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Innovations in chewable dosage forms provide solutions for swallowing difficulties faced by certain patient populations. Chewable softgel capsules (SGC) offer opportunities to expand the benefits of SGC, excelling in the delivery of lipid‐based formulations by optimizing the mechanical properties of the shell material without compromising industrial‐scale manufacturing. This study employs an original approach, with a target product profile that aims to combine processability and chewability, to develop optimized chewable dosage forms. Through a mixture design of experiments, key factors such as plasticizer content and the addition of acid‐modified thin‐boiling corn starch are explored, focusing on response parameters critical to achieving the desired properties of the capsule shell material. Optimal shell compositions—one starch‐free and another containing 9% w/w starch, with respective gelatin/non‐volatile plasticizer ratios of 0.81 and 0.67 are determined and evaluated by manufacturing chewable SGC at pilot scale using rotary die technology. The successful manufacturing and resulting capsules, which exhibit the intended properties, highlight the efficiency of this approach in striking the right balance between processability, soft texture, and quick disintegration time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shell materials play significant impact on corrosion resistance and mechanical properties on self‐healing coating of composite with core‐shell nanofiber. In this paper, three promising shell materials were investigated to optimize the performance of self‐healing coating. Self‐healing core‐shell nanofibers with different shell materials were prepared with coaxial electrospinning. The resulting nanofibers were used to prepare self‐healing corrosion resistance coating. The tensile test revealed a notable enhancement in the tensile strength of PA6 core‐shell nanofiber epoxy composite coatings compared with the epoxy coating, demonstrating increase of 26.92%. Friction and wear test indicated reductions in the friction coefficients of PAN, PVDF, and PA6 core‐shell nanofibers by 13.82%, 12.44%, and 26.27%, respectively. The self‐healing and anti‐corrosion abilities were evaluated through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) test. All three coatings exhibited exceptional self‐healing efficiencies exceeding 90%, highlighting the substantial potential of the chosen shell materials as nanocontainers for self‐healing agent. Results indicate that the nanofibers with PA6 as shell material can achieve the best enhancement performance, which has a greater potential for the corrosion protection and long‐lasting use of offshore wind turbine tower coatings. Highlights: Optimizing coating performance by screening coaxial nanofibers for shell materialsShell material can improve the tensile strength of coating up to 26.92%Friction coefficient of PA6 nanofiber coating was about 15% lower than PAN and PVDFAll three coatings exhibited exceptional self‐healing efficiencies exceeding 90% [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Railway Construction Technology is the property of Railway Construction Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Shelling rate and kernel breaking rate are the two key indicators of shelled materials, and mechanical shelling is one of the important methods to improve these key indicators. In this paper, the common mechanical shelling methods, mechanical shelling types, mechanical shelling principles and development status of shelling materials were analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of mechanical hulling equipment were summarized, and suggestions were made for the problems existing in the current application of mechanical hulling.

Copyright of Food & Machinery is the property of Food & Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study and analysis of malacofauna from cores of bottom sediments and cores of the Azov spits showed the nature of the change during the transition from the Ancient Azovian to the New Azovian layers and the uneven distribution of communities in time and space. Shell material from littoral malacocenosis and shallow-water banks is the main component for the formation of spits. Based on a series of cores up to 25 m thick from the Dolgaya Spit, it is shown that its formation began about 2500 years ago, and carbonate material reflects the history of the development of the benthic fauna of the sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional underwater alternating current filed measurement（ACFM） does not take into account the influence of shell material on the detection signal and each parameter of the equipment in the simulation design. In order to solve this problem, an ACFM simulation model was established, the size and shape of the magnetic core were optimized and the probe size was reduced. The effects of the conductivity and permeability of the nondestructive testing（NDT） probe housing material on the detection signal were simulated and analyzed. The most suitable shell material for deep water NDT is 304 stainless steel and the best current frequency, and the parameters of the NDT probe were optimized. The results show that when the conductivity of the shell material reaches 107 S/m, the characteristic signal detects by the magnetic sensor reverses and the frequency of the current more than 7 kHz leads to serious distortion of the detection signal. The permeability of shell material attenuates seriously to the amplitude of Magnetic induction intensity Bz in z direction and magnetic induction intensity Bx in x direction. The research results are beneficial to the development and design of NDT. Reset [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundThe rock-forming element neutron gamma logging tool is mainly composed of a deuterium-tritium neutron source, a shield, and a lanthanum bromide (LaBr3) scintillator detector. Among them, the instrument shell material, boron sleeve structure length, shield structure, and the distance (source distance) from the bromide crystal detector to the neutron source are main factors that affect the count and energy spectrum of the gamma detector. These factors have a crucial impact on the identification and determination of lithology, and it is necessary to optimize the parameters of the tool.PurposeThis study aims to obtain better counts and energy spectrum of the rock-forming element neutron gamma logging tool and effectively reduce the interference signal.MethodsBy establishing a Monte Carlo model of rock-forming element neutron gamma logging tool, the performances with different shell materials, boron sleeve structure lengths, shielding body structures, and source distances were simulated. And the relationships between the changes of the shell material, boron sheath structure length, shield structure, source distance and the response of the tool were systematically studied. Finally, the optimized structure parameters of the logging tool were obtained.ResultsThe results show that the optimum shell material is TC11 titanium steel, the optimum length of the boron sleeve is set to be 29 cm and the boron sleeve is embedded on the TC11 titanium steel instrument shell, the shielding body is made of tungsten nickel iron with a diameter of 11.8 cm, and the optimum source distance is 37.6 cm.ConclusionsThrough the simulation test of the instrument performance, it is determined that the optimized neutron gamma logging tool of rock-forming elements has a detection depth of 38.9 cm and a vertical resolution of 40 cm, and can obtain more accurate dry weight of elements in the borehole size of 7~40 cm. This study provides a theoretical reference for the design of rock-forming element neutron gamma tool and the logging interpretation.

Copyright of Journal of Drainage & Irrigation Machinery Engineering / Paiguan Jixie Gongcheng Xuebao is the property of Editorial Department of Drainage & Irrigation Machinery Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Phenol and phenolic compounds are pollutants of high priority concerns because of their toxicity and contribution to health problems. (Lohumi et al., 2004) The most suitable industrial process for the removal of phenol from aqueous streams is liquid–liquid extraction, which has its own limitations. In order to avoid possible drawbacks, such as persistent emulsification and leaching of extractant in conventional extraction operations, room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) encapsulated in microcapsules (MC) is used as extractant. The present study deals with the preparation of RTIL encapsulated microspheres by surfactant free emulsion polymerization under controlled conditions and the microspheres thus synthesized are characterized to ensure the desired particle size, morphology and surface area by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), FTIR and BET apparatus, respectively. The effects of process variables such as agitation speed, agitation time, temperature, and shell material and the effect of dispersant were studied to determine the yield and size of microcapsules. This was followed by equilibrium distribution studies. The extractant loading capacity in the microcapsules was also analyzed by solvent extraction using hexane as solvent. Batch Sorption studies were conducted to optimize the process variables in the removal of phenol and the data were validated using various isotherms and kinetic models. Thermodynamic parameters were also established. Regeneration studies were also attempted to ensure the stability and reusability of microcapsules.

Phenol and phenolic compounds are pollutants of high priority concerns because of their toxicity and contribution to health problems. ( Lohumi et al., 2004 ) The most suitable industrial process for the removal of phenol from aqueous streams is liquid–liquid extraction, which has its own limitations. In order to avoid possible drawbacks, such as persistent emulsification and leaching of extractant in conventional extraction operations, room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) encapsulated in microcapsules (MC) is used as extractant. The present study deals with the preparation of RTIL encapsulated microspheres by surfactant free emulsion polymerization under controlled conditions and the microspheres thus synthesized are characterized to ensure the desired particle size, morphology and surface area by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), FTIR and BET apparatus, respectively. The effects of process variables such as agitation speed, agitation time, temperature, and shell material and the effect of dispersant were studied to determine the yield and size of microcapsules. This was followed by equilibrium distribution studies. The extractant loading capacity in the microcapsules was also analyzed by solvent extraction using hexane as solvent. Batch Sorption studies were conducted to optimize the process variables in the removal of phenol and the data were validated using various isotherms and kinetic models. Thermodynamic parameters were also established. Regeneration studies were also attempted to ensure the stability and reusability of microcapsules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper microencapsulation of magnesium hydroxide, red phosphorus, inorganic phosphorus and organic flame retardants have been reviewed. The effects of different shell materials on the properties of microencapsulated flame retardant and composites have been carefully and thoroughly discussed. It has been demonstrated that microencapsulation provide better water resistance, flame retardancy, compatibility and higher pyrolysis temperature, etc. With proper shell material, the microcapsules not only possess better properties, but also can be used in more rigorous situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To compare the shrapnel lethal power with different shell material and charge, LS-DYNA was used to numerically simulate four kinds of shrapnel lethal power. The shell material was 58SiMn, 50SiMnVB or 40Cr, whereas the charge was RL-F. And the shell material was 58SiMn, whereas the charge was TNT. The shell rupture process and lethal power test were analyzed. The results show that, the lethal power of RL-F charge increase by 25%, 45%, 14% compared with the TNT charge, whereas the shell material was 58SiMn, 50SiMnVB, 40Cr. And then the guarantee range and lethal power can be improved by using the high explosive and changing shell material, whereas the projectile shape coefficient is invariable.

The shell material of microcapsules has an important effect on the electrolytic co-deposition behavior, the release of core material and the surface performance of composite coating. This paper discussed the tensile property and the stability of three shell materials including polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), gelatin and methyl cellulose (MC). It is found that these three shell materials have good mechanical strength and flexibility which are favorable to electrolytic co-deposition and stability of microcapsules in composite coating and that MC has well permeability and porosity which has a positive effect on the release of the core material in composite coating. Moreover, the study of the thermal properties and water vapor permeability of the three shell materials showed that their permeability improved with increase of temperature and humidity. In addition, the composite copper coating containing microcapsules with PVA, gelatin or MC as shell material was prepared respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Core-shell structural capsules can encapsulate various food ingredients (e.g., nutrients), thus being highly potential for the design of many food products. This work reports how the gum (xanthan, locust bean or gellan) inclusion tailors the practical features of agar/konjac glucomannan (KGM) system for fabricating the core-shell structural capsules. The rheological and textural analyses revealed that xanthan gum inclusion could simultaneously increase the sol-gel transition point and gel strength (ca. 1.6 times higher) of agar/KGM system. The composite gels were dehydrated to generate shell materials. The materials including xanthan or locust bean gum showed stronger chain interactions than did that including gellan gum, accompanied by weakened crystalline features for the different shell materials. Again, compared to the agar/KGM counterpart, the shell materials including xanthan gum could display a similar tensile strength (close to 50 MPa) but an evidently increased elongation at break (ca. 2.5 times higher). Then, these agar/KGM based systems were used to prepare core-shell structural capsules. The capsules based on agar/KGM/xanthan gum materials exhibited the highest roundness and breaking stress. Regarding this, the increased sol-gel point reduced the time required for droplet hardening (to generate core-shell gel balls); such fact, together with the higher gel strength, weakened the deformation of gel balls and thus increased the roundness and breaking stress of capsules (resulting from drying of gel balls). [Display omitted] • Adding xanthan gum increased sol-gel point of agar/konjac glucomannan (KGM) system. • Adding xanthan gum increased gel strength of agar/KGM based system. • Adding xanthan gum increased elongation at break of agar/KGM based shell materials. • Adding xanthan gum increased roundness of agar/KGM based core-shell capsules. • Adding xanthan gum increased breaking stress of agar/KGM based core-shell capsules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The new fourth-order FNMC equation was established for plutonium samples. • A set of FNMC with three layers and six liquid scintillation in each layer is set up. • The sample quality deviation correction were analyzed respectively. • The fitting equations of multiplication coefficient and reaction rate are obtained. Fast neutron multiplicity counting have (FNMC) is a new method of non-destructive analysis for nuclear materials. The new measurement equations of the fourth-order FNMC was established for plutonium samples. Based on the analysis of equations, a set of FNMC with three layers and six liquid scintillations in each layer is set up considering crosstalk, and the single crosstalk rate κ is determined to be 5.68‰. In addition, the quality of Pu and the measurement deviation correction under the different shell materials conditions were analyzed respectively. Finally, the third-order polynomial fitting equations under the condition of multiplication coefficient and (α, n) reaction rate are obtained by modifying the solution quality of Pu. Within the mass range of 500 g Pu, the corrected deviation was less than ±6%. The results show that the combination of FNMC and the coefficient correction method can achieve a more accurate measurement of Pu properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]