1. Introduction and adaptation of an emerging pathogen to olive trees in Italy
- Author
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Anne Sicard, Maria Saponari, Mathieu Vanhove, Andreina I. Castillo, Annalisa Giampetruzzi, Giuliana Loconsole, Pasquale Saldarelli, Donato Boscia, Claire Neema, Rodrigo P. P. Almeida, University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (UMR PHIM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), European Project: SFS-09-2016,XF-ACTORS, Sicard, Anne, H2020 XF-ACTORS - XF-ACTORS - SFS-09-2016 - INCOMING, UC Berkeley, Plant Health Institute of Montpellier [Capesterre] (UMR PHIM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), CNR - Bari, and Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Subjects
highest posterior density ,Pathogens and Epidemiology ,adaptation ,Xylella ,OQDS ,03 medical and health sciences ,olive quick decline syndrome ,Olea ,emerging pathogen. Abbreviations: APL ,X. fastidiosa ,Olive Quick Decline Syndrome (OQDS) ,emerging pathogen ,Phylogeny ,Research Articles ,030304 developmental biology ,Plant Diseases ,2. Zero hunger ,Xylella fastidiosa ,0303 health sciences ,Whole Genome Sequencing ,outbreak ,030306 microbiology ,Apulia ,High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ,Central America ,General Medicine ,15. Life on land ,sequence type 53 ,Adaptation, Physiological ,[SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology ,3. Good health ,ST53 ,Phylogeography ,population genomics, adaptation, Olive Quick Decline Syndrome ,Italy ,Quick Decline Syndrome (OQDS) ,13. Climate action ,HPD ,adaption ,[INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM] ,[SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology ,Genome, Bacterial ,[SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis - Abstract
The invasive plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa currently threatens European flora through the loss of economically and culturally important host plants. This emerging vector-borne bacterium, native to the Americas, causes several important diseases in a wide range of plants including crops, ornamentals, and trees. Previously absent from Europe, and considered a quarantine pathogen, X. fastidiosa was first detected in Apulia, Italy in 2013 associated with a devastating disease of olive trees (Olive Quick Decline Syndrome, OQDS). OQDS has led to significant economic, environmental, cultural, as well as political crises. Although the biology of X. fastidiosa diseases have been studied for over a century, there is still no information on the determinants of specificity between bacterial genotypes and host plant species, which is particularly relevant today as X. fastidiosa is expanding in the naive European landscape. We analysed the genomes of 79 X . fastidiosa samples from diseased olive trees across the affected area in Italy as well as genomes of the most genetically closely related strains from Central America. We provided insights into the ecological and evolutionary emergence of this pathogen in Italy. We first showed that the outbreak in Apulia is due to a single introduction from Central America that we estimated to have occurred in 2008 [95 % HPD: 1930–2016]. By using a combination of population genomic approaches and evolutionary genomics methods, we further identified a short list of genes that could play a major role in the adaptation of X. fastidiosa to this new environment. We finally provided experimental evidence for the adaptation of the strain to this new environment.
- Published
- 2021
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