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9 results on '"skin water loss"'

1. Transepidermal water loss and stratum corneum hydration in forearm versus hand palm.

Author

Mayrovitz, Harvey N.

Subjects
*FOREARM, *HYDRATION, *SKIN physiology, *YOUNG adults, *FAT, *WATER vapor
Abstract

Background: Skin measurements of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and stratum corneum hydration (SCH) reflect different aspects of skin physiology. Since epidermal water loss depends on epidermal‐to‐air water vapor gradients, a possible quantitative relationship between TEWL and SCH may exist. This investigation's purpose was to test the possible TEWL‐SCH relationship. Materials and Methods: SCH and TEWL were measured noninvasively on forearm and palmer thenar eminence (hand) in 40 young adults (20 males) along with total body fat percentage (FAT) via bioimpedance. Results: A significant positive nonlinear correlation (p < 0.001) was detected between SCH and TEWL in hands of the male cohort that occurred when SCH exceeded a threshold level. This threshold level was not exceeded in male or female forearms and forearms did not display a SCH‐TEWL correlation. There was a weak inverse dependence of TEWL on FAT on both forearm and hand (p < 0.05), but no SCH‐FAT relationship was observed. TEWL values on the forearm and hand were moderately correlated with each other (p = 0.002) but SCH values were not. Conclusion: The findings clarify the relationship between forearm and palmer hydration and TEWL values, and their relationship to total body fat percentages in young healthy adults. The significant correlation between palmer stratum corneum hydration and palmer TEWL that was discovered in the male but not the female cohort suggests a threshold hydration level for which TEWL depends both on skin barrier function and stratum corneum hydration. This implies that conditions with increased SCH may in part account for elevated TEWL values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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3. Wet-wrap treatment using dilutions of tacrolimus ointment and fluticasone propionate cream in human APOC1 (+/+) mice with atopic dermatitis

Author

Arnold P. Oranje, Errol P. Prens, R. Verbeek, I. Haspels, Perry Verzaal, Lex Nagelkerken, Dermatology, Erasmus MC other, and TNO Kwaliteit van Leven

Subjects
Allergy, Biomedical Research, Ointments, Atopy, Mice, Fluticasone, drug effect, article, Atopic dermatitis, skin water loss, surgical procedures, operative, priority journal, Models, Animal, histopathology, Disease Progression, disease severity, Apolipoprotein C, medicine.drug, medicine.medical_specialty, Transepidermal water loss, animal experiment, Mice, Transgenic, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, Dermatology, Tacrolimus, Fluticasone propionate, Mouse model, animal tissue, Dermatitis, Atopic, medicine, Animals, Humans, controlled study, Biology, mouse, Apolipoprotein C-I, nonhuman, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Emollients, fluticasone propionate, business.industry, animal model, Wet-wrap treatment, treatment response, apolipoprotein C1, medicine.disease, Bandages, clinical feature, skinfold thickness, Androstadienes, Calcineurin, drug formulation, occlusive dressing, weight reduction, business
Abstract

Background: Wet-wrap treatment (WWT) with diluted topical steroids is widely used in atopic dermatitis (AD). Mice with transgenic overexpression of human apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) in the liver and the skin are not only characterized by hyperlipidaemia and raised IgE levels, but also by pruritic dermatitis and a disturbed skin barrier function, providing a novel in vivo mouse model for AD. Objectives: We investigated an adapted WWT method in the AD model in APOC1 mice in order to establish its efficacy. Methods: The effect of topical 0.1% and 0.03% tacrolimus ointment, tacrolimus base ointment, different dilutions of 0.05% fluticasone propionate (FP) cream and emollient on the development of dermatitis in APOC1 mice was investigated. WWT was performed with 0.03% tacrolimus ointment or 0.017% FP cream. Results: AD in APOC1 mice responded to topical treatment with tacrolimus or FP. In contrast to tacrolimus treatment, FP treatment was associated with loss of body weight. WWT reinforced several therapeutic aspects, notably improvements in transepidermal water loss and in epidermal thickness. WWT using tacrolimus 0.03% ointment was more effective than WWT using FP 0.017% cream. Conclusions: AD in APOC1 mice responds to treatment with (diluted) tacrolimus or FP; treatment with FP cream, but not tacrolimus ointment, was associated with weight loss. In this study, the adapted WWT using tacrolimus or FP in mice had a limited improving effect as compared with open application of tacrolimus or FP. © 2008 The Authors.

Published
2009
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4. Evolution of the percutaneous penetration and distribution of uranyl nitrate as a function of skin-barrier integrity: An in vitro assessment

Author

F. Petitot, François Paquet, Anne-Marie Moreels, Laboratoire de radiotoxicologie et radiobiologie expérimentale (LRTOX), and Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)

Subjects
Male, Franz diffusion cell system, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Abrasion (medical), tissue distribution, Rats, Hairless, skin penetration, Toxicology, Hairless, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, rat, animal, injuries, Skin, thermoregulation, integumentary system, Histocytochemistry, diffusion, skin examination, article, risk assessment, methodology, General Medicine, simulation, skin water loss, 6. Clean water, dermis, nitric acid, medicine.anatomical_structure, cytochemistry, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Uranyl Nitrate, Water Loss, skin injury, hairless rat, Skin barrier, medicine.medical_specialty, in vitro study, Skin Absorption, animal experiment, Percutaneous penetration, In Vitro Techniques, animal tissue, histology, 03 medical and health sciences, skin abrasion, epidermis, Stratum corneum, medicine, Distribution (pharmacology), stratum corneum, Animals, controlled study, skin biopsy, Pharmacology, Transepidermal water loss, Chemical Health and Safety, nonhuman, skin barrier integrity, Rattus, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine.disease, Water Loss, Insensible, In vitro, Surgery, skinfold thickness, Rats, Uranyl nitrate, chemistry, physiology, Insensible, metabolism, Biomedical engineering
Abstract

As recommended by OECD Guidelines, percutaneous penetration studies consider intact skin, but rarely injured skin. Recent years have witnessed a growing concern for these two types of dermal exposure in the industry, particularly in the nuclear industry. The aim of this study was to show that a method based on an in vitro device can be used to realistically assess how skin-barrier alterations caused by occupational accidents can modify the percutaneous penetration and distribution of radionuclides, particularly uranium. Wounds encountered in the nuclear industry (i.e., nitric acid burns and abrasion) were simulated on hairless rat skin. Skin-barrier alterations were characterized by means of a histological study and by measuring transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin thickness. The percutaneous penetration of uranyl nitrate through intact or injured skin biopsies was then measured in vitro. The maximum uranium flux values obtained for intact skin, skin abrasion with stratum corneum removal, and skin exposed to 2 N HNO(3), 5 N HNO(3), and 14 N HNO(3) were, respectively, 0.6 +/- 0.02, 1.2 +/- 0.03, 1.2 +/- 0.04, 42.0 +/- 1.0, and 174.0 +/- 8.7 ng.cm(-2).h(-1). These results demonstrated that the percutaneous absorption of uranium increased with the increased impairment of the stratum corneum. TEWL, combined with maximum uranium flux values measured in vitro, yielded a good prediction of the percutaneous penetration of uranium through injured skin, previously observed in vivo. To conclude, this in vitro assay provides a conservative estimate of the percutaneous diffusion of uranium through intact or injured skin, making it a good alternative method for toxicological studies and risk assessments.

Published
2010
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5. Wet-wrap treatment using dilutions of tacrolimus ointment and fluticasone propionate cream in human APOC1 (+/+) mice with atopic dermatitis

Subjects
Biomedical Research, Transepidermal water loss, animal experiment, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, Dermatitis, Atopic, Transgenic, Tacrolimus, Mouse model, animal tissue, Dose-Response Relationship, Ointments, Mice, Models, Animals, Humans, controlled study, Biology, mouse, Atopic dermatitis, Apolipoprotein C-I, nonhuman, Emollients, fluticasone propionate, Animal, animal model, Wet-wrap treatment, drug effect, article, treatment response, apolipoprotein C1, skin water loss, Bandages, clinical feature, skinfold thickness, Androstadienes, drug formulation, surgical procedures, operative, priority journal, histopathology, Disease Progression, disease severity, occlusive dressing, weight reduction, Drug, Apolipoprotein C
Abstract

Background: Wet-wrap treatment (WWT) with diluted topical steroids is widely used in atopic dermatitis (AD). Mice with transgenic overexpression of human apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) in the liver and the skin are not only characterized by hyperlipidaemia and raised IgE levels, but also by pruritic dermatitis and a disturbed skin barrier function, providing a novel in vivo mouse model for AD. Objectives: We investigated an adapted WWT method in the AD model in APOC1 mice in order to establish its efficacy. Methods: The effect of topical 0.1% and 0.03% tacrolimus ointment, tacrolimus base ointment, different dilutions of 0.05% fluticasone propionate (FP) cream and emollient on the development of dermatitis in APOC1 mice was investigated. WWT was performed with 0.03% tacrolimus ointment or 0.017% FP cream. Results: AD in APOC1 mice responded to topical treatment with tacrolimus or FP. In contrast to tacrolimus treatment, FP treatment was associated with loss of body weight. WWT reinforced several therapeutic aspects, notably improvements in transepidermal water loss and in epidermal thickness. WWT using tacrolimus 0.03% ointment was more effective than WWT using FP 0.017% cream. Conclusions: AD in APOC1 mice responds to treatment with (diluted) tacrolimus or FP; treatment with FP cream, but not tacrolimus ointment, was associated with weight loss. In this study, the adapted WWT using tacrolimus or FP in mice had a limited improving effect as compared with open application of tacrolimus or FP. © 2008 The Authors.

Published
2009

6. A randomised controlled trial to compare the effect of 80% and 70% incubator humidity on the body temperature of infants born at 28 weeks gestation or less: Secondary outcomes.

Author

Medhurst A.M., Kong Y.S., Singh S., Tiong Y.L., Woo D., Cheung F., Cheong J.L.Y., Courtot J.E., Jolley D., Martin C., Kotsanas D., Medhurst A.M., Kong Y.S., Singh S., Tiong Y.L., Woo D., Cheung F., Cheong J.L.Y., Courtot J.E., Jolley D., Martin C., and Kotsanas D.

Abstract

Background: Nursing extremely preterm infants during the first weeks of life in a humidified incubator is beneficial in maintaining body temperature and decreasing transepidermal water losses. However, the optimal level of relative humidity is unclear. Method(s): This single-centre RCT compared the effect of 80% and 70% incubator humidity on the body temperature of infants born at <=28 weeks gestation. The secondary objectives included examining the effects of medical and nursing procedures on the body temperature; evaporative water losses; serum sodium levels; skin integrity; disease states; and incubator colonisation. Fifty infants were randomised to either 80% or 70% incubator humidity. Longitudinal data on the range of variables were collected. Means of both groups were compared using t-test. Result(s): The primary outcomes have been reported previously and demonstrated no significant differences in body temperature for both groups. There was no significant difference in the effects of medical and nursing procedures on body temperature between the two groups. The mean differences in total daily fluid requirement, daily serum sodium levels, body weights, and skin integrity between groups were not significant. Likewise, there was no significant difference in the rate of sepsis, patent ductus arteriosus, intraventricular haemorrhage and chronic lung disease. The cultures from inside walls of incubator showed little bacterial difference between the groups. Conclusion(s): For infants born at <=28 weeks, there is little evidence of a difference in body temperature and other selected clinical outcomes between 80% and 70% incubator humidity.

Published
2010

7. Skin irritation and corrosion

Author

Zuang, V., Alonso, M.A., Botham, P.A., Eskes, C., Fentem, J., Liebsch, M., Sandt, J.J.M. van de, and TNO Kwaliteit van Leven

Subjects
safety, in vitro study, Cell Survival, Endpoint Determination, Swine, Food and Chemical Risk Analysis, review, Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Cosmetics, acute toxicity, Animal Testing Alternatives, skin irritation, toxicity testing, Organ Culture Techniques, cell growth, Animals, Humans, Animalia, human, European Union, reproducibility, cosmetic, cell viability, Skin, standardization, corrosion, model, explant, pH measurement, electric resistance, skin water loss, Skin Irritancy Tests, skin culture, animal testing alternative, priority journal, validation process, Consumer Product Safety, chemical structure, Irritants, Chemistry Safety
Published
2005

8. Skin irritation and corrosion

Subjects
safety, in vitro study, Cell Survival, Endpoint Determination, Swine, Food and Chemical Risk Analysis, review, Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Cosmetics, acute toxicity, Animal Testing Alternatives, skin irritation, toxicity testing, Organ Culture Techniques, cell growth, Animals, Humans, Animalia, human, European Union, reproducibility, cosmetic, cell viability, Skin, standardization, corrosion, model, explant, pH measurement, electric resistance, skin water loss, Skin Irritancy Tests, skin culture, animal testing alternative, priority journal, validation process, Consumer Product Safety, chemical structure, Irritants, Chemistry Safety
Published
2005

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