111 results on '"sistema límbico"'
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2. EFECTO DEL SISTEMA LÍMBICO EN EL DESEMPEÑO ACADÉMICO DE LOS ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS DURANTE LAS EVALUACIONES ACADÉMICAS.
- Author
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Yaar Ariel, Cachi-Sinañi, Ibeth Claret, Huanca-Laura, and Marcela Daniela, Mollericona-Alfaro
- Abstract
Copyright of Revista Estudiantil AGRO - VET is the property of Universidad Mayor de San Andres, Facultad de Agronomia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
3. La Estructura Cerebral y la Religión: La Justificación- Validación de la Religión y Espiritualidad Cristiana desde el Funcionamiento Cerebral.
- Author
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Martín García, Rómulo San
- Subjects
BRAIN anatomy ,SOCIAL perception ,CHRISTIAN spirituality ,CEREBRAL cortex ,FAITH - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Internacional de Humanidades is the property of Common Ground Research Networks and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Crisis de pánico, un reto diagnóstico
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Martin Torres Z, Esther V. Perea C, Irma Caro C., and Luis Polo V.
- Subjects
Pánico ,Epilepsy ,Temporal Lobe ,Sistema límbico ,Alucinaciones (DeCS) ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
Las manifestaciones de pánico asociadas a la epilepsia del lóbulo temporal pueden ser difíciles de diferenciar de los ataques de pánico que hacen parte de los trastornos de ansiedad. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con crisis de pánico de difícil control médico, en la que fueron considerados en el diagnóstico diferencial estas dos entidades. Se describen las características clínicas específicas que permiten aproximarse al diagnóstico.
- Published
- 2023
5. Bases neurobiológicas de las emociones.
- Author
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Ensuncho Hoyos, Carlos and Aguilar Rivero, Gerardo
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BRAIN physiology ,BRAIN anatomy ,NEUROSCIENCES ,NEUROBIOLOGY ,LIMBIC system ,EMPATHY ,FEAR ,MENTAL depression ,EMOTIONS ,ANGER ,LOVE ,SADNESS - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Científica de Ciencias de la Salud is the property of Revista Cientifica de Ciencias de la Salud and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. LA EMOCIÓN COMO BASE DE LA RACIONALIDAD PRÁCTICA.
- Author
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García Alba, Pompeya Elvira
- Abstract
Copyright of Congreso Internacional de Investigacion Academia Journals is the property of PDHTech, LLC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
7. INFLUÊNCIA DO SISTEMA LÍMBICO NA CRONIFICAÇÃO DA DOR MUSCULOESQUELÉTICA.
- Author
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Matos de Souza, Milena, Silva Barbosa, Larissa Gessilda, Martins Barbosa, Ramon, and Nery dos Santos, Alan Carlos
- Subjects
- *
LIMBIC system , *MUSCULOSKELETAL pain , *CHRONIC pain , *DATABASE searching , *MUSCULOSKELETAL system - Abstract
Introduction: chronic pain is a recurrent condition in the world. Its aspects go far beyond the sensorial experience. Emotional factors, for example, have a great contribution in the painful amplification. Objective: To analyze the literature on the influence of the limbic system on the chronicity of musculoskeletal pain in adults. Methods: review of reviews, with studies published until June 2019, in the PubMed / Medline, EBSCO and VHL databases, the main keywords used were limbic system, chronic pain, musculoskeletal pain, emotions and adults. Revision studies were included in the study, without any language restrictions, which related the influence of the limbic system in the chronicity of pain. Results: the searches in the databases resulted in a total of 945 articles, after removing duplicate articles and with titles and s that did not fit the theme, 16 studies remained, which were thoroughly evaluated. After exclusions due to limitations, a total of 3 articles remained, describing the main corticolimbic regions and their influence on the chronicity of pain. Conclusion: due to the findings presented in this study, it is possible to conclude that structural and functional changes in corticolimbic regions have a great influence on the chronicity of pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
8. Las claves del neuromarketing ¿Mito o realidad?
- Author
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Zorrilla Calvo, María Pilar, F. CC. ECONOMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES, EKONOMIA ETA ENPRESA ZIENTZIEN F., Grado en Administración y Dirección de Empresas, Enpresen Administrazio eta Zuzendaritza, González Sabugo, Amán, Zorrilla Calvo, María Pilar, F. CC. ECONOMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES, EKONOMIA ETA ENPRESA ZIENTZIEN F., Grado en Administración y Dirección de Empresas, Enpresen Administrazio eta Zuzendaritza, and González Sabugo, Amán
- Abstract
[SPA] El reciente y acelerado avance de la neurociencia a nivel global, ha propiciado que existan diversas disciplinas que han querido aprovechar la tecnología y los conocimientos que la neurociencia ofrece. En este caso hemos decidido centrarnos en aquellas cuestiones de la neurociencia que se han aplicado dentro del mundo de la mercadotecnia; es decir, en el neuromarketing. El aumento de la comprensión sobre el funcionamiento de los aspectos cerebrales del consumidor, ha provocado un cambio de escenario sustancial en lo que al marketing se refiere. Y es que las organizaciones pueden conocer cuáles son aquellos estímulos neuronales que provocan las intenciones de compra y consumo. El neuromarketing es la herramienta mediante la cual muchos estudiosos del marketing han podido por fin entender las eternas cuestiones de las que no se tenían respuesta: • ¿Por qué los potenciales clientes actúan como actúan en las diferentes etapas de un proceso de compra? • ¿Qué es lo que realmente motiva al cerebro del consumidor? • ¿Cuáles son las herramientas que permiten a las organizaciones empresariales saber como funciona nuestro cerebro en situaciones de consumo?, [ENG] The recent and accelerated advance of neuroscience at a global level has led to the existence of various disciplines that have take advantage of the technology and knowledge that neuroscience offers. In this case, we have decided to focus on those neuroscience issues that have been applied within the world of marketing, i.e. neuromarketing. The increased understanding in the operation of the brain aspects of the consumer has caused a substantial change in the marketing scenario. And the fact is that organizations can now know which neural stimulations trigger purchase and consumption intentions. Neuromarketing is the tool through which many marketing academics have finally been able to understand the eternal questions that had no answer: • Why do potential customers act the way they do at different stages of the buying process? • What really motivates the consumer's brain? • What are the tools that allow brands to know how our brains work in consumption scenarios?
- Published
- 2022
9. Neuroanatomia do medo em mamíferos.
- Author
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Gneiding, Beatriz, Oliveira Gneiding, José Eduardo Basilio, Lucioli, Joelma, Romani Bonotto, Daniela, da Silva, Bruna Carvalho, and Jose Gomes, Carlos
- Abstract
Copyright of Revista Acadêmica: Ciência Animal is the property of Revista Academica: Ciencia Animal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Ganglios Basales y Conducta.
- Author
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Ospina-García, Natalia, Pérez-Lohman, Christian, Vargas-Jaramillo, Juan Diego, Cervantes-Arriaga, Amin, and Rodríguez-Violante, Mayela
- Abstract
Historically, the function of the basal ganglia has been a subject of debate and study. Initially it was proposed that these structures participated exclusively on the motor behavior; however, the current body of knowledge and science progress, allows to understand that these structures, and their connections, are determinant not only on motor behavior, but also in cognition and emotions. The present review describes the neuroanatomic and functional basis of the basal ganglia, emphasizing both the traditional schemes and the most recent models including sensorimotor, associative and limbic circuits, along with the relevance of reward systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
11. ¿Lo racional del ser humano es una entelequia? Las emociones y el aprendizaje.
- Author
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Gonzalez Sarmiento, Olga
- Abstract
Copyright of Consensus (16803817) is the property of Universidad Femenina del Sagrado Corazon and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
12. La Técnica de Klingler para la visualización del hipotálamo, a 42 años de su descripción original en nuestro país.
- Author
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Jiménez-Ruiz, Amado and Ruiz-Razura, Adriana
- Abstract
The development of neuroscience, especially the use of magnetic resonance imaging has evolved descriptive neuroanatomy to a radiological point of view, with excellent results. However, gross anatomical dissection, will always be the best way to visualize the different central nervous system structures, to learn basic morphology, understand function and its correlation with pathological processes. We analyze a book that was published in 1974 at Universidad de Guadalajara where the author exemplifies the visualization of the hypothalamus through Dr. Josef Klingler´s technique. Although published 42 years ago, it is still current today. We hope this article encourages the new generation of neuroscience students to learn the roots of the classic teachings of neuroanatomy in its most basic and primary form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
13. Inconsistencia de la dimensión analítica-empírica desde la conformación cerebral cognitiva
- Author
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Rómulo Ignacio San Martín García
- Subjects
Inteligencia cristalizada ,inteligencia uida ,sistema límbico ,empirismo ,analítico ,Education (General) ,L7-991 ,Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 - Abstract
Hay una inconsistencia de la perspectiva analítica losó ca de frente a la estructura cerebral; ésta es más que regresión hacia los átomos del conocimiento, que para los analíticos clásicos está en el exterior. A la arquitectura cognitiva cerebral se la puede vislumbrar como un todo sintético que conjunta las dimensiones internas de la naturaleza humana con la externa, es decir que toma en cuenta tanto la exterioridad como la naturalidad y parte de ambas; en efecto el ordenamiento inteligente sabe bordar lo instintivo y límbico con los datos que le da la sensorialidad y a su vez lo instintivo-límbico en lo lingüístico-lógico y lo sensorial en lo lingüístico-lógico para la plani cación y la decisión, elementos muy propios y al mismo tiempo simultáneos en la estructura cerebral. Por lo tanto, el absolutizar la analítica es realmente una reducción del conocimiento, más aún, la reducción del signi cado de los contenidos a los hechos y a la materia, es un contradictorio cerebral, por la naturaleza misma de su estructura que no parcializa ni reduce nada como si es el caso de lo analítico. El empirismo clásico y el del siglo pasado delante de los estudios de la estructura y funcionamiento del cerebro, resulta ser parcial, pues poseen una estructura reduccionista que se asimila totalitaria. No es que sea inválido totalmente, sino que es parcialmente válido, es decir que, si se analizan los contenidos desde la sensorialidad cerebral, es más o menos coherente, pero actualmente, quedarse sólo en ese campo e interpretación, e impertinencia cognitiva.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Las claves del neuromarketing ¿Mito o realidad?
- Author
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González Sabugo, Amán, Zorrilla Calvo, María Pilar, F. CC. ECONOMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES, EKONOMIA ETA ENPRESA ZIENTZIEN F., Grado en Administración y Dirección de Empresas, and Enpresen Administrazio eta Zuzendaritza
- Subjects
cognitive functions ,mercadotecnia ,reptilian brain ,neuroscience ,limbic system ,consumo ,cerebro reptiliano ,sistema límbico ,consumption ,neuromarketing ,neurociencia ,funciones cognitivas ,neocórtex - Abstract
[SPA] El reciente y acelerado avance de la neurociencia a nivel global, ha propiciado que existan diversas disciplinas que han querido aprovechar la tecnología y los conocimientos que la neurociencia ofrece. En este caso hemos decidido centrarnos en aquellas cuestiones de la neurociencia que se han aplicado dentro del mundo de la mercadotecnia; es decir, en el neuromarketing. El aumento de la comprensión sobre el funcionamiento de los aspectos cerebrales del consumidor, ha provocado un cambio de escenario sustancial en lo que al marketing se refiere. Y es que las organizaciones pueden conocer cuáles son aquellos estímulos neuronales que provocan las intenciones de compra y consumo. El neuromarketing es la herramienta mediante la cual muchos estudiosos del marketing han podido por fin entender las eternas cuestiones de las que no se tenían respuesta: • ¿Por qué los potenciales clientes actúan como actúan en las diferentes etapas de un proceso de compra? • ¿Qué es lo que realmente motiva al cerebro del consumidor? • ¿Cuáles son las herramientas que permiten a las organizaciones empresariales saber como funciona nuestro cerebro en situaciones de consumo? [ENG] The recent and accelerated advance of neuroscience at a global level has led to the existence of various disciplines that have take advantage of the technology and knowledge that neuroscience offers. In this case, we have decided to focus on those neuroscience issues that have been applied within the world of marketing, i.e. neuromarketing. The increased understanding in the operation of the brain aspects of the consumer has caused a substantial change in the marketing scenario. And the fact is that organizations can now know which neural stimulations trigger purchase and consumption intentions. Neuromarketing is the tool through which many marketing academics have finally been able to understand the eternal questions that had no answer: • Why do potential customers act the way they do at different stages of the buying process? • What really motivates the consumer's brain? • What are the tools that allow brands to know how our brains work in consumption scenarios?
- Published
- 2022
15. As bases neuroanatômicas do comportamento: histórico e contribuições recentes Neuroanatomical basis of behavior: history and recent contributions
- Author
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Guilherme Carvalhal Ribas
- Subjects
Neuroanatomia ,Comportamento ,Sistema límbico ,Gânglios da base ,Córtex cerebral ,Neuroanatomy ,Behavior ,Limbic system ,Basal ganglia ,Cerebral cortex ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Tendo em vista as mais recentes contribuições, as áreas corticais límbicas - originalmente denominadas em conjunto de grande lobo límbico -, além dos giros do cíngulo e parahipocampal, são constituídas pelas regiões mais posteriores do córtex fronto-orbitário e pelo córtex insular. Em contraposição ao restante do córtex cerebral, que se projeta sobre os gânglios da base (particularmente sobre as porções mais dorsais e mais extensas do striatum, constituídas fundamentalmente pelo núcleo caudado e pelo putame), as áreas corticais límbicas se caracterizam por se projetarem principalmente sobre o hipotálamo e também sobre a porção mais ventral do striatum (principalmente sobre o núcleo accumbens). Uma vez que todo o striatum se projeta para o globo pálido - e este para o tálamo, que se projeta para o córtex cerebral, constituindo-se, assim, circuitos córtico-subcorticais reentrantes -, tem-se que, enquanto as alças relacionadas com o striatum e o pallidum dorsais são responsáveis por atividades e rotinas motoras, as alças relacionadas com o striatum e o pallidum ventrais caracterizam circuitos córtico-subcorticais reentrantes e segregados que se relacionam particularmente com funções comportamentais. A amígdala estendida (amígdala centromedial, componente dorsal ou estria terminal, componente ventral e núcleo da estria terminal), por sua vez, também recebe aferências de todas as áreas corticais límbicas, é particularmente modulada pelas áreas corticais pré-frontais e, ao invés de se projetar sobre o striatum, projeta-se diretamente sobre o hipotálamo e o tronco encefálico. Ao receber também conexões diretas do tálamo, a amígdala estendida pode ainda desencadear respostas principalmente autonômicas, de forma inespecífica, porém rápida, através da ativação de centros do tronco encefálico. Os sistemas macro-anatômicos fronto-basais, estriatal-palidal ventral e amígdala estendida, em conjunto com o núcleo basal de Meynert e com o sistema septo-banda diagonal, constituem as principais estruturas e sistemas que possuem conexões com as áreas corticais límbicas e que, em conjunto com estas, atuam sobre o hipotálamo e o tronco encefálico que, por sua vez, geram os componentes autonômicos, endócrinos e somatomotores das experiências emocionais e que regulam as atividades básicas de beber, comer e pertinentes ao comportamento sexual.Considering the most recent contributions, the limbic cortical areas, originally known as the greater limbic lobe, besides the cingulated and the parahippocampal gyri also includes the insula and the posterior orbital cortex. In contrast to the nonlimbic cortical areas that project to the basal ganglia (particularly over the dorsal aspects of the striatum, constituted by the caudate nucleus and by the putamen), the limbic cortical areas are characterized by projecting to the hypothalamus and also to the ventral striatum (particularly to the nucleus accumbens). Once all the striatum projects to the globus pallidus which projects to the thalamus and then to the cortex, generating cortical-subcortical reentrant circuits, while the dorsal striatum and pallidum related cortico-subcortical loops are involved with motor activities, the ventral cortical-striatal-pallidal system is particularly related with behavior functions. The extended amygdala (central medial amygdala, stria terminalis or dorsal component, ventral component, and bed nucleus of stria terminalis) receives inputs primarily from the limbic cortical areas, is particularly modulated by the prefrontal cortex, and receives also direct connections from the thalamus that enables the amygdala to generate nonspecific and quick responses through its projections to the hypothalamus and to the brainstem. The ventral striatal-pallidal and the extended amygdala are then two basal forebrain macro-anatomical systems, that together with the basal nucleus of Meynert and with the septal-diagonal band system, constitute the main structures that are particularly connected with the limbic cortical areas, and that altogether project to the hypothalamus and to the brainstem which give rise to the autonomic, endocrine and somatosensory components of the emotional experiences, and that regulate the basic activities of drinking, eating, and related to the sexual behavior.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Considerações sobre a evolução filogenética do sistema nervoso, o comportamento e a emergência da consciência Considerations about the nervous system phylogenetic evolution, behavior, and the emergence of consciousness
- Author
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Guilherme Carvalhal Ribas
- Subjects
Filogenia ,Neuroanatomia ,Sistema límbico ,Manifestações neurocomportamentais ,Estado de consciência ,Phylogeny ,Neuroanatomy ,Limbic system ,Neurobehavioral manifestations ,Consciousness ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Tendo como base dados de literatura, esta revisão trata dos aspectos genéricos da evolução filogenética do sistema nervoso central, ressaltando em particular o desenvolvimento evolutivo das estruturas encefálicas relacionadas com o comportamento e com as funções cognitivas que vieram caracterizar o ser humano. Sobre as estruturas límbicas, que por ocasião do advento dos mamíferos evolutivamente se desenvolveram sobre o topo do sistema nervoso mais primitivo dos seus ancestrais, o ulterior desenvolvimento cortical com neurônios dispostos em camadas constituiu a base estrutural que viabilizou a discriminação fina das funções sensitivas e sensoriais, a maior complexidade das funções motoras e o desenvolvimento das funções cognitivas e intelectuais que acabaram caracterizando o ser humano. O conhecimento da evolução filogenética do sistema nervoso central nos permite inferir possíveis correlações entre as estruturas encefálicas que se desenvolveram ao longo do processo evolutivo e o comportamento dos seus respectivos seres. Nesta direção, sem se deter em questões de ordem conceitual, a presente revisão termina discutindo possíveis paralelos entre a evolução do sistema nervoso central e a emergência da consciência, à luz das recentes contribuições sobre o assunto.This text reviews the generic aspects of the central nervous system evolutionary development, emphasizing the developmental features of the brain structures related with behavior and with the cognitive functions that finally characterized the human being. Over the limbic structures that with the advent of mammals were developed on the top of the primitive nervous system of their ancestrals, the ultimate cortical development with neurons arranged in layers constituted the structural base for an enhanced sensory discrimination, for more complex motor activities, and for the development of cognitive and intellectual functions that finally characterized the human being. The knowledge of the central nervous system phylogeny allow us particularly to infer possible correlations between the brain structures that were developed along phylogeny and the behavior of their related beings. In this direction, without discussing its conceptual aspects, this review ends with a discussion about the central nervous system evolutionary development and the emergence of consciousness, in the light of its most recent contributions.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. A dimensão da amígdala cerebral e a agressividade no touro de lide.
- Author
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Gouveia, A . J ., Orge, L ., and Carvalho, P .
- Abstract
Aggressive behaviour control of both animals and humans, seems to be dependent on several brain areas, such as the orbitofrontal and prefrontal cortex, part of the hippocampus and the amygdala. This study evaluated the morphology and size of the brain, as well as fighting bulls' amygdala in comparison to beef cattle, in order to verify a putative association of this brain structure with aggressive behaviour modulation in fighting bulls. The authors assessed the morphology and dimensions of the brain and amygdala in 120 bovines, 60 fighting bulls and 60 crossbred beef cattle, and correlated the size of the amygdala with the behaviour presented by fighting bulls during Portuguese bullfighting. The two groups showed differences concerning cerebral hemispheres conformation, brain weight/carcass weight ratio and amygdala size. The latter was remarkably smaller in fighting bulls than in beef cattle. Moreover, it was demonstrated that fighting bulls with an smaller amygdala size presented a higher bullfighting ability than those showing an inappropriate behaviour for bullfighting. Thus, this anatomical feature may contribute to the different modulation of behavioural patterns displayed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. EL USO DEL MODELO FARMACOLÓGICO BASADO EN LA ADMINISTRACIÓN EXPERIMENTAL DE MK-801, PARA LA REVISIÓN Y RE-DEFINICIÓN DEL SISTEMA LÍMBICO EN EL CONTEXTO DE LA ANÁTOMO-PATOLOGÍA
- Author
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Adrián Marcelo Bueno and Soledad de Olmos
- Subjects
MK-801 ,Muerte neuronal ,Sistema Límbico ,Modelo de Neuropatología ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
El efecto neurotóxico inducido en el sistema límbico de ratas por el tratamiento agudo con MK-801, afecta a todas las áreas del lóbulo límbico, como la corteza olfatoria, la amígdala baso-lateral, el sistema hipocampal, la corteza del cíngulo y regiones específicas de la corteza frontal e insular (allo-corticales y meso-corticales). En contraste, los núcleos sub-corticales habitualmente incluidos en el sistema límbico, como la amígdala extendida, el sistema estriado-palidal ventral, el área septal, el tálamo y el hipotálamo, no evidencian muerte neuronal. Los resultados anátomo-patológicos sugieren que las áreas del lóbulo límbico comparten características comunes, y soporta la idea de una unidad funcional que es diferente, dentro del sistema límbico, de otras regiones “límbicas” sub-corticales. Esto apoya la consideración de un lóbulo límbico compuesto estrictamente por áreas allo-corticales y meso-corticales del telencéfalo e implica la necesidad de re-definir el clásico y amplio concepto de “sistema límbico”.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. La motivación en el área de Expresión Plástica
- Author
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Inés López-Manrique, Juan Carlos San Pedro-Veledo, and Carmen González-González de Mesa
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Estrategias de Motivación ,Educación Artística ,Sistema Límbico ,Motivación intrínseca ,Motivación extrínseca ,Fine Arts ,Visual arts ,N1-9211 - Abstract
El presente artículo desarrolla la cuestión de la motivación en el área de Expresión Plástica. El texto se divide en tres partes. En la primera de ellas nos centramos en explicar el mecanismo de la motivación y su presencia en el ámbito educativo. En la segunda abordamos la cuestión de la motivación en Educación Artística aportando los datos de estudios experimentales y las opiniones de expertos del área. Por último incluimos una síntesis de las estrategias y recursos más frecuentes para potenciar la motivación en Educación Artística, distinguiendo entre estrategias para el alumnado y el profesorado.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Reward and aversión systems of the brain as a functional unit. Basic mechanisms and functions.
- Author
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Michel-Chávez, Anaclara, Estañol-Vidal, Bruno, Sentíes-Madrid, Horacio, Chiquete, Erwin, Delgado, Guillermo R., and Castillo-Maya, Guillermina
- Subjects
- *
REWARD (Psychology) , *AVERSION , *BRAIN physiology , *DOPAMINERGIC mechanisms , *LIMBIC system , *PLEASURE - Abstract
Introduction It is increasingly important to recognize the reward and aversion systems of the brain as a functional unit. A fundamental task of the mammalian brain is to assign an emotional/motivational valence to any stimuli by determining whether they are rewarding and should be approached or are aversive and should be avoided. Internal stimuli are also assigned an emotional/motivational valence in a similar fashion. Objective To understand the basic mechanisms and functions of the reward and aversion system of the brain. Method A bibliographical search was conducted in the Pubmed database using different key words. Documents on relevant aspects of the topic were selected. Results In the ventral tegmental area, dopaminergic (VTA-DA) neurons play a role in reward-dependent behaviors. It is also known that the inhibition of the VTA-DA neurons by GABAergic neurons contributes to a reward prediction error calculation that promotes behaviors associated with aversion. The ventral dopaminergic mesolimbic system and the nucleus accumbens are activated during reward and inhibited during aversions. The amygdala is activated during aversive behavior. Discussion and conclusion The reward/aversion system is highly relevant for survival, which is most likely its primary function. It is involved in important pathologies such as addiction, depression and autonomic and endocrine disturbances. Therefore, its knowledge has become of clinical importance. Although great advances have been made in the knowledge of the basic mechanisms of the reward/aversion system, the detailed circuits within the VTA that mediate reward and aversion and the anatomical substrates are not completely clear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Involvement of corticotrophin-releasing factor neurotransmission in the lateral hypothalamus in baroreflex function in rats
- Author
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Reis-Silva, Lilian Liz and Crestani, Carlos Cesar
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Limbic system ,Técnica de análise de sequência ,Oxford technique ,Índice de eficácia barorreflexa ,Baroreflex efficacy index ,FISIOLOGIA [CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS] ,Cardiovascular ,Corticotropin-releasing factor ,Sequence analysis technique ,Sistema límbico ,Fator de liberação de corticotrofina - Abstract
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) The lateral hypothalamus (LH) is a diencephalic structure that has been considered part of the central circuitry regulating the baroreflex function. However, the local neurochemical mechanisms involved in baroreflex control by this hypothalamic area are poorly understood. Therefore, in the present study we investigated the role of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neurotransmission within the LH acting via local CRF1 and CRF2 receptors in cardiac baroreflex responses in unanesthetized rats. For this, the baroreflex activity was assessed using two approaches: i) the pharmacological approach via intravenous infusion of vasoactive agents, and ii) the sequence analysis technique that evaluates reflex responses during spontaneous arterial pressure variations. The sequence analysis technique indicated that LH treatment with the selective CRF1 receptor antagonist CP376395 decreased the baroreflex effectiveness index, whereas the selective CRF2 receptor antagonist antisauvagine-30 increased the reflex shortening of pulse interval during spontaneous arterial pressure decreases. However, the pharmacological approach did not indicate effect of the bilateral microinjection of either CP376395 or antisauvagine-30 into the LH in the tachycardia evoked by blood pressure decrease or the reflex bradycardia caused by blood pressure increase. Overall, these findings indicate that CRF neurotransmission within the LH controls baroreflex function during a narrow range of physiological arterial pressure variations, but without affecting reflex responses during pronounced arterial pressure changes. Besides, results provide evidence that CRF1 and CRF2 receptors in the LH oppositely modulate the spontaneous baroreflex activity through different mechanisms. O hipotálamo lateral (HL) é uma estrutura diencefálica que tem sido considerada parte do circuito central que regula a função barorreflexa. No entanto, os mecanismos neuroquímicos locais envolvidos no controle do barorreflexo por essa área hipotalâmica são pouco compreendidos. Portanto, no presente estudo nós investigamos o papel da neurotransmissão do fator liberador de corticotrofina (do inglês, CRF) no HL atuando via receptores CRF1 e CRF2 nas respostas barorreflexas cardíacas em ratos não-anestesiados. Para isso, a atividade barorreflexa foi avaliada por meio de duas abordagens: i) a abordagem farmacológica, por meio da infusão intravenosa de agentes vasoativos, e ii) a técnica de análise de sequência, que avalia as respostas reflexas durante as variações espontâneas da pressão arterial. A técnica de análise de sequência indicou que o tratamento do HL com o antagonista seletivo do receptor CRF1 (CP376395) diminuiu o índice de efetividade do barorreflexo, enquanto o antagonista seletivo do receptor CRF2 (antisalvagina-30) aumentou o encurtamento reflexo do intervalo de pulso durante diminuições espontâneas da pressão arterial. No entanto, a abordagem farmacológica não indicou efeito da microinjeção bilateral de CP376395 ou antisalvagina-30 no HL na taquicardia evocada pela redução da pressão arterial ou na bradicardia causada pelo aumento da pressão arterial. Em suma, esses achados indicam que a neurotransmissão CRFérgica no HL controla as respostas reflexas geradas por variações fisiológicas da pressão arterial, mas não está envolvida no controle barorreflexo durante alterações pronunciadas da pressão arterial. Além disso, os resultados fornecem evidências de que os receptores CRF1 e CRF2 presentes no HL modulam de forma oposta a atividade barorreflexa espontânea por meio de diferentes mecanismos. CNPq: 304108/2018-9
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- 2021
22. Apatia multimodal iatrogênica Multimodal apathy: a unique effect of antidepressant therapy at the neurological-psychiatric interface
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Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza and Wagner Martignoni de Figueiredo
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antidepressivos ,apatia ,sistema límbico ,abulia ,avolição ,antidepressants ,apathy ,limbic system ,avolition ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
O presente trabalho documenta um efeito peculiar dos antidepressivos em 5 pacientes - a apatia -, definida pela incapacidade de experimentar emoções. O reconhecimento da apatia no curso de tratamento antidepressivo deve levantar a possibilidade de iatrogenia e suspensão do antidepressivo em uso. Frizamos que a apatia deve ser diferenciada da abulia e da avolição, com as quais é comumente contundida. Documentamos que a indiferença emocional pode se confinar a um domínio sensorial ("apatia unimodal") ou, como em nossos casos, a mais de uma modalidade ("apatia multimodal"). Circuitos anterobasais, centrados na amígdala e no pólo temporal, são fortes candidatos para integrar a experiência emocional às imagens mentais e percepções multimodais do ambiente, uma vez que para eles convergem os principais sistemas de projeção do prosencéfalo, ao mesmo tempo em que se situam em pontos estratégicos para modular o córtex pré-frontal e parieto-têmporo-occipital. O fato de que a apatia foi produzida por classes quimicamente distintas, como ISRSs (inibidores seletivos de recaptação da serotonina), IMAOs (inibidores reversíveis da monoamino oxidase) e tricíclicos, indica que a fisiopatologia em jogo se deve a alguma ação compartilhada por essas drogas no plano subneuronal. A intervenção em circuitos serotoninérgicos cerebrais parece o mecanismo mais adequado para explicar tal efeito.The present paper reports on five patients who developed apathy as a peculiar side effect of antidepressants. Their behavioral and psychopathological changes were primarily due to the near-absence of emotional experience, a key characteristic that distinguishes apathy from avolition and abulia. The emergence of apathy in the course of an antidepressant treatment should raise the suspicion of an adverse effect of the drug and lead to its prompt withdrawal. A sample of the relevant clinical evidence favoring the distinction of apathy confined to a single sensory domain ("unimodal apathy") from apathy confined to more than one sensory realm ("multimodal apathy") is reviewed. From a pathophysiological standpoint, it would appear that neural nets centered in the amygdala-temporo polar cortex are critical for the integration of sensory perceptions and mental imagery with appropriate emotional tone and quality as well as with their accompanying somatic markers, as they receive afferents from the major projection systems of the prosencephalon and lie in nodes strategic to modify the ongoing activity of multiple parallel brain systems. The fact that one common symptom can be produced by such a heterogeneous family of substances points to a shared neurochemical mechanism of action. At present, discrete cerebral serotoninergic circuits would appear to be suitable candidates for such a role. Cases as these may be critical for the understanding of the cerebral organization of emotions in man, lending support to the notion that distinct neurochemical systems mediate discrete psychopathological symptoms.
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- 1996
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23. El efecto del maquillaje sobre las emociones y la percepción de la beleza
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Nuevo, Patrícia de Souza, Crestani, Sandra, and Ribas, João Luiz Coelho
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Emotion ,Sentimiento ,Maquiagem ,Simetria ,Sistema límbico ,Simetría ,Symmetry ,Maquillaje ,Limbic system ,Sentimento ,Emoción ,Feelings ,Makeup ,Emoção - Abstract
A personal image is a key factor in communication and socialization of the individuals and exerts a positive influence on self-esteem when it is aligned with a positive self-image. In light of this, the purpose of this literature review is to explore the effects of makeup on brain activity and the neurobiology of emotions. Makeup is a device used every day by several people, and its use can be regarded as a widespread and long-standing practice that strengthens the self-esteem of many women by providing them with a feeling of security that enhances their image of themselves. It can be inferred that since makeup serves to highlight someone´s beauty, (and bearing in mind that beauty is an all-embracing concept), it may well closely related to the emotions. A number of studies have aimed at exploring our perception of someone wearing makeup, and how this affects our understanding, as well as the procedures involved in its application and its possible effects. In particular, the relationship between makeup, self-esteem, emotions and the brain cells which are involved in emotions and the way which they are expressed may be highlighted. La imagen personal es un factor clave en la comunicación y socialización de los individuos y ejerce una influencia positiva en la autoestima cuando se alinea con una autoimagen positiva. A la luz de esto, el propósito de esta revisión de la literatura es explorar los efectos de la composición en la actividad cerebral y la neurobiología de las emociones. El maquillaje es un dispositivo que utilizan todos los días varias personas, y su uso puede considerarse como una práctica extendida y de larga data que fortalece la autoestima de muchas mujeres al brindarles una sensación de seguridad que realza la imagen de sí mismas. Se puede inferir que, dado que el maquillaje sirve para resaltar la belleza de alguien (y teniendo en cuenta que la belleza es un concepto omnipresente), bien puede estar íntimamente relacionado con las emociones. Varios estudios han tenido como objetivo explorar nuestra percepción de alguien que usa maquillaje y cómo esto afecta nuestra comprensión, así como los procedimientos involucrados en su aplicación y sus posibles efectos. En particular, se puede destacar la relación entre el maquillaje, la autoestima, las emociones y las células cerebrales que intervienen en las emociones y la forma en que se expresan. A imagem pessoal é um fator chave na comunicação e socialização dos indivíduos e exerce uma influência positiva na autoestima quando está alinhada com uma autoimagem positiva. Diante disso, o objetivo desta revisão da literatura é explorar os efeitos da maquiagem na atividade cerebral e na neurobiologia das emoções. A maquiagem é um dispositivo usado diariamente por várias pessoas, e seu uso pode ser considerado uma prática difundida e antiga que fortalece a autoestima de muitas mulheres ao proporcionar-lhes uma sensação de segurança que valoriza a imagem de si mesmas. Pode-se inferir que, uma vez que a maquiagem serve para realçar a beleza de alguém (e tendo em vista que a beleza é um conceito abrangente), ela pode estar intimamente relacionada às emoções. Uma série de estudos tem como objetivo explorar a nossa percepção de alguém que usa maquiagem, e como isso afeta nossa compreensão, bem como os procedimentos envolvidos em sua aplicação e seus possíveis efeitos. Em particular, pode ser destacada a relação entre a composição, a autoestima, as emoções e as células cerebrais que estão envolvidas nas emoções e a forma como se expressam.
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- 2021
24. Efectos nocivos del consumo prolongado de alcohol sobre el sistema nervioso central.
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Cristóvão-Calado, Joel Maradona, Broche-Pérez, Yunier, and Rodríguez-Méndez, Leonardo
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CENTRAL nervous system , *CEREBELLUM , *ALCOHOL drinking , *ETHANOL , *FRONTAL lobe , *LIMBIC system , *NEUROPSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Alcohol is a drug of high consumption globally. In the case of humans, there are many consequences of excessive alcohol consumption vary according to sex, body weight, speed ingestion, the size of the dose, among other factors. Currently there are no doubts about the negative impact of alcohol on the Central Nervous System (CNS) there are several hypotheses about the specific action of this substance on brain functioning. Objective: the authors conducted a review of the current state of scientific literature concerning the effects of alcohol on the CNS and neuropsychological consequences associated with their consumption. Results: currently there are several models that attempt to explain the mechanisms of action of alcohol on the brain standing models based on individual characteristics of alcoholics and models based on the vulnerability of brain systems. Within the areas that are most affected by this substance are the prefrontal structures and cerebellum. Conclusions: there is strong empirical evidence demonstrating the harmful structural and functional effects caused by alcohol on the central nervous system, primarily because of its systematic consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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25. E-motividade: o impacto social da Internet como um sistema límbico.
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DE KERCKHOVE, DERRICK
- Abstract
Copyright of MATRIZes is the property of Universidade de Sao Paulo, Programa de Pos Graduacao em Ciencias da Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2015
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- View/download PDF
26. ENIGMA-anxiety working group: Rationale for and organization of large-scale neuroimaging studies of anxiety disorders
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Bas-Hoogendam, J. M., Groenewold, N. A., Aghajani, M., Freitag, G. F., Harrewijn, A., Hilbert, K., Jahanshad, N., Thomopoulos, S. I., Thompson, P. M., Veltman, D. J., Winkler, A. M., Lueken, U., Pine, D. S., van der Wee, N. J. A., Stein, D. J., Agosta, F., Ahs, F., An, I., Alberton, B. A. V., Andreescu, C., Asami, T., Assaf, M., Avery, S. N., Nicholas, L., Balderston, Barber, J. P., Battaglia, M., Bayram, A., Beesdo-Baum, K., Benedetti, F., Berta, R., Bjorkstrand, J., Blackford, J. U., Blair, J. R., Karina, S., Blair, Boehme, S., Brambilla, P., Burkhouse, K., Cano, M., Canu, E., Cardinale, E. M., Cardoner, N., Clauss, J. A., Cividini, C., Critchley, H. D., Udo, Dannlowski, Deckert, J., Demiralp, T., Diefenbach, G. J., Domschke, K., Doruyter, A., Dresler, T., Erhardt, A., Fallgatter, A. J., Fananas, L., Brandee, Feola, Filippi, C. A., Filippi, M., Fonzo, G. A., Forbes, E. E., Fox, N. A., Fredrikson, M., Furmark, T., Ge, T., Gerber, A. J., Gosnell, S. N., Grabe, H. J., Grotegerd, D., Gur, R. E., Gur, R. C., Harmer, C. J., Harper, J., Heeren, A., Hettema, J., Hofmann, D., Hofmann, S. G., Jackowski, A. P., Andreas, Jansen, Kaczkurkin, A. N., Kingsley, E., Kircher, T., Kosti c, M., Kreifelts, B., Krug, A., Larsen, B., Lee, S. -H., Leehr, E. J., Leibenluft, E., Lochner, C., Maggioni, E., Makovac, E., Mancini, M., Manfro, G. G., Mansson, K. N. T., Meeten, F., Michalowski, J., Milrod, B. L., Muhlberger, A., Lilianne, R., Mujica-Parodi, Munjiza, A., Mwangi, B., Myers, M., Igor Nenadi, C., Neufang, S., Nielsen, J. A., Oh, H., Ottaviani, C., Pan, P. M., Pantazatos, S. P., Martin, P., Paulus, Perez-Edgar, K., Penate, W., Perino, M. T., Peterburs, J., Pfleiderer, B., Phan, K. L., Poletti, S., Porta-Casteras, D., Price, R. B., Pujol, J., Andrea, Reinecke, Rivero, F., Roelofs, K., Rosso, I., Saemann, P., Salas, R., Salum, G. A., Satterthwaite, T. D., Schneier, F., Schruers, K. R. J., Schulz, S. M., Schwarzmeier, H., Seeger, F. R., Smoller, J. W., Soares, J. C., Stark, R., Stein, M. B., Straube, B., Straube, T., Strawn, J. R., Suarez-Jimenez, B., Boris, Suchan, Sylvester, C. M., Talati, A., Tamburo, E., Tukel, R., van den Heuvel, O. A., Van der Auwera, S., van Nieuwenhuizen, H., van Tol, M. -J., van Velzen, L. S., Bort, C. V., Vermeiren, R. R. J. M., Visser, R. M., Volman, I., Wannemuller, A., Wendt, J., Werwath, K. E., Westenberg, P. M., Wiemer, J., Katharina, Wittfeld, M. -J., Wu, Yang, Y., Zilverstand, A., Zugman, A., Zwiebel, H. L., Bas-Hoogendam, J. M., Groenewold, N. A., Aghajani, M., Freitag, G. F., Harrewijn, A., Hilbert, K., Jahanshad, N., Thomopoulos, S. I., Thompson, P. M., Veltman, D. J., Winkler, A. M., Lueken, U., Pine, D. S., van der Wee, N. J. A., Stein, D. J., ENIGMA-anxiety working, Group, Filippi, M, and UCL - SSH/IPSY - Psychological Sciences Research Institute
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Córtex pré-frontal ,Review Article ,Anxiety ,Prefrontal cortex ,Specific phobia ,0302 clinical medicine ,limbic system ,magnetic resonance imaging ,Multicenter Studies as Topic ,genetics ,Review Articles ,prefrontal cortex ,neuroimaging ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,05 social sciences ,Social anxiety ,amygdala ,Amygdala ,Anxiety Disorders ,Transtornos de ansiedade ,Neurology ,multicentric network ,Anatomy ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Neurovetenskaper ,Clinical psychology ,endocrine system ,Generalized anxiety disorder ,brain ,Neuroimaging ,Sistema límbico ,050105 experimental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Global mental health ,Limbic system ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Imatges per ressonància magnètica ,medicine ,Genetics ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Neuroimagem ,Psykologi (exklusive tillämpad psykologi) ,Panic disorder ,neurosciences ,Imageamento por ressonância magnética ,Tonsila do cerebelo ,medicine.disease ,anxiety disorders ,Genética ,Psychology (excluding Applied Psychology) ,Ansietat ,Neurology (clinical) ,Working group ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Anxiety disorders - Abstract
Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent and disabling but seem particularly tractable to investigation with translational neuroscience methodologies. Neuroimaging has informed our understanding of the neurobiology of anxiety disorders, but research has been limited by small sample sizes and low statistical power, as well as heterogenous imaging methodology. The ENIGMA‐Anxiety Working Group has brought together researchers from around the world, in a harmonized and coordinated effort to address these challenges and generate more robust and reproducible findings. This paper elaborates on the concepts and methods informing the work of the working group to date, and describes the initial approach of the four subgroups studying generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and specific phobia. At present, the ENIGMA‐Anxiety database contains information about more than 100 unique samples, from 16 countries and 59 institutes. Future directions include examining additional imaging modalities, integrating imaging and genetic data, and collaborating with other ENIGMA working groups. The ENIGMA consortium creates synergy at the intersection of global mental health and clinical neuroscience, and the ENIGMA‐Anxiety Working Group extends the promise of this approach to neuroimaging research on anxiety disorders., Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent and disabling but seem particularly tractable to investigation with translational neuroscience methodologies. Neuroimaging has informed our understanding of the neurobiology of anxiety disorders, but research has been limited by small sample sizes and low statistical power, as well as heterogenous imaging methodology. The ENIGMA‐Anxiety Working Group has brought together researchers from around the world, in a harmonized and coordinated effort to address these challenges and generate more robust and reproducible findings. The ENIGMA consortium creates synergy at the intersection of global mental health and clinical neuroscience, and the ENIGMA‐Anxiety Working Group extends the promise of this approach to neuroimaging research on anxiety disorders.
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- 2020
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27. Estudo das respostas emocionais ao som através da avaliação neurofisiológica em alunos da UBI
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Almeida, Inês, Patto, Maria da Assunção Morais e Cunha Vaz, Gama, Jorge Manuel dos Reis, and Pinto, Nuno Filipe Cardoso
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Ciências Médicas::Ciências da Saúde::Medicina [Domínio/Área Científica] ,Atividade Beta ,Emoções ,Sistema Límbico ,Atividade Alfa ,Som ,Eletroencefalografia - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-17T16:45:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 7507_15951.pdf: 2745212 bytes, checksum: bd8647bc4c05fae9c7ad6dc6a96d45e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-06-15
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- 2020
28. Psicocirugía en el tratamiento de la anorexia nerviosa.
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FRANCO, SILVIA, OTERO, ÓSCAR, ACEVEDO GONZÁLEZ, JUAN CARLOS, ZORRO GUIO, ÓSCAR, BERBEO CALDERÓN, MIGUEL, DÍAZ ORDUZ, ROBERTO, and FEO LEE, ÓSCAR
- Abstract
Copyright of Universitas Médica is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2013
29. Cerebral Anatomy of the Spider Monkey Ateles Geoffroyi Studied Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. First Report: a Comparative Study with the Human Brain Homo Sapiens.
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De León, Fernando Chico-Ponce, Platas-Neri, Diana, Muñoz-Delgado, Jairo, Santillán-Doherty, Ana Maria, Arenas-Rosas, Rita, Trejo, David, Conde, Ruben, Ojeda-Flores, Rafael, Campos-Romo, Aurelio, Castro-Sierra, Eduardo, Cervantes, Juan José, and Braun, Marc
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SPIDER monkeys ,CENTRAL American spider monkey ,MAGNETIC resonance imaging ,HUMAN beings ,ANIMAL welfare ,MAMMALS ,ANIMALS - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Ciencias de la Salud is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2009
30. NEUROTRANSMISORES DEL SISTEMA LÍMBICO. AMÍGDALA. SEGUNDA PARTE.
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Castro-Sierra, Eduardo, de León, Fernando Chico Ponce, and Rivera, Alison Portugal
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NEUROTRANSMITTERS , *AMYGDALOID body , *AMINES , *ADRENOCORTICAL hormones , *HISTAMINE - Abstract
Neurotransmitters of the amygdala in the limbic system include monoamines (noradrenaline [NA]) acetylcholine (ACh), corticoids and histamine. Drugs infused into the amygdala may modulate consolidation in memory of inhibition of training directed to avoid stressful situations. Administration of antagonists of β NA receptors to the amygdala will affect retention in memory for a whole day when given immediately after training, but will have no effect when given six hours after training a test animal. Intra-amygdalar infusions of NA which may be accompanied by antagonists of those receptors will attenuate the memory disturbance. It is worth mentioning that later studies have been able to show that NA will produce an increment of memory consolidation, which will depend on the time as well as on the dose of application, when the drug is infused to the amygdala shortly after inhibition of training directed to avoid stressful situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2006
31. INTRODUCCIÒN A LA NEUROCIRUGÍA PSIQUIÁTRICA.
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Ponce, Fiacro Jiménez, Abraham, Julián Soto, Campos, Francisco Velasco, Farfán, Guillermo Castro, and Carillo Ruiz, José D.
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FRONTAL lobotomy , *PSYCHIATRY , *NEUROSURGERY , *NEUROPSYCHIATRY , *PSYCHOSURGERY - Abstract
Recent background in neurosurgery for psychiatric disorders can be placed in the mid XIXth century. Buckhartd made partial resection of frontal cortex in 6 psychiatric patients, with successful results in 4 of them, but important side effects prevented the development of this scientific approach. In 1936 Egas Moniz and Almeida Lima performed a new neuro-psychiatric technique for treatment of several psychiatric disorders, named prefrontal lobotomy. Results of this treatment won Moniz a Nobel Prize in 1949, and encouraged Freeman and Watts to further develop this kind of surgery in United States of America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2006
32. NEUROTRANSMISORES DEL SISTEMA LÍMBICO. I. AMÍGDALA. PRIMERA PARTE.
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Castro-Sierra, Eduardo, De León, Fernando Chico Ponce, and Rivera, Alison Portugal
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- *
NEUROTRANSMITTERS , *AMYGDALOID body , *GABA , *LIMBIC system , *GLUTAMIC acid , *DOPAMINE - Abstract
Neurotransmitters of the amygdala in the limbic system include, among others, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAA,B,G), glutamic acid (GLU) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), as well as the monoamines [dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxythptamine (5-HT)]. GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter. Its inhibitory activity will be blocked, for example, by the anxiolytic effects of benzodiazepines both in tile amygdala and in other nuclei of the limbic system (thalamus, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, etc.) connected to this structure. Similarly, the cerebral prefrontal cortex will regulate memory and learning processes in which an affective component may be involved through GABAergic inhibitory connections reaching the lateral nucleus (LA) of the amygdala. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2005
33. Factores neurobiológicos asociados al trastorno antisocial de la personalidad
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Lemus Trigos, Johanna Paola, Manrique Oliveros, Oskar Andrey, Universidad de Investigación y Desarrollo (UDI), and Grupo, Porter
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Estructuras Neuroanatómicas ,Neurobiological Factors ,Antisocial Disorder ,[SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology ,Neuroimaging ,Structures Neuroanatomical ,Neurophysiological Functioning ,Prefrontal cortex ,Genética ,[SHS.PSY] Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology ,Trastorno Antisocial ,Limbic system ,Genetic ,Sistema Límbico ,Factores Neurobiológicos ,Funcionamiento Neurofisiológico ,Corteza Prefrontal ,Neuroimagen - Abstract
This article has been carried out with the aim of making an analytical selection of the basic literature in order to establish, to some degree, the current state of knowledge about the neurobiological factors associated with an antisocial personality disorder. Such factors focus on the identification of the neuroanatomical structures involved, as well as on the neurophysiological functioning that is altered in the disorder. Likewise, a theoretical review of the genetic factors that are associated with the development and maintenance of the alteration is carried out. For this, the personality and the different disorders are described, focusing on antisocial personality disorder., Este artículo ha sido realizado con el objetivo de hacer una selección analítica de la literatura básica con el fin de establecer, en algún grado, el estado actual del conocimiento sobre los factores neurobiológicos asociados al trastorno de personalidad antisocial. Tales factores se centran en la identificación de las estructuras neuroanatómicas implicadas, así como en el funcionamiento neurofisiológico que se altera en el trastorno. De igual manera, se realiza una revisión teórica de los factores genéticos que se asocian con el desarrollo y mantenimiento de la alteración. Para ello, se describe la personalidad y los diferentes trastornos, centrado en el trastorno antisocial de la personalidad.
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- 2020
34. Neurobiological factors associated with antisocial personality disorder
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Lemus Trigos, Johanna Paola, Manrique Oliveros, Oskar Andrey, and Grupo, Porter
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Estructuras Neuroanatómicas ,Neurobiological Factors ,Antisocial Disorder ,Neuroimaging ,Structures Neuroanatomical ,Neurophysiological Functioning ,Prefrontal cortex ,Genética ,Trastorno Antisocial ,[SHS.PSY] Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology ,Limbic system ,Genetic ,Sistema Límbico ,Factores Neurobiológicos ,Funcionamiento Neurofisiológico ,Corteza Prefrontal ,Neuroimagen - Abstract
This article has been carried out with the aim of making an analytical selection of the basic literature in order to establish, to some degree, the current state of knowledge about the neurobiological factors associated with an antisocial personality disorder. Such factors focus on the identification of the neuroanatomical structures involved, as well as on the neurophysiological functioning that is altered in the disorder. Likewise, a theoretical review of the genetic factors that are associated with the development and maintenance of the alteration is carried out. For this, the personality and the different disorders are described, focusing on antisocial personality disorder., Este artículo ha sido realizado con el objetivo de hacer una selección analítica de la literatura básica con el fin de establecer, en algún grado, el estado actual del conocimiento sobre los factores neurobiológicos asociados al trastorno de personalidad antisocial. Tales factores se centran en la identificación de las estructuras neuroanatómicas implicadas, así como en el funcionamiento neurofisiológico que se altera en el trastorno. De igual manera, se realiza una revisión teórica de los factores genéticos que se asocian con el desarrollo y mantenimiento de la alteración. Para ello, se describe la personalidad y los diferentes trastornos, centrado en el trastorno antisocial de la personalidad.
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- 2020
35. Central role of G protein Gαi2 and Gαi2 + vomeronasal neurons in balancing territorial and infant-directed aggression of male mice
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Trese Leinders-Zufall, Frank Zufall, Matthieu Keller, Jan Weiss, Lutz Birnbaumer, Anne-Charlotte Trouillet, Pablo Chamero, Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University [Saarbrücken], Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)-National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Neurosciences Paris Seine (NPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Male ,Olfactory system ,Vomeronasal organ ,[SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging ,[SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https] ,Sexual Behavior, Animal ,0302 clinical medicine ,Limbic system ,Brain Mapping ,0303 health sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,[SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior ,PROTEINAS ,OLFACTORY ,Brain ,[SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences ,infant-directed aggression ,olfactory ,3. Good health ,Aggression ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,PNAS Plus ,TERRITORIAL AGGRESSION ,[SDV.SA.SPA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies ,Female ,Vomeronasal Organ ,medicine.symptom ,SISTEMA LIMBICO ,CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS ,Sensory Receptor Cells ,COMPORTAMIENTO ,V1R receptor ,territorial aggression ,Sensory system ,[SDV.SA.ZOO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Zootechny ,Biology ,AGRESIVIDAD ,Amygdala ,[SDV.BDLR.RS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology/Sexual reproduction ,Ciencias Biológicas ,03 medical and health sciences ,Biología Celular, Microbiología ,GCAMP6F ,[SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology ,medicine ,Animals ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https] ,030304 developmental biology ,V1R RECEPTOR ,[SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health ,GCamp6f ,INFANT-DIRECTED AGGRESSION ,TERRITORIALIDAD ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Stria terminalis ,Animals, Newborn ,Mutation ,GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunit, Gi2 ,Territoriality ,Neuroscience ,Nucleus ,Biomarkers ,Gene Deletion ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,[SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis - Abstract
Fil: Trouillet, Anne-Charlotte. University of Tours. Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique. Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportement; Francia Fil: Keller, Matthieu. University of Tours. Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique. Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportement; Francia Fil: Weiss, Jan. Saarland University. Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine; Alemania Fil: Leinders-Zufall, Trese. Saarland University. Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine; Alemania Fil: Birnbaumer, Lutz. Research Triangle Park. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Neurobiology Laboratory; Estados Unidos Fil: Birnbaumer, Lutz. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Argentina Fil: Zufall, Frank. Saarland University. Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine; Alemania Fil: Chamero, Pablo. University of Tours. Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique. Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportement; Francia Abstract: Aggression is controlled by the olfactory system in many animal species. In male mice, territorial and infant-directed aggression are tightly regulated by the vomeronasal organ (VNO), but how diverse subsets of sensory neurons convey pheromonal information to limbic centers is not yet known. Here, we employ genetic strategies to show that mouse vomeronasal sensory neurons expressing the G protein subunit Gαi2 regulate male-male and infant-directed aggression through distinct circuit mechanisms. Conditional ablation of Gαi2 enhances male-male aggression and increases neural activity in the medial amygdala (MeA), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and lateral septum. By contrast, conditional Gαi2 ablation causes reduced infant-directed aggression and decreased activity in MeA neurons during male-infant interactions. Strikingly, these mice also display enhanced parental behavior and elevated neural activity in the medial preoptic area, whereas sexual behavior remains normal. These results identify Gαi2 as the primary G protein α-subunit mediating the detection of volatile chemosignals in the apical layer of the VNO, and they show that Gαi2+ VSNs and the brain circuits activated by these neurons play a central role in orchestrating and balancing territorial and infant-directed aggression of male mice through bidirectional activation and inhibition of different targets in the limbic system.
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- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Creación de una marca emocional mediante la utilización de la herramienta Eye-tracking: Caso práctico Heladería Greenfrost
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Álvarez Calderón, Jorge, Shaqui Pomaquiza, Marco Franklin, Guambo Ramírez, Mariela Mishell, Salazar Erazo, Jonathan Xavier, Álvarez Calderón, Jorge, Shaqui Pomaquiza, Marco Franklin, Guambo Ramírez, Mariela Mishell, and Salazar Erazo, Jonathan Xavier
- Abstract
The creation of an emotional brand for the Ice Cream Shop Greenfrost in the city of Riobamba is based on the need to generate new emotions in the consumer, just by relating to the company. For this, it was necessary to compile the same authors of the brand and emotions to improve the identity of the brand. The structure of the research starts from the problem, bibliographical study, study of the brand, application of tools and the brand proposal. For the redesign of the emotional brand, the perception of colors has been taken into account and, therefore, to make the brand stay longer in the mind of the consumer. Neuromarketing tools have been used, in order to obtain real data, eye tracking, has been a fundamental part of the research, to determine service parameters within the brand and to modify those aspects that fail to persuade the client. The brand proposal is based on generating emotions that produce a somatic marker in the minds of consumers. By generating new sensations and emotions, the consumer will have the company as the first purchase option and not because of the need for the product, but because of having an emotional perception before it., La creación de una marca emocional para la Heladería Greenfrost en la ciudad de Riobamba, se basa en la necesidad de generar nuevas emociones al consumidor, con tan solo relacionarse con la empresa. Para ello, fue necesaria la recopilación de conceptos de distintos autores sobre marca y emociones para mejorar la identidad de la marca. La estructura de la investigación parte del problema, estudio bibliográfico, estudio de la marca, aplicación de herramientas y la propuesta de marca. Para el rediseño de la marca emocional se ha tomado en cuenta la percepción de colores y mediante ello hacer que la marca permanezca más tiempo en la mente del consumidor. Se ha utiliza herramientas de neuromarketing, con el fin de obtener datos reales, el eye tracking, ha formado parte fundamental en la investigación, para determinar parámetros de atención dentro de la marca y modificar aquellos aspectos que no logran persuadir al cliente. La propuesta de marca se basa en generar emociones que produzcan un marcador somático en la mente de los consumidores. Al generar nuevas sensaciones y emociones, el consumidor tendrá a la empresa como primera opción de compra y no por la necesidad del producto, sino por tener una percepción emocional ante ella.
- Published
- 2019
37. Cómo influyen las emociones en el proceso de aprendizaje: programa mixto de educación emocional y Mindfulness para la mejora del aprendizaje en el aula ordinaria de Educación Primaria
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Gómez Sánchez, Estefanía, Mano Bonín, Anibal de la, Universidad de Valladolid. Facultad de Educación y Trabajo Social, Gómez Sánchez, Estefanía, Mano Bonín, Anibal de la, and Universidad de Valladolid. Facultad de Educación y Trabajo Social
- Abstract
El presente Trabajo Fin de Grado es el resultado de investigar cómo influyen las emociones en el proceso de aprendizaje de los alumnos desde una aproximación al funcionamiento de las estructuras responsables de la memoria, tanto su recepción (memoria a corto plazo), como la consolidación de la información en el cerebro (memoria a largo plazo); y del procesador de las emociones: el sistema límbico. En una segunda parte se presenta el diseño de un programa que combina actividades que fomentan las competencias de Inteligencia Emocional propuestas por Bisquerra (2010) y Pérez González y Pena (2011) y ejercicios que favorecen la Atención Plena o Mindfulness, todo ello con vistas a una mejora del aprendizaje de los alumnos de Primero de Educación Primaria., Grado en Educación Primaria
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- 2019
38. O impacto da maquiagem na atividade encefálica na percepção da beleza
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Nuevo, Patrícia de Souza, Ribas, João Luiz Coelho, and Crestani, Sandra
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Encéfalo ,CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BIOLOGIA GERAL [CNPQ] ,Biotecnologia industrial ,Beleza física (Estética) ,Sistema límbico ,Maquiagem (Técnica) - Abstract
A maquiagem é uma importante ferramenta na composição da imagem feminina. Apesar de parecer ser uma ação simples vai além de um ritual de embelezamento, podendo ser considerada um despertador de emoções inconscientes como prazer, satisfação pessoal, e sensação de bem estar. A autoestima eleva-se com a maquiagem propiciando um processo que reforça seu estilo e traz maior autoconfiança. As emoções, incluindo as desencadeadas pela maquiagem, se dão em decorrência da ativação de algumas áreas cerebrais como tronco cerebral, hipotálamo, tálamo, área pré-frontal e rinencéfalo que fazem parte do sistema límbico. Nesse sentido o objetivo deste trabalho é fazer uma revisão de literatura acerca do impacto da maquiagem na percepção de beleza, emoções envolvidas e realizar avaliações das áreas encefálicas ativadas ao visualizar a própria face com e sem maquiagem. Para isso foram selecionadas aleatoriamente 12 mulheres voluntárias, com idades entre 25 e 45 anos. Estas foram divididas em dois grupos (n=6), constituído por voluntárias que não utilizavam maquiagem e o outro composto por mulheres que utilizavam a maquiagem diariamente. Todos os indivíduos responderam a um questionário e foram fotografados antes de qualquer procedimento. Em seguida foram submetidas a maquiagem a mão livre, fotografadas e submetidas a maquiagem usando a máscara de Marquardt e novamente fotografadas, em nenhum momento puderam se visualizar e ao final a maquiagem foi totalmente retirada. As voluntárias passaram pela avaliação de ressonância magnética funcional (fMRI) e lhes foram mostradas as três fotos em sequência de blocos seguindo os mesmos paradigmas com duração de 40 segundos em cada exposição. Nossos resultados sugerem que ambos os grupos demostraram maior aceitação da sua imagem fazendo uso da maquiagem, e que as emoções foram mais positivas na escolha da maquiagem simétrica, fundamentada na proporção áurea. Makeup is an important tool in the composition of female image. Although it seems to be a simple action, it goes beyond a ritual of beautification and can be considered an awakening of unconscious emotions as pleasure, personal satisfaction, and sense of well being. The self-esteem rises with makeup providing a process that reinforces your style and brings greater self confidence. Emotions, including those triggered by makeup, are due to the activation of some brain areas like brainstem, hypothalamus, thalamus, prefrontal area and rhinencephalon that part of the limbic system. In this sense the objective of this work is to make a literature review about the impact of makeup on the perception of beauty, emotions involved and carry out assessments of brain-activated brain areas visualize one's face with and without makeup. For this, we selected randomly 12 female volunteers, aged 25 to 45 years. These were divided into two groups (n = 6), consisting of volunteers who did not used makeup and the other composed of women who used the Makeup daily. All individuals answered a questionnaire and were photographed before any procedure. Then went subjected to freehand makeup, photographed and subjected to makeup wearing Marquardt's mask and photographed again, in no moment they could visualize and at the end the makeup was totally removed. The volunteers underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and were shown the three photos in sequence of blocks following the same paradigms lasting 40 seconds in each exposure. Our results suggest that both groups showed greater acceptance of their image using makeup, and that emotions were more positive in the choice of symmetrical makeup, based on the golden ratio.
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- 2019
39. Entrenamiento neuroeficiente para optimizar el aprendizaje y la práctica de la prevención de caídas de altura en entornos laborales
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Baquero Palacios, Ana María, Rojas Amaya, Juan Sebastián, and Mahecha, Elizabeth
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Aprendizaje ,Lóbulos frontales ,Seguridad Industrial ,Evaluación de riesgos contra la salud ,Sistema limbico ,Accidentes de oficina ,Entrenamiento neuroeficiente ,Sistema límbico ,Prevención de Caídas de Altura - Abstract
Evaluar la eficiencia y efectividad del Entrenamiento Neuroeficiente para optimizar el entrenamiento y el desempeño de los trabajadores en la prevención de riesgos asociados con el trabajo en alturas en el entorno laboral La presente investigación evalúa los efectos del Entrenamiento Neuroeficiente en la formación de trabajadores para la prevención de accidentes por la caída de alturas en el entorno laboral. Se capacitaron 2 grupos (control y experimental), con los mismos tiempos y contenidos técnicos. La diferencia entre ambos grupos fue la forma de entrenamiento: el grupo control fue capacitado con metodologías magistrales convencionales, basadas en la recepción, la comprensión racional, la memoria y el uso de la información coordinadas predominantemente en los lóbulos frontales de la corteza cerebral, mientras que el grupo experimental fue capacitado con el Entrenamiento Neuroeficiente, que integra esas mismas capacidades corticales con las de regiones subcorticales alrededor del sistema límbico, mediante el aprovechamiento de las emociones, la práctica repetitiva sistemática y otros recursos que optimizan los potenciales de memoria práctica, control emocional y reacción ante las crisis. Posteriormente se comparó la calidad del aprendizaje y el desempeño de ambos grupos en la retención de los elementos conceptuales de la capacitación y el dominio práctico de los procedimientos aprendidos. Se registraron los resultados y fueron analizados estadísticamente para confirmar o descartar diferencias significativas en el desempeño de ambos grupos, a fin de concluir cuál de los dos métodos de capacitación fue más eficaz y eficiente
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- 2018
40. La fisiología vista desde un sistema nervioso autónomo ampliado y circadianamente organizado : bases para un enfoque bio-psicosocial-ecológico de la salud y la enfermedad
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Cardinali, Daniel Pedro
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FISIOLOGIA ,HOMEOSTASIS ,POSTURA ,MEDICINA ,FUNCIONES MOTORAS ,SISTEMA NERVIOSO AUTONOMO ,SISTEMA LIMBICO ,SUEÑO - Abstract
Fil: Cardinali, Daniel Pedro. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Argentina Fil: Cardinali, Daniel Pedro. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Departamento de Docencia e Investigación; Argentina Resumen: El sistema nervioso autónomo (SNA) es un componente fundamental del sistema nervioso cuya función es mantener la homeostasis y reaccionar de forma adaptativa a los cambios en el medio externo e interno. Participa en la regulación de la respiración, la circulación, la digestión, el metabolismo y el medio interno, la secreción exocrina y endocrina, las respuestas inmunes, la temperatura corporal y la reproducción. En este trabajo se analizará cómo la organización del SNA se construye en 4 niveles jerárquicos, a partir de un periodo de diferenciación crítico neonataL en el cual el medio ambiente y el vínculo afectivo con la madre juega un rol predominante. A continuación, se discutirá cómo la función del SNA cambia en las tres configuraciones corporales (vigilia, sueño de ondas lentas, sueño de movimientos oculares rápidos, REM) que se suceden durante un ciclo de 24 horas. Por último, se discutirá la aplicación de estos conceptos en la Unidad NeurofisioLOgía del Curso de Fisiología para alumnos de 20 año de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UCA, enfatizando los aspectos instrumentales destinados a aumentar la participación de los alumnos en el proceso de enseñanza. Abstract: The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a fundamental component of the nervous system whose function is to maintain homeostasis and react adaptively to changes in the external and internal environment. It participates in the regulation of resPiration, circulation, digestion, metabolism and internal environment, exocrine and endocrine secretion, immune response, body temperature and reproduction. In this review article I will analyze how the organization of the ANS is built on 4 hierarchicallevels, starting from a period of critical neonatal dijfirentiation in which the environment and the affictive bond with the mother plays a predominant role. Next, I will discuss how the ANS function changes in the three body corifigurations (wakefulness, slow wave sleep, fost eye movement, REM) that occur during a 24 hour cycle. Finally, the application of these concepts to teaching Neurophysiology at the Physiology Course for 2nd year medical students of the Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, emphasizing the instrumental aspects intended to increase the participation of students in the teachingprocess is discussed .
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- 2018
41. Relação da percepção do zumbido e ansiedade
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Trajano, Maria do Carmo Pedroza and Rosa, Marine Raquel Diniz da
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Tinnitus ,Limbic system ,CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA [CNPQ] ,Zumbido ,Simulation of public speaking ,Fonoaudiologia ,Ansiedade ,Anxiety ,Sistema límbico ,Simulação do falar em público - Abstract
The present dissertation had as overall objective to investigate the relationship of the perception of tinnitus with levels of anxiety in the literature and also after the simulation test of public speaking (SFP). The structure of this work consists of two articles: the first is a review entitled “Tinnitus and anxiety: a systematic review”, whose objective was to perform a survey in the literature, national and international, from the past ten years, about the relationship of tinnitus and anxiety. The study concluded that there is a close relationship between tinnitus and the minor psychiatric disorders, anxiety, for example, and even more protocols used nationally and internationally to assess the levels of anxiety are the Trait-State Anxiety Inventory and for tinnitus, the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory. The second article was the result of a clinical and experimental research, entitled: “The perception of tinnitus with anxiety levels before and after the ansiogenic task” and aimed to investigate the relationship of perception of tinnitus with levels of anxiety at times “pre”, “during” and “post” the simulation test of public speaking-SFP. The study demonstrated a correlation that exists between tinnitus and levels of non-induced anxiety, but could not correlate with experimental anxiety, since the SFP test did not generate anxiety in the group under study, composed of individuals with tinnitus. Nenhuma O presente trabalho de dissertação teve como objetivo geral investigar a relação da percepção do zumbido com os níveis de ansiedade na literatura e também após o teste de Simulação de Falar em Público (SFP). A estrutura deste trabalho é composta por dois artigos: o primeiro trata-se de uma revisão intitulada “zumbido e ansiedade: uma revisão sistemática”, cujo objetivo foi realizar uma busca na literatura, nacional e internacional nos últimos dez anos, sobre a relação do zumbido e a ansiedade. O estudo concluiu que existe uma estreita relação entre o zumbido e os transtornos psiquiátricos menores, a exemplo da ansiedade e ainda que, os protocolos mais utilizados nacional e internacionalmente para avaliação dos níveis de ansiedade são o Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado e para o zumbido o Tinnitus Handicap Inventory. O segundo artigo foi resultado de uma pesquisa clínica e experimental, intitulado: “Relação da percepção do zumbido com níveis de ansiedade pré e pós tarefa ansiogênica” e teve como objetivo investigar a relação da percepção do zumbido com os níveis de ansiedade nos momentos “pré”, “durante” e “pós” teste de Simulação do Falar em Público - SFP. O estudo demonstrou existir uma correlação entre o zumbido e os níveis de ansiedade não induzida, mas não conseguiu correlacionar o zumbido à ansiedade de forma experimental, possivelmente pelo fato dessa amostra ter iniciado o teste ansiogênico com níveis elevados de ansiedade.
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- 2017
42. Motivation in the area of Plastic Expression
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López-Manrique, Inés, San Pedro-Veledo, Juan Carlos, and González-González de Mesa, Carmen
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lcsh:Fine Arts ,Intrinsic Motivation ,Artistic Education ,lcsh:Visual arts ,lcsh:N1-9211 ,Strategies of Motivation ,Motivación extrínseca ,Límbic System ,Estrategias de Motivación ,Educación Artística ,Sistema Límbico ,Extrinsic Motivation ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,Motivación intrínseca ,lcsh:N - Abstract
The present paper develops the subject of motivation in the area of Artistic Expression Area. The text is divided into three parts.In the first one we explain the motivation mechanism and its presence in the field of education. In the second one we deal with the matter of motivation in Artistic Education providing information of experimental studies data and the opinions of experts on the area. Finally we include a summary of strategies and more frequent resources to promote motivation in Artistic Education, distinguishing between strategies for students and for teachers. El presente artículo desarrolla la cuestión de la motivación en el área de Expresión Plástica. El texto se divide en tres partes. En la primera de ellas nos centramos en explicar el mecanismo de la motivación y su presencia en el ámbito educativo. En la segunda abordamos la cuestión de la motivación en Educación Artística aportando los datos de estudios experimentales y las opiniones de expertos del área. Por último incluimos una síntesis de las estrategias y recursos más frecuentes para potenciar la motivación en Educación Artística, distinguiendo entre estrategias para el alumnado y el profesorado.
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- 2014
43. Creatividad y cerebro: bases neurológicas de la creatividad
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Rendón Uribe, María Alexandra
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lateralidad ,hemisferios cerebrales ,evolución ,cognición ,proceso cognitivo ,neocorteza ,creatividad ,sistema límbico ,cerebro ,lcsh:L ,neurología ,lcsh:Education - Abstract
Resumen basado en el de la publicación Título, resumen y palabras clave en español y en inglés Número monográfico con el título: ``Cerebro, Aprendizaje y Educación´´ Se presentan algunas consideraciones teóricas sobre la creatividad, y una definición a partir de la cual se sustenta la necesidad de profundizar en el sustrato biológico de la creatividad. Al respecto se retoman algunas teorías y explicaciones que permiten entender la relación de la creatividad con la estructura cerebral, entre ellas se tienen: la lateralización hemisférica, la teoría del cerebro triuno, la teoría del cerebro total y la evolución filogenética del cerebro creador. ESP
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- 2013
44. Failure to recover from proactive semantic interference and abnormal limbic connectivity in asymptomatic, middle-aged offspring of patients with late-onset Alzheimer’s disease
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Gustavo Sevlever, M. Soledad Ladrón de Guevara, Bárbara Duarte-Abritta, Salvador M. Guinjoan, Carolina Abulafia, Stella M. Sánchez, Charles B. Nemeroff, Daniel Eduardo Vigo, Lucas Drucaroff, Mirta F. Villarreal, David A. Loewenstein, and Mariana N. Castro
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Pathology ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Brain mapping ,Cognition ,0302 clinical medicine ,Limbic system ,Thalamus ,Neural Pathways ,Late-Onset Alzheimer'S Disease ,Limbic System ,Limbic ,Entorhinal Cortex ,Medicine ,ENFERMEDAD DE ALZHEIMER ,Age of Onset ,Temporal cortex ,Brain Mapping ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,General Neuroscience ,purl.org/becyt/ford/3.1 [https] ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Semantics ,Medicina Básica ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Proactive Semantic Interference ,Adult Children ,Female ,purl.org/becyt/ford/3 [https] ,Alzheimer's disease ,SISTEMA LIMBICO ,medicine.medical_specialty ,CIENCIAS MÉDICAS Y DE LA SALUD ,Neurociencias ,Interference theory ,Prodromal Symptoms ,Article ,Functional Connectivity ,03 medical and health sciences ,Alzheimer Disease ,Humans ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,DETERIORO COGNITIVO ,business.industry ,INMUNOLOGIA ,Entorhinal cortex ,medicine.disease ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,030104 developmental biology ,Posterior cingulate ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,business ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Fil: Sánchez, Stella M. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia. Servicio de Psiquiatría; Argentina Fil: Sánchez, Stella M. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Sánchez, Stella M. Universidad Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Física; Argentina Fil: Abulafia, Carolina. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia. Servicio de Psiquiatría; Argentina Fil: Abulafia, Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Abulafia, Carolina. Universidad Católica Argentina. Facultad de Ciencas Médicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Argentina Fil: Duarte-Abritta, Bárbara. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia. Servicio de Psiquiatría; Argentina Fil: Ladrón de Guevara, M. Soledad. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia. Servicio de Psiquiatría; Argentina Fil: Ladrón de Guevara, M. Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Castro, Mariana N. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia. Servicio de Psiquiatría; Argentina Fil: Castro, Mariana N. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Castro, Mariana N. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de psiquiatría y salud mental; Argentina Fil: Drucaroff, Lucas J. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia. Servicio de Psiquiatría; Argentina Fil: Drucaroff, Lucas J. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Drucaroff, Lucas J. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de psiquiatría y salud mental; Argentina Fil: Sevlever, Gustavo. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia. Departamento de Neuropatología y Biología Molecular; Argentina Fil: Nemeroff, Charles B. University of Miami. Miller School of Medicine. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Center on Aging; Estados Unidos Fil: Vigo, Daniel E. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Vigo, Daniel E. Universidad Católica Argentina. Facultad de Ciencas Médicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Argentina Fil: Loewenstein, David A. University of Miami. Miller School of Medicine. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Center on Aging; Estados Unidos Fil: Villarreal, Mirta F. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia. Servicio de Psiquiatría; Argentina Fil: Villarreal, Mirta F. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Villarreal, Mirta F. Universidad Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Física; Argentina Fil: Guinjoan, Salvador M. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia. Servicio de Psiquiatría; Argentina Fil: Guinjoan, Salvador M. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Guinjoan, Salvador M. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de psiquiatría y salud mental; Argentina Fil: Guinjoan, Salvador M. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología. Neurofisiología I; Argentina Background: We have obtained previous evidence of limbic dysfunction in middle-aged, asymptomatic offspring of lateonset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) patients, and failure to recover from proactive semantic interference has been shown to be a sensitive cognitive test in other groups at risk for LOAD. Objective: To assess the effects of specific proactive semantic interference deficits as they relate to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) neocortical and limbic functional connectivity in middle aged offspring of individuals with LOAD (O-LOAD) and age-equivalent controls. Methods:We examined 21O-LOADand 20 controls without family history of neurodegenerative disorders (CS) on traditional measures of cognitive functioning and the LASSI-L, a novel semantic interference test uniquely sensitive to the failure to recover from proactive interference (frPSI). Cognitive tests then were correlated to fMRI connectivity of seeds located in entorhinal cortex and anterodorsal thalamic nuclei among O-LOAD and CS participants. Results: Relative to CS, O-LOAD participants evidenced lower connectivity between entorhinal cortex and orbitofrontal, anterior cingulate, and anterior temporal cortex. In the offspring of LOAD patients, LASSI-L measures of frPSI were inversely associated with connectivity between anterodorsal thalamus and contralateral posterior cingulate. Intrusions on the task related to frPSI were inversely correlated with a widespread connectivity network involving hippocampal, insular, posterior cingulate, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, along with precunei and anterior thalamus in this group. Different patterns of connectivity associated with frPSI were observed among controls. Conclusion: The present results suggest that both semantic interference deficits and connectivity abnormalities might reflect limbic circuit dysfunction as a very early clinical signature of LOAD pathology, as previously demonstrated for other limbic phenotypes, such as sleep and circadian alterations.
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- 2017
45. Emotions Viewer Dans une Experience, Photographique, Pictorial et Film
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Contreras Albornoz, Francisco de Paula and Gasea Bazurto, Luis Fernando
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les émotions ,emociones ,brain ,l'expérience ,emoções ,cerebro ,emotions ,experiencia ,experience ,limbic system ,arte ,cérebro ,cerveau ,experiências ,sistema límbico ,art ,le système limbique - Abstract
Resumen En el presente artículo se exponen los resultados del análisis comparativo de tres estudios: The Science of Art: A Neurological Theory of Aesthetic Experience (1999), Neural Correlates of Beauty (2004) y Neurocinematics: the Neuroscience of Film (2008). Cada una de las investigaciones señaladas examina la actividad neuronal de un grupo participantes que observa fotografías, pinturas o filmes. Se consideró que las experiencias expuestas permiten comprender el alcance y objeto del neurocinema. El método de la investigación fue revisión documental y el enfoque analítico. Se diseñaron tablas para sistematizar la revisión de los textos y se elaboraron tablas descriptivas basadas en resúmenes analíticos RAE. Se concluye que dos de los estudios tuvieron en común que los participantes presentaron actividad neuronal en el área del sistema límbico, la región del cerebro que procesa las emociones. Abstract In this article the results of the comparative analysis of three studies are discussed: The Science of Art: A Neurological Theory of Aesthetic Experience (1999) Neural Correlates of Beauty (2004) and Neurocinematics: the Neuroscience of Film (2008). Each of the aforementioned research examines the neuronal activity of a group participants observed photographs, paintings or films. It was considered that the exposed experiences allow understanding the scope and purpose of neurocinema. The method of investigation was to review and analytical approach. Tables were designed to systematize the revision of the texts and descriptive tables based on abstracting RAE were developed. It is concluded that two of the studies had in common that participants showed neuronal activity in the area of the limbic system, the brain region that processes emotions. Résumé Dans cet article, les résultats de l'analyse comparative de trois études sont discutées: La science de l'art: une théorie neurologique de l'expérience esthétique (1999) Neural corrélats de beauté (2004) et Neurocinematics: Neuroscience du Film (2008). Chaque partie de la recherche mentionnée ci-dessus examine l'activité neuronale d'un groupe participants observédes photographies, des peintures ou des films. Il a été consideré que les expériences exposées permettent de comprendre la portée et le but de neurocinema. La méthode d'enquéte était d'examiner et approche analytique. Les tableaux ont été conçus pour systématiser la révision des textes et des tableaux descriptifs basés sur abstraire RAE ont été développés. Il est conclu que deux des études avaient en commun que les participants ont montré une activité neuronale dans la zone du système limbique, la région du cerveau qui traite les émotions. Resumo Neste artigo, os resultados da análise comparativa dos três estudos sâo discutidos: The Science of Art: Uma Teoria Neurológica de Aesthetic Experience (1999) correlatos neurais da Beleza (2004) e Neurocinematics: a Neuroscience of Film (2008). Cada parte da pesquisa mencionada examina a atividade neuronal de um grupo participantes observaram fotografias, pinturas ou filmes. Considerou-se que as experiências expostas permitem compreender o alcance e propósito de neurocinema. O método de investigaçâo foi revisar e abordagem analítica. Mesas foram projetados para sistematizar a revisâo dos textos e tabelas descritivas baseados em abstrair RAE foram desenvolvidos. Concluiu- se que dois dos estudos tinham em comum que os participantes apresentaram actividade neuronal na área do sistema límbico, a regiâo do cérebro que processa as emoções.
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- 2016
46. Inconsistencia de la dimensión analítica-empírica desde la conformación cerebral cognitiva
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San Martín García, Romulo Ignacio and San Martín García, Romulo Ignacio
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Hay una inconsistencia de la perspectiva analítica losó ca de frente a la estructura cerebral; ésta es más que regresión hacia los átomos del conocimiento, que para los analíticos clásicos está en el exterior. A la arquitectura cognitiva cerebral se la puede vislumbrar como un todo sintético que conjunta las dimensiones internas de la naturaleza humana con la externa, es decir que toma en cuenta tanto la exterioridad como la naturalidad y parte de ambas; en efecto el ordenamiento inteligente sabe bordar lo instintivo y límbico con los datos que le da la sensorialidad y a su vez lo instintivo-límbico en lo lingüístico-lógico y lo sensorial en lo lingüístico-lógico para la plani cación y la decisión, elementos muy propios y al mismo tiempo simultáneos en la estructura cerebral. Por lo tanto, el absolutizar la analítica es realmente una reducción del conocimiento, más aún, la reducción del signi cado de los contenidos a los hechos y a la materia, es un contradictorio cerebral, por la naturaleza misma de su estructura que no parcializa ni reduce nada como si es el caso de lo analítico. El empirismo clásico y el del siglo pasado delante de los estudios de la estructura y funcionamiento del cerebro, resulta ser parcial, pues poseen una estructura reduccionista que se asimila totalitaria. No es que sea inválido totalmente, sino que es parcialmente válido, es decir que, si se analizan los contenidos desde la sensorialidad cerebral, es más o menos coherente, pero actualmente, quedarse sólo en ese campo e interpretación, e impertinencia cognitiva.
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- 2017
47. El Sistema límbico y las emociones: empatía en humanos y primates
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Azucena Valdovinos de Yahya, Mónica Méndez-Díaz, David Iñaki López Mejía, and Víctor Mendoza-Fernández
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emociones ,evolución ,CPG ,empatía ,Psychology ,Sistema límbico ,Humanities ,Psicología - Abstract
El sistema límbico es un conjunto de estructuras cerebrales que responden a ciertos estímulos ambientales produciendo respuestas emocionales; como: miedo, alegría, enojo o tristeza. Aunque dichas emociones han sido consideradas características únicas del humano, Chales Darwin las describió en varias especies y en animales cercanos en la escala filogenética del humano, como los primates. A principios del siglo XIX se describió el mecanismo por el cual este sistema regula las emociones y cómo los seres humanos reconocen y comparten las mismas (empatía). La descripción de los generadores de patrones centrales (CPG’s), como estructuras anatómico-funcionales conservadas evolutivamente, sugiere su participación en la regulación de varias actividades, incluidas las emociones y la empatía. Lo que daría un carácter de universalidad e incluso de reconocimiento conductual inter especies. En el presente trabajo se relaciona al sistema límbico y a los CPG’s como estructuras involucradas en la empatía en los humanos y primates.
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- 2009
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48. Anatomía Cerebral del mono araña Ateles geoffroyi estudiada utilizando imágenes de resonancia magnética. Primer reporte: estudio comparativo con el cerebro humano Homo Sapiens
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Chico-Ponce de León, Fernando, Platas-Neri, Diana, Muñoz-Delgado, Jairo, Santillán-Doherty, Ana-María, Arenas-Rosas, Rita, Trejo, David, Conde, Rubén, Ojeda-Flores, Rafael, Campos-Romo, Aurelio, Castro-Sierra, Eduardo, Cervantes, Juan, and Braun, Marc
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lcsh:R5-920 ,genetic structures ,lcsh:R ,lcsh:Medicine ,Salud ,Amygdala ,complex mixtures ,Sistema límbico ,Hippocampus ,Amígdala del Cerebelo ,nervous system ,Hipocampo ,Limbic System ,lcsh:Medicine (General) - Abstract
The objective of the present qualitative study was to analyze the morphological aspects of the inner cerebral anatomy of two species of primates, using magnetic resonance images (MRI): spider monkey (A. geoffroyi) and human (H. sapiens), on the basis of a comparative study of the cerebral structures of the two species, focusing upon the brain of the spider monkey and, primarily, its limbic system. In spite of being an endemic Western hemisphere species, a fact which is by its own right interesting for research due to this animal’s social organization and motor functions, the spider monkey (A. geoffroyi) has hardly been studied in regard to its neuroanatomy. MRI was carried out, in one spider monkey, employing a General Electric Signa 1.5 T scanner. This investigation was carried in accordance to international regulations for the protection of animals in captivity, taking into account all protective means utilized in experimental handling, and not leaving behind any residual effects, either physiological or behavioral. From a qualitative point of view, the brains of the spider monkey and the human were found to have similar structures. In reference to shape, the most similar structures were found in the limbic system; proportionally, however, cervical curvature, amygdala, hippocampus, anterior commissure and the colliculi, were larger in the spider monkey than in the human. El objetivo del presente estudio cualitativo fue analizar los aspectos morfológicos de la anatomía cerebral interna utilizando imágenes de resonancia magnética (IRM) en dos especies de primates, El mono Araña (A. geoffroyi) y el humano (H. sapiens), tomando como base un estudio comparativo de las estructuras cerebrales de las dos especies, concentrándose primordialmente en el sistema límbico del cerebro del mono araña. Aunque es una especie común en el hemisferio occidental, es interesante para estudiar dada su organización social y funciones motoras, el mono araña (A. geoffroyi) ha sido poco estudiado en cuanto a su neuroanatomía. Las IRM fueron hechas a un mono araña utilizando un resonador General Electrics Signa 1.5 T. Esta investigación se llevo a cabo conforme a las leyes internacionales para la protección de animales en cautiverio y teniendo en cuenta todas las medidas de protección para el manejo experimental para evitar cualquier efecto residual de índole comportamental o fisiológico. Desde un punto de vista cualitativo, los cerebros del mono araña y el humano tenían estructuras similares. Con respecto a la forma, las estructuras más parecidas fueron encontradas en el sistema límbico, sin embargo la curvatura cervical, la amígdala, el hipocampo, la comisura anterior y el colículo fueron más grandes proporcionalmente en el mono araña que en el humano.
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- 2009
49. Neurobiologia das emoções Neurobiology of the emotions
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Vanderson Esperidião-Antonio, Marilia Majeski-Colombo, Diana Toledo-Monteverde, Glaciele Moraes-Martins, Juliana José Fernandes, Marjorie Bauchiglioni de Assis, and Rodrigo Siqueira-Batista
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neurociências ,Limbic system ,lcsh:RC435-571 ,lcsh:Psychiatry ,neurosciences ,neurobiology ,emoções ,emotions ,Sistema límbico ,neurobiologia - Abstract
CONTEXTO: A "natureza" das emoções é um dos temas arcaicos do pensamento ocidental, sendo tematizada em diferentes manifestações da cultura como a arte, a religião, a filosofia e a ciência, desde tempos imemoriais. Nos últimos anos, o avanço das neurociências possibilitou a construção de hipóteses para a explicação das emoções, especialmente a partir dos estudos envolvendo o sistema límbico. OBJETIVOS: Apresentar uma discussão atualizada acerca da neurobiologia dos processos relativos às emoções, demarcando suas conexões com o controle neurovegetativo. MÉTODOS: Revisão da literatura e reflexão crítica dos textos obtidos. RESULTADOS: Apresentação das principais estruturas neurais relativas às emoções, suas vias e circuitos de maior relevância, os neurotransmissores implicados, seguindo-se uma discussão sobre as principais emoções. CONCLUSÕES: Espera-se que o presente manuscrito possa contribuir à difusão de idéias sobre o sistema das emoções, as quais poderão motivar futuros estudos capazes de elucidar pontos ainda em aberto.BACKGROUND: The "nature" of emotions is one of the archaic subjects of the western thought, being the theme choice in diverse manifestations of culture - as in art, religion, philosophy and science - from time immemorial. In recent years the advances in Neurosciences have made it possible to build hypotheses to explain emotions, a possibility derived particularly from the studies involving the limbic system. OBJECTIVES: To present an updated discussion about the neurobiology of the processes relating to emotions and their connections with neurovegetative control. METHODS: Review of the literature on the subject. RESULTS: An updated account of the main neural structures related with emotions, the pathways and circuits of greater relevance as well as the regarding neurotransmitters. The neurobiological aspects of emotions are also discussed. DISCUSSION: It is expected that the present paper can contribute to the dissemination of ideas about the limbic system, hopefully motivating future studies able to elucidate points still to be approached.
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- 2008
50. A imobilidade tônica em pombos (Columba livia): aspectos etológicos, fisiológicos e neuroanatômicos de uma resposta defensiva a uma ameaça inescapável
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Melleu, Fernando Falkenburger, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Marino Neto, José, and Oliveira, Cilene Lino de
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Neurociências ,Temperatura corporal ,Mesencefalo ,Frequencia cardíaca ,Pombo ,Sistema límbico - Abstract
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Florianópolis, 2016. Introdução: A imobilidade tônica (IT) é uma resposta defensiva inata, presente em vertebrados e invertebrados, caracterizada por um estado reversível de profunda inibição comportamental, acompanhada de uma diminuição de responsividade e perda total ou parcial do tônus antigravitacional. A IT é um comportamento conservado em vertebrados, podendo ser observado em diversas espécies de peixes, anfíbios, répteis, aves e mamíferos e nestes animais é desencadeado pela contenção e restrição de movimentos do animal. A IT, portanto, parece ser uma resposta defensiva utilizada como último recurso durante o ataque de predadores. Estudos sobre este fenômeno, realizados principalmente em mamíferos (roedores e lagomorfos) e aves (galiformes) verificaram que a IT é acompanhada de uma série de alterações de variáveis fisiológicas como pressão arterial, frequência cardíaca, temperatura e de níveis plasmáticos de glicocorticóides comparáveis àquelas observadas em outras reações defensivas. Entretanto, esta reação foi pouco estudada do ponto de vista etológico e fisiológico em pombos (C. livia). Mesmo em mamíferos e galiformes, pouco se conhece sobre os circuitos encefálicos, especialmente circuitos mesencefálicos e límbicos, que atuam no controle deste comportamento. Métodos: Neste trabalho descrevemos o comportamento de IT em pombos e realizamos um estudo sobre atributos etológicos da IT, como a sua distribuição em uma coorte e habituação por meio de re-testes. Também foram avaliados parâmetros fisiológicos de temperatura corporal interna e frequência cardíaca (FC) em pombos durante a IT, utilizando aferências através da implantação de sensores telemétricos na cavidade celomática, bem como a avaliação da temperatura corporal externa utilizando termografia por detecção de infravermelho. Utilizando métodos imunoistoquímicos para detecção da proteína c-Fos, verificamos o padrão de ativação neural em diversas regiões mesencefálicas e límbicas de pombos após a indução da IT, ou manipulação em comparação com pombos não-manipulados, e, no hipotálamo, verificamos a ativação de células CRH+ utilizando dupla marcação CRH/c-Fos. Resultados: Durante a IT, pombos apresentaram movimentos palpebrais e movimentos de cabeça que se alteram com o tempo em imobilidade. O comportamento de IT é prevalente na população sendo que apenas 5% dos animais não exibe imobilidade após a contenção. A duração de IT em pombos é alterada quando o teste é repetido por 4 vezes em intervalos de 7 dias ou 24h, entretanto, 4 repetições in tandem parecem aumentar, ainda que de maneira não significante a duração da imobilidade. Tanto a temperatura interna quanto a FC aumentam de maneira significante nos períodos iniciais da IT, porém estes aumentos também podem ser observados em animais apenas manipulados. A temperatura corporal externa diminui em uma relação linear com a duração da IT. A indução da IT promove o aumento da expressão de c-Fos em áreas mesencefálicas: n. intercolicular (lateral e medial), substancia cinzenta periventricular e n. mesencefalico lateral, e límbicas: Arcopallium dorsal, Arcopallium itermédio, região dorsolateral ventral do hipocampo, área septal lateral e do núcleo intersticial da estria terminal. No hipotálamo, tanto a IT quanto a manipulação provocaram um aumento da ativação de células CRH+. Conclusão: A IT é um comportamento prevalente em pombos e não é homogêneo em sua duração. Tanto a IT quanto a manipulação promove respostas fisiológicas de temperatura e FC semelhantes, sugerindo que essas respostas sejam comuns ao estresse em pombos. A indução da IT promove ativação de áreas mesencefálicas comparáveis à região periaqueductal de mamíferos (PAG), também envolvida com comportamentos de defesa. A indução da IT promove a ativação de regiões límbicas no encéfalo do pombo comparáveis a áreas que também estão envolvidas em respostas defensivas em mamíferos, sugerindo que esta resposta é modulada por circuitos prosencefálicos descendentes e que circuitos controlando essa resposta podem ser conservados em amniotas. Abstract : Introduction: Tonic Immobility (TI) is as innate defensive response, seen in vertebrates and invertebrates, characterized by a reversible state of profound behavioral inhibition, accompanied by a lack of responsiveness ad partial or total loss of antigravitational tonus. TI is a conserved behavior across vertebrates, being observed in several species of fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. In these animals, the TI is achieved by restraining the animals movements in a inverted position. Therefore, TI is interpreted as a defensive response utilized as the last resort against predator attacks. Studies about this phenomenon, done especially in mammals (rodents and lagomorphs) and birds (galliforms) showed that TI is accompanied by a series of alterations of physiological variables such as arterial pressure, heart rate, temperature and plasmatic levels of glucocorticoids comparable to those seen in other defensive reactions. Nevertheless, this reaction was studied to a lesser extent, regarding its ethological and physiological features in pigeons (C. livia). Even in mammals and galliform birds, little is known of the encephalic circuitry, especially of the mesencephalic and limbic, that controls this behavior. Methods: In this study we describe the TI behavior in pigeons and its ethological attributes, as well as its distribution in a cohort and its habituation by means of re-testing. Heart rate and core temperature during TI were also evaluated by implanting telemetric sensors into the celomatic cavity of pigeons. External body temperature during TI was evaluated utilizing thermographic detection of infrared. Utilizing immunohistochemical detection of c-Fos we evaluated de pattern of neural activation in mesencephalic and limbic brain regions after TI induction or handling in comparison with non-handled controls, and, in the hypothalamus we assessed the activation of CRH+ cells in the PVN utilizing double-labeling CRH/c-Fos. Results: We found that TI is a prevalent behavior in a cohort of pigeons whereas only 5% of animals failed to become immobile after movement restraint. During TI they presented eyelid and head movements that changed over TI duration. The TI duration in pigeons is not altered after 4 repetitions in intervals of 7 days or 24 hours, however 4 repetitions in tandem seemed to increase (not significantly) the TI duration. Both the core temperature and heart rate showed increases in the beginning of TI of pigeons; however, these increases were not significantly different from those observed after manipulation; We found that the external temperature of pigeons linearly decreases with the duration of tonic immobility. TI induction in pigeons caused an increase in c-Fos expression in mesencephalic areas: intercolicularis (lateral e medial), stratum griseum periventriculares and n. mesencephalicus lateralis, pars dorsalis and limbic areas: dorsal Arcopallium, Arcopallium intermedium, ventral dorsolateral region of the hippocampus, lateral septal area and in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. In the hypothalamus, both IT and handling increased de number of activated CRH+ neurons Conclusion: Tonic immobility is a prevalent behavior in pigeons. This behavior is not homogenous. Both TI and manipulation promote physiological responses of temperature and heart rate, suggesting that these responses are common to stress reactions in general and not byproducts of the TI itself. The induction of TI promotes increases in neural activity in mesencephalic regions comparable to the mammalian periaqueductal region (PAG), also implicated in the control of defensive behaviors. The IT induction elicit neuronal activity in limbic regions of the pigeon brain comparable to areas that are also involved with defensive responses in mammals, suggesting that this response is modulated by descending prosencephalic pathways, and that the circuits controlling this response may be highly conserved in amniotes.
- Published
- 2016
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