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The governance of the nomenclature of algae, fungi, and plants as prescribed by the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants is presently undemocratic in six ways: (1) the selection of the officers of nomenclature and the committee members; (2) restricted attendance to the Nomenclature Section because of the expense of attending; (3) attendees at the Nomenclature Section may carry up to 14 institutional votes and institutions have from 1 to 7 institutional votes; (4) the preliminary guiding vote carries little weight; (5) the General Committee can overturn decisions of the Specialist Committees; and (6) decisions of the General Committee can be approved in the Nomenclature Section by a minority (40% plus 1 vote). There is an opportunity to make nomenclature governance more democratic at the Nomenclature Section at Madrid by allowing virtual attendance, giving one and only one institutional vote to each institution, and changing approval of the decisions of the General Committee to a simple majority of 50%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The typification of the Linnaean name Crepis vesicaria (Compositae: Cichorieae) is revised. This name had previously been "lectotypified" by Babcock in 1947 on a specimen kept in LINN (Herb. Linnaeus No. 955.3). However, Linnaeus cited in the protologue a specimen from the Joachim Burser Herbarium, currently preserved at UPS‐BURSER (Herb. Burser VI: 70). According to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Art. 9.12 of the Shenzhen Code of 2018), this is a syntype which must be chosen as the lectotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The name Rosa davurica var. alpestris (Nakai) Kitag. was published in 1979 as a new combination based on R. rubro-stipullata var. alpestris Nakai. It is generally accepted as a deciduous shrub occurring in Russia, Manchuria, Japan, and the northern part of the Korean Peninsula and is distinguished by the presence of eglandular leaves. Rosa rubro-stipullata var. alpestris was originally described as a new variety with a leaf size relatively smaller than that of R. rubro-stipullata var. rubro-stipullata. However, the observation of various specimens showed the leaf size of var. alpestris to be of minor importance, and it was included in var. rubro-stipullata as a synonym. Due to the priority of autonyms, a new combination is required to replace R. davurica var. alpestris. Additionally, it should be noted that the epithet “rubro-stipullata” is derived from the Latin word “stipula” rather than “stipulla.” Therefore, for this variety, we propose a new combination, R. davurica var. rubro-stipulata (Nakai) D. C. Son & Y. S. Kim, comb. nov. & stat. nov. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1958, Chun and Kuang described Cathaya Chun & Kuang as a new genus of Pinaceae. They included one fossil species, C. loehri (Engelh. & Kink.) Chun & Kuang and two extant species, C. argyrophylla Chun & Kuang and C. nanchuanensis Chun & Kuang. Under Art. 40.1 of the Shenzhen Code, they did not validly publish Cathaya because they did not designate a type species for the generic name. Four years later (Chun and Kuang 1962), they again published on Cathaya (in Chinese) where they cited the 1958 publication and included one species C. argyrophylla (with C. nanchuanensis in synonymy) under Cathaya. According to Art. 40.3, they validated both the generic name Cathaya and C. argyrophylla in 1962. Further examination of the type collection and botanical history of the discovery of C. argyrophylla revealed that the type collection Guang-Fu-Lin-Qu Exped. 00198 consists of 11 duplicates in the South China Institute of Botany (IBSC) and 9 duplicates in other herbaria (GAC, IBK, PE, SZ) and that the intended type specimen (IBSC0000004) consists of two gatherings: the bark, reproductive shoot and seed cones collected in 1955, whereas pollen-bearing cones were collected in 1956. We thus lectotypify the name C. argyrophylla with the specimen Guang-Fu-Lin-Qu Exped. 00198 (IBSC0000004 excl. pollen-bearing cones). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The type of Cycas debaoensis Y.C.Zhong & C.J.Chen (Y.C.Zhong 8762) consists of nine duplicates in PE. Our new investigation of the type collection suggests that the type includes at least two different gatherings which should be considered as syntypes. For nomenclatural purposes, we lectotypify the name Cycas debaoensis with the herbarium sheet PE00047578 and consider other duplicates in PE and GXMI as isolectotypes. The seeds in the capsule (Y.C.Zhong s.n. collected in Oct 1998) are considered as a syntype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Effective communication of taxonomic concepts is crucial to meaningful application in all biological sciences, and thus the development and following of best practices in taxonomy and the formulation of clear and practical rules of nomenclature underpin a wide range of scientific studies. The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants (the Code), currently the Shenzhen Code of 2018, provides these rules. Although early versions of the Code were designed mainly with extant plants in mind, the Code has been increasingly used for fossil plants and, in recent decades, for organic-walled microfossils, the study of which is called palaeopalynology, or simply palynology. However, rules embodied in the Code do not fully reflect the needs and practices of this discipline; and taxonomic practices between fossil applications, especially in palynology, have tended to diverge from practices for extant plants. Differences in these rules and practices present specific challenges. We therefore review the Shenzhen Code as it applies to palynology, clarifying procedures and recommending approaches based on best practices, for example, in the designation and use of nomenclatural types. The application of nomenclatural types leads to taxonomic stability and precise communication, and lost or degraded types are therefore problematic because they remove the basis for understanding a taxon. Such problems are addressed using examples from the older European literature in which type specimens are missing or degraded. A review of the three most important conventions for presenting palynological taxonomic information, synonymies, diagnoses/descriptions and illustrations, concludes with recommendations of best practices. Palynology continues to play an important role in biostratigraphy, palaeoenvironmental analyses, and evolutionary studies, and is contributing increasingly to our understanding of past climates and ocean systems. To contribute with full potential to such applied studies, consistent communication of taxonomic concepts, founded upon clear rules of nomenclature, is essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The type collection of Abies fanjingshanensis W.L.Huang et al. contains four specimens in the Herbarium (GNUG). Abies fanjingshanensis is lectotypified here with L.Yang 83-427 (GNUG0002022) under Art. 9.12 of the Shenzhen Code. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A revised version of Chapter F of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants is presented, incorporating amendments approved by the Fungal Nomenclature Session of the 11th International Mycological Congress held in San Juan, Puerto Rico in July 2018. The process leading to the amendments is outlined. Key changes in the San Juan Chapter F are (1) removal of option to use a colon to indicate the sanctioned status of a name, (2) introduction of correctability for incorrectly cited identifiers of names and typifications, and (3) introduction of option to use name identifiers in place of author citations. Examples have been added to aid the interpretation of new Articles and Recommendations, and Examples have also been added to the existing Art. F.3.7 concerning the protection extended to new combinations based on sanctioned names or basionyms of sanctioned names (which has been re-worded), and to Art. F.3.9 concerning typification of names accepted in the sanctioning works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Populations of Atriplex canescens var. gigantea were found in Lamta, Bouficha-Enfidha (central Tunisia), and Medenine (southern Tunisia). Literature data concerning the presence of this species in Tunisia are contradictory but now our data confirm its occurrence in the country. On the other hand, this variety is reported in the present paper for the first time both in Tunisia and in North Africa in general. Morphological characters and ecological data are presented, as well as notes about patterns of infraspecific variability of A. canescens. Nomenclatural notes on infraspecific names in A. canescens, as well as on the closely related species A. garrettii, are provided. The types of the names A. canescens var. laciniata, A. canescens var. macilenta, A. garrettii, Obione occidentalis var. angustifolia, and Pterochiton occidentale, that in earlier publications were erroneously considered to be holotypes, are in fact lectotypes (for most of taxa) under Art. 9.10 of the ICN. Isolectotypes were found at CAS (A. canescens var. laciniata and A. canescens var. macilenta), GH (A. canescens var. macilenta), and YU (Atriplex nuttallii). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Flora Montibérica is the property of Flora Montiberica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The name Rosadavuricavar.alpestris (Nakai) Kitag. was published in 1979 as a new combination based on R.rubro-stipullatavar.alpestris Nakai. It is generally accepted as a deciduous shrub occurring in Russia, Manchuria, Japan, and the northern part of the Korean Peninsula and is distinguished by the presence of eglandular leaves. Rosarubro-stipullatavar.alpestris was originally described as a new variety with a leaf size relatively smaller than that of R.rubro-stipullatavar.rubro-stipullata . However, the observation of various specimens showed the leaf size of var.alpestris to be of minor importance, and it was included in var.rubro-stipullata as a synonym. Due to the priority of autonyms, a new combination is required to replace R.davuricavar.alpestris. Additionally, it should be noted that the epithet " rubro-stipullata " is derived from the Latin word " stipula " rather than " stipulla ." Therefore, for this variety, we propose a new combination, R.davuricavar.rubro-stipulata (Nakai) D. C. Son & Y. S. Kim, comb. nov. & stat. nov., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Young-Soo Kim, Dong Chan Son.)

In 1958, Chun and Kuang described Cathaya Chun & Kuang as a new genus of Pinaceae. They included one fossil species, C.loehri (Engelh. & Kink.) Chun & Kuang and two extant species, C.argyrophylla Chun & Kuang and C.nanchuanensis Chun & Kuang. Under Art. 40.1 of the Shenzhen Code, they did not validly publish Cathaya because they did not designate a type species for the generic name. Four years later (Chun and Kuang 1962), they again published on Cathaya (in Chinese) where they cited the 1958 publication and included one species C.argyrophylla (with C.nanchuanensis in synonymy) under Cathaya . According to Art. 40.3, they validated both the generic name Cathaya and C.argyrophylla in 1962. Further examination of the type collection and botanical history of the discovery of C.argyrophylla revealed that the type collection Guang-Fu-Lin-Qu Exped. 00198 consists of 11 duplicates in the South China Institute of Botany (IBSC) and 9 duplicates in other herbaria (GAC, IBK, PE, SZ) and that the intended type specimen (IBSC0000004) consists of two gatherings: the bark, reproductive shoot and seed cones collected in 1955, whereas pollen-bearing cones were collected in 1956. We thus lectotypify the name C.argyrophylla with the specimen Guang-Fu-Lin-Qu Exped. 00198 (IBSC0000004 excl. pollen-bearing cones)., (Chao Tan, David E. Boufford, Yong Yang.)

The type of Cycasdebaoensis Y.C.Zhong & C.J.Chen ( Y.C.Zhong 8762 ) consists of nine duplicates in PE. Our new investigation of the type collection suggests that the type includes at least two different gatherings which should be considered as syntypes. For nomenclatural purposes, we lectotypify the name Cycasdebaoensis with the herbarium sheet PE00047578 and consider other duplicates in PE and GXMI as isolectotypes. The seeds in the capsule ( Y.C.Zhong s.n. collected in Oct 1998) are considered as a syntype., (Yong Yang, David K. Ferguson.)

Copyright of Flora Montibérica is the property of Flora Montiberica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The type collection of Abies fanjingshanensis W.L.Huang et al. contains four specimens in the Herbarium (GNUG). Abies fanjingshanensis is lectotypified here with L.Yang 83-427 (GNUG0002022) under Art. 9.12 of the Shenzhen Code ., (Yong Yang, Keith Rushforth.)