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Background: Hospice family caregivers (HFCGs) support the needs of their loved ones but are at risk of developing distress and anxiety. NOVELA is a four-chapter telenovela-style educational video to support topics related to hospice caregiving. Telehealth visits are scheduled in 4 weekly sessions consisting of a chapter and subsequent discussion with an interventionist. This feasibility pilot study tested NOVELA's effect to change HFCGs' outcomes, session and outcome measure completion (defined a priori as >70%). Methods: This is a single-group pretest-posttest study of HFCGs of care recipients with PPS score >20% from 3 hospices in the U.S. Mid-Atlantic region. At baseline and at final posttest, participants completed a web-based survey assessing 3 outcomes: anxiety, self-efficacy, and satisfaction with intervention. Descriptive, t-test, and chi-square statistics were computed. Results: Participants in our study (N = 59) were mainly collage educated, White, female, adult children of home-bound people with a non-cancer diagnosis. Outcomes changed in the expected direction (P >.05) with higher self-efficacy (Cohen's d = −.08 [95% CI −.4 to.2) and lower anxiety (Cohen's d =.2 [95% CI −.1 to.5]) scores from final to baseline, 86% of HFCGs were satisfied or very satisfied with NOVELA, session (33/59) and outcome measure (43/59) completion averaged 68%. Conclusion: Encouraging trends in NOVELA's estimation of effect suggests that NOVELA may buffer stressful aspects of hospice caregiving. However, further refinement of NOVELA is needed. Supporting HFCGs through supportive educational interventions may reduce distress and anxiety with broad implications for quality improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's interconnected world, the line that separates the network perimeter can no longer be identified. This has led to the development of Zero Trust Networking (ZTN) and Software Defined Perimeter (SDP) concepts, which aim to extend the perimeter of trust to every entity connected to the network regardless of their physical location. However, implementing complex security mechanisms and constant trust assurance for every interaction can be challenging. One solution is integrating blockchain technology into Zero Trust to provide security. Blockchain offers features such as data decentralization, anonymity, cryptography, and immutable record of transactions that can be utilized. This work proposes a mechanism for secure service session management using blockchain capabilities. Non-fungible tokens (NFT) are applied to access and provider tokens representing a policy agreement for service consumption. These tokens are mapped to the public addresses of entities registered in the blockchain. The proposal is realized through an open-source Zero Trust platform and a private Ethereum blockchain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revistade Ingenierías Interfaces is the property of Revista de Ingenierias INTERFACES and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Child growth is crucial for nutritional and health status; poor growth may result in stunting. South Africa experiences a high prevalence of stunting, micronutrient deficiencies and late identification of growth faltering. Non-adherence to growth monitoring and promotion (GMP) sessions remains a challenge and caregivers contribute to non-adherence. Therefore, this study explores factors affecting the non-adherence of GMP services. Methods: Qualitative approach and phenomenological exploratory study design were used. One-on-one interviews were conducted with 23 participants conveniently sampled. Sampling size was dependent on data saturation. Voice recorders were used to capture data. Tesch's eight steps, inductive, descriptive and open coding techniques were used to analyse data. Measures of trustworthiness were ensured through credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability. Results: Participants indicated non-adherence to GMP sessions because of a lack of knowledge of the importance of adherence and poor service by healthcare workers, which includes long waiting hours. Inconsistent availability of GMP services at healthcare facilities and growth of the firstborn children with non-adherence to GMP sessions are factors influencing participants' adherence. A lack of transportation and lunch money also contributed to non-adherence to sessions. Conclusion: A lack of knowledge of the importance of adherence to GMP sessions, long waiting hours and inconsistent availability of GMP services at facilities contributed enormously to non-adherence. Therefore, the Department of Health must ensure consistent availability of GMP services to demonstrate the importance and enable adherence. Healthcare facilities should reduce waiting hours to minimise the need for lunch money, and service delivery audits should be conducted to identify other factors contributing to non-adherence to address these. Contribution: Primary health care providers should conduct service delivery audits and internal surveys to identify factors that contribute to non-adherence in order to introduce measures to address them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to consider the use of MOOC Camps for teacher development. Massive open online courses (MOOCs) have great potential for providing autonomous, high-quality professional teacher development at a low cost for their participants. However, MOOCs in general have some drawbacks. In many cases, they are no more than simple adaptations of traditional courses. Also, they have failed to meet their basic objective, which is to democratize access to higher education, as their main public is still from more developed countries. Other outstanding issues are assessment and recognition, validation, and accreditation. However, maybe the most serious problem faced by MOOC developers is the low rate course completion. One way these problems can be mitigated is to integrate MOOCs with more traditional classroom learning. MOOC Camps seem to be a good alternative, offering a blended solution, combining in-person, facilitated discussions with the free online courses. This participatory action research focuses on the effectiveness of a MOOC Camp project, a partnership between the American Embassy in Brazil and an extension and research project (CEALD) from a state university in Rio de Janeiro (UERJ). The text begins with an overview of the CEALD project and brief discussion about the use of MOOC Camps, followed by the description of the research methodology and analysis of the participants’ answers to the feedback questionnaire. The first results of this research show that these (future) teachers recognized that the facilitated sessions helped maintain their interest in the online courses and supported their language and methodology development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The time students spend in a learning management system (LMS) is an important measurement in learning analytics (LA). One of the most common data sources is log files from LMS, which do not directly reveal the online time, the duration of which needs to be estimated. As this measurement has a great impact on the results of statistical models in LA, its estimation is crucial. In the literature, there are many strategies for estimating the duration, which do not represent the actual online time of the students. In this article, we combine LMS log files of our students with parallel screen recordings and automatically analyze for how long the LMS is present in the video. We visualize the results and show that common online time estimation strategies do not represent the online time for our students accurately. By using modified online time estimation methods, we find estimations that fit the data of our students better on an individual basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we propose a model to study the learning process of one student during a course. We formulate a stochastic model based on the quality of the teacher's class and the affinity of the student to understand the sessions, under the assumption that previous sessions have some influence in the understanding of the next sessions. The afore mentioned assumption implies that the process is not a Markov process. We derive some recursive expressions for the distribution of the number of sessions that the student comprehends. Furthermore, we study the convergence of this distribution and illustrate its speed of convergence through some numerical examples. Finally, we apply these results to propose a methodology to estimate the quality of this kind of courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-cost Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers are currently used in various engineering applications. These low-cost devices are regarded as suitable sensors for applications in areas with a high risk of instrument damage. The main objectives of this research were to identify the size of displacements that can be detected in relative and absolute positioning modes by low-cost GNSS instruments and to compare the results of selected antennas. Additionally, geodetic and low-cost GNSS instruments were compared in the level of observations. For this study, low-cost SimpleRTK2B V1 boards, which house ZED-F9P GNSS chips, and three low-cost antennas, namely, Survey, Tallysman TW3882, and Survey Calibrated, were selected. While antenna calibration parameters are known for the last antenna, this is not the case for the first two. For testing purposes, a geodetic network consisting of four points was established; horizontal and vertical movements were imposed by a special mechanism with high accuracy. In relative positioning mode, the results indicate that the Survey Calibrated antenna can detect horizontal and vertical displacements with sizes of 4 mm, and 6 mm, respectively. In the detection of horizontal displacements, the performance of the Survey antenna was not as good as that of Tallysman, and the sizes of detected displacements were 6 mm and 4 mm for the first, and second antennas, respectively. Vertical displacements of 9 mm were detected using both Survey and Tallysman antennas. In absolute positioning mode, Survey Calibrated also had better performance than the Tallysman antenna, and spatial displacements of 20 mm or greater were detected by low-cost GNSS instruments. The observations made with low-cost and geodetic GNSS instruments were compared, and the latter showed better performance. However, the differences in cycle slips and the noise of phase observations were inferior. Considering their cost and proven performance, it can be concluded that such sensors can be considered for setting up a highly accurate but low-cost geodetic monitoring system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peramalan session website journal dilakukan untuk pendukung pengambilan keputusan dalam rangka meningkatkan kualitas dan nilai akreditasi pada website jurnal. Data sessions dianalisis berdasarkan pergerakan pola data time series menggunakan metode multilayer perceptron. Karakteristik yang dimiliki oleh multilayer perceptron yaitu keunggulan dalam penentuan nilai bobot yang lebih baik daripada metode lain, multilayer perceptron dapat digunakan tanpa pengetahuan sebelumnya dan algoritma dapat diimplementasikan dengan mudah serta mampu menyelesaikan masalah linear dan nonlinear sehingga nilai peramalan menjadi lebih baik. Penelitian menggunakan berbagai persentase data train dan test. Perbandingan data train dan test yang memiliki nilai terbaik adalah 80% data train dan 20% data test dengan learning rate 0.4 dan arsitektur 2-1-1. Hasil evaluasi model diperoleh nilai MSE dan RMSE, 0.015357 dan 0.123999 untuk training set serta, 0.018996 dan 0.137826 untuk MSE dan RMSE dari test set. Waktu eksekusi yang dibutuhkan untuk melakukan peramalan adalah 580.0651 second atau 9.667751 menit.

ABSTRACT Introduction. The purpose of the study was to determine whether the following 4 factors: age, sex, type of intervention and type of dialysis (acute or chronic), have an influence on the number of dialysis sessions associated with urological interventions. Material and methods. The study included almost 3000 patients undergoing dialysis, during a 3 year period, in 3 university hospitals in Bucharest, Romania. In the end, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the study group consisted of 89 patients. The time frame in which the number of dialysis sessions was evaluated started from the moment the patients entered urological surveillance for undergoing a urological intervention until the patients where discharged. Results. Out of the 4 factors, the following statistically significant differences were encountered: the mean number of dialysis sessions was lower in patients under 50 years than in those older than 69 years (p

Many of us using may web applications in our daily life but many web applications are insecure because they use session-based authentication by overcoming this drawback we are using Token-Based Authentication, which is more secure than Session-based Authentication solution is, in the token-based application the server makes JWT with a unique key and sends the JWT to the customer. The customer stores the JWT (as a rule in nearby capacity) and incorporates JWT in the header with every request. Then the server would approve the JWT with each request made by the client and sends reaction. To keep the client from login on totally different frameworks or net browsers you want to produce a token on every login has to be completed to check the token on each page. The possible chance that the token does not coordinate, at that point in the SESSION and the client will logout automatically and message will display on the screen. The possibility that the client tries to login for the second time, he needs to logout the previously opened session which has been provided at the first login time and also, we check the client with the validate Token. For example, google authenticator or by means of confirmed email address in this manner Authentication made sure about. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study examined the relation between the ratio of baseline to treatment sessions and how differences in this ratio can influence estimation of treatment effect size from temporally adjacent baseline and treatment phases of any single-case experimental design (SCED). The current study describes how Bayesian statistical analyses can be used to aggregate treatment outcomes across subjects to meta-analyze SCED data. One-third of all A versus B comparisons (based upon simulated average values) did have a 10% or more bias, with the vast majority of the bias being substantially fewer data points in baseline compared to treatment sessions. SCEDs require relatively steady state responding; thus researchers may run relatively more B sessions compared to A sessions in the course of visually inspecting graphically depicted data. When the standard deviation for the number of A sessions was approximately twice as large or more than the B phase standard deviation, the degree of AB sessions ratio bias decreased substantially. SCED practitioners can use results of the current study to determine the potential benefits of running additional baseline or treatment sessions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-cost Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers are currently used in various engineering applications. These low-cost devices are regarded as suitable sensors for applications in areas with a high risk of instrument damage. The main objectives of this research were to identify the size of displacements that can be detected in relative and absolute positioning modes by low-cost GNSS instruments and to compare the results of selected antennas. Additionally, geodetic and low-cost GNSS instruments were compared in the level of observations. For this study, low-cost SimpleRTK2B V1 boards, which house ZED-F9P GNSS chips, and three low-cost antennas, namely, Survey, Tallysman TW3882, and Survey Calibrated, were selected. While antenna calibration parameters are known for the last antenna, this is not the case for the first two. For testing purposes, a geodetic network consisting of four points was established; horizontal and vertical movements were imposed by a special mechanism with high accuracy. In relative positioning mode, the results indicate that the Survey Calibrated antenna can detect horizontal and vertical displacements with sizes of 4 mm, and 6 mm, respectively. In the detection of horizontal displacements, the performance of the Survey antenna was not as good as that of Tallysman, and the sizes of detected displacements were 6 mm and 4 mm for the first, and second antennas, respectively. Vertical displacements of 9 mm were detected using both Survey and Tallysman antennas. In absolute positioning mode, Survey Calibrated also had better performance than the Tallysman antenna, and spatial displacements of 20 mm or greater were detected by low-cost GNSS instruments. The observations made with low-cost and geodetic GNSS instruments were compared, and the latter showed better performance. However, the differences in cycle slips and the noise of phase observations were inferior. Considering their cost and proven performance, it can be concluded that such sensors can be considered for setting up a highly accurate but low-cost geodetic monitoring system.

Copyright of Synergies Italie is the property of GERFLINT (Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherches pour le Francais Langue Internationale) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Player Tracking System (PTS) is already well renowned in the Casino industry. It can track the activity of users and monitor the performance and operation of gaming machines. The recognized downside of such a system is that users usually do not want to be tracked, mostly, because they feel that the functioning of the gaming machine might be tampered with to minimize their winning potential. PTS has to offer a variety of services to stimulate a user to use the membership card. In this paper, we propose an Advanced PTS that simplifies some tedious tasks, automates conversion of bonus points to playing credits, displays jackpot counters, introduces the gaming machine reservation system, provides cashless transfers, delivers interactive personalized awards and promotions with prize winning games, enables ordering of refreshments from the gaming machine, and provides some additional innovative features. Its use reduces the workload of casino employees and enables the casino management team to access configuration of the system and analytical data with the use of a web browser from all desired locations and devices. The biggest installation of the presented APTS manages more than 400 gaming machines, and is well-received by the users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) low-cost multi-frequency receivers are argued as an alternative to geodetic receivers for many applications. Calibrated low-cost antennas recently became available on the market making low-cost instruments more comparable with geodetic ones. The main goal of this research was to evaluate the noise of low-cost GNSS receivers, to compare the positioning quality from different types of low-cost antennas, and to analyze the positioning differences between low-cost and geodetic instruments. The results from a zero baseline test indicated that the u-blox multi-frequency receiver, namely, ZED-F9P, had low noise that was at the sub-millimeter level. To analyze the impact of the antennas in the obtained coordinates, a short baseline test was applied. Both tested uncalibrated antennas (Tallysman TW3882 and Survey) demonstrated satisfactory positioning performance. The Tallysman antenna was more accurate in the horizontal position determination, and the difference from the true value was only 0.1 mm; while, for the Survey antenna, the difference was 1.0 mm. For the ellipsoid height, the differences were 0.3 and 0.6 mm for the Survey and Tallysman antennas, respectively. The comparison of low-cost receivers with calibrated low-cost antennas (Survey Calibrated) and geodetic instruments proved better performance for the latter. The geodetic GNSS instruments were more accurate than the low-cost instruments, and the precision of the estimated coordinates from the geodetic network was also greater. Low-cost GNSS instruments were not at the same level as the geodetic ones; however, considering their cost, they demonstrated excellent performance that is sufficiently appropriate for various geodetic applications.

A significant percentage of security research that is conducted suffers from common issues that prevent wide-scale adoption. Common snags of such proposed methods tend to include (i) introduction of additional nodes within the communication architecture, breaking the simplicity of the typical client–server model, or fundamental restructuring of the Internet ecosystem; (ii) significant inflation of responsibilities or duties for the user and/or server operator; and (iii) adding increased risks surrounding sensitive data during the authentication process. Many schemes seek to prevent brute-forcing attacks; they often ignore either partially or holistically the dangers of other cyber-attacks such as MiTM or replay attacks. Therefore, there is no incentive to implement such proposals, and it has become the norm instead to inflate current username/password authentication systems. These have remained standard within client–server authentication paradigms, despite insecurities stemming from poor user and server operator practices, and vulnerabilities to interception and masquerades. Besides these vulnerabilities, systems which revolve around secure authentication typically present exploits of two categories; either pitfalls which allow MiTM or replay attacks due to transmitting data for authentication constantly, or the storage of sensitive information leading to highly specific methods of data storage or facilitation, increasing chances of human error. This paper proposes a more secure method of authentication that retains the current structure of accepted paradigms, but minimizes vulnerabilities which result from the process, and does not inflate responsibilities for users or server operators. The proposed scheme uses a hybrid, layered encryption technique alongside a two-part verification process, and provides dynamic protection against interception-based cyber-attacks such as replay or MiTM attacks, without creating additional vulnerabilities for other attacks such as bruteforcing. Results show the proposed mechanism outperforms not only standardized methods, but also other schemes in terms of deployability, exploit resilience, and speed.

In today's digital era almost every aspect of life requires the internet, one way to access the internet is through a web browser. For security reasons, one developed is private mode. Unfortunately, some users using this feature do it for cybercrime. The use of this feature is to minimize the discovery of digital evidence. The standard investigative techniques of NIST need to be developed to uncover an ever-varied cybercrime. Live Forensics is an investigative development model for obtaining evidence of computer usage. This research provides a solution in forensic investigation effectively and efficiently by using live forensics. This paper proposes a framework for web browser analysis. Live Forensics allows investigators to obtain data from RAM that contains computer usage sessions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Over the last decade, the use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDSs) has risen, whereas studies that describe how consumers use these products have been limited. Most studies related to ENDS use have involved study designs focused on use in a central location environment or attempted to measure use outcomes through subjective self-reported end points. The development of accurate and reliable tools to collect data in a naturalistic real-world environment is necessary to capture the complexities of ENDS use. Using connected devices in a real-world setting provides a convenient and objective approach to collecting behavioral outcomes with ENDS., Objective: The Product Use and Behavior instrument was developed and used to capture the use of the Vuse Solo ENDS in an ambulatory setting to best replicate real-world use behavior. This study aims to determine overall mean values for topography outcomes while also providing a definition for an ENDS use session., Methods: A prospective ambulatory clinical study was performed with the Product Use and Behavior instrument. Participants (n=75) were aged between 21 and 60 years, considered in good health, and were required to be established regular users of ENDSs. To better understand use behavior within the population, the sample was sorted into percentiles with bins based on daily puff counts. To frame these data in the relevant context, they were binned into low-, moderate-, and high-use categories (10th to 40th, 40th to 70th, and 70th to 100th percentiles, respectively), with the low-use group representing the nonintense category, the high-use group representing the intense category, and the moderate-use group being reflective of the average consumer., Results: Participants with higher daily use took substantially more puffs per use session (6.71 vs 4.40) and puffed more frequently (interpuff interval: 32.78 s vs 61.66 s) than participants in the low-use group. Puff duration remained consistent across the low-, moderate‑, and high-use groups (2.10 s, 2.18 s, and 2.19 s, respectively). The moderate-use group had significantly shorter session lengths (P<.001) than the high- and low-use groups, which did not differ significantly from each other (P=.16)., Conclusions: Using connected devices allows for a convenient and robust approach to the collection of behavioral outcomes related to product use in an ambulatory setting. By using the variables captured with these tools, it becomes possible to move away from predefined periods of use to better understand topography outcomes and define use sessions. The data presented here offer a possible method to define these sessions. These data also begin to frame international standards used for the analytical assessments of ENDSs in the correct context and begin to shed light on the differences between standardized testing regimens and actual use behavior., Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04226404; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04226404., (©Robert Underly, Gary M Dull, Evan Nudi, Timothy Pionk, Kristen Prevette, Jeffrey Smith. Originally published in JMIR Formative Research (https://formative.jmir.org), 30.10.2023.)

In a traditional mobile ad-hoc network (MANET), if two nodes are engaged in a session and one of them departs suddenly, their communication is aborted. The session is not active anymore, work is lost, and consequently, the energy of the batteries which is a critical resource has been wasted. This paper proposes a model that uses a cloud service to register, save, pause, and resume sessions between MANET member nodes so that both the work in progress and energy are saved. A checkpoint technique is introduced to capture the progress of a session and allow it to be resumed. This is an additional service to our cloud management of the MANET. The model proposed in this paper was tested on Android-based devices and an Amazon cloud instance. Experimental results show that the model is feasible, robust, and saves time and, more importantly, energy if session breaks occur frequently. We have also enhanced the authentication process by using a two-way authentication method to provide a high level of protection when accessing system services. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We extend the Jolie programming language to capture the native modelling of process-aware web information systems, i.e., web information systems based upon the execution of business processes. Our main contribution is to offer a unifying approach for the programming of distributed architectures on the web, which can capture web servers, stateful process execution, and the composition of services via mediation. We discuss applications of this approach through a series of examples that cover, e.g., static content serving, multiparty sessions, and the evolution of web systems. Finally, we present a performance evaluation that includes a comparison of Jolie-based web systems to other frameworks and a measurement of its scalability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring emergent music learning and teaching models facilitated by global Web access can reveal alternative music education practices and delivery systems not seen in "traditional" conservatories and schools. One example of an alternative music learning model comes from the Online Academy of Irish Music (OAIM), a community music "school" specializing in teaching Irish traditional music (IrTrad) and which is situated in both on (www.oaim.ie) and offline (Liscannor, Ireland) contexts. Using Thomas Turino's (2008) ideas of "participatory music making" and Henry Jenkins's (2006) concept of "participatory culture" as frameworks, the purpose of this ongoing ethnographic/cyberethnographic field study was to explore how Irish traditional music was learned by OIAM's students at its "offline" summer school flute week in July 2013 in Lisconnor, Ireland. While Turino's and Jenkins' ideas come from wildly divergent fields--ethnomusicology and new media respectively--both are based on similar social learning ideals, that, when integrated, have broader implications for music learning and teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Personal protective equipment (PPE) for preventing Ebola virus disease (EVD) includes basic PPE (B-PPE) and enhanced PPE (E-PPE). Our aim was to compare conventional training programs (CTPs) and reinforced training programs (RTPs) on the use of B-PPE and E-PPE. Methods Four groups were created, designated CTP-B, CTP-E, RTP-B, and RTP-E. All groups received the same theoretical training, followed by 3 practical training sessions. Results A total of 120 students were included (30 per group). In all 4 groups, the frequency and number of total errors and critical errors decreased significantly over the course of the training sessions ( P < .01). The RTP was associated with a greater reduction in the number of total errors and critical errors ( P < .0001). During the third training session, we noted an error frequency of 7%-43%, a critical error frequency of 3%-40%, 0.3-1.5 total errors, and 0.1-0.8 critical errors per student. The B-PPE groups had the fewest errors and critical errors ( P < .0001). Conclusion Our results indicate that both training methods improved the student's proficiency, that B-PPE appears to be easier to use than E-PPE, that the RTP achieved better proficiency for both PPE types, and that a number of students are still potentially at risk for EVD contamination despite the improvements observed during the training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A very severe issue in today's computing world is the ‘ACCESS’ to an authenticated user. The most common and popularauthentication mechanism is to use alphanumerical usernames and passwords including special characters and digits. But, textual passwords are most of the time prone to dictionary attacks, shoulder surfing, etc. Hence, graphical passwords have been introducedin this paper as an alternative to authentication schemes. Though the graphical password schemes help in generating more userfriendly passwords, they are still vulnerable to shoulder surfing. To address this issue, text along with images can be combined togenerate more secured passwords. Session passwords, as the name suggests can only be entered once and then, a new password isgenerated for the next session; thereby making the authentication process much stronger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]