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Background and Aim: The emergence of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains poses a significant threat to healthcare settings. Although various studies have explored alternative antibiotics, discovering novel therapeutic agents remains crucial. This study aimed to synthesize green silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as bactericidal agents, identify a multidrug-resistant isolate of Staphylococcus aureus, and explore their biofilm formation ability. To estimate the role of phyto-AgNPs in the perfection of immune markers and healing hepatic lesions in vivo. Materials and Methods: The clinical isolate of MRSA was identified using 16S rRNA New green AgNPs derived from Artemisia annua extract were synthesized. The nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized, and their minimum inhibitory concentration was estimated for fighting MRSA biofilm. A study was conducted on rats to evaluate the effect of new NPs on their immune response to MRSA infection. Results: The new clinical isolate of MRSA RM-Ph8 was identified by molecular phylogenetic analysis as S. aureus, and 16S rRNA sequence analysis confirmed that the new strain was similar to S. aureus with 98.12% identity with accession number OQ421819. The FTIR of the new phyto-AgNPs displayed different functional groups that work as reducing silver nitrate agents. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy images showed spherical particles with an average diameter of 6-28 nm smaller. The chemical method led to complete cell destruction of the multidrug strain within 24 h. Biofilm formation showed that the new MRSA clinical strain was strongly adherent (88%). Notably, the phyto-AgNPs exhibited significant bactericidal activity against the new MRSA strain, with an MIC of up to 50 mg/mL. Moreover, phyto-AgNPs significantly decreased reversed MRSA-induced liver and kidney function impairment, with improvement in both the histopathological lesions and immune histochemical expression of tumor necrosis factor-a and inducible nitric oxide synthase at p < 0.05 compared with the untreated group. Conclusion: Green AgNPs are a promising therapeutic approach against multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, surpassing the effectiveness of conventional antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plant-mediated synthesis of therapeutic metal nanoparticles is an intensively exploited field in the last decade. In particular, Salvia officinalis, considered one of these plants, was used in this work to synthesize silver particles. Here, we have used harmless substances to obtain silver particles and common characterization methods for quickly estimating sizes and shapes. Thus, UV–Visible spectroscopy helped us online-monitor and optimize the synthesis of silver particles and estimate the size of metallic particles in the stock solutions. The resulting eco-friendly synthesized silver particles were then separated and re-dispersed in water, to be analyzed by laser light scattering, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to prove their nanometric size and shape polydispersity. Furthermore, the role of citric acid in stabilizing colloidal solutions of silver nanoparticles was studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the orthopaedic surgery field, the use of medical implants to treat a patient's bone fracture is nowadays a common practice, nevertheless, it is associated with possible cases of infection. The consequent hardware infection can lead to implant failure and systemic infections, with prolonged hospitalization, time-consuming rehabilitation treatments, and extended antibiotic therapy. Hardware infections are strictly related to bacterial adhesion to the implant, leading to infection occurrence and consequent pH decreasing from physiological level to acid pH. Here, we demonstrate the new strategy to use an orthopaedic implant functionalized with iridium oxide film as the working electrode for the potentiometric monitoring of pH in hardware infection diagnosis. A functional investigation was focused on selecting the implant material, namely titanium, titanium alloy, and stainless steel, and the component, namely screws and implants. After selecting the titanium-based implant as the working electrode and a silver wire as the reference electrode in the final configuration of the smart sensing orthopaedic implant, a calibration curve was performed in standard solutions. An equation equal to y = (0.76 ± 0.02) - (0.068 ± 0.002) x, R2 = 0.996, was obtained in the pH range of 4-8. Subsequently, hysteresis, interference, matrix effect, recovery study, and storage stability were investigated to test the overall performance of the sensing device, demonstrating the tremendous potential of electrochemical sensors to deliver the next generation of smart orthopaedic implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines a little-explored aspect of the Western Georgian tradition of filigree based on examples of arms decoration in this technique. It also briefly describes previously uncovered life and creative path of the goldsmith Philippe “Philu” Dzadzamidze whose original works are widely represented in museums and private collections. Despite the fact that filigree technique occurs in Georgia since the ancient period, modern weaponology has so far been confined to the consideration of Georgian items mainly of the 19th century, as it was from the middle of the 19th century when arms decorated with filigree became popular in Western Georgia. Such arms were made in different cities of Western Georgia, in particular in Kutaisi, Khoni, Senaki, Zugdidi, Sukhumi and others, as well as in Eastern Georgia — in Tbilisi by “seasonal workers” who migrated from different regions of Western Georgia. Among arms with filigree, what particularly stands out is a number of items which have the author’s inscription of the surname “Dzadzamidze” and, accordingly, were made by the goldsmith Philippe “Philu” Dzadzamidze. The family of goldsmiths Dzadzamidze (Dzadzamia) came from Western Georgia, particularly from Mingrelia and their skill is directly connected with goldsmithing traditions that existed at the court of the Mingrelian rulers Dadiani for many centuries. Despite the fact that arms decorated by master Dzadzamidze are often seen in private and public collections and auctions, very little has been known about his life and creative path until now. Relying on various historical sources, the author provides a list of facts from the master’s life and highlights the goldsmithing traditions in the historical context of Western Georgia, the logical continuation of which is the mastery of filigree performed by Philippe “Philu” Dzadzamidze.

Commercial titania photocatalysts were modified with silver nanoparticles (NPs) by the photodeposition method in the presence/absence of methanol. The obtained photocatalysts were characterized by XRD, XPS, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, STEM, and time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) methods. The photocatalytic activity was tested under UV/vis irradiation for (i) methanol dehydrogenation (during silver deposition), (ii) oxygen evolution with in situ silver deposition, and (iii) oxidative decomposition of acetic acid, as well as under vis irradiation for 2-propanol oxidation. The action spectra of 2-propanol oxidation were also performed. It has been confirmed that modification of titania with silver causes significant improvement of photocatalytic activity under both UV and vis irradiation as silver works as an electron scavenger (TRMC data) and vis activator (possibly by an energy transfer mechanism). The obtained activities differ between titania samples significantly, suggesting that the type of crystalline phase, particle/crystallite sizes, and electron traps' density are crucial for both the properties of formed silver deposits and resultant photocatalytic activity. It might be concluded that, under UV irradiation, (i) high crystallinity and large specific surface area are recommended for rutile- and anatase-rich samples, respectively, during hydrogen evolution, (ii) mixed crystalline phases cause a high rate of oxygen evolution from water, and (iii) anatase phase with fine silver NPs results in efficient decomposition of acetic acid, whereas under vis irradiation the aggregated silver NPs (broad localized surface plasmon resonance peak) on the rutile phase are promising for oxidation reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purposes of this research are: 1) to reflect, through psychoanalysis (Jung, 2016a, 2016b, 2016c, 2016d), how the most frequent lexicon in the work The Silver Chair (1998 [1953]), written by C. S. Lewis, represents possible manifestations of masculine and feminine in its main characters, and 2) to check the translational processes used by Silva and Campos in order to promote such conjecture in Spanish and Portuguese, respectively. We use, in addition to Jungian principles, corpus-based translation studies (Baker, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1999, 2000; Camargo, 2005, 2007), corpus linguistics (P. Baker, 2012; Egbert, Larssson and Biber, 2020) and lexicology (Chevalier and Gheerbrant, 1986; Dubois and others, 1973). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on four silver altar statues of the Evangelists commissioned for the island of Malta.

Reliable room temperature carbon monoxide (CO) detection remains a key challenge constrain existing gas sensor technologies. Polyaniline (PANI)-based chemiresistors show promise but exhibit deficiencies including slow response/recovery and limited sensitivity. This work develops a silver chloride-functionalized protonated PANI integrated with graphene oxide (AgCl@PA-PANI/GO) nanocomposite sensor to address these limitations. The synergistic combination of PA-PANI, GO, and AgCl nanoparticles creates a tailored architecture to enable rapid and sensitive CO chemiresistive transduction at room temperature. Fabrication of flexible sensors was followed by materials characterization verifying successful composite synthesis. Gas sensing assessments demonstrated remarkable performance improvements including 50/39 s response/recovery times and 19.5% sensitivity at 130 ppm CO along with stability over multiple cycles. Comparative analysis verified that incorporating AgCl with PA-PANI/GO amplified the sensitivity by 4X and reduced response/recovery times by over 35% compared to unmodified PA-PANI/GO. This establishes a new materials-by-design approach to overcome existing limitations through rational nanocomposite engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work investigates the capabilities of a platform for nonenzymatic glucose sensing employing a novel 3D printed three‐electrode mask‐embedded design. A reservoir‐on‐mask has been fabricated for smart sample insertion to avoid spillage. Working and counter silver electrodes are modified with three different material combinations such as graphene oxide (GO), poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), and GO + PEDOT:PSS, and their performance comparison is demonstrated. It is observed that the GO + PEDOT:PSS modification shows 94.57 and 71.01% higher sensitivity than GO and PEDOT:PSS, respectively, including a higher linearity compared to its counterparts. Glucose concentrations ranging from 50 to 300 mg dL−1 are detected by employing cyclic voltammetry and electrical impedance spectroscopic technique. Herein, a significantly high sensitivity of 18.8 μAmM−1 cm−2 and low limit of detection ≈ 0.4 mM has been achieved for the proposed sensor. The 3D printed mask structure provides 75% higher sample retention ability, greater reliability in terms of sample placement in the sensor and improved test performances. The proposed sensor can provide a stable and large‐scale deployable solution to future biosensing platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Santander. Estudios de Patrimonio is the property of Santander Estudios de Patrimonio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Imafronte. Revista de Historia del Arte is the property of Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Silver nanoparticles (Ag‐NPs) exhibit the highest efficiency of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) excitation that can be tuned to any wave length in the visible spectrum. Its performance depends to a large extent on its physicochemical characteristics such as size and shape; which, in turn, can be modulated by the selective growth of their crystalline facets. We used a simple direct chemical reduction method with a precise manipulation of seed‐mediated growth control through an automated single‐phase continuous flow‐batch system to induce customized geometries on Ag‐NPs. Optimization of the experimental design was carried out from a multivariate analysis, where the height/width ratio of LSPR band was used as response signal. Proposed methodology controls the critical steps in the synthesis of Ag‐NPs that modulate their morphology to attain customized surface plasmon resonance in an interval of 380 nm (spherical‐shaped nanoparticles) to 925 nm ({111}‐ faceted prism‐shaped nanoplates) absorptions, leading to a versatile platform to extend their potential applications. Although the present work focused on silver nanoparticles, we believe that this methodology can be extended to any free‐electron metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Contributors" in Northern Scotland features a diverse group of researchers and historians. David Alston focuses on enslaved Africans and Scottish enslavers in Guyana, while Matthew Lee explores the Scottish connection to enslavement in the Caribbean. Richard Anderson's work delves into African narratives of slavery and abolition, and Rhona Ramsay's research examines the representation of Scottish Romani and Travellers in Scottish museums. Dr. Robin Jackson's contributions highlight the artistic work of Hermann Gross and his parish histories in Aberdeenshire and Kincardineshire. [Extracted from the article]

The article considers the ongoing influence of Inka culture in the Viceroyalty of Peru during the colonial period of circa 1532 to 1825 by focusing on the use of dress pins known as tupu and ttipqui, used to hold clothing in place originally by indigenous peoples, but later adapted and appropriated by Europeans in the Spanish empire. The pins were often made of silver to hold traditional dress, with ttipqui worn as a pair connected by a chain, while tupu were worn singly.

Biological metal-organic frameworks (BioMOF) formed by coordinating metal ions with biologically derived organic ligands have rising scientific stature owing to their superior functionalities. In the current work silver mandelate crystals (Ag(C8H7O3)), a silver-based bio-MOF are grown in hydrosilica gel medium activated with mandelate anions. XRD pattern of the powdered crystal confirmed the crystallinity of the crystals and the diffraction pattern is matched with the reported card data. Raman and FTIR spectra analyses confirmed the formation of the compound and ensured the presence of various functional groups in the crystal. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed the chemical formula of the grown crystal and Differential Thermal analysis (DTA) stated that the compound is thermally stable. The single-stage thermal degradation over the temperature range of 160–350°C shows the- final degraded product is crystalline silver. The electronic spectral studies of the grown crystals show that the optical band gap energy is 4.36 eV. The dielectric behaviour is examined by studying the variation of dielectric constant, conductivity, and dielectric loss with the frequency of the applied field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turcology Research is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Infectious diseases prompted by micro-organisms such as fungi, parasites, or microbes, have influenced many countries' public health causing death. Scientists declared that metal oxide composites have various advantages in the medical field such as the antimicrobial feature has freshly been revealed as well as its role in suppressing mosquito population. Methods: In this work silver doped zinc oxide nanorods (Ag/ZnO NRs, 10 wt.%) were prepared by simple chemical route, and their microstructural characteristics were investigated by XRD, EDX, SEM, and TEM techniques. The antimicrobial, larvicidal, and ovicidal of the synthesized nanocomposites were examined. Results: The synthesized nanocomposite exhibited binary phase of crystallite size 112 nm was calculated from Williamson-Hall method. EDX spectrum revealed the purity of the composite consists of Zn, O, and Ag elements. The SEM and TEM micrographs showed the particles in nanorods with high density on the surface. The energy gap (E g) was evaluated from the UV–Vis absorbance in the range from 2.90 - 3.08 eV inside the visible spectrum. The antimicrobial activity of the nanorods was examined against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) with inhibition zones 10.5 and 14.5 mm, respectively. Whereas gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were 14 and 17 mm, respectively. Further, Candida albicans was investigated with inhibition zone 7.5 mm. Besides, the insecticidal impact of the nanocomposite against Culex pipiens larvae was performed at 30 mg/l causing 100% larval mortality with LC50 (11.78 mg/l). The micrograph images showed deformations in the larval body as well as egg resulting in zero egg hatchability. Conclusion: The findings approved that synthesized nanorods have a significant impact on controlling pathogens that impart different diseases to humans and the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrophenols are important environmental pollutants and their monitoring is important because of their genotoxic and ecotoxic properties. Easy electrochemical reduction of nitro groups can be used for their voltammetric determination using mercury based electrodes. However, requirements of green analytical chemistry prompted us to investigate a novel type of silver porous electrode (AgPE) prepared by powder metallurgy compatible with both "green" and "white" analytical chemistry requirements. In this paper, AgPE was for the first time successfully used for differential pulse voltammetric determination of micromolar concentrations of 2‐nitrophenol (NP), 2,4‐dinitrophenol (DNP), and 2,4,6‐trinitrophenol (TNP) in aqueous media. The main advantage of the novel method is the possibility to use small sample volume (down to 25 μL) and to work in the presence of oxygen when using supporting electrolyte of pH 3. This advantage partially compensates the fact that the obtained sensitivity and limit of detection are not better than with the previously investigated electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although the health benefits of working in old age are well known, no research has examined them among older people with pre-frailty. We examined the improvement effect of working through the Silver Human Resources Center (SHRC) on pre-frailty among older people in Japan. Methods: We carried out a two-year longitudinal survey from 2017 to 2019. Among 5,199 older people, the analysis included 531 participants who were judged to be of pre-frailty status at baseline and who completed both surveys. We utilized the records of participants' work through the SHRC from 2017 to 2019. The evaluation of the frequency of working through the SHRC was categorized as "less-working" (i.e., less than a few times a month), "moderate-working" (i.e., one to two times a week), and "frequent-working" (i.e., more than three times a week). The transition of frailty status was classified as "improved" (from pre-frailty to robust) and "non-improved" (from pre-frailty to pre-frailty or frailty). Logistic regression was used to assess the influence of the frequency of working through the SHRC on the improvement of pre-frailty. The analysis model was adjusted for age, sex, working for financial reward, years of membership, community activities, and health status at baseline. Inverse-probability weighting was used to correct for survival bias in the follow-up period. Results: The improvement rate of pre-frailty during follow-up was 28.9% among the less-working, 40.2% in the moderate-working, and 36.9% in the frequent-working groups. The improvement rate in the less-working group was significantly lower than that in the other two groups (φ = -2.4). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that individuals in the moderate-working group had significantly higher odds of pre-frailty improvement than those in the less-working group (OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.14–1.90), and no significant differences were found between the frequent-working and less-working groups. Conclusions: We found that the participants engaged in moderate working through the SHRC significantly increased their rate of pre-frailty improvement, while frequent working showed no significant association. Therefore, in the future it is important to provide moderate work to older people with pre-frailty according to their health status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous MnO2 microflowers with a hexagonal crystalline structure were facilely prepared at a low hydrothermal temperature of 90°C, without using any template or capping agent. The as-prepared MnO2 only presented an excellent detection ability for copper (II) by a square wave anodic stripping voltammetry in the presence of super P carbon black as conducting agent, and Nafion as binder. In the present work, to evaluate the detection ability of copper (II) in the MnO2 microflowers, chips of screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) having a polyurethane substrate, a silver working electrode, a carbon counter electrode, and a silver pseudoelectrode, were designed. Then, the SPEs chips were modified with MnO2 microflowers and/or super P carbon and used as electrochemical sensors for the detection of copper (II) present in water sources. From the measured results, the fabricated sensors with excellent copper detection in a linear range from 0.625 nM to 15 nM (R2 = 0.9737), and a low detection limit (0.5 nM), high sensitivity (214.05 μA/cm2 nM), and rapid response (180 s) demonstrated high application potential for electrochemical sensors in the detection of copper in water resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A facile green approach was used for the synthesis of Silver nanoparticles by " Murrayapaniculata (L) Jack" flower extract. • Examined the Silver Nps using UV, FTIR, XRD and sophisticated techniques such as FESEM, TEM and XPS. • Synthesised Silver Nps showed efficient catalytical activity towards nitrophenol reduction. Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plant extracts has gained recognition. We report, the eco-friendly synthesis of Silver nanoparticles using the aqueous flower extract of Murraya paniculata (L) Jack (MP Silver NPs). Characterisation of the NPs was carried out using different spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The findings confirmed the presence of Silver NPs via UV–vis spectroscopy, FTIR and XRD. SEM and TEM images indicated spherical structured MP Silver NPs , with an average size of 27.8 nm. Elemental analysis using XPS confirmed the presence of Ag in NPs. Biosynthesised silver NPs were explored for catalytical activity. The current work produces Silver NPs using a new green source with a wide range of applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Hg2+ ion sensitive detector is obtained by laser ablation of silver in sodium citrate solution. • Simple naked eye detection is possible for these sensors. • Agglomeration of nanoparticles is responsible for the decrease in extinction. • Simple and fast synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Heavy metal detection in water bodies is crucial to prevent potential harm to the environment, animals and humans. While powerful techniques such as atomic absorption spectrometry exist, they often require extensive sample preparation and are typically confined to laboratory settings. As a result, alternative detection methods such as optical sensors, are under development to provide a simpler, faster, and on-site detection solution. In the present work spheroidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with a mean size of 14.7 ± 0.6 nm were synthesized by laser ablation in a sodium citrate solution. These nanoparticles exhibit a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), which is profoundly dependent on the size, morphology and composition of the nanoparticles and the refractive index of the surrounding media. The detection capabilities of these nanoparticles were assessed by exposing them to various metal ions, revealing a distinctive sensitivity to Hg2+ ions. Notably, this particular ion had a significant impact on the extinction curve of the AgNPs. The impact of synthesis parameters, including sodium citrate and NaCl concentration, as well as pH, on the efficacy of Hg2+ detection was systematically studied. Characterization techniques such as Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), High-Resolution TEM (HRTEM), and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) were employed to determine the size, morphology, distribution, crystalline structure, and elemental composition of the AgNPs. The results indicated that AgNPs synthesized through laser ablation in a sodium citrate solution exhibited sensitive detection capabilities for Hg2+ ions, reaching an LOD and LOQ of 0.9355 μM and 2.8350 μM respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anode‐free Li metal batteries (AFLMBs) are highly advantageous due to their high energy density, low cost, and simple fabrication. However, severe challenges, such as uncontrolled dendrite formation and low coulombic efficiency, restrict their practical application. Herein, this work introduces a silver nanoparticles incorporated p‐doped conjugated polymer (Ag‐PCP) wetting agent on the copper current collector, which promotes both uniform Li nucleation and rapid formation of a LiF‐rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) at the early stage, resulting in interfacial stabilization and high Li utilization efficiency. Moreover, this work verifies the interfacial fluorinated mechanism of the Ag‐PCP to efficiently achieve a favorable SEI chemistry, which serves as an intermediate process for promoting LiF formation. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of Ag–Li alloying and F‐doping chemistry of the Ag‐PCP chains, the deposited Li exhibits a compact column‐like structure with dendrite‐free morphology, and the anode‐free cells display superior cycling stability with long lifespan even under harsh conditions, with the LFP//Ag‐PCP│Cu full cell having a high capacity retention of 72% (Li inventory retention rate, 99.8%) at 1 C‐rate after 200 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reveals the authorship of the silver altar frontal of the chapel of Nuestra Señora de la Antigua in the cathedral of Seville. Specifically, thanks to a correct reading of its punches, we know that it was executed by the Roman silversmith Lorenzo de Caporali before September 1761, when canon Martín Alberto de Carvajal donated it to this Marian chapel. In addition, we analyse the style of the piece and argue the connection between its patron and Rome thanks to the new documents we have found in different archives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Quintana: Revista do Departamento de Historia da Arte USC is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Norba: Revista de Arte is the property of Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Extremadura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Norba: Revista de Arte is the property of Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Extremadura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)