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Effect of sowing dates, climatic variables on major insect pests population, and host plant resistance with special reference to pod borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) ecosystem was studied on two cultivars namely, ICPL 87 and ICPL 88039. The insect pest population on two cultivars differed significantly across sowing dates. ICPL 87 was most vulnerable to insect pests as it suffered more damage by the pod borer H. armigera, pod sucking bugs (Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stal.) than ICPL 88039. The maximum leaf/pod feeding insect population was recorded on first sowing and then gradually decline for the rest of the plantings. Maximum H. armigera egg population exhibited 21.10 on ICPL 87 in first sowing and at least 1.23 on ICPL 88039 in sixth sowing. Web forming insect pests Maruca virata (3.95) and leaf webber (4.66) weremaximum recorded on ICPL 88039 in second and first planting respectively. The leaf feeding beetle was recorded highest 6.29(ICPL 87) in the third planting. Amid two cultivars maximum insect-pests population was recorded on ICPL 87 when compared to ICPL 88039 except web forming insect Maruca and leaf webber due to its indeterminate genotypic character of ICPL 88039. Between the two genotypes, the sucking pests more preferred to ICPL 87 when compared ICPL 88039. Maximum jassids were recorded 12.76 and 8.38 (ICPL 87) in fourth sowing and third sowing respectively. It was observed that highest spider population recorded 2.23(ICPL 88039) in first and second sowing. Ladybird beetle Coccinella transvasalis population recorded a maximum 8.52 (ICPL 87). The leaf webber (r= 0.449**) and pod bug (r= 0.421**) showed a highly significant positive correlation with maximum temperature and H. armigera larvae population exhibited highly significant positive correlation with minimum temperature (r= 0.491**) and morning relative humidity (r= 0.528**). Solar radiation also exhibited and showed a significant positive correlation with leaf webber (r= 533**). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice is a staple crop in South Korea and globally. The era of global boiling, characterized by rising temperatures and abnormal climatic conditions, significantly impacts crop production worldwide. This study examines the effects of high temperatures and rainfall on early maturing rice varieties, focusing on enhancing heat tolerance during the ripening stage and preharvest sprouting resistance. Utilizing ‘Milyang247,’ a progeny line from ‘Nampyeong,’ we developed the intermediate line ‘MY362VP.’ During 2020–2022, regional adaptability tests were conducted at five locations across Korea. Results showed that ‘MY362VP’ had a viviparous germination rate of 1.9% compared to 19.0% in the control variety ‘Jopyeong.’ Furthermore, ‘MY362VP’ maintained a head rice rate of 90.6% under high temperature conditions, outperforming ‘Jopyeong,’ which has a rate of 62.1%. ‘MY362VP’ produced an average yield of 529 kg/10a, comparable to the control’s 518 kg/10a. This study offers valuable insights for breeding climate-resilient early-maturing rice varieties, positioning ‘MY362VP’ as a promising candidate for future cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combined static and dynamic stretching for 30 seconds is frequently used as a part of a warm-up program. However, a stretching method that can both decrease muscle-tendon unit (MTU) stiffness and increase muscle strength has not been developed. The purpose of this study was to examine the combined effects of 30 seconds of static stretching at different intensities (normal-intensity static stretching [NS] and high-intensity static [HS]) and dynamic stretching at different speeds (low-speed dynamic [LD] and high-speed dynamic stretching [HD]) on the MTU stiffness and muscle strength of the hamstrings. Thirteen healthy subjects (9 men and 4 women, 20.9 ± 0.8 years, 169.3 ± 7.2 cm, 61.1 ± 8.2 kg) performed 4 types of interventions (HS-HD, HS-LD, NS-HD, and NS-LD). Range of motion (ROM), passive torque, MTU stiffness, and muscle strength were measured before and immediately after interventions by using an isokinetic dynamometer machine. In all interventions, the ROM and passive torque significantly increased (p < 0.01). Muscle-tendon unit stiffness significantly decreased in HS-HD and HS-LD (both p < 0.01), but there was no significant change in NS-HD (p = 0.30) or NS-LD (p = 0.42). Muscle strength significantly increased after HS-HD (p = 0.02) and NS-LD (p = 0.03), but there was no significant change in HS-LD (p = 0.23) or NS-LD (p = 0.26). The results indicated that using a combination of 30 seconds of high-intensity static stretching and high-speed dynamic stretching can be beneficial for the MTU stiffness and muscle strength of the hamstrings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice cultivation in the low-lying basin-like wetlands, known as the Haor, is often affected by early flash floods during the first two weeks of April. The flooding is mainly caused by heavy rainfall and water surging downstream from the Meghalaya hills in India. This flash flood poses a significant threat to rice production, risking the country's food security. Dry winter (Boro) rice is the primary food source throughout the year in the Haor region. Flash floods are the most catastrophic, affecting about 80% or even the entire rice yield. In 2017, a loss of 0.88 million metric tons of Boro rice in Haor regions cost the nation USD 450 million. To escape flash floods, it is recommended to sow Boro rice earlier, between the last week of October and the first week of November, instead of around 15 November so rice may be harvested by the last week of March before the onset of flash floods. However, early sowing has a possibility of causing grain sterility due to cold spells when the booting and heading stages of rice inevitably coincide with the cold period between 15 January and 7 February. The minimum temperature in the Haor regions ranges from 11 to 15 °C during this time. Rice is especially susceptible to low average temperatures (<20 °C) during the reproductive stage, leading to pollen abortion and the malformation of immature microspores. Low temperatures mainly impact rice cultivation in Haor regions during the reproductive phase, resulting in the degeneration of the spikelets, partial panicle exertion, and increased spikelet sterility, leading to a decrease in grain yield. Over two million hectares of Boro rice have been damaged by extreme cold spells in recent years, resulting in partial or total yield loss. To overcome the threats of flash floods and cold injury, breeding short-duration and cold-tolerant rice varieties is crucial. We assume that an economic benefit of USD 230 million per year could be achieved through the development and adoption of short-duration and cold-tolerant high-yielding rice varieties in the Haor regions of the country. In this review article, the authors summarized the problems and outline a way forward to overcome the flash flood and cold injury of Boro rice cultivation in the Haor districts of the country. Furthermore, the authors discussed the various forms and scenarios of cold damage and the global existence of cold-tolerant rice cultivars. Based on the available data from earlier research, a potential way of mitigating flash floods and cold devastation was suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exposure to high temperature is well known to cause concrete degradation and lead to compressive strength loss. However, most research focuses on concrete exposed to high temperatures for more than 1 hour, and the available predictive equations for concrete strength loss due to heat exposure do not consider the effects of concrete thermal mass or account for variation in concrete thermal properties. This work proposes a methodology to create a predictive equation for the compressive strength loss in concrete exposed to heat. The proposed method leverages concrete temperature data from transient thermal analyses of concrete specimens correlated to results from experimental testing. The resulting equation from the analyzed data set predicted compressive strength loss with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 1.35% absolute error of the measured strength loss, and the maximum absolute underprediction in strength loss was 12.4% across all 26 cases examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with epistemological, aesthetic and communicative aspects of time. The metalanguage of the study is the system of artistic communication. Understanding time as duration, the author uses A. Bergson’s theory of duration which has become relevant in the context of post-non-classical trends in the development of science. This study is based on a phenomenological analysis of the artistic communication of the twentieth century (avant-garde painting, media art, modern music, photography), and takes into account the concepts of time of G. Deleuze, multiple temporalism of I. Wallerstein and F. Braudel, ideas of E. Husserl and M. Heidegger. The study showed that in the conditions of the information society, the duration of social interactions changes, diachrony at the communication maximum is compressed into synchrony. Art objects, in which the reception of culture is carried out, display individual and social time, and also convey qualitative transitions and temporal layers through the procedures of duration compression and stretching.

In cotton growing areas, short duration sunflower hybrids are desired. The sunflower hybrid ORISUN-675 was developed as short duration sunflower hybrid with better yield in 2016. ORISUN-675 was the outcome of hybridization between CMS line ORI-01 and a restorer line RL-72. The initial cross was attempted during 2016 at farm area of Oilseeds Research Institute, Faisalabad. Later on, this hybrid was tested at various levels like on station trial and multilocation trails for yield and stability evaluation and proved its worth against Hysun-33, NKS-278 and AGSUN-5264. The Station Yield Trial was conducted during 2017 at Oilseeds Research Institute, Faisalabad and Micro Yield Trial during 2018 at various locations in Punjab. National Uniform Sunflower Yield Trials were conducted during 2019 and 2020 at different ecological zones of Pakistan under the supervision of Pakistan Agricultural Research Council. All yield trials showed outstanding results of ORISUN-675 in terms of yield and quality against check hybrids. Mean yield of sunflower hybrids showed that ORISUN-675 had the highest average seed yield of 2636 kg/ha under various locations with the highest seed yield of 3367 kg/ha at Rajanpur district followed by the district D.I. Khan with the seed yield of 3248 kg/ha. It also showed good results against disease infestation and attack of insect pests. It has a very good oil quality with excellent ratio of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Stability studies at various locations of Pakistan also showed the worth of this hybrid. Moreover, this hybrid showed very good results at southern Punjab (Cotton zone) which makes it suitable for cotton sunflower cotton cropping scheme. On the basis of yield and stability evaluation, ORISUN-675 was recommended by the Variety Evaluation Committee (VEC) of Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC) during 2020 for general cultivation in whole Pakistan whereas it is approved by Punjab Seed Council (PSC) for general cultivation in Punjab during 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To assess evidence on the impact of acute and chronic high intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT) on work‐related performance tests of cognitive function in adults. Methods: The databases PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for relevant articles up to August 2022. Eligible studies assessed the effects of HIIT (70%–100% VO2max) and/or SIT (≥100% VO2max) on cognitive function test scores in cognitively healthy adults, relative to a control or comparative exercise group/condition. Data on participant characteristics, exercise protocol, key outcomes, and intervention setting were extracted. Study quality was assessed using a 9 (single session HIIT/SIT) and 14 (multiple session HIIT/SIT) item checklist. Results: Thirty‐six studies (15 countries; n = 11–945 participants) met inclusion criteria. Mean quality scores were "fair‐to‐good" for acute (single session; mean = 6.9 [SD 1.0]) and chronic (multiple session; mean = 9.8 [SD 1.6]) training studies. Eighteen from 36 studies (12/20 [55%] acute and 6/16 [38%] chronic training studies) evidenced significant improvements in aspects of cognitive function related to work performance (i.e., attention, inhibition, memory, information processing speed, cognitive flexibility, intelligence, reaction time, and learning). Only four studies tested the impact of HIIT/SIT on cognitive function in a work‐based setting (e.g., the office or home). Conclusions: While there is promising evidence, particularly from acute training studies, to indicate that high intensity, short duration exercise benefits cognitive function in adults, there is very limited evidence of application in workplace contexts. To better understand the potential benefits to employee performance and safety, HIIT/SIT and cognitive function research needs to transition from laboratory to "in‐situ" occupational settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui pengaruh short duration dan long duration terhadap VO2max bola basket. Jenis penelitian dipakai kuantitatif yaitu dengan pendekatan eksperimen two grup pretest-posttest. Adapun sampel pada penelitian ini klub bola basket klub Mahameru Pekanbaru berjumlah 22 orang. Prosedur penelitian ini di bagi dua kelompok dengan kelompok A (short duration) 11 orang dan kelompok B (long duration) 11 orang. Intrumen penelitian ini mengukur VO2max menggunakan tes Balke. Pengolahan teknik analisis data dalam penelitian memakai SPSS 22. Hasil analisis uji paired sampel test, nilai sig yaitu 0,008 < 0,05. Maka kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan long duration terhadap VO2max bola basket. Selanjutnya jika tidak terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan Short duration terhadap VO2max bola basket, didapatkan nilai sig yaitu 0,190 < 0,05. Rata-rata selisih peningkatan pada kelompok A yaitu 3,39 lebih kecil dibandingkan rata-rata selisih peningkatkan pada kelompok B yaitu 8,46. Maka dapat disimpulkan latihan long duration lebih baik dibandingkan dengan latihan short duration.

The rice culture, CB 12588 evolved by crossing CB 04110 x CB 05501 was released as CO 54 during the year 2021 as an alternate variety to CO 51 and ADT 43 with 105-110 days duration. CO 54 is a medium tall variety with a profuse tillering habit, long erect leaves and droopy compact panicles possessing more number of filled grains per panicle. CB 12588 recorded an overall mean grain yield of 6354 kg/ha in various yield trials which was 10.83 per cent improvement over CO 51 and 10.35 per cent over ADT 53. CO 54 has got high yielding potential due to its high agronomic and physiological efficiency and the maximum yield of 9259 was recorded in Bhavanisagar, Erode district under multi location trial. A High yield of more than 7000 kg/ha was realized in 16 locations in an adaptive research trial. Besides yield, the culture CB 12588 has got marketable grain type i.e. medium slender grains with high milling outturn and head rice recovery percentage. Desirable cooking quality parameters like good linear elongation ratio, high volume expansion, intermediate amylose, soft gel consistency and moderate gelatinization temperature along with highly productive plant traits make CO 54 a suitable alternate variety to CO 51 and ADT 53. The culture CB 12588 is moderately resistant to blast, sheath rot, sheath blight and BPH under artificial conditions. The rice culture CB 12588 was released as CO 54 with a higher yield, better pest and disease resistance and good cooking quality in comparison to the checks CO 51 and ADT 53. It is suitable for cultivation during Kar/ Kuruvai/Sornavari/ Navarai and the seasons/tracts wherever early maturing rice varieties are cultivated throughout Tamil Nadu.

Early duration drought tolerant rice culture CB 06803, a derivative of the cross PMK (R ) 3 x Norungan was released as Rice CO 53 during the year 2020 as an alternate variety for Anna(R)4, with 115 -120 days duration. It possesses desirable features like high yield, drought tolerance and better physiological efficiency. This culture with semi dwarf stature has efficient tillering capacity, long droopy panicles with a highly acceptable plant characters and is a replacement for the rice variety Anna (R) 4 due to its grain yield and pest and disease resistance. In the overall yield analysis, the culture CB06803 recorded an overall mean grain yield of 3718 kg/ha which was 12.19 per cent increase over TKM (R) 12 and 14.08 per cent over Anna (R) 4 under dry condition. Under semi dry condition, it recorded 3866 kg/ha with 18.40 per cent increase over TKM (R) 12 and 8.67 per cent over Anna (R) 4. It is moderately resistant to WBPH, leaf blast, neck blast, sheath rot, brown spot and RTD under artificial condition. It has white short bold rice with high milling percentage (69.6), head rice recovery (59.6%) and suitable for idly making. The culture, CB 06803 had better agronomic efficiency than TKM (R)12 and Anna (R) 4 by recording more number of productive tillers per plant and grain yield under control and drought. The culture CB 06803 had better physiological efficiency under drought than TKM (R) 12 and Anna (R) 4 having higher RWC, total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll stability index, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and photo chemical efficiency. The culture had higher proline content than TKM (R) 12 and was on par with Anna (R) 4. It had higher catalase activity than Anna (R) 4. CB 06803 had better physiological efficiency under drought by showing partial closure of stomata as that of Sahbagidhan. CO 53 with higher grain yield under drought, disease resistance and short bold grains and suitable for cultivation in drought prone districts of Tamil Nadu as direct seeded rainfed or semi dry rice ecosystem.

A high yielding and early maturing kodo millet variety CKMV 1 was developed at the Centre of Excellence in Millets, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Athiyandal by pure line selection from DPS 63/58. It recorded an average grain yield of 2813 kg/ha and 6967 kg/ha of straw under rainfed conditions in all India trials, which was 14, 28, 34 and 16 per cent higher over the check varieties RK 390-25 (2465kg/ha), RBK-155 (2196kg/ha), GPUK-3 (2103kg/ha) and TNAU 86 (2420kg/ha), respectively. All India Coordinated trials were conducted in three years during kharif, 2017 to kharif, 2019. This variety has registered 18 and 16 per cent increased grain yield over the qualifying varieties KMV 546 and KMV 547, respectively in All India Coordinated trials. This variety has registered 22, 27, 23 and 10 per cent increased straw yield over the check varieties RK 390-25, RBK-155, GPUK3 and TNAU 86, respectively in All India Coordinated trials. This variety has registered 7 and 8 per cent increased fodder yield over the qualifying varieties KMV 546 and KMV 547, respectively in All India Coordinated trials. Being an early duration variety with 106-110 days of maturity, it is the best choice for rainfed sowing. It is a profusely tillering and non-lodging variety and is highly suitable for rainfed cultivation in India. The panicle is long, compact and grains are arranged in irregular rows. The grains are bold and dark brown in colour and nutritionally superior with high protein (8.5%) and Iron (3.8 mg/100g) of rice. The introduction of this high yielding, short duration and drought tolerant culture with nutritionally rich grains will fulfil the needs of the dry land, hill area and tribal farming tracts of India, where Kodomillet is grown predominantly under the rainfed situation.

Venetoclax (VEN) is now widely used in the treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in elderly patients who are not eligible for intensive remission induction therapy. Prolonged myelosuppression, increased incidence of infection, and long duration of hospital stay were major concerns for VEN treatment cases, and we thought that shortening the duration of VEN administration during induction therapy might solve these problems. Thirteen newly diagnosed AML patients who underwent VEN+azacitidine (AZA) induction therapy from March 2021 to June 2022 at Kushiro Rosai Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. The median age was 79 (range, 68–86) years, and 8 of the patients (61.5%) were classified as high risk according to the ELN 2017 risk stratification. Eight patients received VEN for 14 days (VEN14 group), and 5 patients received VEN for 28 days (VEN28 group). The composite complete remission (CRc) rate was 76.9% in total, and the CRc rates in the VEN14 and VEN28 groups were almost the same (75.0% and 80.0%, respectively). The median overall survival (OS) was not reached in the VEN14 group and was 254 days in the VEN28 group. The median event-free survival (EFS) was not reached in the VEN14 group and was 178 days in the VEN28 group. The VEN14 group might have a possibility to reduce febrile neutropenia (37.5% vs. 80%) and reduce the duration of hospital stay (median, 21.5 vs. 31 days) compared with the VEN28 group. VEN14 produced the same CRc rate and survival rate, safer profile, and shorter duration of hospital stay than VEN28. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Prewarming with a forced-air warmer device at least 30 minutes before entering the operating room (OR) helps to prevent inadvertent perioperative hypothermia (IPH), although doing so on a regular schedule may be difficult. Prewarming for a short time may reduce IPH and is more practical. Objective: To investigate the incidence of hypothermia in non-anesthetized volunteers who used a forced-air warmer device for 10 minutes before entering the OR. Materials and Methods: The present study was a prospective, randomized-controlled trial that included 32 non-anesthetized volunteers. Sixteen volunteers were randomly assigned to receive prewarming using a forced-air warmer set at 38℃ for 10 minutes as the PW group and 16 other volunteers did not receive prewarming as the NW group, before entering a 20℃ OR for an hour. The primary outcome was the incidence of hypothermia in the OR. The secondary outcomes were a change in body temperature in the OR, thermal comfort, the requirement for an additional forced-air warmer device, and complications such as skin rash and burn. Results: The incidence of hypothermia in the OR was 25% in the PW group and 18.75% in the NW group, with no statistically significant differences (p>0.999). There were no significant differences in body temperature between groups. In the waiting room, about 50% of the PW group and none of the NW group reported feeling hot discomfort (p=0.002). However, there were no significant differences in thermal comfort when entering the OR and PACU. No participant asked for an additional forced-air warmer device, and there were no observable device-related complications. Conclusion: A short-term use of active prewarming cannot reduce the incidence of hypothermia in non-anesthetized volunteers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we present the long‐term daily and subdaily station data of annual extreme rainfall (1970–2015) and the trend analyses in rainfall regimes in Turkey. Trends in 5, 10, 15, and 30 min, 1, 2, 6, 12, and 24 hr of extreme rainfall in seven different rainfall regimes are estimated through nonparametric tests. The trends in return levels (2, 20, and 100 years) are defined by an appropriate three‐parameter generalized extreme value distribution and are evaluated in the climatological context of rainfall regimes. Overall, from 5‐min to 2‐hr durations, magnitudes of trends in extreme rainfall constantly increase in all rainfall regimes, which may be attributed to the intensified contribution of convective rainfall as a response to warming. Trend analysis of return levels reveals that, compared with 2‐year return levels, low‐probability high‐impact extreme rainfall events generally have the lowest estimated median trends until 30‐min to 2‐hr range. A shift in the magnitudes of trends occurs generally at 30‐min and 1‐hr durations; trends of rare intense events increase at the expense of less intense extreme rainfall. Thus, the intensification of 1–2‐hr extreme rainfall events can arise from both the increasing trends of more common events in shorter rainfall durations and from the increase in the trends of low‐probability high‐impact extreme rainfall events at this range. Moreover, explicitly in continental rainfall regimes, increases in the magnitudes of the trends in 30‐min to 2‐hr duration range are accompanied by various declines in 6–24‐hr duration range. Although coastal regimes generally have increasing trend values from 5‐min to 24‐hr durations, in northern and southern clusters, changes occur in the variability of extreme rainfall and the trend values of rarer (20‐ and 100‐year return periods) extreme rainfall exhibit increases in 6–12‐hr range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dynamic stretching for more than 90 seconds is useful for improving muscle strength, although dynamic stretching for 30 seconds or less is commonly used in sports settings. The effects of dynamic stretching are influenced by the speed and amplitude of stretching, but no study examined these factors for 30 seconds of dynamic stretching. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of speed (fast- or slow-speed) and amplitude (normal- or wide amplitude) of dynamic stretching for 30 seconds on the strength (peak torque during maximum isokinetic concentric contraction) and flexibility (range of motion, passive torque at maximum knee extension angle, and muscle-tendon unit stiffness) of the hamstrings. The passive torque and muscle-tendon unit stiffness reflect stretching tolerance and viscoelastic properties of the hamstrings, respectively. Fifteen healthy participants performed 4 types of 30 seconds of dynamic stretching. The muscle strength and flexibility were measured before and immediately after the dynamic stretching. The range of motion did not change after dynamic stretching at low speed and normal amplitude (p = 0.12, d = 0.59, 103.3%), but it was increased by other interventions (p < 0.01, d = 0.90 - 1.25, 104.5 - 110.1%). In all interventions, the passive torque increased (main effect for time, p < 0.01, d = 0.51 - 0.74, 111.0 - 126.9%), and muscle-tendon unit stiffness did not change. The muscle strength increased only after dynamic stretching at fast speed with normal amplitude (p < 0.01, d = 0.79, 107.1%). The results of the present study indicated that 30 seconds of dynamic stretching at fast speed and with normal amplitude can be beneficial for the measured parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The changing nature of the Earth's climate and rapid urbanization lead to the change of rainfall characteristics in urban areas, the stability of rainfall series is destroyed and it is a difficult challenge to consider this change in urban drainage simulation. A generalized additive model (GAMLSS) with time as covariant was established to calculate and predict the design values of extreme rainstorm return period, and the nonstationary short-duration rainstorm intensity formula of three periods was fitted and compared with the stationary formula. The urban water simulation model and the MIKE 21 two-dimensional surface flow model are coupled to simulate the urban flood under different formulas and different return periods. The results show that the nonstationary results are worse in the same period. In the 5-year return period rainfall–runoff simulation performance, the nonstationary inundation area is 18.5% more than the stationary, and inundation water is 23.5% more than the stationary. The nonstationary simulation results show higher inundation depth and slower flood recession process. These gaps will widen in the future, but they will become less significant as the return period increases. It can provide a reference for the study of flood control work and the design of existing drainage infrastructure in the region. HIGHLIGHTS Providing technical support for local urban planning considering nonstationarity.; The GAMLSS method is applied to short-duration extreme rainstorm.; The effects of nonstationarity are evaluated in detail by coupling the urban water management model and the MIKE 21 surface flow model.;

Antidepressants are among the most prescribed drugs in the US, but the current treatment patterns and modalities among older adults are unclear. This study assessed the patterns of discontinuation of antidepressants and the risk of medication resumption among community-dwelling older adults with depression. Using Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS) data from 2015-2019, we identified 1084 beneficiaries with depression who newly initiated serotonergic antidepressants. The risk of medication resumption was explored using survival analysis. The median duration of continuous medication was 90 days. However, about 30% of patients had a treatment duration of 30 days or shorter, 26% for 31-90 days, 15% for 91-180 days, and 30% for 181 days or more. After adjusting for all covariates, patients with less than 30 days of continuous medication were half as likely to resume the medications compared to those with 91-180 days (HR: 0.49 (95% CI: 0.37, 0.65)). Nearly one-third of older adults used an antidepressant medication for a short duration with a lower risk of medication resumption. A shorter treatment duration without resumption might suggest over-prescription of antidepressants among community-dwelling older adults.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) affects around 33 million people worldwide, rendering it a common cardiac arrhythmia. Catheter ablation (CA) has evolved as a leading therapeutic intervention for symptomatic AF. This umbrella review systematically evaluates existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses to assess the safety, efficacy, and potential of high-power, short-duration (HPSD) ablation as an alternative therapy option for AF. A thorough exploration was undertaken across PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase to identify pertinent studies for inclusion in this umbrella review. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) method was employed to assess the overall certainty of the evidence comprehensively, and the quality of the incorporated reviews was meticulously evaluated through use of the AMSTAR 2 tool, the Cochrane Collaboration tool, and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. In this study, we initially identified 35 systematic reviews and meta-analyses, narrowing them down to a final selection of 11 studies, which collectively integrated data from 6 randomized controlled trials and 26 observational studies. For primary efficacy outcomes, the HPSD approach led to a non-significant decrease in the risk of atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence (risk ratio [RR], 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.70-1.12; I 2 = 90%; P = .31) and a significantly reduced risk of AF recurrence (RR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.42-0.67; I 2 = 0%; P < .00001) compared to the low-power, long-duration (LPLD) approach. In terms of primary safety outcomes, the HPSD approach significantly reduced the risk of esophageal thermal injury (ETI) (RR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.61-0.83; I 2 = 0%; P < .00001) and facilitated a non-significant decrease in the risk of other major complications (RR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.73-1.03; I 2 = 0%; P = .10). In conclusion, HPSD therapy is safer and more effective than LPLD therapy, facilitating decreased AF recurrence rates along with reductions in ETI, total procedure duration, ablation number, ablation time, fluoroscopy time, and acute pulmonary vein reconnection., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest for the published content. No funding information was provided., (Copyright: © 2024 Innovations in Cardiac Rhythm Management.)

We propose a new scheme to generate a neutron source with a short duration, and the scheme is validated in two-dimensional radiation hydrodynamic simulations. When a laser beam irradiates a deuterated polystyrene cone with a half-opening angle of 60°, high energy density plasma jets are produced due to the converging effect. As two laser-driven counter-propagating jets collide in a head-on configuration, the kinetic energy converts into internal energy efficiently, inducing a significant increase in density and temperature. Then, deuteron–deuteron thermonuclear reactions are triggered, and plenty of neutrons are released. The simulation results show that the total neutron yield is as high as 6.6×108 with a duration of 103 ps, providing a new way to achieve ultrafast diagnosis with high resolution in experiments.

Background: Clinical practices regarding duration of antibiotics used for Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) in children vary between settings. This could contribute to adverse drug reactions, treatment failure and antimicrobial resistance. Methods: The following search tools were used for the review: PubMed, TRIP, and Medline/Ovid. Keywords included were "pneumonia", "pediatric", "treatment", "duration", "child", "days", "community acquired pneumonia", "short", "non-severe", "amoxicillin dose", and "pneumonia children" and the selection of articles was limited to the last 10 years from 2011 to 2021. Results: We found 15 studies that assessed short (3 or 5 days) versus longer (7 or 10 days) duration of antibiotic treatment in pediatric outpatient CAP. Of these we selected 8 studies: 5 completed Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), 2 ongoing RCTs, and 1 retrospective cohort study. Discussion: Our review shows that short-course antimicrobial therapy for outpatient pediatric CAP is a promising option for maximizing efficacy, while also minimizing adverse effects, non-adherence, and antimicrobial resistance. Half of RCTs showed that a short-course treatment with oral amoxicillin, the antibiotic of reference, had a comparable efficacy to longer course treatment. However, in these studies bacterial CAP was not easily established, and there was considerable variability in the diagnosis and interpretation of radiological findings. Conclusion: The results from the studies included in this narrative review are informative and add to our understanding of outpatient pediatric CAP. They highlight the importance of maintaining an effective balance, where a clinician can aim to minimize antimicrobial overuse and risk of resistance while maximizing efficacy. Although these studies look promising, future research is required in pediatric patients with CAP, and these studies must be capable of addressing the limitations listed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production and cropping pattern is highly influenced by the climatic factors including temperature and rain pattern fluctuations. It is one of the most important cash crop in the rain fed areas of Pakistan and its production, under changing climatic conditions, that can be improved by developing short duration varieties. The present study was based on the molecular characterization of the maturity associated gene families in the peanut under two light conditions. Methods and results: Genomic analysis based on the in silico study of important gene families for early maturity associated attributes like flowering time, their pattern, duration and photoperiodism was done for a comprehensive mapping of maturity related genes. Phytochromes genes Phy A, Phy B and Phy E and flowering genes FT2a, Ft5a and COL2 were selected for in silico characterization for protein based analysis including Multiple Sequence Alignment (MSA), and Neighbor Joining (NJ) tree. MSA and NJ trees of the peanut with Arabidopsis thaliana and Glycine max showed a clear picture of the phylogenetic relationship on the basis of selected gene proteins. Expression profile of phytochrome and flowering genes revealed that photoperiod conditions i.e. short and long days, have great influence on the Phy A, Phy B and Phy E, Ft2a, FT5a and COL2 gene expression pattern. In current study, the relative expression of all studied genes was found higher in short day light condition at flower initiation stage of the plants than in the long light day condition with exception of COL2 gene protein. Conclusions: The molecular characterization based on the in silico study of the particular genes and qPCR based gene expression profiling of the selected genes provided an evidence of the role of these genes and their comparative analysis under two photoperiodic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The culture NLR 3354 is a cross derivative of NLR 34242 x NLR 34303 which was released during 2019 by SVRC, Andhra Pradesh with 120-125 days duration, high yielding ability and better adaptability. This culture with semi dwarf stature has efficient tillering capacity, medium droopy panicles with highly acceptable plant characters and is a good replacement for the rice variety NLR 34449 due to its high grain yield and pest and disease tolerance ability. It possess tolerance to leaf and neck blast. It recorded an average yield of 6410 kg/ha over the check of 5799 kg/ha in different trials conducted for a period of 9 years. It produces good quality cooked rice besides high milling and head rice recovery. It produces medium slender white rice with intermediate amylose, soft gel consistency and moderate gelatinization temperature. It produces good quality cooked rice besides high milling and head rice recovery.

IntroductionPulmonary vein isolation is the cornerstone of rhythm-control therapy for atrial fibrillation (AF). The very high-power, short-duration (vHPSD) radiofrequency (RF) ablation is a novel technology that favors resistive heating while decreasing the role of conductive heating. Our study aimed to evaluate the correlations between contact force (CF), power, impedance drop (ID), and temperature; and to assess their role in lesion formation with the vHPSD technique.MethodsConsecutive patients who underwent initial point-by-point RF catheter ablation for AF were enrolled in the study. The vHPSD ablation was performed applying 90 W for 4 s with an 8 ml/min irrigation rate.ResultsData from 85 patients [median age 65 (59–71) years, 34% female] were collected. The median procedure time, left atrial dwelling time, and fluoroscopy time were 70 (60–90) min, 49 (42–58) min, and 7 (5–11) min, respectively. The median RF time was 312 (237-365) sec. No steam pop nor major complications occurred. A total of 6,551 vHPSD RF points were analyzed. The median of CF, maximum temperature, and ID were 14 (10–21) g, 47.6 (45.1–50.4) °C, and 8 (6–10) Ohms, respectively. CF correlated significantly with the maximum temperature (p < 0.0001). A CF of 5 g and above was associated with a significantly higher temperature compared to those lesions with a CF below 5 grams (p < 0.0001). Bilateral first-pass isolation rate was 84%. The 6-month AF-recurrence rate was 7%.ConclusionThe maximum temperature and CF significantly correlate with each other during vHPSD applications. A CF ≥ 5 g leads to better tissue heating and thus might be more likely to result in good lesion formation, although this clinical study was unable to assess actual lesion sizes.

Background: Data regarding the use of high‐power short‐duration (HPSD) radiofrequency (RF) in combination with half‐normal saline irrigation for catheter irrigation are limited. Objectives: This study investigated the safety and efficacy of using HPSD RF ablation in combination with half‐normal saline irrigation for the treatment of AF. Methods: One hundred consecutive patients with AF underwent RF ablation using HPSD combined with half‐normal saline for catheter irrigation. In addition, the following ablation strategies were used: 1 mm tags for the display of ablation lesions on the mapping system, high‐frequency jet ventilation (HFJV), low contact force, pacing after ablation to verify areas of noncapture, atrial/ventricular pacing at 500 to 700 ms to aid in catheter stability, use of two skin electrodes to reduce impedance, and postablation adenosine infusion. Power was started at 40 to 45 W and was modulated manually based on impedance changes. Results: The average age of patients was 65.2 years and 70% were male. Forty seven percent had paroxysmal AF and the average CHA2DS2‐VASc score was 2.1 ± 1.6. The average power and lesion duration were 38.1 ± 3.3 W and 8.1 ± 2.3 s, respectively. During a median follow‐up period of 321 ± 139 days, 89% of the patients remained free from any atrial arrhythmias after a single RF ablation procedure. No procedure‐related death, stroke, pericardial effusion, or atrioesophageal fistula occurred during follow‐up. Conclusions: Catheter ablation using HPSD RF lesions in combination with half‐normal saline irrigation and is safe and effective, and results in high rate of freedom from AF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shortened duration therapy for acute and recent HCV infection has been shown to be highly effective in several small non-randomised studies with direct-acting antiviral regimens; however, large randomised studies are lacking. REACT was an NIH-funded multicentre international, open-label, randomised, phase IV non-inferiority trial examining the efficacy of short course (6-week) vs. standard course (12-week) therapy with sofosbuvir-velpatasvir for recent HCV infection (estimated duration of infection ≤12 months). Randomisation occurred at week 6. The primary endpoint was sustained virological response 12 weeks after treatment end (SVR12) in the intention-to treat (ITT) population. A total of 250 participants were due to be enrolled, but on advice of the data safety and monitoring board the study was halted early. The primary analysis population consisted of 188 randomised participants at termination of study enrolment; short arm (n = 93), standard arm (n = 95). Ninety-seven percent were male and 69% HIV positive. ITT SVR12 was 76/93, 81.7% (95% CI 72.4–89.0) in the short arm and 86/95, 90.5% (95% CI 82.7–95.6) in the standard arm. The difference between the arms was -8.8 (95% CI -18.6 to 1.0). In modified ITT analysis, wherein non-virological reasons for failure were excluded (death, reinfection, loss to follow-up), SVR12 was 76/85, 89.4% (95% CI 80.8–95.0) in the short arm and 86/88, 97.7% in the standard arm (95% CI 92.0–99.7; difference -8.3%, p = 0.025). In this randomised study in recent HCV infection, a 6-week course of sofosbuvir-velpatasvir did not meet the criteria for non-inferiority to standard 12-week therapy. In this randomised trial, 188 people with recently acquired hepatitis C infection were randomly assigned to treatment using either a short 6-week course (93 people) or standard 12-week course (95 people) of the hepatitis C treatment sofosbuvir/velpatasvir. There were 9 cases of relapse after treatment with the short course and 2 following the standard course. A shortened course of 6-week therapy for hepatitis C infection appeared to be less effective than a standard 12-week course in people with recently acquired hepatitis C infection. NCT02625909. [Display omitted] • REACT is a randomised study of short course DAA therapy for recently acquired HCV. • 188 participants were treated with either 6 or 12 weeks sofosbuvir/velapatasvir. • The study population was predominantly cis-male and included a high proportion living with HIV. • The study was stopped early due to the high rate of virological relapse in the short course arm. • Six weeks of sofosbuvir/velapatasvir cannot be considered non-inferior to 12 weeks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A previous study reported that 3-min of high-intensity static stretching at an intensity of 120% of range of motion (ROM) did not change the muscle stiffness of the rectus femoris, because of the overly high stress of the stretching. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of high-intensity static stretching of a shorter duration or lower intensity on the flexibility of the rectus femoris than that of the previous study. Two experiments were conducted (Experiment 1 and 2). In Experiment 1, eleven healthy men underwent static stretching at the intensity of 120% of ROM for two different durations (1 and 3 min). In Experiment 2, fifteen healthy men underwent 3-min of static stretching at the intensity of 110% of ROM. The shear elastic modulus of the quadriceps were measured. In Experiment 1, ROM increased in both interventions (p < 0.01), but the shear elastic modulus of the rectus femoris was not changed. In Experiment 2, ROM significantly increased (p < 0.01), and the shear elastic modulus of the rectus femoris significantly decreased (p < 0.05). It was suggested that the stretching intensity (110%) is more important than stretching duration to decrease the muscle stiffness of the rectus femoris.

A previous study reported that 3-min of high-intensity static stretching at an intensity of 120% of range of motion (ROM) did not change the muscle stiffness of the rectus femoris, because of the overly high stress of the stretching. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of high-intensity static stretching of a shorter duration or lower intensity on the flexibility of the rectus femoris than that of the previous study. Two experiments were conducted (Experiment 1 and 2). In Experiment 1, eleven healthy men underwent static stretching at the intensity of 120% of ROM for two different durations (1 and 3 min). In Experiment 2, fifteen healthy men underwent 3-min of static stretching at the intensity of 110% of ROM. The shear elastic modulus of the quadriceps were measured. In Experiment 1, ROM increased in both interventions (p < 0.01), but the shear elastic modulus of the rectus femoris was not changed. In Experiment 2, ROM significantly increased (p < 0.01), and the shear elastic modulus of the rectus femoris significantly decreased (p < 0.05). It was suggested that the stretching intensity (110%) is more important than stretching duration to decrease the muscle stiffness of the rectus femoris. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The optimal ablation strategy is unknown regarding a superior vena cava isolation (SVCI). This study aimed to examine the feasibility and safety and to analyze the lesion characteristics of the SVCI using high‐power, short‐duration (HPSD) ablation. Methods and Results: A total of 100 patients underwent an index SVCI using HPSD (n = 50, HPSD group) or conventional lower‐power and longer‐duration (n = 50, LPLD group) ablation, using the Thermocool Smarttouch SF. In the HPSD group, ablation was performed with a power of 50 W for 7 s, and was limited to 4 s at the lateral segment close to the right phrenic nerve. The ablation setting used in the LPLD group was 20–25 W for 20–30 s and was limited to 10–20 W for 15–30 s at the lateral segment when diaphragmatic capture was seen. An electrical SVCI was achieved in all patients. The HPSD group required a significantly shorter procedure time (10.8 ± 3.2 vs. 14.8 ± 6.4 min; p <.01), shorter radiofrequency duration (49 ± 16 vs. 282 ± 124 s; p <.01), fewer lesions (8.3 ± 2.5 vs. 10.4 ± 4.4; p <.01), and lower ablation index (316 ± 38 vs. 356 ± 62; p <.001) than the LPLD group. The incidence of a postprocedural asymptomatic mild diaphragmatic elevation was comparable (2% in the HPSD group vs. 6% in the LPLD group; p =.61). Conclusion: The 50‐W HPSD ablation strategy allowed for a successful, fast, and safe SVCI with the fewer ablation lesions and the lower ablation index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) presents with a wide variety of signs/symptoms, making early initial diagnosis difficult. We investigated the clinical and neuropathological features of five patients with autopsy‐proven PSP of short duration, ranging from 11 to 41 months (average, 26.2 months) due to unexpected death, focusing particularly on the distribution and severity of neuronal loss as well as neuronal and glial tau pathology in the affected brain. Clinical features were studied retrospectively through careful review of the medical records, and neuropathological examinations were carried out, along with tau immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody AT8. These patients were diagnosed as having probable PSP (n = 4) and suggestive PSP (n = 1), respectively. In all cases, neuronal loss was evident in the substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus, globus pallidus, and locus ceruleus. AT8‐identified tau lesions, that is, pretangles/neurofibrillary tangles (PTs/NFTs), tufted astrocytes (TAs), and coiled bodies/neuropil threads (CBs/NTs), were distributed widely in the brain regions, especially in patients with longer disease duration. All cases showed variation in the regional tau burden among PTs/NFTs, TAs, and CBs/NTs. There was also a tendency for tau deposition to be more predominant in neuronal cells in the brainstem and cerebellum and in glial cells in the cerebral cortex and subcortical gray matter. These findings suggest that in PSP, the initial signs/symptoms are associated with degeneration and subsequent death of neurons with pathological tau deposition, and that the tau deposition in neuronal cells is independent of that in glial cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early duration rice culture CB 06 535, a derivative of the cross ADT 43 / RR 272 -1745 was released as TNAU Rice CO 51 during the year 2013 as an alternate variety to ADT 43 with 105 -110 days duration with additional desirable features like high yield, physiological efficiency and better adaptability. This culture with semi dwarf stature has efficient tillering capacity, long droopy panicles with highly acceptable plant characters and is a good replacement for the rice variety ADT 43 due to its high grain yield and pest and disease resistance. In the overall performance, the culture, CB 06 535 recorded a mean productivity of 6623 kg/ha in seven years of trials with 10.72 per cent increase over ADT 43. At Nallampalli, Dharmapuri district, the culture has recorded the highest yield of 11,377 kg/ha among the trials conducted, demonstrating the highest yield potential of this variety. The culture CB 06 535 is moderately resistant to blast, BPH and GLH under artificial condition. It produces medium slender white rice with intermediate amylose, soft gel consistency and moderate gelatinization temperature. It produces good quality cooked rice besides high milling and head rice recovery. CB 06 535 with higher yield, better pest and disease resistance and good cooking quality in comparison to the check ADT 43 is suitable for cultivation during Kar/ Kuruvai /Sornavari /Navarai and the seasons / tracts wherever early maturing rice varieties are cultivated throughout Tamil Nadu.

Background Pediatric febrile illnesses are a major cause of hospital admissions and are often associated with significant morbidity and mortality. These illnesses pose a diagnostic challenge to both clinicians and laboratories. This study aims to explore the clinical characteristics of acute febrile illness in children and examine the effectiveness of various diagnostic techniques. Methods This prospective study was carried out at the Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Warangal, India, from January 2020 to October 2022. It included children aged one month to 12 years. Results Out of 245 identified cases, 195 met the inclusion criteria. This study found that 18 patients (9.23%) suffered from serious bacterial infections (SBIs). In 63 patients (32.20%), the source of infection remained unidentified. Among those with SBI, UTIs were the most frequent. Bacteremia was identified in 2.5% of the patients. Conclusion SBIs were identified in 18 hospitalized children (9.23%), with UTIs being the most common SBI in children aged one to 36 months. Children in this age group presenting with toxic symptoms should be thoroughly evaluated for SBIs. The study also observed a higher prevalence of Gram-negative bacteremia compared to Gram-positive cases., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2024, Darishetty et al.)

Classical approaches are used to develop rainfall intensity duration frequency curves for the estimation of design rainfall intensities corresponding to various return periods. The study modelled extreme rainfall intensities at different durations and compared the classical Gumbel and generalized extreme value (GEV) distributions in semi-arid urban region. The model and parameter uncertainties are translated to uncertainties in design storm estimates. A broader insight emerges that rainfall extremes in 1 h and 3 h are sensitive to the choice of frequency analysis (GEV in this case) and helps address anticipated intensification of extreme events for short duration at urban local scale. In comparison with Gumbel, GEV predicts higher extreme rainfall intensity corresponding to various return periods and duration (for 1-h duration the increase in extreme rainfall intensity is from 27 to 33% for return periods 10 years and higher, 3-h and 50-year return period—20%, 3-h and 100-year return period—20.6%, 24 h at similar return periods—10%). The Bayesian posterior distribution has a calibration effect on the GEV predictions and reduces the upper range of uncertainty in the GEV probability model prediction from a range of 16–31% to 10–28.4% for return period varying from 10 to 50 year for 1-h storms. In geographically similar areas these extreme intensities may be used to prepare for the rising flash flood risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Egeria densa plants were exposed to a low concentration of (OD730 = 0.04) Microcystis aeruginosa for seven days, under different photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) intensities (0, 50, 100, 200, and 300 µmol m−2 s−1). Experiments were conducted under controlled conditions inside incubators. The H2O2 content, antioxidant responses, pigmentation, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured. The biochemical parameters of E. densa varied with PAR intensity; under the 50 and 100 µmol m−2 s−1 PAR intensities, E. densa performed relatively better than under other intensities. When exposed to M. aeruginosa, the levels of the measured biochemical parameters reduced in E. densa. Under unfavourable light conditions, the optical density of M. aeruginosa was also reduced when E. densa was also present. Even at low concentrations, the presence of M. aeruginosa in the water can have a negative effect on E. densa pigmentation and physiological parameters, though E. densa also has negative effects on M. aeruginosa growth. Further studies are recommended to evaluate the responses of E. densa after prolonged exposure to M. aeruginosa and the effects of E. densa on M. aeruginosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Data on intensity–duration–frequency or design rainfall are one of the most important information required for various hydrological and water resources studies. However, such crucial data are often unavailable in various parts of the world due to lack of enough rain gauging stations. It is not only tedious to determine design rainfall from the raw data but also occasionally impossible to calculate due to lack or absence of short-duration rainfall data. Generally, the manual rain gauges outnumber the automatic gauges, making it difficult to have adequate data on short-duration rainfall values, which is very important for urban hydrology. However, no graphical or mathematical relation could be found in the literature, which can be used for quick estimation of short-duration design rainfall from the daily rainfall data recorded by the manual stations. Annual maximum rainfall data from 143 rain gauging stations located at Klang Valley in Malaysia were used in this study. Statistical analyses and logarithmic graph fitting techniques were used to develop excellent correlation between short-duration rainfall and daily rainfall values for 96 automatic and 46 manual stations. Rainfall data analyze the design rainfall data of various duration and return periods. The 15, 30 and 45 min of short-duration rainfall, which is the most common rainfall duration in the study area, was observed to be 32.4%, 47.1% and 57.4% of the daily rainfall amount, respectively. The amount of rainfall during 1-, 2- and 3-h storm events contribute 64.9%, 76.5% and 80.9% of the daily rainfall. Such relations can be used for quick estimation of short-duration rainfall resulting in saving time, money and other resources.