced engagement of students in large classes is one concern that may have an impact on the low level of students' academic achievement. The use of a digital game is one proven teaching media that increase students’ engagement in learning. This research seeks to compare the effectiveness of using digital games towards students' academic achievement in small and large classes. This quasi-experimental research uses a pretest-posttest nonequivalent multiple group design involving 58 pre-service physics teachers in two classes, namely small class and large class. Both classes use the same digital game application to study the nature of light. Data were collected through a paper and pencil test consisting of multiple-choice questions. The result showed that the use of a digital game could increase students' academic achievement. The students’ game score achievement and the increase in academic achievement were positively correlated. The use of a digital game in large classes can significantly increase students' academic achievement compared to small classes. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.18.12.12

This study aimed to investigate the challenges international students face during their studies at Kwantlen polytechnic university. The research focused on the English language, study-related and financial issues, and adjustment to life in Canada. The participants were 25 females and 38 male students of 18- 35 years old from China, India and the Middle East. The materials included a challenges questionnaire, coping and religiosity scales, adjustment in Canada and religious involvement scales, and a demographic questionnaire. The data were collected at three campuses of KPU. The main challenges reported by the majority of international students were high tuition fees, high rents, part-time work, and missing the families. Most international students liked small class sizes, were satisfied with the education, felt comfortable communicating with professors, were welcomed by their peers and had adjusted to Canadian culture. In general, international students who used both emotion-avoidance and problem-focused coping strategies were better at facing challenges.

Penelitian ini dilakukan di Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang pada program studi Pendidikan Maematika tahun akdemik 2018-2019. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan video pembelajaran berbantuan aplikasi sparkoll videoscribe. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development ). Tahapan yang digunakan adalah obesrvasi lapangan, pengumpulan data, desain produk, validasi oleh ahli, revisi produk, ujicoba kelas kecil, analisis data, dan produk final. berdasarkan hasil validasi para ahli dengan mendapatkan kriteria layak untuk masing-masing kriteria yaitu 78% dan 78,7% dan hasil dari ujicoba skala kecil dengan mendapatkan respon positif dan kriteria layak yaitu 75,5%

The study introduces special software which enables the increase in the efficiency of preparing source data and performing navigational calculations when planning the ground target impact effect of small-class unmanned air vehicles. We developed methods for measuring the coordinates of the impact points of the mock-up destruction means. As a result of integrating these methods, we managed to halve the time for determining the parameters of distribution of the overall mass mock-up destruction means of small class UCAV - free-falling uncontrolled containers, and also significantly increase the reliability of statistical data. The paper shows the unmanned combat air complex distribution patterns and accuracy characteristics obtained using the specified software during the factory tests which aimed at evaluating the accuracy of dumping the overall mass mock-up free-falling uncontrolled containers. The special software developed makes it possible to determine the required release of unmanned air vehicles and automate the preparation of reporting documentation

In this paper, we study splitting (or toric) non-commutative crepant resolutions (= NCCRs) of some toric rings. In particular, we consider Hibi rings, which are toric rings arising from partially ordered sets, and show that Gorenstein Hibi rings with class group $\mathbb{Z}^2$ have a splitting NCCR. In the appendix, we also discuss Gorenstein toric rings with class group $\mathbb{Z}$, in which case the existence of splitting NCCRs is already known. We especially observe the mutations of modules giving splitting NCCRs for the three dimensional case, and show the connectedness of the exchange graph., Comment: 20 pages, to appear in J. Pure Appl. Algebra, v2: major changes, in particular the structure of Section3 was changed for improving readability

We present an active-learning strategy for undergraduates that applies Bayesian analysis to candy-covered chocolate m&m’s®. The exercise is best suited for small class sizes and tutorial settings, after students have been introduced to the concepts of Bayesian statistics. The exercise takes advantage of the nonuniform distribution of m&m’s® colors, and the difference in distributions made at two different factories. In this paper, we provide the intended learning outcomes, lesson plan and step-by-step guide for instruction, and open-source teaching materials. We also suggest an extension to the exercise for the graduate level, which incorporates hierarchical Bayesian analysis.