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Endogenous regressors can lead to biased estimates for causal effects using methods assuming regressor–error independence. To correct for endogeneity bias, the authors propose a new method that accounts for the regressor–error dependence using flexible semiparametric odds ratio conditional models; the approach requires neither parametric distributional assumptions nor tuning parameters for modeling endogenous regressors' distributions conditional on the error term and exogenous regressors. Inference is achieved via optimizing the profile likelihood concentrating on the parameters of interest. The proposed approach requires no use of instrumental variables (IVs), observed or latent, that must satisfy the stringent condition of exclusion restriction. Nonnormally distributed endogenous regressors are required for model identification with a normal error distribution. The approach's flexibility in capturing regressor–error dependence increases the capability of IV-free endogeneity correction and provides opportunities to improve the accuracy of causal effect estimation. Unlike existing IV-free methods, the proposed approach can handle discrete endogenous regressors with few levels, such as binary regressors or count regressors with small means, and is thus applicable to a plethora of applications involving such regressors. The authors demonstrate the versatility of the approach for binary, count, and continuous endogenous regressors using comprehensive simulation studies and empirical data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As collaborative discourse participants, interlocutors are expected to convey how certain they are about the proposition that they put forward in the discourse. In spoken language literature, speakers use various strategies to convey their certainty like attitude verbs, prosody, or gestures. Sign language literature reports that signers mostly modulate their manual (hands) signs and nonmanuals (face and body movements), yet there is no study investigating how both channels interact in the expression of certainty. The current study tests the degree to which different sentence types and nonmanuals affect the signer certainty in Turkish Sign Language (TİD) in a rating study. I show that signers interpret signer certainty by taking into account cues from both manual and nonmanual channels. Within the framework of threshold semantics, I discuss how sentences set the certainty threshold, and show how nonmanuals boost or deboost the threshold. Specifically, head nod increases the threshold while squint decreases it, thus providing further support for the dynamic nature of thresholds. • Cues in the manual and nonmanual channels affected signer certainty in TİD. • Sentences determined the certainty level in the manual channel. • Head nod boosted the certainty level; squint deboosted it in the nonmanual channel. • Interaction of manual and nonmanual cues supports certainty expressions' dynamicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In his first work, Kant discusses the possibility that more than one universe exists. Starting from the principle that substances have an essential force to act outside of themselves and that they are linked only in the exercise of this force, Kant concludes that the total set of substances linked to each other forms a universe. Nevertheless, it is perfectly possible that a substance exists with-out being linked to the substances of a certain universe, not being part of it, and that it is linked to other, alien substances, forming a separate universe with these. But the possibility of multiple universes requires that there be spaces of different natures or dimensionalities, so that such universes remain disconnected and are actually different universes and not distant parts of the same universe. This is because the nature of space depends on the kind of force with which the substances interact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a Competitive Leverage model, and apply it to analyze the impact of tariffs on the attitudes of domestic import-competing firms, especially regarding their disincentives to maintain a Competitive Stance against foreign competitors in the domestic market. We propose that tariffs are a disincentive to the pursuit and maintenance of production efficiency in firms and industries. When countries implement tariff protection for their domestic firms, the most common excuse sounds reasonable, except that it is also economically flawed. While the short-run impacts of such a measure might seem plausible, its long-term effects appear to be less than favorable, and may, in fact, turn out to be damaging to the economy. The paper applies the competitive leverage concept in a unique way to highlight how tariffs distort the output levels of domestic firms, and gives an empirical analysis of the model, using USA data to verify the predictions of the model. Particularly, we develop a Cournot-competition type Competitive Leverage model, and use it to examine the role played by tariffs as a disincentive to a typical firm's pursuit and maintenance of production efficiency. The competitive leverage model is formulated and applied to verify the effects of tariff protection from the typical domestic firm's strategic interaction standpoint. We further apply crosssectional data to carry out an empirical analysis of the model, to verify how tariffs impact the domestic firm's output and pricing decisions. Our findings would enable us to contribute to the debate about the need to remove protective tariffs, on the grounds that tariffs do not only enable domestic firms to operate inefficiently, but also tends to distort the output and pricing outcomes that would otherwise have been realized in the free market. The results from the study are used to propose some major policy implications of imposing tariff protection, among which are that there is need for implementation of more deliberately sustained Research and development program on the part of domestic firms in the economy, to enable them withstand vigorous competition in a free-trade world. Also, since protective tariffs significantly increase firms' profit rates, which in turn enables them to unduly earn and accumulate economic rents that amount to inefficiencies and distortions in free-market prices and quantities outcomes, governments should always resist any pressures from big businesses to impose protective tariffs against competition from international rivals. Yet a clear public policy implication from this paper is that, at the macro level, as the results suggest that a government policy that aims at protecting domestic firms through imposition of tariffs may have an adverse effect on the firms' competitive stance in the industry, a practical message is for the government to impose only a moderate tariff at the most, if it must, especially as it relates to agricultural products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores how platform-mediated gig work is entangled in the migration process across transnational, national and local scales. Drawing on the concepts of simultaneity and migration infrastructure from critical transnational migration studies as well as qualitative interviews with migrants, the analysis focuses on the figures of three migrant gig workers from both EU and non-EU countries to elucidate two matters. First, we analyse how different forms of citizenship produce different ways of responding to the migration infrastructure that results in frictions and/or smoothness across different times and spaces in the migration process. Second, we analyse how migrants who perform platform-mediated gig work on a local scale in Copenhagen, Denmark, establish particular transnational lives. Thus, this article contributes a timely transnational perspective on the relationship between the growing gig economy and migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show that if we assume the existence of a frame in vacuum where the oneway speed of light is c (c is the measured value of the two-way speed of light in vacuum) than for another frame moving with velocity v1 in relation to that frame we can have time dilation, time contraction or no difference of proper times change at all. Therefore, the standard formulation is a result of a misinterpretation of the mathematical expression between the relation of the proper time of the moving frame in relation to the difference of times of Lorentzian clocks, the so-called time dilation. This is an astonishing conflict that standard formulation cannot solve. This result is easily obtained if we assume time dilation in relation to Einstein Frame (EF) the frame where the speed of light is isotropic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The burden of simultaneous acute code stroke activation (ACSA) is not known. We aim to assess the effect of simultaneous ACSA on workflow metrics and home time at 90 days in patients undergoing reperfusion therapies in the emergency department. Simultaneous ACSA was defined as code activation within 60 min of the arrival of any patient receiving intravenous thrombolysis, within 150 min of the arrival of any patient receiving endovascular thrombectomy, within 45 min of the arrival of any patient receiving no reperfusion therapies (based on mean local door-to-needle and door-to-puncture times). Simultaneous ACSA was further graded as 1, 2 and 3. We assessed workflow metrics as door-to-CT (DTC) time, in minutes, and functional outcome as home time at 90 days. A total of 2605 patients were assessed as ACSA at a mean ± SD activations of 130.8 ± 17.1/month and 859 (33%) were simultaneous. Among all ACSA, 545 (20.9%) underwent acute reperfusion therapy with a mean age of 70.6 ± 14.2 years, 45.9% (n = 254) were female with a median (IQR) NIHSS of 13 (8–18). A total of 220 (40.4%) patients underwent simultaneous treatments. The median DTC time, in minutes, was prolonged in grade 3 simultaneous ACSA (18 (13, 28)) compared to non-simultaneous ACSA (15 (11, 21) β = 0.23, p < 0.0001). There was no difference in the median home time at 90 days between the simultaneous (58, 0–84.5 days) and non-simultaneous (54, 0–85 days) patients. Simultaneous ACSA is frequent in patients receiving acute reperfusion therapies. An optimal workflow in high-volume centers may help mitigate the clinical and system burden associated with simultaneity.

There is a paucity of literature investigating the simultaneous relationships among R&D, innovation, and exports and assessing the separate roles of R&D and innovation from an empirical perspective. We address this research gap and contribute to the literature by examining the "learning to export" and "learning by exporting" hypotheses in SMEs and large firms. Using instrumental variable (IV) regressions and path analyses, the empirical assessment provides evidence that R&D and innovation should be regarded as two separate constructs. We also find significant mediating effects between R&D and Export via Innovation and between Export and R&D via Innovation only in the large company cohort. SMEs do not show evidence of simultaneity among R&D, innovation, and exporting nor do the results provide support for the "learning by doing" hypothesis in SMEs. Our findings assist in understanding how the variables interact across different firm sizes, which is important for targeted resource support and policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with Nadija Rebronja’s book 88, which is conceived as 88 piano keys or fragments. The paper recognizes some important links that this book establishes with the mannerist literary tradition, as understood and explained by Gustav René Hocke in his widely acknowledged books Mannerism in Literature and The World as a Labyrinth. Instead of opening up to the totality of all things, 88 resembles a mannerist work that closes itself into its own artistic reality and questions the place that literature and art occupy in today’s world. The paper also deals with the implications that arise from the connection Nadija Rebronja establishes with the tradition of magic(al)realism, particularly regarding the construction of motivational systems and their relation to the phenomenon of magic in this book. By utilising the concepts of simultaneity and catalogue, 88 relates to the tradition of the Russian avant-garde, as understood by Aleksandar Flaker. It is also shown that a reassessment, a significant avant-garde procedure, holds an important place in the 88, since the author re-evaluates the figure of travel and a topos of the town square in relation to classical literature. This reassessment is linked to the tradition of hikaye, instructive stories that have come from the Islamic tradition, as well as a farce - a literary form based on reversal. The final part of this paper deals with the fragmentation in Nadia Rebronja’s88 which can be linked to the atomization within the mannerist literature and the avant-garde understanding of the world. It also explores the ways in which the world created in this book relates to,on the one hand,the “optimal projection” as one of the characteristics of the avant-garde, and the concept of utopia as an alternative to freethinking on the other.

Copyright of Tasarim+Kuram is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Living systems at any given moment enact a very constrained set of end‐directed and contextually appropriate actions that are self‐initiated from among innumerable possible alternatives. However, these constrained actions are not necessarily because the system has reduced its sensitivities to themselves and their surroundings. Quite the contrary, living systems are continually open to novel and unanticipated stimulations that require a physiology of coordination. To address these competing demands, this paper offers a novel heuristic model informed by neuroscience, systems theory, biology and sign study to explain how organisms situated in diverse, complex and ever‐changing environments might draw upon the sparse order made available by 'relevant noise'. This emergent order facilitates coordination, habituation and, ultimately, understanding of the world and its relevant affordances. Inspired by the burgeoning field of coordination dynamics and physiologist Denis Noble's concept of 'biological relativity', this model proposes a view of coordination on the neuronal level that is neither sequential nor stochastic, but instead implements a causal logic of phasic alignment, such that an organism's learned and inherited sets of diverse biological affinities and sympathies can be resolved into a continuous and complex range of patterns that will implement the kind of novel orientations and radical generativity required of such organisms to adaptively explore their environments and to learn from their experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Einstein uses a train embankment case to interpret the concept of the relativity of simultaneity. In this article, we present a few situations showing that simultaneity can be nonrelative. Suppose that frame H with coordinates (x, y, z, t) is fixed on a railway, where the x-axis and the railway coincide, and similarly, frame H0 with coordinates (x', y', z', t') is attached to a train uniformly moving along the railway, where the x' -axis and the train coincide; i.e., the train moves along the x- and x' -axes. On a transverse plane in H, events occurring at points equidistant from the x-axis occur simultaneously, and nearby observers emit light signals toward observer M on the x-axis and another observer M' on the x' -axis. The distances between M and all event locations are the same. Additionally, M' is equidistant from all event locations. Clearly, M' receives all signals simultaneously. Similarly, M perceives that all events occur at the same time; i.e., simultaneity is not necessarily relative. In addition, we perform an elaborate study of the distinction between the occurrence time and the transmission time. The results suggest that when the transmission time is considered for measuring the occurrence time, simultaneity can be nonrelative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In his paper 'Bridging the neuroscience and physics of time' with Dean Buonomano (2021) in a forthcoming book Rovelli makes claims that I question because they rely uncritically on theoretical frameworks employed when the laws of thermodynamics and general relativity were discovered. Their reconsideration suggests growth of entropy is not the origin of time's arrow and identifies a notion of universal simultaneity within general relativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Private policing is generally used to curb crime in certain neighbourhoods. The impact of an increase in these services on the city as a whole is unclear, as crime could shift from protected to unprotected targets, causing greater social harm. In practice, estimating this effect at the city level encounters at least two problems. First, the simultaneity between the demand for private policing and criminal activity requires appropriate instrumental variables to mitigate endogeneity biases. Second, the dependent and endogenous variables can have an excessive number of zeros at the same time, requiring the use of more specialized econometric models. In this paper, I combine Clotfelter's theoretical model for private policing and crime with Amemiya's econometric model for simultaneously censored outcomes, linking structural and reduced forms and discussing identification issues. Then, a regular Bitobit is modified to estimate reduced forms with many zeros outcomes in a set of copulas to improve censoring specifications with endogeneity. Finally, I conduct an empirical study examining an exclusive database from Brazil to discuss the copula approach, and the hypothesis that more private policing reduces crime at the city level is not rejected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The rising occurrence of simultaneous large wildfires has put strain on United States national fire management capacity leading to increasing reliance on assistance from partner nations abroad. However, limited analysis exists on international resource-sharing patterns and the factors influencing when resources are requested and deployed. Aims: This study examines the drivers of international fire management ground and overhead personnel deployed to the United States. Methods: Using descriptive statistics and case examples data from 2008 to 2020, this study investigates the conditions under which international personnel are deployed to the United States and their relationship to domestic resource strain. Factors such as fire weather, fire simultaneity, and the impact on people and structures are analysed as potential drivers of demand for international resources. Additionally, barriers to resource sharing, including overlapping fire seasons between countries are examined. Key results: The findings indicate that international personnel sharing is more likely when the United States reaches higher preparedness levels, experiences larger area burned, and when fires pose a greater impact on people and structures. However, overlapping fire seasons can limit the ability to share resources with partner nations. Conclusions and implications: Understanding the factors influencing resource sharing can help improve collaboration efforts and enhance preparedness for future wildfire seasons. This study explores drivers of international resources sent to aid with US fire management, focusing on ground and overhead personnel. Using 2008–2020 data, this study investigates conditions for international sharing and potential barriers. Findings show sharing is more likely with higher preparedness, larger areas burned, and greater impact on people and structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How can we understand the multiple, intersecting webs of oppression that Palestinian women activists face in their everyday organizing? With a long tradition of counter-hegemonic organizing, the Palestinian context presents opportunities and challenges for women pursuing activist causes in the public domain. Adopting an intersectionality framework, we uncover how gender, class and settler-colonized domination interact, engendering dynamics of oppression differentiated by activists' social positions. Activists' stories captured at interview reveal they were not victims across all categories of difference, experiencing forms of relative privilege, characterized as safeguarded, secured and sheltered. We connect relative privilege to the patchwork nature of Palestinian institutions, whereby women's agency intermingles with a patchwork of historically constituted structures and conditions. Our fine-grained study contributes to literature on feminist and activist organizing and to theorizations of intersectionality by identifying forms of relative oppression and privilege as women actively resist hegemonic gendered structures in Palestine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we analyze different Serbian prepositions that are used to express the simultaneity between events and processes. We explore both genuine temporal entities (like days, months, seasons) and happenings that presuppose the passage of time. Special attention is given to our conception of the passage of time, unlike the static nature of space. We have tried to give an account of the relation between the spatial and temporal usages of the prepositions na (on) related to the participation of the subject in activities and u (in) related to the state which is attributed to the subject or to the influence of some events on him. We also attempt to explain the need for creation of specific prepositions with exclusively temporal meaning prilikom (in the occasion of) and tokom (during) as well as the crucial differences between the ways they represent their arguments - in the first case as situations that are associated to some particular characteristics, or occasions in which take place some relevant events and in the second case as dynamic periods that coincide with some eventualities. Finally, we explain some specific usages of the basically spatial prepositions po (all over) - related to the meteorological conditions that accompany temporal entities, preko (over) - that expresses the placement of activities and state between its boundaries and pod (under) metaphorically representing the influence (in terms of domination) of the periods on the sentence subjects.

We revisit the link between interest rates and corporate bond credit spreads by applying Rigobon’s (2003) unique heteroskedasticity-based identification methodology to their interconnected dynamics through a bivariate VAR system. This different approach allows us to account for simultaneity issues and use this framework to test the various possible explanations for the credit spread – interest rate relation that have been proposed by the literature over the years. We find that credit spreads do indeed respond negatively to interest rates, a result consistent with Merton’s (1974) structural model. This negative relation is robust to macroeconomic shocks, market uncertainty, business cycles, different sample periods, bond callability, and bond ratings. We also find the magnitude of the negative relation to be larger for high-yield bonds than for investment-grade bonds, and are able to rule out the option-like feature of callable bonds proposed by Duffee (1998) as the main driver of the negative nature of the relationship. These results have important portfolio and risk management implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the multimodal era, communication in social media incorporates new codes and elements that challenge traditional definitions of text and the translation field itself. Integrating semiotics, understanding that modes follow a particular hierarchical order, and analyzing how they influence the (re)construction of meaning in certain communities is key to studying transnational hybrid messages, both global and local, in virtual environments. The translation act has proven to be a particularly useful circumstance to understand that modes should not be regarded as signs that carry meaning across cultures. Instead, this paper aims to identify which elements act as "prompts," which (re)activate meaning once the message is repositioned in an alternative cultural context. Through a contrastive analysis of ten transpositions, in Kress's terms, of a Burger King campaign, this work aims to shed light on which elements can be defined as modes and prompts, as well as reflecting upon its hierarchical status in this particular multimodal ensemble, while considering that, in the virtual space, other factors such as repetition and simultaneity may condition the impact and reception of global messages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a structural panel GMM (P-GMM) estimator of the elasticity of substitution between capital and labour that does not depend on external instruments, and which can be applied in the presence of biased technical change. We identify the conditions under which P-GMM is a consistent estimator and compare it to a fixed effects estimator. Using a Monte Carlo study, we find that the P-GMM estimator is nearly unbiased provided the number of time periods (T) is not too small. We show analytically how the small- T bias is related to metrics of weak identification. In an application on manufacturing firms in Norway, we estimate the elasticity of substitution to be 1.9 using the P-GMM and 1.0 using the fixed effects estimator. Neglecting simultaneity may thus lead to the conclusion that capital and labour are complements or can be described by Cobb–Douglas technology, when, in fact, they are substitutes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Social Sciences & Humanities Studies / Društvene i Humanističke Studije (DHS) is the property of Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences, University of Tuzla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Lorentz transformations transform the coordinates in a frame at rest and those in a frame moving with a constant velocity with respect to the rest frame. We analyze the Lorentz transformations using a world line diagram and simple algebra, obtaining some astonishing results. We use two examples to demonstrate that the Lorentz transformations contradict reality and are invalid. Employing the proper definition of simultaneity, we formulate the coordinate transformations between the two frames and obtain the Galileo transformations. Additionally, we suppose A, M, and B are points on the x-axis moving in the x direction and the distances AM = MB. Source S rests on the x-axis and emits signals when S and M coincide. The emitted signal reaches A earlier than it reaches B. In other words, A, which is approaching the signal source, receives the signal earlier than B, which is moving away from the signal source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides arguments to show that there is a form of syntax specific to the bodily movements of certain martial arts. This syntax of bodily mouvements is different from that usually identified in multimodal conversational analysis which consists of the addition of bodily extensions to speech turns Keevallik (Res Lang Soc Interact 46(1):1–21, 2013) and (Res Lang Soc Interact 51(1):1–21, 2018). Based on an analysis of video extracts from two martial arts (Aikido and Kenpo), the article shows that martial arts movements, accomplished within a martial intercorporeality, acquire syntactic characteristics that make it possible to anticipate trajectories accomplished simultaneously, before and during body contact. The article presents the four movement-units common to these two martial arts and the way participants combine them, in a sequentiality of simultaneity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When experimenters vary the timing between two intersensory events, and participants judge their simultaneity, an inverse-U-shaped psychometric function is obtained. Typically, this simultaneity function is first fitted with a model for each participant separately, before best-fitting parameters are utilized (e.g., compared across conditions) in the second stage of a two-step inferential procedure. Often, simultaneity-function width is interpreted as representing sensitivity to asynchrony, and/or ascribed theoretical equivalence to a window of multisensory temporal binding. Here, we instead fit a single (principled) multilevel model to data from the entire group and across several conditions at once. By asking 20 participants to sometimes be more conservative in their judgments, we demonstrate how the width of the simultaneity function is prone to strategic change and thus questionable as a measure of either sensitivity to asynchrony or multisensory binding. By repeating our analysis with three different models (two implying a decision based directly on subjective asynchrony, and a third deriving this decision from the correlation between filtered responses to sensory inputs) we find that the first model, which hypothesizes, in particular, Gaussian latency noise and difficulty maintaining the stability of decision criteria across trials, is most plausible for these data. Public Significance Statement: Psychologists have made their competing theories about how humans are able to perceive the relative timing of events concrete by formulating mathematical models that attempt to describe behavior in specific experimental tasks. Here, we focus on one such task and show that people's reports about simultaneity are inherently subjective, as implied by several current models. We also find that the best-performing of these models explains inconsistencies when responding repeatedly to objectively identical pairs of events by positing inconsistencies in both the time it takes for neural messages to propagate through the brain and how those messages are then interpreted to form a decision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following paper focuses on the role and function of symbols in magical practice. The first part explains the symbol as a semiotic term with all its fundamental features, including the necessary function and condition of ordinary communication. The next section deals with symbols that fulfill the essential role of transforming reality within the framework of magical practice. Examples of sigil magic, Tarot, and amulets explain the paradigm, which uses symbolic language as a mandatory condition for its existence and simultaneously ignores the shared awareness of the origin of the symbol as a constitutional element of its functionality. This paper demonstrates how the symbols used in everyday communication and the symbols used in magical practice are two different entities performing distinct kinds of function, and primarily that they differ in requirements for being created and functional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changing global fire regimes including extended fire seasons due to climate change may increase the co-occurrence of high-impact fires that overwhelm national fire suppression capacities. These shifts increase the demand for international resource sharing to supplement national fire suppression efforts. In this paper, we explore the development and evaluate the effectiveness of international resource sharing arrangements of three regions: (1) The United States, Canada, and Australia (“Big Three”); (2) Europe; and (3) Southeast Asia by conducting a literature review of gray and peer- reviewed literature in combination with key informant interviews. For the “Big Three” and Europe, international resource sharing is perceived as necessary, effective, and continuously improving. Converging fire management processes and training and developing more effective administrative procedures facilitate these relationships. In Southeast Asia, political tensions and limited firefighting capacities have hampered effective cooperation. Formalized agreements of country-to-country support for fire management are nascent and evolving, and there is evidence that demand for expanding and improving these partnerships is increasing.

Unlike its three companion poems, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is set entirely in a temporal world, with no access to transcendence. This article explores its many evocations of time, sequence, and simultaneity, supporting Derek Pearsall's claim that the religious values in it are absorbed into chivalric secularity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online organizing is situated in offline practices. Recent theorizing has examined how online and offline practices co-evolve over time, but given limited attention to how they co-exist in time. Yet, without being 'here' in an embodied material practice, we cannot experience being 'there' online. Understanding the co-existence of online and offline practices is important as organizing becomes actively negotiated in the moments of being simultaneously here offline and there online. In this article, we pull the field of view back from the computer screen to theorize the simultaneity of online organizing with multiple offline practices in which participants are embodied and engage materially. We articulate how, in the case of the video conference, the shared experience of presence, proximity and participation in online organizing is constituted in relation to multiple – but mostly unshared – offline practices. We argue that this interconnection with multiple offline practices can blur boundaries, divert purposes and lead to glitches and breakdowns in online organizing. We make two contributions. First, we recast online organizing as embedded in multiple, mostly unshared, offline practices. Second, we develop understanding of the co-existence of online and offline in time, and its implications for interacting and organizing online. We conclude by suggesting new directions for research on organizing across simultaneously co-existing online and offline practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anales del Seminario de Historia de la Filosofía is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents the location-sharing argument, which concludes that qualia must share the locations of their physical correlates. The first premise is a consequence of relativity: If something shares a time with a physical event in all reference frames, it shares that physical event’s location. The second premise is that qualia share times with their correlates in all reference frames. Both physicalism and dualism benefit from having qualia share locations with their correlates, as this makes relations between qualia and physical things easier to explain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High levels of uric acid (UA) and xanthine (XA) in the human body can lead to various illnesses, highlighting the crucial need to detect UA and XA levels in the body. In this work, a ratiometric electrochemical detection platform was constructed for the simultaneous determination of UA and XA. Polydopamine (PDA) was initially modified in situ on graphene paper (Gp) and carbonized to fabricate the cPDA-Gp electrode. Methylene blue (MB) is coupled to cPDA-Gp as an internal reference and is designated as MB/cPDA-Gp. The electrochemical behavior of UA and XA on MB/cPDA-Gp was studied by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. There were distinct anodic peaks on the electrode that corresponded to the oxidation of UA and XA in the concentration ranges of 0.6–350 and 2–160 μM, with detection limits of 0.2 and 0.67 μM, respectively (S/N = 3). For simultaneous detection of changes in UA and XA concentrations, the response range was 1–300 μM, with detection limits of 0.34 and 0.67 μM (S/N = 3), respectively. The sensing platform has been successfully utilized to detect UA and XA in real samples with satisfactory results, indicating that it can be a reliable sensor for detecting these analytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mouth activity forms a key component of all sign languages. This can be divided into mouthings, which originate from words in the ambient spoken language, and mouth gestures, which do not. This study examines the relationship between the distribution of mouthings co-occurring with verb signs in British Sign Language (BSL) and various linguistic and social factors, using the BSL Corpus. We find considerable variation between participants and a lack of homogeneity in mouth actions with particular signs. This accords with previous theories that mouthings constitute code-blending between spoken and signed languages—similar to code-switching or code-mixing in spoken languages—rather than being a phonologically or lexically compulsory part of the sign. We also find a strong association between production of plain verbs (which are body-anchored and cannot be modified spatially) and increased mouthing. In addition, we observe significant effects of region (signers from the south of the United Kingdom mouth more than those from the north), gender (women mouth more than men), and age (signers aged 16–35 years produce fewer mouthings than older participants). We find no significant effect of language background (deaf vs. hearing family). Based on these findings, we argue that the multimodal, multilingual, and simultaneous nature of code-blending in sign languages fits well within the paradigm of translanguaging. We discuss implications of this for concepts of translanguaging, code-switching, code-mixing, and related phenomena, highlighting the need to consider not just modality and linguistic codes but also sequential versus simultaneous patterning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of his special theory of relativity, Einstein introduced two definitions of the word "simultaneity"--the coordinated-clocks definition in his famous 1905 paper and the midpoint definition in his 1916 book. Einstein never discussed the relation between these two definitions. Neither has anyone else, to my knowledge. I show that these definitions are not equivalent because they have different scopes of applicability, but that they are equivalent wherever both apply. My proof of this partial equivalence is a corollary of my proof that both of Einstein's definitions clash with the natural ticking of monochromatic light, which I call an electromagnetic wave clock. Einstein disparaged the idea of absolute simultaneity, but the reasons he gave were not good ones. He suggested that the idea originated in a confusion between happening simultaneously and being seen simultaneously. This thesis is dubious. It is also irrelevant, because an idea that originates in a confusion need not be a confused idea. He suggested that there could be no experimental test for absolute simultaneity. I refute this suggestion by describing an experimental test for absolute simultaneity, which I call the melt-mark test. The empirical credentials of Einstein's definitions are not superior to those of absolute simultaneity. Einstein writes as if he can banish the idea of absolute "simultaneity" by merely giving the word "simultaneity" a new meaning. But many words have multiple meanings; Einstein merely made simultaneity such a word. The meanings of "simultaneity" that there is reason to disparage are Einstein's definitions, because they clash with the electromagnetic wave clock. None of these points is properly appreciated by today's physics community, where Einstein's assertions about simultaneity continue to enjoy broad acclaim. Physical theories that employ the idea of absolute simultaneity are often wrongly rejected because they do. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two of Peter Schmidt's many contributions to econometrics have been to introduce a simultaneous logit model for bivariate binary outcomes and to study estimation of dynamic linear fixed effects panel data models using short panels. In this paper, we study a dynamic panel data version of the bivariate model introduced in Schmidt and Strauss (Econometrica 43:745–755, 1975) that allows for lagged dependent variables and fixed effects as in Ahn and Schmidt (J Econom 68:5–27, 1995). We combine a conditional likelihood approach with a method of moments approach to obtain an estimation strategy for the resulting model. We apply this estimation strategy to a simple model for the intra-household relationship in employment. Our main conclusion is that the within-household dependence in employment differs significantly by the ethnicity composition of the couple even after one allows for unobserved household specific heterogeneity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The perception appears to flow in a continuous pattern but evidence suggest that perception may involve discrete temporal sampling of peripheral cues. Stroud's perceptual moment theory proposes that perception occurs in discrete moments; however, more experimental evidence is required to support this theory. The present study characterized the decision function for asynchrony detection using variable stimulus-onset asynchronies (SOAs). Fourteen healthy volunteers (twelve males and two females), ages 21.5 ± 3.8 years (mean ± SD) participated in the study. A microcontroller was used to randomly present 280 events of paired stimuli (two red LEDs) with varying SOAs from −65 to 65 ms in steps of 5 ms. Participants were asked to press the "L" or "R" response key based on whether the left or right LED lit up first and to press the "S" key if they could not perceive the order. Asynchrony detection does not exhibit a fixed threshold value; instead, its decision function shows a monotonic increase with increasing SOAs. The asynchrony detection was 50% at an SOA of 27.8 ± 1.7 ms (mean ± SE). The curve plateaued off near 100% at SOA of 57.2 ms, which may correspond to the duration of one perceptual moment for visual perception. Data from a separate group of ten volunteers was used to validate the results. Results indicate that perception is temporally discretized rather than continuous, and the estimated duration of one perceptual moment is around 57.2 ms. This simple experiment gives objective evidence for Stroud's perceptual moment theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Understanding the choice of healthcare facility utilisation is essential to the provision of need-based healthcare services to the population. This study was carried out to estimate factors influencing the choice of healthcare facilities utilised by rural households. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 240 rural households comprising 1440 persons. Data were collected with the use of a structured questionnaire and analysed with descriptive techniques and a multivariate probit (MVP) model. The MVP result showed that households supplement public healthcare facilities with private clinics, support traditional medical treatment with self-medication, and replace self-medication with public healthcare facilities and private clinics. Similarly, age, gender, household size, cost of drugs, distance to public healthcare facilities, travelling cost, contact with community health workers, total income, awareness of public health facilities, quality of health facilities, and terrain of health facilities influence the choice of healthcare facilities utilised. The study concluded that increased total income, contact with community health extension workers, awareness of health facilities, and perceived quality of services rendered positively influence the choice of healthcare facilities sorted after while the increase in the cost of drugs, distance to health facilities, travelling cost and difficult terrain of health facilities negatively impact the choice of healthcare facilities utilised. The study recommended that public healthcare facilities should be located within the reach of the people and equipped with essential drugs at a reduced cost. Households should also engage in activities that will increase their income so that they can use better healthcare facilities.

The integration of wind–solar energy into hybrid system improves synchronization and lowers power generation variations. It is crucial to consider resource simultaneity when selecting a hybridization location. The current study uses data from 41 years of hourly ERA5 reanalysis to analyze the coexistence of wind and solar energy sources (1979–2019). To take into account the combined impact of simultaneity and capacity factor (CF), as well as to show the viability of establishing a new hybrid power plant for base-load and peak-load applications, a novel hybrid power exploitability index (HPEI) is developed. Additionally, by analyzing the yearly power output gain that may be attained through hybridization, the viability of retrofitting existing freestanding power plants has been examined. According to the findings, resource complementarity abounds in India’s southern region and along its western coast, whereas resource synergy prevails in the northern region. Furthermore, the largest peak CF for wind and sun, respectively, are predicted to be in the southern coastline (51.56%) and northern Himalayan areas (28.48%). In seven of the eight research locations, it has been shown that it is possible to hybridize independent power plants that already exist, with the addition of equal capacity potentially increasing yearly power output by up to 400%. In order to achieve net-zero emissions, hybridizing RE can meet the need for clean energy. Project developers will use the findings of this research to determine where to construct new power plants and where to hybridize existing ones.