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Background: Single atrium is very rare congenital cardiac anomaly in adults. The prognosis of patients with single atrium is very poor, with 50% of patients dying owing to cardiopulmonary complications in childhood. Herein, we focused on anesthesia management for noncardiac surgery in patients with single atrium. Case presentation: A 58-year-old male with a history of bilateral varicocele underwent laparotomy for high-position ligation of the spermatic vein. The patient also had a history of single atrium, atrial fibrillation, chronic heart failure, pulmonary hypertension (PH), and complete right bundle branch block (CRBBB). Given the significant complications associated with general anesthesia in patients with PH, we preferred to use low-dose epidural anesthesia for this patient. Transthoracic echocardiography was used to assess cardiac function before and during surgery and guide perioperative fluid therapy. To limit the stress response, we used a regional nerve block for reducing postoperative pain. Furthermore, we used norepinephrine to appropriately increase the systemic vascular resistance in response to the reduction of systemic vascular resistance caused by epidural anesthesia. Conclusion: Low-dose epidural anesthesia can be safely used in patients with single atrium and PH. The use of perioperative transthoracic echocardiography is helpful in guiding fluid therapy and effectively assessing the cardiac structure and function of patients. Prophylactic administration of norepinephrine before epidural injection may make it easier to maintain the patient's BP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Common atrium (CA), also called three‐chambered heart, is one of the rare congenital anomalies, defined by a complete absence of the atrial septum, eventually associated with malformation of the atrioventricular (AV) valves. We report the case of a 57‐year‐old woman with CA complicated with Eisenmenger syndrome and inferior vena cava interruption, who suffered from symptomatic persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). She underwent an initial successful pulmonary vein isolation procedure. A repeat procedure for perivalvular atrial flutter was complicated with inadvertent complete AV block, due to unusual AV node location in this challenging anatomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Common atrium (CA), also called three‐chambered heart, is one of the rare congenital anomalies, defined by a complete absence of the atrial septum, eventually associated with malformation of the atrioventricular (AV) valves. We report the case of a 57‐year‐old woman with CA complicated with Eisenmenger syndrome and inferior vena cava interruption, who suffered from symptomatic persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). She underwent an initial successful pulmonary vein isolation procedure. A repeat procedure for perivalvular atrial flutter was complicated with inadvertent complete AV block, due to unusual AV node location in this challenging anatomy.

Common atrium (CA) is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly characterized by complete lack of interatrial septal tissue. It is commonly associated with atrioventricular valve malformations and other extracardiac anomalies. Hereby, we report a case of a term neonate with complex congenital heart disease with CA and panorama of dual-source computed tomography imaging findings in the patient.

Paraduodenal hernias are difficult to diagnose due to their unusual presentation. Herein, five new cases are added to the literature. Four male and one female child complained of paraduodenal hernias, two on the right side and three on the left side. The intestinal part that herniated inside the hernia sac was also malrotated in four patients. One patient had Meckel's diverticulum with a herniated intestine. One infant had extrahepatic biliary disease, a single atrium, polysplenia, intestinal malrotation, and a left paraduodenal hernia. Exploratory labarotomy was done for reduction of the intestine, reorientation, and repair of hernia orifices. Paraduodenal hernia is a component of malrotation. Cautious dissection of the hernia orifice is required to keep away from injuries to the inferior mesenteric vein or left colic artery in the course of the restoration of the left paraduodenal hernia. Also, the superior mesenteric vessels may be injured in the course of the restoration of the right paraduodenal hernia. There is a correlation between the occurrence of PDH with malrotation. The diagnosis of malrotation can be made with an ultrasound abdomen; however, it is true that ultrasound cannot make a confirmed diagnosis in all patients. Once the diagnosis of a mesocolic hernia has occurred, surgical repair is mandatory by closure of the defect. • Herein, five new cases of mesocolic hernias are adding to the knowledge. • Some mesocolic hernias presented with other associated congenital anomalies. • There is a correlation between the occurrence of PDH with malrotation. • Once the diagnosis of a mesocolic hernia has occurred, surgical repair is mandatory by closure of the defect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single atrium with dextrocardia is an uncommon congenital cardiac defect. The affected persons present with varying degrees of cyanosis and respiratory distress. These symptoms could easily be mistaken for pulmonary tuberculosis. We report the case of a 9 year old fully immunized female who presented to our hospital with a history of cough and difficulty in breathing of 5 months, body swelling of 1 month and weight loss of 2 weeks. There was no history of contact with an adult with chronic cough. There was a history of easy fatigability, cyanosis and recurrent respiratory tract infections noted from the age of 2 years. At the onset of symptoms, she was taken to a general hospital where a chest radiograph was done which showed cardiomegaly with prominent hilar opacities. Other ancillary tests for tuberculosis were not conducted. Based on a presumptive diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, she was commenced on anti-tuberculosis drugs but with no relief of symptoms after 5 months of therapy. On examination, she was in respiratory distress, plethoric, cyanosed with grade 4 digital clubbing and bilateral leg oedema. She had a right sided apical impulse with a grade 5 systolic murmur and a loud second heart sound. Echocardiography done revealed dextrocardia, single atrium with severe regurgitation of the mitral valve and pulmonary hypertension. She was admitted and managed with intranasal oxygen, anti-failure regimen and oral pulmonary vasodilators and discontinued on the anti-tuberculous medications. Though the diagnosis of TB requires a high index of suspicion, confrmation is necessary to avoid misdiagnosis.

Background A single atrium is a very rare heart condition, in which the inter atrial septum is missing. These congenital heart defects usually are surgically corrected after birth. Case Presentation We present a successful surgical repair of a single atrium (SA) in a 27-year-old woman, who has a complete missing of the atrial septum, without coexisting valvular pathology. The SA diameter was 9.97 × 6.18 cm and the Systemic blood flow/pulmonary blood flow (Qp/Qs) was 4.1 due to the single atrium. Surgical correction consisted of creating a new atrial septum, using a double-velor patch. At first- and second-year follow up, the patient was in a very good condition and without any symptoms present. We consider that the diagnoses of single atrium, especially in child bearing women, should be done in appropriate time, to avoid miscarriages, preterm births and other complications associated. Conclusion There are many case reports that show good surgical repair of single atrium and without late complications. In our case, we have obtained a very good surgical repair, without AV bundle damage and no residual shunt demonstrated on intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography.

Single atrium (SA) is one of the rare congenital anomalies in which there is a complete absence of the atrial septum without an endocardial cushion defect associated with the absence of malformation of the atrioventricular (AV) valves. The term "common atrium" is used to denote the condition where there is a complete absence of the atrial septum or it is represented by a small strand of tissue present at the superior atrial wall of the common chamber, absence of interventricular communication, and accompanying AV cushion defect. Our patient demonstrated typical echocardiographic features of three-chambered heart (SA), which is a rare entity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a case of multiple congenital anomalies in a female newborn infant, born to themother from a hill tribe. The Doppler echocardiography of the baby showed large atrial septaldefect amounting to single atrium, atretic left atrioventricular valve, large single right sidedventricle, aorta shifted to the left arising from single ventricle and diminutive hypoplasticleft ventricle. Right atrioventricular valve was normal forming single inlet into the ventricle.Pulmonary artery was small and hypoplastic and no antegrade fl ow was observed in it. Thepatient was diagnosed as having single ventricle, pulmonary atresia, patent ductus arteriosus(PDA) and major aortopulmonary collateral artery (MAPCA).

Single atrium is a rare congenital heart disease characterized by complete absence of the interatrial septum. It occurs as an isolated cardiac defect, or as a part of skeletal, muscular, ophthalmologic, and vascular malformations to signify congenital syndromes. A 78-year-old male patient presented with generalized body swelling of 2 weeks duration. He had associated shortness of breath, orthopnea, productive cough, and palpitation. Upon physical examination, blood pressure = 150/75 mmHg, pulse rate = 50 bpm, respiratory rate = 24 bpm, and T ° = 36.7 °C. He had signs of pleural effusion on left lung field. Cardiovascular examination revealed mean heart rate of 50 beats/min with irregularly irregular pulse rhythm, raised jugular venous pressure, and pansystolic murmur at left lower sternal border. He had tender hepatomegaly, ascites, and pitting leg edema. Chest X-ray showed cardiomegaly, prominent pulmonary trunks, and left-sided pleural effusion. Electrocardiography revealed atrial fibrillation, bifascicular block (right bundle branch block and left anterior fascicular block) with mean heart rate of 50 beats/min. Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography showed complete absence of interatrial septum (single atrium) without atrioventricular defect and interventricular communication. Diagnosis of heart failure secondary to congenital heart disease (single atrium) with atrial fibrillation and bifascicular block was made based on clinical and imaging evaluation. Well-tolerated symptoms of a single atrium until late adulthood could be explained by the presence of streaming or incomplete mixing of blood within the atrium, in which the more oxygenated blood is directed to the systemic circuit., Competing Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2023.)

This case report of a rare condition involving situs inversus partialis, wandering spleen, and a single atrium. Situs inversus partialis is a congenital developmental defect in which the abdominal or thoracic organs are reversed to the opposite side of the body across the sagittal plane. The case report highlights the congenital developmental anomaly and the diagnostic and management complexities associated with this condition. The patient in this case has survived to the age of 24, despite the presence of a single atrium. In the existing literature, situs inversus is a known congenital condition, but partial situs inversus is less common. A wandering spleen is also a rare condition characterized by splenic hypermobility. The combination of situs inversus partialis, a wandering spleen, and a single atrium is particularly unusual and has limited reported cases. Therefore, this research contributes to the existing literature by providing a unique case report and highlighting the challenges associated with diagnosis and management in such cases., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Deolikar et al.)

Congenital heart disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Single ventricle is a rare finding and usually of left ventricular morphology. We present here interesting antenatal and postnatal echocardiographic findings of a baby having a rare single ventricle of right ventricular morphology with double outlet. Antenatally we saw a large ventricular septal defect indistinguishable from a single ventricle with left to right ventricular ratio of 1:1. Postnatally we saw a single ventricle having the outlets for both the main pulmonary artery and aortic root. The left ventricle is collapse with a rudimentary morphology possibly due to changes in hemodynamics after birth and absent of outlet from it.

Background: Crossed pulmonary arteries or single atrium is a rare form of cardiovascular anomaly. In previous studies, the anomalies are detected in infant or early adolescence, and infrequently seen in adult population.Case Presentation: We presented a case of the coexistence of two congenital anomalies in a 44-year-old woman who remained well tolerated and undiscovered until adulthood. Physical examination showed a grade III systolic murmur at the cardiac apex, and a grade II/III systolic murmur at left 2-3 intercostal space. An echocardiography revealed absence of atrial septal tissue. Dual-source CT angiography was performed for further evaluation of the great vessel. Except an enlarged single atrium, the imaging showed that the origination of the left pulmonary artery from the pulmonary trunk was superior to that of the right pulmonary artery. The branch pulmonary arteries then crisscrossed as they coursed to their respective lungs. The findings were illustrated by the right heart catheterization and then confirmed at surgery.Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first case report of crossed pulmonary arteries with single atrium as the only additional cardiac anomaly in an adult. Knowledge of this rare combination will be helpful in the differential diagnosis of congenital heart disease and assist the surgeon in treatment planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT In a 37-year-old patient, ultrasonography showed and CT confirmed the presence of single ventricle, single atrium, azygos continuation of inferior vena cava, anomalous hepatic vein drainage, and persistent left superior vena cava. Such a constellation of cardiovascular anomalies is exceptionally diagnosed in adulthood. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 43:458-461, 2015 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Truncus arteriosus is a rare heart defect comprising <1% of congenital cyanotic heart disease. Rarely it may be associated with single ventricle, but association with single atrium is very rare. We report a case of truncus arteriosus (Van Praag type A2) with single atrium and single ventricle. < Learning objective: In our case truncus arteriosus was associated with single atrium, single ventricle, and situs inversus which is rare and has not been reported in the literature.> [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the case of an asymptomatic 21-year-old woman referred because of an abnormal routine electrocardiogram. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography revealed a complete absence of the atrial septum, a common atrium septated posteriorly from the pulmonary venous chamber, a partial atrioventricular canal, a cleft mitral valve and a persistent left superior vena cava draining into an enlarged coronary sinus. These findings were confirmed during surgical correction. Our patient presented with an unusual and fascinating combination of congenital malformations that remained well tolerated and undiscovered into adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a case of multiple congenital anomalies in a female newborn infant, born to the mother from a hill tribe. The Doppler echocardiography of the baby showed large atrial septal defect amounting to single atrium, atretic left atrioventricular valve, large single right sided ventricle, aorta shifted to the left arising from single ventricle and diminutive hypoplastic left ventricle. Right atrioventricular valve was normal forming single inlet into the ventricle. Pulmonary artery was small and hypoplastic and no antegrade flow was observed in it. The patient was diagnosed as having single ventricle, pulmonary atresia, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and major aortopulmonary collateral artery (MAPCA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fetal cardiovascular abnormalities, which coexists with complex and multi-malformation, are a key factor of neonatal mortality. Combination of multiple ultrasound imaging techniques before delivery can accurately diagnose fetal congenital cardiac malformations, make accurate classification and detect accompanying malformations, which is of great significance to offer proper prenatal consultation, evaluation, decision-making and post-birth treatment, so as to achieve the goal of eugenics. This article reports the clinical data of a case of early sonographic diagnosis of fetal single ventricle, single atrium, and persistent truncus arteriosus. The characteristic structural changes under ultrasound are observed to improve the technical level of ultrasound physician in diagnosing this disease, so that makes it possible to detect complex fetal abnormalities in the early and middle stages of pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single atrium or common atrium is a rare, isolated defect. We report here an adult patient with single atrium detected by transthoracic echocardiography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]