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Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Condiment is the property of China Condiment and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Chongqing University of Technology (Natural Science) is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: This study aimed to screen and identify chitinase-producing strains and optimize the fermentation conditions of the target bacteria, which were eventually applied to the degradation fermentation of shrimp shells. Methods: The chitin degradation bacteria were screened on chitin hydrolysis zone taking marine mud from beach in Yancheng as samples, identified via bioinformatics technology, and analyzed in the form of phylogenetic tree. Fermentation conditions for the target strains were modified depending on the single-factor experiment. Results: Photobacterium sp. LYM-1, Vibrio sp. WM-1, and Shewanella sp. ZXY-1 were isolated and identified via 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The optimal fermentation conditions were determined as follows: For Photobacterium sp. LYM-1, chitin (10 g/L) as the carbon source, NH4Cl (2.0 g/L) as the nitrogen source, the inoculated quantified of 3%, initial medium pH6.5, and 32 ℃ for 1 d, in which the highest chitinase activity in the supernatant reached 15.37±0.55 U/mL, achieving 4.37 times higher than that before optimization. For Vibrio sp. WM-1, chitin (10 g/L) as the carbon source, NH4Cl (2.0 g/L) as the nitrogen source, the inoculated quantified of 3%, initial medium pH7.5, and 22 ℃ for 2 d, in which the highest chitinase activity reached 40.82±6.03 U/mL, achieving 1.60 times higher than that before optimization. For Shewanella sp. ZXY-1, chitin (10 g/L) as the carbon source, (NH4)2SO4 (2.0 g/L) as the nitrogen source, the inoculated quantified of 3%, initial medium pH6.5, and 22 ℃ for 1 d, which contributed the highest chitinase activity to reaching 25.64±3.29 U/mL，achieving 2.47 times higher than that before optimization. All three strains in this study could realize chitinase production under optimized conditions using shrimp shell powder as the sole substrate. The chitinase activities of Photobacterium sp. LYM-1, Vibrio sp. WM-1, and Shewanella sp. ZXY-1 on shrimp shell powders were 10.25±0.95, 32.16±2.25 and 21.81±4.27 U/mL, respectively, which was lower than those on chitin powder. Conclusion: Three chitinase-producing strains were successfully screened from saline-alkali soil, of which the enzyme activity was elevated after optimization. All of them could produce chitinase with the shrimp shell utilized as the substrate, serving as potential strains for chitinase production from the fermentation of shrimp shell.

Copyright of Machine Tool & Hydraulics is the property of Guangzhou Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (GMERI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Methyl ivermectin and ethyl ivermectin, as a new kind of avermectin derivatives with high efficacy and low toxicity, were obtained from a genetically engineered strain Streptomyces avermitilis AVE-H39 and have a good prospect of development and application. Bioassay results showed that the insecticidal activity of ethyl ivermectin against the agricultural and forestry pests including Tetranychus cinnabarinus and Bursaphelenchus xylophilus was higher than that of methyl ivermectin. However, the industrial development of ethyl ivermectin is restricted by its low fermentation titer. In this research, a mutant strain with a higher fermentation yield of ethyl ivermectin was obtained through multiple rounds of mutagenesis and breeding. The fermentation medium was improved by Plackett-Burman experimental design and Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology (RSM). The optimized fermentation condition was corn starch 149.8 g/L, soybean flour 38.1 g/L, (NH4)2SO4 3.04 g/L, mannitol 30.0 g/L, yeast extract 20.0 g/L, CaCO3 3.0 g/L, CoCl2 0.01 mg/L, FeSO4 0.002 mg/L, rotation speed 220 r/min, initial pH 7.2, 30 mL medium per 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks, inoculum volume 5%, fermentation temperature 28 ℃. Under the optimized condition, the fermentation titer of ethyl ivermectin reached the maximum value of 4 965 mg/L. This research lay the foundation for the development of the new sixteen-membered macrolide insecticide ethyl ivermectin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of seven alkaloids in Semen Nelumbinis and its products, the extraction technology and HPLC method were optimized by the single factor experiment. Methods: Firstly, the samples were extracted ultrasonically with 1% formic acid ethanol and purified by PXC SPE column. Then, the extracts and the purified liquid were taken after concentration with nitrogen for quantitative analysis of seven alkaloids by HPLC method. Next, the contents of alkaloids in five samples were determined. Results: The method was fully validated and the result showed that seven kinds of alkaloids had good linear relation in the corresponding range of mass concentration, r2 > 0.999, where the detection limit was 0.5–1.5 mg/kg, the quantification limit was 1.25–4.5 mg/kg, the recovery was 83.33–116.04%, and the RSD of detection method was 1.06–5.25% (n = 7). In five samples, the contents of Lotusine and Neferine were the highest, Berberine Hydrochloride was not detected. Conclusion: This method is simple, sensitive, accurate and reproducible, and it can realize the quantitative analysis and chemical separation of seven kinds of common alkaloids in Semen Nelumbinis and its products and provide a theoretical method for the simultaneous determination of alkaloids. The extraction yields of alkaloids in Semen Nelumbinis can be increased through the extraction process, which is optimized by a single factor experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3,4-Dihydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-chroman derivatives have diverse physiological properties. A polyketone (3S,4S)-3,4-Dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2,2-dimethylchromom (3S,4S-DMD) with antibacterial activity was isolated from the solid culture of rare edible fungus Panus lecomtei. However, the yield of 3S,4S-DMD in solid culture of P. lecomtei is very low and the production period are too long. In this work, efficient accumulation of 3S,4S-DMD in P. lecomtei by submerged fermentation is studied. The key fermentation factors of P. lecomtei for 3S,4S-DMD production were optimised by single-factor experiment successively, and then a Box-Behnken design (BBD) experiment was carried out to further enhance 3S,4S-DMD production. A maximum 3S,4S-DMD yield of 196.3 mg/L was obtained at 25.78 g/L glucose, 1.67 g/L MgSO4 · 7H2O, 40°C and 197 r/min, respectively, which increased by 1.3-fold in comparison with that in the non-optimised fermentation conditions. Furthermore, an enhanced yield of 3S,4S-DMD (261.6 mg/L) was obtained in 5-L agitated fermenter. The 3S,4S-DMD productivity in flask and fermenter reached to 7.26 and 8.07 mg/g per day, respectively, which considerably increased by over 121-fold in comparison with that in the solid fermentation (0.06 mg/g per day). This study presents a potential method for the production of 3S,4S-DMD by submerged fermentation.

The drug crystallization process is a very important part in drug industry production process. Single factor experiment was conducted to evaluate the crystal yield and particle size distribution of istradefylline. The effects of initial concentration of crystallization solution, amount of anti-solvent, crystallization temperature, aging time and dripping speed of anti-solvent were investigated. By analyzing various influencing factors, the optimal crystallization conditions of istradefylline were obtained. The initial conc-entration of crystallization solution was 12 mg/mL, the volume fraction ratio of water to DMF was 3:1, the dripping speed was 2 mL/min, the crystallization temperature was 20 ℃, and the aging time was 60 min. The crystal of istradefylline was short needle shape with yield, mean grain size and coefficient of variation of 93.7%, 12.6 μm and 4.25, respectively, which provided basic basis and reference for preparing high-quality products of istradefylline in industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silk originated in China and has thousands of years of history and cultural heritage. To date the sericulture and silk industry is a global leader in scale with cocoon and raw silk production accounting for over 80% of the world's production. As one of the main export commodities cocoon silk plays an important role in China's economic construction. In the traditional silk making and weaving process the silkworms spin silk to construct cocoons which are reeled by boiling and brushing the cocoons then go through the processes of vacuum wetting re-reeling weaving and packing unpacking and soaking drying and finally go through winding for production and weaving. The whole process is long and complicated with the silk going through unwinding unpacking after make-up in skein and packing repeated drying and water absorption resulting in disorderly strand silk making it difficult for the subsequent process to proceed smoothly reducing production efficiency and increasing waste of resources. In silk production the presence of silk gum reduces the softness of the strand silk and increases the frictional resistance of the fibre surface leading to breakage in the winding and weaving processes. In order to make the raw silk meet the weaving requirements auxiliaries are usually added to the cocoon boiling and silk soaking processes to soften the silk gum improve its soft and smooth feel and enhance the silk weaving performance. In addition a good drying process of strand silk can make the small reel skein not easy to cause adhesiveness and facilitate the rewinding of strand silk. At present most of the silk reeling factories use steam heating to dry the skein. This method has the problems of uneven heating large amount of coal used in the heating process and being unfriendly to the environment. Infrared drying as a new drying technology is essentially a radiation heat transfer process of infrared ray. Its heating speed is fast and the heating process is easy to control. It is an efficient energy-saving and environmentally friendly heating technology and it has been widely used in agriculture food textile and other industries. In response to the traditional process with many procedures many workers and low efficiency we are eager to make a new breakthrough in shortening the process and improving efficiency. Therefore this paper proposes a new short process of "oiling + infrared drying" to wind small reel raw silk on the bobbins. The process combines reeling oiling soaking and drying to produce small reel skein that can be wound on the bobbins eliminating the need for vacuum wetting rereeling soaking and drying. Based on the automatic reeling machine the reeling oiling and infrared drying device is designed. The reeling oiling and infrared drying device includes two parts the oiling device and the infrared drying device. By using the single factor experiment method the influence of the technical parameters of the infrared drying device on the moisture regain of the small reel skein and the influence of the technical parameters of the oiling device on the number of broken ends mechanical properties and cohesion performance of the winding silk are analyzed. The optimal process parameters are determined and the performance of the reeled raw silk under the optimal process parameters is compared with the cone winded raw silk obtained by the traditional process. The results show that as for the infrared drying parameters two gold-plated heating tubes are used as the infrared lamp tube and the infrared drying temperature is set at 55 ℃. The parameters of the oiling device are as follows the rotating speed of the oiling drum is 15 r/ min and the oiling drum is turned from outside to inside which is consistent with the small reel turn. Under the optimum technical parameters of the process the mechanical properties of the raw silk are improved and there is no significant difference between the cohesion and surface morphology compared with the traditional bobbin raw silk. The newly-proposed oiling and infrared drying device on small reels can make the obtained small silk reel skein be directly and smoothly unwound into bobbin silk for weaving so as to meet the production requirements and shorten the process flow. This provides a new idea and theoretical basis for improving the efficiency of silk production and promoting the development of the cocoon and silk industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3,4-Dihydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-chroman derivatives have diverse physiological properties. A polyketone (3S,4S)-3,4-Dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2,2-dimethylchromom (3S,4S-DMD) with antibacterial activity was isolated from the solid culture of rare edible fungus Panus lecomtei. However, the yield of 3S,4S-DMD in solid culture of P. lecomtei is very low and the production period are too long. In this work, efficient accumulation of 3S,4S-DMD in P. lecomtei by submerged fermentation is studied. The key fermentation factors of P. lecomtei for 3S,4S-DMD production were optimised by single-factor experiment successively, and then a Box-Behnken design (BBD) experiment was carried out to further enhance 3S,4S-DMD production. A maximum 3S,4S-DMD yield of 196.3 mg/L was obtained at 25.78 g/L glucose, 1.67 g/L MgSO4 · 7H2O, 40°C and 197 r/min, respectively, which increased by 1.3-fold in comparison with that in the non-optimised fermentation conditions. Furthermore, an enhanced yield of 3S,4S-DMD (261.6 mg/L) was obtained in 5-L agitated fermenter. The 3S,4S-DMD productivity in flask and fermenter reached to 7.26 and 8.07 mg/g per day, respectively, which considerably increased by over 121-fold in comparison with that in the solid fermentation (0.06 mg/g per day). This study presents a potential method for the production of 3S,4S-DMD by submerged fermentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Science & Technology & Economy is the property of Grain Science & Technology & Economy Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Science & Technology & Economy is the property of Grain Science & Technology & Economy Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Study on optimum extraction technology and antioxidant activity of crude polysaccharides from Fructus arctii, based on single factor test, the three main factors affecting extration of crude polysaccharides yield from Fructus arctii were potimized by response surface methodology. The extraction technology was optimized by single factor and response surface analysis.The antioxidant activity of crude polysaccharides of Fructus arctii was evaluated by DPPH radical scavening rate, hydroxyl radical scavenging rate, superoxide anion radical scavenging rate and iron ion reduction ability. The optimal extraction technology was as follow: ultrasonic time was 62.42 min, extraction temperature was 83.89 ℃,solid to liquid ratio was 1∶25.42 g/mL and the predicted yield of crude polysaccharide was 14.28%.The experimental results showed that the actual yield of polysaccharide was 14.02% with the conditions of ultrasonic time 63 min, extraction temperature 84 ℃ and solid to liquid ratio 1∶25 g/mL and was close to the prediction test. In vitro antioxidant studies showed that in the range of 0.1～3.2 mg/mL, crude polysacchrides of Fructus arctii had strong antioxidant activity. The maximum scavenging rates of DPPH, hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion radical were 58.89%,63.61% and 82.53%,respecctively, and the absorbance of iron reduction ability was 0.197 5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the influence of the two-stage extrusion process on the quality of instant rice noodle, the key parameters of the two-stage extrusion process including: the first and second stage extruder barrel temperature, the first and second stage extruder screw speed, feeding speed, and the template hole diameter were taken as the single factor research objects, and the single factor experiment and response surface experiment were used to optimize them. The results show that the optimization of extrusion parameters can improve the quality of instant rice noodle in a certain range. The final optimization of the two-stage extrusion process parameters are as follows: the first stage extruder barrel temperature was 173 ℃,the second stage extruder barrel temperature was 39 ℃, the first stage extruder screw speed was 30 Hz, the second stage extruder screw speed was 20 Hz, the feeding speed was 11.8hz, and the template aperture was 0.7 mm. Under this condition, the instant rice noodle product is made with Strong fragrance and good comprehensive quality which can reach market product quality. This study can provide a reference for the continuous production of instant rice noodle.

Elastic belt, also known as elastic band, is a high-elasticity fabric usually made of polyester, polyamide and rubber silk, and belongs to one of the major categories of ribbon industry production. It is widely used as a necessary auxiliary material for sewing traditional sports goods, industrial goods and household goods and is also mainly used as a fastening material for cuffs, shoe linings, leg openings, hat linings, collars, waistbands and other places close to the human body. At present, most of the functional elastic belt products on the market are wet permeable, antibacterial, comfortable, UV resistant and yellowing resistant, etc. However, such products are used in some high-temperature operations, transportation tools, medical and health environment and laboratories, etc., which may easily cause fire accidents. Polylactic acid (PLA) is a green and environmentally friendly fiber. Despite its poor flame retardancy, it has the characteristics of renewable and biodegradable raw materials. It can be made into elastic belt products for flame-retardant modification, which can not only improve its use security, but also can be degraded into lactic acid, CO2 and water under natural conditions after being discarded, without pollution to the environment. In order to improve the flame retardancy of environmentally friendly polylactic acid (PLA) elastic belt, the biodegradable characteristics of PLA fiber were studied to interweave woven elastic belt with flame retardant rubber silk. Firstly, a cyclic phosphate ester flame retardant with low toxicity, low smoke and high flame retardant efficiency was used to conduct flame retardant modification and finishing of PLA/ plastic silk woven elastic belt by impregnation baking process. On this basis, the effects of the concentration of flame retardant, impregnation temperature and impregnation time on the flame retardancy of elastic belt were discussed. Among them, a three-level three-factor orthogonal test was designed with the average burning length as the evaluation index through range analysis method. It was found that the primary and secondary factors affecting the flame retardant performance of the elastic belt were: flame retardant concentration > impregnation time > impregnation temperature. The flame retardant effect was good when flame retardant concentration and impregnation temperature were at level 3, while the flame retardant effect was the optimal when the impregnation time was at level 2. Based on this, a single factor optimization experiment was performed to explore the influence of the separate change of flame retardant concentration on the average burning length of the elastic belt, then to discuss the variation rules of the average burning length and strength loss of the elastic belt at different impregnation temperatures, and finally to obtain the optimal process conditions of flame retardant impregnation and finishing. On this basis, the article adopted orthogonal experiment, range analysis and single factor experiment to optimize the impregnation, baking and flame-retardant finishing process of PLA/ plastic silk woven elastic belt. The study found that the optimal flame retardant impregnation process conditions are: flame retardant concentration 250 g / L, impregnation temperature 50, impregnation time 2 h. Through the above process finishing, the flame retardant index of PLA/ plastic silk woven elastic belt reached FAR 25. 853, 1995 American aviation material fire test standard, and exhibited excellent flame retardant effect. The relationship between the impregnation and baking finishing process conditions and the flame retardant performance of PLA/ plastic silk woven elastic belt can provide revelations for the R&D of flame-retardant elastic belt products. From the perspective of product application, when used in transportation vehicles, sitting bedding, fire-fighting clothing, and software fasteners such as equipment, experimental clothing and equipment, and medical clothing and equipment, it is expected to effectively reduce potential safety hazards, without pollutions to the environment after being discarded. The research results can provide referential suggestions for the design and development of flame-retardant and environmentally friendly elastic belt products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To study the feasibility of the response surface analysis method in the similar simulation ratio, the similar simulation single factor experiment was carried out with three factors: sand content, cement content and gypsum dosage. The test data was obtained by Design-Exper.V8.0.6 software. Regression fitting was performed to obtain an optimized experimental scheme, and finally the optimized experimental scheme against compressive strength was verified. The test results show that the compressive strength obtained by the test differs from the theoretical data by 1.22%, which is not much different from the theoretical prediction. It shows that the similar simulation test designed by response surface analysis method has high fitting and accuracy. The method can be applied to the similar simulation test ratio.

In this paper, protection effects of four oxygen scavengers including sodium erythorbate, ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate, cysteine hydrochloride and five prebiotics including stachyose, Fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS), Isomalto-oligosaccharide (IOS), Xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS), Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) on the microencapsulation of xanthan gum / chitosan Bifidobacterium bifidum BB01 were investigated by single factor experiment and two-level fractional factorial design. The single factor experiment showed that ascorbic acid, sodium erythorbat in oxygen scavengers and XOS, GOS in prebiotics could get higher viable counts and encapsulation yield for preparation of Bifidobacterium bifidum BB01 microcapsules. It also indicated that the variable factors such as sodium erythorbate, XOS and ascorbic acid were significant both for viable counts and encapsulation yield by two-level fractional factorial design. Therefore, these three factors can be further optimized to improve the protection of probiotics by microcapsule technology. So that more probiotics reach the intestines and have a beneficial effect on the human body.

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• A 3 kW integrated solar ORC heating and power generation system was designed and established. • Single factor experiments were carried out to analyse the small-scale system performance. • The average power generation efficiency of the system is 6.8% and the COP is 3.5. Driving organic Rankine cycle (ORC) for power and heating by solar thermal energy can reduce the carbon emissions generated by traditional power and heating supply. In order to enable the ORC system to better utilize clean energy or waste heat according to different thermal or electrical needs, a 3 kW solar-ORC integrated heating and power generation system with water-antifreeze thermal storage was designed and established, which was more reliable, integrated, and suitable for household. BY-3 was adopted as the working medium in the system. Single factor experiments were carried out under the conditions of variable heat source temperature with −10 ∼ 120 ℃, variable cold source temperature with −20 ∼ 40 ℃, and variable motor speed with 400–1800 rpm, to analyse the system performance under different conditions. Power generation efficiency, net power generation efficiency, COP, and the proportion of solar energy were adopted to characterize the performance. Through experiments, it is found that BY-3 was suitable for the system. Besides, the average power generation efficiency of the system was 6.8 % and the COP was 3.5, which could provide basic experimental data for the miniaturization and family-oriented of integrated solar-ORC heating and power generation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The extraction of concentrated volatile oils from various plant species is generally carried out by hydrodistillation technique. However, this hydrodistillation technique is expensive owing to more solvent and energy consumption. In this study, effect of ultrasonic pre-treatment prior to hydrodistillation on extraction of Cinnamomum cassia bark oil was evaluated. Process variables for extraction were optimized by Taguchi method. Results revealed that ultrasound pre-treatment hydrodistillation (UAHD) can enhance the yield of the extracted oil when compared with conventional hydrodistillation (HD) technique. To predict the yield of the extracted essential oil significant mathematical model was developed. Optimum parameters were determined according to the mathematical model they were: solid loading 25 g, ultrasound power 600 W, extraction time 35 min, and solvent quantity 100 ml. Further, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) results of C. cassia bark oil revealed that UAHD produced more oxygenated compounds than HD extraction method. In addition, UAHD was found to be less energy consuming and environmentally safer than HD extraction method. Moreover, FT-IR spectra indicate that the effect of UAHD extraction method released all the volatile compounds from treated C. cassia bark powder. Finally, the optimum parameters were confirmed by the experiments performed, in which the yield of the oil of 3.17% was obtained. This study demonstrated that ultrasound pre-treatment prior to hydrodistillation could be useful to extract bioactive compounds with reduction in extraction time for extraction of C. cassia bark oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] This study was conducted to screen best process parameters for making Foshou yam and honey can. [Methods] The Foshou yam produced from Wuxue was used as a raw material to prepare Foshou yam and honey nutritional can by combining Foshou yam with honey through screening, pre-cook-ing, filling, exhausting, cooling and other technical processes. The optimum technology parameter of Foshou yam and honey nutritional can was studied through single factor tests and response surface optimization. [Results] The optimum technical parameters of Foshou yam and honey nutritional can were citric acid concentration 0.1%, amount of edible salt 0.1%, cooking time 14 min and honey concentration 26%. Under these conditions, the final sensory score was 90. 20. The prepared can was not only rich in nutrition, but also had good flavor and taste. [Conclusions] This study provides reference for the development and utilization of Foshou yam and the research and development of functional food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fracturing technology is one of the main methods for the development of low-permeability and low-pressure oil and gas reservoirs. Thickener is the key treatment agent in the fracturing fluid to improve the fracturing effect. The guar film is reacted with chloroacetic acid and propylene oxide under the action of sodium hydroxide to form carboxymethylhy-droxypropyl guar. By detailed and precise observation and analysis of the performance of the modified product affected by factors such as the amount of propylene oxide, the material ratio, and the reaction temperature, the most suitable synthetic process conditions were determined. The volume ratio of the guar film, sodium hydroxide, ring oxypropane, and chloroacetic acid is 1: 0.2: 0.15: 0.2. The components were alkalized at 25℃ for 40min, and etheri-fied at 85℃ for 3h. The insoluble content of carbox-ymethylhydroxypropyl guar gum reduced to about 3 %. The viscosity of the product is 110mPa s, which is higher than industry indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parallel Seam Welding (PSW) is the most widely used processing technology in micro crystal resonator packaging. PSW processing involves multiple parameters, and the design of processing plan in actual production lacks theoretical guidance, induces in high experiment cost and low accuracy of experimental results. In order to improve the design efficiency of PSW processing plan, the simulation experiment is designed for studying the effect of key processing parameters. The processing parameters involved in the simulation experiment were determined by analyzing the PSW processing. An electrical, thermal, and force coupled simulation model aiming at the physical process involved in PSW processing was established based on ANSYS. The single-factor experiment based on simulation model was designed in order to determine the effect and the experiment range of PSW processing parameters. In order to obtain the key processing parameters, the significance of PSW processing parameter to the packaging quality was calculated based on orthogonal experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of Botanical Research is the property of Bulletin of Botanical Research Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Botanical Research is the property of Bulletin of Botanical Research Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Henan University of Technology Natural Science Edition is the property of Henan University of Technology Journal Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, the preparation technology of celery fiber for edible starch packaging film was studied to improve its mechanical properties and film-forming properties. The effects of various factors on the mechanical properties of celery fiber edible film were investigated by single factor test, and the optimum technological parameters were determined by orthogonal test. The results showed that when the beating degree of celery fiber was 40°CSR, the temperature of sol was 75°C, the time of sol was 25 minutes, the mixing time was 6 minutes, and the loss of water was 82. 5%, the tensile strength of the membrane was 6. 54 MPa. The elongation at break is 29. 21%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plane slot grinding single factor experiments of nickel-based single crystal superalloy DD5 and polycrystalline superalloy GH4169 were conducted in order to explore the grinding surface processing property of nickel-based superalloy. The influence of grinding wheel linear speed， grinding depth and feed rate on grinding surface quality was concluded. The grinding subsurface microstructure and grinding debris morphology were observed. The results show that: with the increase of grinding wheel linear speed， the grinding surface roughness R○a decreases; with the increase of grinding depth and feed rate， the grinding surface roughness R○a increases. With the same process parameters， the GH4169 is easier to machine and has better grinding performance than the DD5. With the increase of grinding wheel linear speed， a plastic deformation layer appears on the grinding subsurface and plastic deformation action is weakened gradually. The grinding debris mainly presents the serrated and crumbled features， and the serrated debris is dominant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper used cheap celery fiber, starch, glycerin, carrageenan and konjac flour as raw materials to prepare celery plant hollow capsule film. In the experiment, the slurry was made into thin films by tape casting. The effects of various factors on the tensile strength and the elongation at break of the film were investigated by single factor experiments, and the optimum raw material ratio was investigated by orthogonal test. The results show that:When the celery fiber content is 3.5%, when the beating degree of celery fiber is 28°SR, the filtration rate of celery fiber is 35%, the content of starch is 16%, glycerol content is 8%, and carrageenan and konjac powder content is 0.5%, the capsule film had excellent tensile strength and rupture elongation in its single factor experiments. The optimum raw material ratio is3.5% of celery fiber, 16% of starch, 10% of glycerol and 0.5% of carrageenan/konjac powder by orthogonal test. The tensile strength of the capsule film prepared under this condition is 5.36 MPa, and the elongation at break is 44.60%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The micro grinding experiments of high entropy alloys (HEAs) (FeCrCoNiMn and Fe40Mn40Co10Cr10) are conducted by using a JX-1A ultra-precision grinding lathe. The micro grinding orthogonal experiment of HEA was carried out, and the effect degree of grinding parameters on normal grinding force, tangential grinding force, and surface roughness value was obtained respectively. In order to further study the micro grinding characteristics of HEAs, grinding force and surface roughness were investigated by single factor experiment. The micro grinding characteristics of different micro grinding tools and different HEAs have been studied experimentally. The mechanism and mode of material removal of HEAs were analyzed by observing the grinding surface and chip morphology of HEAs. The grinding temperature of HEA is simulated by using Deform-2D finite element process simulation system, which is helpful to predict and control the grinding temperature of HEA in. Finally, the wear of micro grinding tools is investigated, which plays an important role in micro grinding of HEAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objectives] To extract the flavonoids from leaves of Coix lacryma-jobi L. [Metliods] Ethanol extraction method was adopted, spectrophotometry was used, and single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment were carried out to study the effects of ethanol percentage, extraction temperature, solid-to-liquid ratio and extraction time on the extraction of total flavonoids from leaves of C lacryma-jobi L. [Results] The order of 4 factors influencing the extraction of flavonoids from leaves of C lacryma-jobi L. was: solid-to-liquid ratio > extraction time > ethaol percentage > extraction temperature. When the extraction temperature was 70°C, the extraction time was 1.5 h ad the solid-liquid ratio was 1: 10, the ethanol percentage was 60%, the extraction effect was the best, extraction of flavonoids was 0.107 5 mgmL. [Conclusions] This study is expected to provide a theoretical basis for further development and utilization of C. lacryma-jobi L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The finite element simulation and single factor experiment were combined to carry out the research of the influential factors for the milling force of aluminum alloy 6061 in micro-milling. The three-dimensional model of the tool and workpiece was established and assembled， and the mesh was also divided. The micro-milling process of aluminum alloy 6061 material was simulated， and the influence of milling speed and milling depth on the milling force was obtained by the finite element simulation. The single factor experimental study was also conducted. The results showed that: with the increase of spindle speed， the milling force increases first and then decreases， whose turning point is 24000r/min; with the increase of milling depth， the milling force increases first and then decreases and increases， whose turning point is 10μm and 12μm; with the increase of feed rate， the milling force also increases. The optimized parameter combination of aluminum alloy 6061 material in micro-milling is as follows: the spindle speed is 48000r/min， the milling depth is 5μm， and the feed rate is 20μm/s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Clean Coal Technology is the property of Clean Coal Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There are a large volume of phosphate tailings is produced in China each year. If the tailings are inappropriately disposed of, it may cause serious social problem. This paper presents a study to use phosphate mine tailings to make ceramisite materials, which can be used as building material. In the process, the phosphate tailings were mixed with soft interlayer and black shale materials. The effects of mass ratio among phosphate mine tailings, soft interlayer content and black shale and calcination parameters, such as preheating temperature, preheating time, sintering temperature and sintering time, on the properties of the ceramisite were investigated through single factor experimental testing. Based on the results of experimental tests, the calcination process was optimized. The single factor experimental study shows that the phosphorus content, water absorption rate and particle strength exhibit different correlations under the influence of the material ratio and calcination process. Further optimization tests were carried out and the results demonstrate the significance of influence factors following order: sintering temperature > preheating temperature > sintering time > preheating time. The calcination parameters were also obtained through optimization tests. Preheating temperature and time are 350 °C and 9.6 min respectively, and sintering temperature and time are 943 °C and 60 min respectively. Under those optimizing process, the available phosphorus content was determined to be 9.17%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Residual film not only affects the crop emergence and yield but also causes serious soil and environmental damage and affects the smooth operation of the agricultural machinery, so residual film recovery is imperative. Ridge tillage residual film recovery has the same characteristics with the residual film recovery equipment, and it has higher requirements for ridge width of residual film recovery equipment. The plastic film has not been fully utilized and the ridge body is relatively high. Furrow residual film recovery is difficult and a lot of plastic films used can not be completely recovered. A lot of plastic films are buried very deep. As one of the key means to control plastic film residue pollution, mechanically collecting technique of plastic film residue has shown a good developing prospect. But, there are many problems in the existing residual film recycling machines, such as high rate of film wrapping, incomplete recovery of residual film, and so on. Shovel screen type plastic film residue collector has a recycling capacity to the film in soil. It has a good application prospect in the field of ridge tillage plastic film recycling. The high rate of film wrapping for plastic film transport mechanism and the high rate of soil content in residual film after harvest are the major problems in the promotion of shovel screen type plastic film residue collector. To reduce the high film wrapping rate and soil containing rate in residual film after harvest, and improve the working quality of plastic film transport mechanism, single-factor test was used to get the best form of the screen surface structure in this paper. The Box-Benhnken central composite experimental design principle was adopted on the basis of single factor experiment to research the working parameters of the plastic film transport mechanism of shovel screen type plastic film residue collector. The vibrating screen's vibration frequency, vibrating screen amplitude, and distance between jagged pieces were taken as 3 factors which influenced the working quality, and a three-factor and three-level response surface experiment was conducted. In the experiment, when the vibration frequency of vibrating screen was less than 2.3 Hz, the separation effect was poor; when the altitude of vibrating screen was less than 40 mm, the film conveying performance was poor; when the distance between jagged pieces was less than 8 mm, the separation effect was poor; when the vibration frequency of vibrating screen was higher than 4.3 Hz, the resonance phenomenon was serious; when the altitude of vibrating screen was more than 80 mm, the effect of separation was poor; and when the distance between jagged pieces was more than 20 mm, the residual film phenomenon was serious. Therefore, the vibration frequency of vibrating screen was selected from 2.3 to 4.3 Hz, the altitude of vibrating screen from 40 to 80 mm, and the distance between jagged pieces from 8 to 20 mm. The mathematical model of the response surface was established. And the influence of each factor on the working quality was analyzed and each factor was optimized comprehensively. The results showed that the significant effects of vibration screen frequency, distance between jagged pieces and vibrating screen amplitude on reducing the rate of film wrapping were in a decreasing order, and the significant effects of distance between jagged pieces, vibrating screen amplitude and vibration screen frequency on reducing the rate of soil content were in a decreasing order. The best work parameters were as bellow: when the vibrating screen's vibration frequency was 3.9 Hz, the vibrating screen amplitude was 42 mm and the distance between jagged pieces was 15 mm, the rate of film wrapping was 1.72%, and the rate of soil content was 32.81%. Through comparing the mathematical model and the experimental result, it turned out that the relative errors of all the property indices between the two were less than 5%, which meant that the model established was useful and could be used for prediction and optimization. The research results can provide the references for the plastic film transport mechanism of plastic film residue collector and the optimization of working parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]