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Studies on the effects of biochar and chicken manure on soil chemical properties and initial growth of rosewood under field conditions in the Amazon are rare; therefore, a field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of biochar, chicken manure, and mineral fertilizer on the chemical properties of the soil, nutrient concentrations in the leaves, and on the initial growth of rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora) grown in clay soil. The study was conducted in causal blocks, with five treatments (control, biochar, biochar plus chicken manure, biochar plus mineral fertilizer, and biochar plus chicken manure plus mineral fertilizer) and three replications. In general, we observed that the application of biochar and chicken manure, alone or in combination, increased soil pH, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, and manganese content, as well as foliar potassium and calcium concentrations. However, despite fertilization, we did not observe significant gains in the growth of A. rosaeodora seedlings until ten months after planting. The combination of biochar and chicken manure exhibited the greatest impact, and is therefore important for soil sustainability and plant development in tropical soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Production Engineering / Revista Brasileira de Engenharia de Produção is the property of Brazilian Journal of Production Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El presente artículo discute la aplicación de los principios agroecológicos al diseño y manejo de las plantaciones forestales con fines comerciales a partir de las reflexiones sobre el caso peruano. El propósito es contribuir al enriquecimiento del marco filosófico, teórico y metodológico de las plantaciones forestales comerciales como agroecosistemas sustentables. Aunque la agroecología está fuertemente orientada a los sistemas agroalimentarios también se orienta a los agroecosistemas, y por lo tanto sus principios pueden ser aplicables a las plantaciones forestales comerciales. Los principios agroecológicos con su enfoque sistémico, su perspectiva socio-ecológica y biocultural, su compromiso por la biodiversidad nativa y la sustentabilidad, su adscripción al buen vivir y su carácter ético-político enriquecen el marco teórico y metodológico de las plantaciones forestales comerciales trascendiendo la orientación fuertemente productivista que prima hasta la fecha. Es por ello que se propone plantaciones forestales comerciales para la vida. Se concluye que toda silvicultura aplica principios ecológicos, pero no toda silvicultura aplica principios agroecológicos, en tanto se considera que la silvicultura y la agroecología son disciplinas totalmente separadas y con fines diferentes.

El manejo de los sistemas silvopastoriles asociados con los algarrobos (Neltuma spp.) como componente arbóreo constituyen un potencial forestal para la ecorregión chaqueña, además de beneficiar al bienestar animal por suministro de sombra, fuente alternativa de forraje, protección contra el viento y los efectos adversos de los extremos de temperatura, y mitigar los efectos del cambio climático por el almacenamiento de carbono tanto en la biomasa como el suelo, por lo que constituye un sistema integrado de producción sustentable para el Chaco paraguayo. El objetivo fue evaluar la regeneración natural de algarrobos (Neltuma spp.) integrados a sistemas silvopastoriles del Chaco Central Paraguayo como respuesta manejo silvicultural. Para ello, se determinó la sobrevivencia de algarrobos sometidos a tratamientos silviculturales en sistemas silvopastoriles, se evaluó el incremento en diámetro de algarrobos, el área basal, el volumen, la biomasa, el carbono acumulado y dióxido de carbono equivalente, la fenología y el estado sanitario de los individuos arbóreos inventariados, el componente herbáceo y animal, y las propiedades físicas y químicas de los suelos. Los resultados obtenidos refieren una sobrevivencia alta de algarrobos en los sistemas silvopastoriles, siendo los promedios de las variables dasométricas en cuanto a área basal de 11,99 m2/ha, volumen de fuste de 10,93 m3/ha y del volumen total 75,48 m3/ha. Al momento del inventario se registró que 74% de los individuos se encontraban en floración y 68% enfermos. El componente herbáceo estuvo integrado por Gatton panic (Panicum maximun) con una carga animal de 0,8 UA y solo uno de los tres potreros presentó suelos compactados.El contenido de anhidrido carbónico acumulado fue similar en los tres potreros. Se concluye que los sistemas silvopastoriles asociados con Neltuma spp. como componente arbóreo constituyen un potencial forestal para producción sustentable de la ecorregión chaqueña.

The article analyzes the practices of the pulp industry and its by-products in the far north of Espírito Santo, between the municipalities of Conceição da Barra and São Mateus, over the last 60 years. To do so, it presents the entry process of the pulp industry in this territory, known as Sapê do Norte, where more than 30 quilombola communities live. We will discuss the logic and form of eucalyptus plantations, their effects and, more recently, the ontological conflicts arising from the criticism coming from quilombolas and partner activists regarding the management methods of the place by the pulp company. In this way, we analyze the processes and practices of world construction of the colonizers - extractivism corporations, large landowners and the State - as colonial ontological designs. We conclude that it is possible to observe the updating of the colonial technologies of the pulp industry, from strictly coercive violence with the use of the State's military apparatus, to the era of conflict and criticism management, remaining as a fundamental part of the process of maintaining non-humans. and of humans as colonized subjects within a colonial world construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales is the property of Universidad Autonoma Chapingo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Forests / Revista Pădurilor is the property of Societatea Progresul Silvic / Forest Progress Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Introducción]: La capacidad productiva de una plantación forestal depende principalmente de las características fisicoquímicas del suelo, así como del manejo silvicultural necesario para un óptimo desarrollo de los árboles. [Objetivo]: El objetivo de esta investigación fue la evaluación del efecto de la fertilización sobre plantaciones forestales clonales de Gmelina arborea Roxb. de tres años de edad, en el Pacífico Norte y Sur de Costa Rica. [Metodología]: El estudio se realizó en dos ensayos experimentales del Instituto de Investigación y Servicios Forestales ubicados en La Esperanza, Cóbano (ensayo 1) y en Rancho Quemado, Bahía Drake (ensayo 2). Se establecieron cinco bloques completos al azar con cuatro tratamientos de fertilización con el abono 19-4-19-2-0,1(B)-1,8(S)-,1(Zn). Se realizó un análisis de varianza y comparación de medias de los incrementos medios anuales del DAP, la altura y el volumen total de los árboles, utilizando la prueba de Tukey. [Resultados]: Los resultados muestran que el sitio con mayor fertilidad natural presenta un mayor crecimiento de los árboles, sin embargo, no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre todos los tratamientos aplicados. El sitio de menor fertilidad natural se ubica en Bahía Drake y si presentó diferencias estadísticamente significativas en algunos tratamientos en términos de volumen total. [Conclusiones]: Los efectos de la fertilización tienen un impacto positivo en el crecimiento dasométrico en plantaciones de G. arborea que presenten bajos contenidos de calcio (20.48 %).

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

RESUMO A presenta característica quanto a árvore, madeira, zona de ocorrencia, emprego e reconhecimento dendrológico da família do louro-pardo Cordia trichotoma (Vell.) Arrab. ex Steud - Boraginaceae.

Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart. & Zucc. (Apocynaceae) é uma árvore presente no semiárido brasileiro, utilizada para exploração madeireira, cosmética e medicinal. Métodos sustentáveis de manejo são importantes para melhorar o rendimento e garantir a produção florestal sustentável. Dentre esses métodos, podemos citar o tratamento físico para melhorar o vigor das sementes, com o uso de ultrassom (US) e micro-ondas (MW). Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo testar o uso de US e MW para melhorar o vigor de sementes de A. pyrifolium. Sementes desta espécie foram submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos: 1) MW: 0, 5, 10, 15 e 20 s e 2) US: 0, 1, 2, 3 e 4 min, sendo em seguida semeadas em rolos de papel e incubadas em câmara de germinação (BOD) (25 ± 2 ºC, sete dias, fotoperíodo de 12 h). As sementes foram avaliadas por 14 dias sobre variáveis de germinação e vigor e os resultados foram analisados por regressão linear e correlação de Pearson, com o programa R. Os tratamentos físicos US e MW não apresentaram efeitos positivos para enriquecimento do vigor de sementes de A. pyrifolium.

O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a caracterização patogênica de isolados de Pestalotiopsis grandis-urophylla obtidos a partir de lesões em folhas de eucalipto. A partir de 2 isolados foi realizado a caracterização patogênica, onde foram inoculados em folhas e submetidos a condições controladas de temperatura e luz em caixas acrílicas transparentes com manutenção da umidade apenas no papel. As avaliações foram realizadas medindo-se as lesões na face abaxial das folhas aos 4, 6, 8 e 10 dias após a inoculação (DAI), com auxílio de paquímetro digital, obtendo-se o tamanho das lesões em mm2. Na avaliação do potencial patogênico, os dados referentes às lesões causadas por P. grandis-urophylla foram submetidos ao teste de Tukey e à análise de regressão para obtenção de modelos significativos. Não houve diferença estatística entre os isolados quanto à área foliar lesionada (AFL), e quanto a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD). A metodologia de inoculação avaliada proporcionou reprodução dos sintomas da doença.

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Silva Lusitana is the property of Unidade de Investigacao de Silvicultura e Productos Florestais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Se realizó un estudio en plantaciones de Tectona grandis de cinco años ubicadas en la región amazónica del Perú, con el objetivo de evaluar la respuesta en crecimiento, productividad, índices silviculturales y calidad. Se evaluaron 19 parcelas permanentes de monitoreo en 20.7 ha, distribuidas en cuatro zonas. Los parámetros dasométricos determinaron las variables cuantitativas, mientras que la ponderación de las variables cualitativas determinó la calidad inicial de la plantación. Los resultados muestran una plantación de buena calidad y espesura estable, con valores elevados de crecimiento y productividad, reportando diámetros de 16.93 cm y alturas de 13.27 m. Los incrementos medios anuales del diámetro y la altura fueron de 3.39 cm.año-1 y 2.66 m.año-1 respectivamente. Asimismo, se obtuvo un incremento medio anual volumétrico de 16.109 m3.ha-1.año-1. Este estudio contribuye a la toma de decisiones para la planificación de actividades silvícolas y muestra el comportamiento de la especie para futuras plantaciones en la región.

Cordia trichotoma is a species of great economic interest, however information on its nutritional requirement is still incipiente. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the efficiency and adequate doses of different sources of fertilizers, for the production of Cordia trichotoma seedlings. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (DIC), in a 3 x 5 factorial, with three different sources of fertilizers, two slow-release fertilizers (ALL1 and ALL2) and the use of readily soluble sources (MAP and KCl). The second factor represents the tested doses 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200%, in relation to a dose considered standard. The doses of the slow-release fertilizer were based on the standard dose of 0.44 g seedlings-1, while the readily soluble fertilizer doses were of a fixed dose of 0.08 g seedlings-1 of KCl, and increasing doses of MAP, based on the standard dose of 0.1 g changes -1. At 270 days after sowing, the variables height, collecting diameter, dry mass and Dickson's Quality Index were measured. For each variable, the maximum technical efficiency dose (DMET) was calculated. The use of MAP and KCl provided superior growth of seedlings in relation to ALL sources, for all variables evaluated. The DMET found for ALL1, ALL2 and MAP and KCl were 200%, 200% and 120%, respectively. Thus, it is recommended to use MAP and KCl, at a dose of 120%, that is, 0.08 g L-1 of KCl and 0.12 g L-1 of MAP for fertilization of Cordia trichotoma seedlings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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El estudio se realizó en una plantación de Schinopsis balansae (quebracho colorado chaqueño) de 15 años de edad, perteneciente a la empresa INDUNOR S.A. en La Escondida- Chaco, Argentina. Se establecieron como objetivos aportar conocimientos e información técnica relacionada a la estructura y dinámica de dicha plantación, y determinar el modelo más conveniente para expresar la relación hipsométrica. En la obtención de datos se aplicó un muestreo simple aleatorio, en el cual se utilizaron seis parcelas rectangulares. La caracterización de la estructura horizontal incluyó la determinación de parámetros dasométricos e índices de densidad y dominancia por clase diamétrica. En la estructura vertical se utilizó el índice de posición sociológica. Como complemento al análisis estructural se utilizó la variable cualitativa forma de fuste. Con datos de diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP) y altura total (HT), se analizó la relación hipsométrica.

Dinizia excelsa é uma das maiores árvores da floresta amazônica, com grande potencial econômico para recuperação de áreas degradadas. Trata-se de uma espécie-chave para diversidade e aumento da biomassa florestal. Ainda são escassos os estudos relacionados à produção seminal de mudas da espécie. Nós avaliamos a produção e a qualidade de mudas de D. excelsa em resposta à aplicação de doses de adubo de liberação controlada. O delineamento adotado foi inteiramente casualizado, aplicando-se diferentes doses de Osmocote® (T1=0; T2=4.1; T3= 8.2 e T4=12.3 g.dm-³) com quatro repetições, utilizando-se como substrato vermiculita e fibra de coco (1:1 v/v). Foram avaliados número de folhas e folíolos, comprimento da parte aérea e raiz, diâmetro do coleto, altura das mudas, relação comprimento da parte aérea e diâmetro do coleto, área foliar, massa seca da parte aérea, raiz e total. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e regressão. As mudas responderam positivamente ao uso do adubo Osmocote® e a partir da dose 4.1 g.dm-³ o acúmulo de biomassa apresentou melhores resultados, podendo ser recomendada, permitindo uma economia nos custos de produção seminal de mudas da espécie.

Nas últimas décadas os programas de melhoramento vêm contribuindo para a obtenção de ganhos significativos de produtividade para as principais espécies florestais exóticas cultivadas no Brasil. No entanto, há dúvidas quanto ao entendimento da potencialidade de sua utilização como uma ferramenta de gestão da produtividade por parte do mercado florestal. Diante disso, o presente trabalho objetivou compreender como o melhoramento genético florestal tem apoiado na gestão da produtividade florestal no país ao longo dos anos e como o mercado vem observando essa temática. Para isso, o trabalho foi conduzido em duas fases, sendo: i) revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema e ii) pesquisa do tipo survey aplicada via formulário eletrônico semiestruturado, contendo 12 perguntas. A partir da revisão bibliográfica, observa-se que o melhoramento genético florestal tem colaborado para a gestão da produtividade florestal a partir de diferentes formas, com destaque para a produção de sementes melhoradas, avaliação e seleção de genótipos com tolerância e/ou resistência a pragas e a doenças, avaliação e seleção de genótipos com tolerância e/ou resistência a estresses abióticos e a alocação de materiais genéticos conforme interação genótipos x ambientes. A pesquisa realizada apontou à presença de uma área estruturada de melhoramento florestal na maioria das empresas florestais. Os entrevistados afirmaram que as informações geradas por essa área auxiliam na gestão da produtividade, bem como são utilizadas como uma estratégia para gestão florestal. A alocação de materiais genéticos conforme interação genótipos x ambientes foi apontada como a principal linha de trabalho dos programas de melhoramento florestal.

Cordia trichotoma é uma espécie de grande interesse econômico, contudo as informações de suas necessidades nutricionais ainda são incipientes. Dessa forma, objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência e doses adequadas de fontes de fertilizantes para produção de mudas de Cordia trichotoma. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em fatorial 3x5, com três fontes de fertilizantes, sendo dois adubos de liberação lenta e uma fonte prontamente solúvel (MAP, combinado com KCl), nas doses de 0, 50, 100, 150 e 200%, em relação a dose recomendada. Aos 270 dias, realizou-se a mensuração das variáveis altura, diâmetro de coleto, massa seca e Índice de Qualidade de Dickson. Para cada variável, foi realizado o cálculo da dose máxima de eficiência técnica (DMET). O uso de MAP e KCl proporcionou crescimento superior das mudas em relação às fontes de ALL, para todas as variáveis avaliadas. As médias de DMET encontradas para o ALL1, ALL2 e MAP e KCl foram de 195%, 190% e 120%, respectivamente. Assim, recomenda-se o uso de MAP e KCl, na dose de 120%, ou seja, 0,08 g L-1 de KCl e 0,12 g L-1 de MAP para fertilização de mudas de Cordia trichotoma.

As the area covered by human‐modified environments grows, it is increasingly important to understand the responses of communities to the novel habitats created, especially for sensitive and threatened taxa. We aimed to improve understanding of the major evolutionary and ecological processes that shape the assemblage of amphibian and reptile communities to forest modifications. To this end, we compiled a global data set of amphibian and reptile surveys in natural, disturbed (burned, logged), and transformed (monocultures, polyspecific plantations) forest communities to assess the richness, phylogenetic diversity, and composition of those communities, as well as the morphological disparity among taxa between natural and modified forest habitats. Forest transformations led to a diversity reduction of 15.46% relative to the statistically nonsignificant effect of disturbances. Transformations also led to a community composition that was 39.4% dissimilar to that on natural forests, compared with 16.1% difference in disturbances. Modifications did not affect the morphological disparity of communities (p = 0.167 and 0.744), and we found little evidence of taxon‐specific responses to anthropic impacts. Monocultures and polyspecific plantations detrimentally affected the conservation and ecological value of both amphibian and reptile communities and altered the evolutionary processes shaping these communities, whereas forests with lower impact disturbances might, to some extent, serve as reservoirs of species. Although different mechanisms might buffer the collapse of herpetological communities, preserving remaining natural forests is necessary for conserving communities in the face of future anthropic pressures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In southern Brazil, together with Argentina and Uruguay, is located the Pampa Biome. The fungal diversity present in this place can be affected by soil exploitation, which end up, consequently, influencing other biological communities. The objective of this study was to compare the fungal diversity in different land use areas in the Pampa Biome. For that, soil collections were carried out in the city of Pantano Grande, located in Rio Grande do Sul. Three different land use areas were sampled: native, pasture and forestry areas. Soil fungi were isolated using the decimal dilution technique. Identification occurred through observations of macro and microscopic characteristics. Through statistics methods, the diversity of fungi was analyzed and the fungal community was compared between the sampled areas. A total of 265 individuals distributed in nine taxonomic types were isolated. The three areas had four taxa in common (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus sp., Trichoderma sp. and Fusarium sp.), while the areas used for pasture were the only ones to present exclusivity in the presence of a taxon (Verticillium sp.). With this, it was possible to conclude that the areas used for pasture have the highest fungal biodiversity among the studied areas; however, statistically, the fungal richness between the different types of land use did not present differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brosimum alicastrum is a forest species of broad natural distribution in southeastern Mexico, with high potential for animal and human diets, although with incipient forest management. The objective of this study was to analyze the spatial-temporal evolution of basic and applied research where B. alicastrum was the object of study; through a bibliometric analysis of the texts available in the main editorial houses; to identify research areas that are not developed. In 308 texts found from 1883 to 2020, spatial-temporal evolution showed an exponential growth that concentrated the highest productivity from 2002 to 2020 (222 texts) in countries of the Americas. For the case of Mexico, it was found that the research was focused the southeast, which coincides with the natural distribution of the species. However, this research had a low impact (measured by the number of bibliographic citations) as a result of the publication in journals edited in Spanish, while impact journals are led by English-speaking countries, in English. Therefore, the research about B. alicastrum in Latin America has a broad margin of improvement through the publication of texts in English and in journals of greater impact, through the development of research areas that have been slightly explored such as silviculture of the species with special emphasis on its propagation, management in nursery, and forest plantations, which can contribute to food security in each country by ensuring the prime material of an emerging food agro-industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was carried out in five-year-old plantations of Tectona grandis located in the Amazon region of Peru, in order to evaluate the response in growth, productivity, silvicultural indices, and quality. Nineteen permanent monitoring plots in 20.7 ha distributed in four zones were evaluated. The dasometric parameters determined the quantitative variables, while the weighting of the qualitative variables determined the initial quality of the plantation. The results show a plantation of good quality and stable thickness, with high growth and productivity values, reporting diameters of 16.93 cm and heights of 13.27 m. The mean annual increases in diameter and height were 3.39 cm.yr-1 and 2.66 m.yr-1, respectively. Moreover, a mean annual volumetric increase of 16.109 m³.ha-1.yr-1 was obtained. This study contributes to decision-making for the planning of silvicultural activities, and it shows the behavior of teak for future plantations in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work was to evaluate the minicutting as a vegetative propagation technique and the effect of the application of different doses of indolebutyric acid (AIB) on the rooting of minicuttings of Lecythis lanceolata. The treatments consisted of two collections of shoots, at doses of 0, 2,000, 4,000 and 8,000 mg L-1 of IBA, (factorial 2 x 4), with four replications, in a completely randomized design. The seminal mini garden of Lecythis lanceolata has the potential for the supply of minicuttings. However, adventitious rooting is low, regardless of the application of auxin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart. & Zucc. (Apocynaceae) is a tree present in the Brazilian semiarid Region and it may be used as timber or as raw material for cosmetic and medicinal purposes. Sustainable methods of management are important to improve and to assure sustainable forest yield. Among these methods, we can note the physical treatment to improve vigor in forest seeds with the use of ultrasound (US) and microwave (MW). The aim of this research aimed was to test the use of US and MW to improve vigor to A. pyrifolium seeds. The seeds were submitted to the following treatments: 1) MW: 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 s and 2) US: 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 min. After treatment, the seeds were sown on paper rolls and incubated in BOD (25 ± 2 °C, seven days, 12 h photoperiod). The seeds were evaluated for vigor's characters during 14 days. The results were analyzed by linear regression and Pearson correlation, using R program. The physical treatments US and MW did not show positive effects to enrich vigor in A. pyrifolium seeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work was to evaluate the minicutting as a vegetative propagation technique and the effect of the application of different doses of indolebutyric acid (AIB) on the rooting of minicuttings of Lecythis lanceolata. The treatments consisted of two collections of shoots, at doses of 0, 2,000, 4,000 and 8,000 mg L-1 of IBA, (factorial 2 x 4), with four replications, in a completely randomized design. The seminal mini garden of Lecythis lanceolata has the potential for the supply of minicuttings. However, adventitious rooting is low, regardless of the application of auxin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known about the epidometric behavior of plantations made with native species. In this case, a study was carried out in a plantation of 15 years old of Schinopsis balansae Engl. (Quebracho colorado chaqueño). The objectives of this work were to contribute with knowledge and technical information about the structure and dynamics of this plantation, and to determine the most convenient model to express the hypsometric relationship. Data were obtained using a simple random sampling, with six rectangular plots. To characterize the horizontal structure, dasometric parameters were determined and density and dominance indexes by diameter class were calculated. The sociological position index was used to characterize the vertical structure. Stem shape was evaluated to complement the structural analysis. The hypsometric relationship was analyzed using data on diameter at breast height (DBH) and total height (TH). The results revealed a current density of 547 pl.ha-1, mean diameter of 12.08 cm, mean height of 7.20 m, basal area of 7.18 m².ha-., and stem volume of 25.06 m³.ha-1. Height was best predicted by the equation h = - 0.083 + 3.059 * ln d, corresponding to the Henriksen model. Regarding growth dynamics, mean annual increase in diameter and volume was 0.81 cm.yr-1 and 1.67 m³.ha-1.yr-1, respectively. In conclusion, the evaluated plantation is going through its exponential growth phase. The plantation presented a normal density, without apparent competition. Most of the individuals have a straight stem, as a result of the timely and adequate pruning. The logarithmic Henriksen model was the most reliable for estimating TH based on DBH. This work provides information about the silvicultural potential of S. balansae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dinizia excelsa is one of the largest trees in the Amazon rainforest, with significant economic potential for the recovery of degraded areas. It is a key species for biodiversity and increased forest biomass. However, studies related to seedling production of this species are still scarce. In this study, we evaluated the production and quality of D. excelsa seedlings in response to the application of controlled-release fertilizer doses. The experimental design was completely randomized, applying different doses of Osmocote® (T1=0; T2=4.1; T3=8.2; and T4=12.3 g.dm-3) with four replicates, using vermiculite and coconut fiber (1:1 v/v) as the substrate. We assessed the number of leaves and leaflets, shoot and root length, stem diameter, seedling height, shoot-to-stem diameter ratio, leaf area, dry mass of shoot, root, and total biomass. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and regression analysis. The seedlings responded positively to the use of Osmocote®, and starting from the 4.1 g.dm-3 dose, biomass accumulation showed better results, making it a recommended practice that allows cost savings in seedling production of this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Ambiente e Água is the property of Revista Ambiente e Agua and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Spal: Revista de Prehistoria y Arqueologia de la Universidad de Sevilla is the property of Spal. Revista de Prehistoria y Arqueologia de la Universidad de Sevilla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study is to analyze existing silvicultural experience related to the sycamore using literary data in order to optimize future work with the species. The discussion looks into matters related to: ecological requirements, seed propagation, vegetative propagation via rooting of stem cuttings and grafting, natural regeneration specifications, creating and cultivation of forest plantations, growth and productivity of the stands, and silviculture activities dedicated to the production of high-quality timber.

Para referirnos a la vida y la obra del Dr. Gerardo Budowski Wolffgang, resulta muy útil la definición que él aportó acerca de sí mismo: “Aunque tengo formación en agricultura y silvicultura, me gustaría llamarme un gestor del uso de la tierra (“land use manager”), donde se tienen en cuenta las preocupaciones ambientales hacia la gestión sostenible de los recursos renovables naturales.” Por supuesto que uno podría agregar más calificativos a los diversos aportes de Budowski en la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Sin embargo, la cita anterior los resume muy bien, y en pocas palabras clave: recursos renovables, uso de la tierra y gestión sostenible, con sus tres “patas” o dimensiones: ambientales, económicas y sociales. La carrera de Budowski se orientó en esa dirección, de una manera un poco sorprendente, partiendo de una base con enfoque productivo agrícola y forestal. Para otra persona con menos visión y capacidad que él, esta plataforma podría haber desembocado en un recorrido muy diferente y, probablemente, menos amplio.

No sul do Brasil, juntamente com a Argentina e o Uruguai, está situado o Bioma Pampa. A diversidade fúngica presente neste local pode ser afetada pelos meios de exploração do solo, que acabam, consequentemente, influenciando as demais comunidades biológicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a comparação da diversidade fúngica em diferentes áreas de utilização do solo do Bioma Pampa. Para tanto, foram realizadas coletas de solos na cidade de Pantano Grande, situada no Rio Grande do Sul. Três diferentes áreas de utilização do solo foram amostradas: área nativa, de pastagem e de silvicultura. Os fungos do solo foram isolados por meio da técnica da diluição decimal. A identificação ocorreu por meio das observações das características macro e microscópicas. Através de métodos estatísticos, analisou-se a diversidade dos fungos e se fez a comparação da comunidade de fungos entre as áreas amostradas. Foram isolados 265 indivíduos distribuídos em nove tipos taxonômicos. As três áreas apresentaram quatro táxons em comum (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus sp., Trichoderma sp. e Fusarium sp.), enquanto as áreas utilizadas para a pastagem foram as únicas a apresentar exclusividade na presença de um táxon (Verticillium sp.). Com isso, pôde-se concluir que o solo das áreas utilizadas para pastagem apresenta a maior biodiversidade fúngica entre as áreas estudadas, entretanto, a riqueza fúngica entre os diferentes tipos de uso do solo não apresentou diferenças.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a miniestaquia como técnica de propagação vegetativa e o efeito da aplicação de diferentes doses de ácido indolbutírico (AIB) no enraizamento de miniestacas de Lecythis lanceolata. Os tratamentos constituíram-se em duas coletas de brotações, nas doses de 0, 2.000, 4.000 e 8.000 mg L-1 de AIB, (fatorial 2 x 4), com quatro repetições, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. O minijardim seminal de Lecythis lanceolata apresenta potencial para fornecimento de miniestacas. Não houve influência da aplicação de auxina no enraizamento das miniestacas, sugerindo que a espécie apresenta baixa capacidade de emitir raízes.

Weasels are small mustelid carnivores that play an important role as predators of small mammals in a wide array of ecosystems. However, their response to land use, such as forest harvest for timber products, is seldom the subject of focused research and management projects. Both the American ermine, also known as the short-tailed weasel (Mustela richardsonii), and the long-tailed weasel (Neogale frenata) are native to Maine, United States, where commercial timber harvesting is widespread. The effects of this forest disturbance on weasels are poorly understood, so to contribute toward filling this knowledge gap, we conducted a 4-year, large-scale field study: specifically, our objective was to assess the effects of forest disturbance caused by timber harvest on occupancy patterns of ermines and long-tailed weasels occupancy patterns in Maine. We collected data from 197 survey sites (three camera traps each) over 4 years and analyzed over 7,000 images of weasels using dynamic false-positive occupancy models. We found that American ermines were widely distributed across the state (naïve occupancy at 54% of sites), while long-tailed weasels were rarer (naïve occupancy at 16% of sites). Both species responded positively to forest disturbance, with higher occupancy probabilities as disturbance increased, especially at the larger scales. American ermines were more likely to occupy stands with a higher percentage of conifer trees, while no such relationship was found for long-tailed weasels. We conclude that current forest harvest practices in Maine are not detrimental to weasel populations, but that the two species warrant continued monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay today account for well over a third of world exports of cellulose, yet this industry only came into existence in the late twentieth century. The evolution of this industry across the three countries is the object of this study. This nascent industry required direct government support in all three countries to be successful. Forestry laws and government investments in research, education, and factory construction were all needed to encourage local and foreign capital. There were differences among these countries in their linkages to other economic sectors as well as their export mix. But in all three countries, the forestry industry was part of a general modernization of agriculture that allowed for successful competition in world markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Balsa wood is used widely in the nautical, aeronautical and wind-energy industries because of its low-density and highresistance. In the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso, speculative producers with little knowledge of the culture have established balsa plantations using non-standardized and non-selected seedlings. In this sense, research is needed to improve balsa cultivation under Brazilian conditions to better explore the resource. The present study evaluated the efficiency of the Pilodyn instrument for the indirect determination of the basic wood density (BWD) of balsa. Twenty 12-year old balsa trees cultivated in Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, were probed with the Pilodyn instrument on both north and south faces of the trunk at the base and at 1.30 and 3.10 m from the ground. Wood discs were subsequently collected from the probed sites and BWD determined according to the water-immersion method. Data were submitted to the Shapiro-Wilk normality test followed by analysis of variance and Pearson's correlation analysis with a=0.05. The BWD of balsa decreased in the direction from the base to the top of the tree. The penetration depth of the Pilodyn probe was inversely proportional to BWD with a correlation that was strong (R2=0.72) at heights of 1.30 and 3.10 m but considered weak (R2=0.46) at the base of the trunk. The reliability of the Pilodyn method was sufficient to allow the development of a linear equation that could be applied for the indirect determination of the BWD of balsa based on the penetration depth of the Pilodyn probe assessed at 1.30 m from the ground. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Diversitas Journal is the property of Diversitas Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A serapilheira acumulada é um dos bioindicadores de programas de recuperação de áreas degradadas pela sua importância no ciclo biogeoquímico de ecossistemas florestais. Assim, este trabalho objetivou avaliar o estoque e a capacidade de retenção hídrica da serapilheira acumulada em plantios homogêneos de Mimosa tenuiflora com seis anos de idade e diferentes espaçamentos (2 m x 2 m e 3 m x 3 m) no município de Macaíba, RN. Em cada plantio, foram coletadas 10 amostras da camada de serapilheira acumulada sobre o solo, por meio de uma moldura metálica (gabarito). As amostras foram separadas nas frações folhas e galhos, secadas em estufa até a massa constante e pesadas em balança de precisão para determinação do estoque. A capacidade de retenção hídrica (CRH) da serapilheira foi determinada pelo Método de Blow. O estoque médio da serapilheira acumulada foi de 7.435,67 kg ha-1 para o menor espaçamento e 7.943,11 kg ha-1 para o maior, não havendo diferença estatística entre as médias. A fração foliar constituiu a maior proporção da serapilheira acumulada. A CRH foi similar entre os plantios, sendo de 143,9% para o mais adensado e de 143,1% para o outro. Os resultados refletem o potencial da espécie para a recuperação de áreas degradadas na região.

Este artigo teve como objetivo apresentar uma breve história do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal (PPGEF) da Universidade Federal do Paraná neste ano do cinquentenário de sua criação. Partindo de atas, registros e relatos dos professores fundadores foi possível reconstituir passo a passo os trâmites necessários para a criação do PPGEF mais longevo do Brasil. Buscou-se também apresentar os primeiros professores, bem como os primeiros alunos titulados no mestrado e no doutorado do programa. É apresentada também a evolução em números do mestrado e doutorado por década, demonstrando a pujança e magnitude do programa ao longo destes cinquenta anos. Até junho de 2022 o PPGEF titulou 1.425 discentes, sendo 857 títulos de Mestre e 568 títulos de Doutor. Também até esta data foram concedidos 35 certificados de Pós-Doutorado. Concluindo o artigo, os autores abordam alguns aspectos relativos às expectativas do programa para os próximos cinquenta anos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current study evaluates the vegetal development of Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber x Ducke) Barneby), commonly known as paricá, in pasturelands in the process of restoration in the Mosaic of Conservations Units of Carajás PA Brazil. The area comprises the connectivity program of forest fragments. They are degraded areas, previously occupied by pastures, which are at present being recuperated with native forest. Evaluation of the development of parica plants comprised plant height, diameter at breast height, cubing and canopy projection. Experimental data underwent regression analysis and Pearson's co-relation. As from strict cubing by Smalian method, a mean factor equal to 0.55 and a strong positive co-relationship with diameters and heights (r=0.83 and r=0.86) were determined. Cubing data helped in the adjustment of a mathematical model of double entry (diameter at breast height and height as independent variables) for estimating form factor in which regression adjustment statistics resulted in relatively high rates for the coefficient of determination (R² = 0.78) and low rates for standard estimation error (R² = 0.05). By applying the Schumacher-Hall's logarithm method for volume estimates, good statistical adjustments were obtained with a high coefficient of determination (R² = 0.99), low standard estimate error (R² = 0.07) and residual dispersion without biases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]