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Climate change induces major changes in wine typicity due to its impact on berry composition at harvest. This is of great concern for winegrowing regions historically renowned for their terroir and quality potential. Among different levers to adapt to climate change, the modification of grape varieties is considered to be very effective. However, this powerful tool can have repercussions for the protection of the region of origin’s wine typicity. In Bordeaux (France), a considerable research effort addresses the physiological traits of new varieties to thrive in a climate becoming increasingly dry and warm. Recently, a study investigating the typicity of 26 red varieties isolated five potential candidates (Fer Servadou, Duras, Manseng noir, Vinhão and Arinarnoa) sharing similar sensorial spaces compared to classical Bordeaux varieties. Varietal mix is strictly regulated by protected denomination of origin (PDO) rules, although these can change over time. If new varieties were to be accepted in the Bordeaux varietal mix, it would most likely be as secondary varieties accounting for a small proportion in the final Bordeaux blend. This study aimed to assess the impact of the five abovementioned varieties when incorporated into a classical Bordeaux blend (i.e., Cabernet-Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet franc and Petit Verdot), at a proportion of 10 % and 30 % respectively. Two sensory analysis tests were conducted within a two-month period. The first one, which included 37 professional judges, showed that Bordeaux wine typicity barely changed when these varieties were introduced at 10 % or 30 %, except for Vinhão that underwent a slight typicity decrease. The second sensory analysis test was conducted by 20 highly professional judges with an exceptional degree of expertise (> 15 years of experience), especially in blending. Assessing the wines through both blind and non-blind tastings (indication of the varieties present in the blend), the importance of the information on the typicity judgment was assessed. No significant differences were recorded between non-blind and blind tastings, showing that the perceptual judgement of the highly-experienced professionals was not influenced by the introduction of the new varieties to the classical blend. By means of ranking tests, this sensory analysis also showed that the Bordeaux reference blend was the most typical of the wines. Duras and Arinarnoa at 10 or 30 % had a non-significant effect on the blend’s typicity, while a significant decrease of typicity was observed when Fer Servadou (at 10 % or 30 %), Manseng noir (at 30 %) or Vinhão (at 30 %) were introduced to the Bordeaux reference blend. This shift of typicity only occurs, however, on a tight continuum of less to more typical wines.

Functional ingredients rich in bioactive compounds can be added to conventional ingredients for the formulation of food to increase its nutraceutical potential. Three prickly pear parts, namely flowers, seeds, and seed cake were utilized in the current work as natural antioxidant resources. The flower extract gave the best amounts of antioxidants as estimated by spectrophotometric methods, which were 68.08 mg GAE/100 g DM for total phenolics; 6.91 mg QE/100 g DM for total flavonoids; 13.05 mg QE/100 g of DM for flavonols; and 0.22 mg/100 g of DM for condensed tannins. The three extracts showed a high proportion of antioxidant effect as determined by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and TAA in vitro assays. Chemical analysis and sensory testing were performed on biscuits that were made by adding powdered flowers, seeds, or seed cake. The biscuits made from the seed cake gave a higher protein content (83.97 mg/100 g) and the biscuits made from the seeds had the best ash concentration (3.21%), while the biscuits containing flower powder had the highest anti-radical activity (81.04%). Sensory analysis disclosed the preference for biscuits formulated with flowers or seeds (80%) by the experts. These findings demonstrated that the nutritional value of the biscuits was improved by their enrichment with cactus parts powders, and they were appreciated by tasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functional ingredients rich in bioactive compounds can be added to conventional ingredients for the formulation of food to increase its nutraceutical potential. Three prickly pear parts, namely flowers, seeds, and seed cake were utilized in the current work as natural antioxidant resources. The flower extract gave the best amounts of antioxidants as estimated by spectrophotometric methods, which were 68.08 mg GAE/100 g DM for total phenolics; 6.91 mg QE/100 g DM for total flavonoids; 13.05 mg QE/100 g of DM for flavonols; and 0.22 mg/100 g of DM for condensed tannins. The three extracts showed a high proportion of antioxidant effect as determined by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and TAA in vitro assays. Chemical analysis and sensory testing were performed on biscuits that were made by adding powdered flowers, seeds, or seed cake. The biscuits made from the seed cake gave a higher protein content (83.97 mg/100 g) and the biscuits made from the seeds had the best ash concentration (3.21%), while the biscuits containing flower powder had the highest anti-radical activity (81.04%). Sensory analysis disclosed the preference for biscuits formulated with flowers or seeds (80%) by the experts. These findings demonstrated that the nutritional value of the biscuits was improved by their enrichment with cactus parts powders, and they were appreciated by tasters.

In the Valpolicella area (Verona, Italy) one of the most important Italian wines is being produced: Amarone, predominately made by Vitis vinifera cv. Corvina. This wine is subjected to a specific postharvest process, namely, withering, which aims to increase alcohol content and/or high residual sugars while retaining richness in aromas and organoleptic compounds. In accordance with guidelines and strict Amarone protocol set by the Consorzio of Amarone-Valpolicella, withering must be carried out by setting the grapes in a suitable environment. In our study, the withering process was performed following the traditional methods, i.e., in open-air, natural environmental conditions, as generally performed by winegrowers, leading to a weight loss in grapes of up to 30%. Whilst the effect of different postharvest conditions is clear and studied, it is interesting to know how soil can affect both grapes and wine profile, in terms of aromas, which are of great importance for this crafted wine. For this purpose, for two study years, the influence of two different sites (with regards to the carbonates' content) on aromas were investigated. Furthermore, microvinifications and the sensory profile of the resulting wines were analysed. Our results clearly indicated that different soils' characteristics, particularly differences in carbonate content, had an important effect, not only on the aromatic compounds of grapes and wines, but on the sensory profile as well. This information will help winegrowers and winemakers in the process of determining site selection for future vineyards in order to obtain a final optimum Amarone wine, in terms of its aromatic composition—one that is able to respond to the market demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Minas Frescal cheese is one of the most commercialized products in Brazil, but due to its high moisture, it is very perishable. To increase the shelf life of foods, many bioactive extracts have been used as preservatives, as they have antimicrobial action. The mango peel and kernel are industrial residues and have phenolic compounds with antimicrobial activity. This study aimed to develop Minas Frescal cheeses incorporating both peel and kernel mango extracts, to evaluate their physical-chemical and microbiological characteristics, as well as their sensory acceptance. The addition of the extracts did not change the physical-chemical characteristics of the product, except for the pH that showed a significant reduction and an increase in the titratable acidity. Thus, it is concluded that the lower the pH and the greater the number of phenolic compounds present in the extract, the greater the effect of antimicrobial activity will be. The averages attributed by the participants in the sensory analysis indicated a preference for cheeses with Espada and Tommy Atkins mango extract, demonstrating the potential use of these extracts in the production of Minas Frescal cheese.

[Display omitted] • Non-target HS-SPME-GC–MS fingerprinting distinguishes whiskey authenticity. • Chemometrics tentatively identify VOCs markers of counterfeiting in whiskeys. • Potential consumers often miss aroma and color cues in counterfeit whiskeys. This study presents a method employing gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME-GC–MS), supplemented with chemometrics (Soft independent modelling of class analogies - SIMCA), to analyze volatile organic compound (VOCs) profiles in suspect whiskey samples. Furthermore, a sensory analysis of aroma and color was conducted with a panel of 52 non-trained volunteers to evaluate their ability to discriminate and preference for counterfeit whiskeys. The HS-SPME-GC–MS method successfully distinguished 41 seized samples from authentic beverages. Interestingly, sensory analysis revealed that panelists could differentiate between counterfeit and authentic samples with a reference standard but did not consistently show a preference for aroma. In some cases, there was even a preference for the color of counterfeit whiskeys. The findings suggest that sensorial tests alone may not effectively distinguish counterfeit from authentic whiskeys, especially for non-expert consumers, highlighting the need for analytical instrumentation methods in fraud detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Valpolicella area (Verona, Italy) one of the most important Italian wines is being produced: Amarone, predominately made by Vitis vinifera cv. Corvina. This wine is subjected to a specific postharvest process, namely, withering, which aims to increase alcohol content and/or high residual sugars while retaining richness in aromas and organoleptic compounds. In accordance with guidelines and strict Amarone protocol set by the Consorzio of Amarone-Valpolicella, withering must be carried out by setting the grapes in a suitable environment. In our study, the withering process was performed following the traditional methods, i.e., in open-air, natural environmental conditions, as generally performed by winegrowers, leading to a weight loss in grapes of up to 30%. Whilst the effect of different postharvest conditions is clear and studied, it is interesting to know how soil can affect both grapes and wine profile, in terms of aromas, which are of great importance for this crafted wine. For this purpose, for two study years, the influence of two different sites (with regards to the carbonates’ content) on aromas were investigated. Furthermore, microvinifications and the sensory profile of the resulting wines were analysed. Our results clearly indicated that different soils’ characteristics, particularly differences in carbonate content, had an important effect, not only on the aromatic compounds of grapes and wines, but on the sensory profile as well. This information will help winegrowers and winemakers in the process of determining site selection for future vineyards in order to obtain a final optimum Amarone wine, in terms of its aromatic composition—one that is able to respond to the market demand.

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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of erythorbic acid (EA), sodium erythorbate (SE) and kojic acid (KA) to control the pulp browning of minimally processed (MP) 'Royal Gala' apples. Physicochemical and sensorial properties of MP apples were evaluated during a shelf life testing. SE and EA resulted in the highest levels of phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and PPO and POD inhibition. Sensorial analysis results revealed that SE and EA treatments preserved the flavor, odor, color, succulence, firmness and overall quality of MP apples for up to 9 days. In conclusion, both SE and EA are suitable antibrowning agents for MP 'Royal Gala' apples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Sugars and antioxidants in peaches contribute to fresh fruit quality and nutrition; however, information on widely grown cultivars and changes induced after peach jam preparation is limited. In the present study, colour, sugars and antioxidant parameters were determined in fruit and jam from 45 peach and nectarine cultivars. RESULTS Pronounced varietal differences were found in sorbitol (42-fold range), total phenolics ( TPs) and antioxidant capacities (10- to 19-fold range). Sorbitol levels were greater in non-melting peach, followed by nectarine, and lower values were found in melting peach cultivars. Late-harvested peach and nectarine cultivars tended to have a higher soluble solid content and antioxidant potential. Cultivars with relatively high antioxidant contents produced darker and redder jams, containing more antioxidants, than the jam or the fruit from the other cultivars. Jam- TPs were reduced by 48% compared to fruit- TPs, with greater reduction being noted in high antioxidant cultivars. The most favorable jam organoleptic characteristics were found in 'Morsiani 90', 'Amiga', 'Romea' and 'Alirosada', as well as in non-melting compared to melting peach cultivars. CONCLUSION The best cultivars for each fruit flesh type and jam were identified. Peach jam could be an alternative substitute when fresh fruit is not available and when it is prepared with high antioxidant cultivars. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Con el objetivo de evaluar el nivel de aceptabilidad para tres variedades tardías de uva de mesa, la Unidad de Comercialización y Divulgación Agraria del Departamento de Economía y Ciencias Sociales Agrarias (E.T.S.I.Agrónomos), de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, realizó la presente investigación en octubre de 1999. Se utilizó el análisis sensorial en Sala de Catas como herramienta para la evaluación del nivel de aceptabilidad de tres variedades de uva de mesa. Se puso énfasis en conocer las posibles diferencias de carácter sensorial entre las variedades Itália, Redglobe y Napoleón, variedades que coinciden en su época de cosecha y comercialización en España. En los análisis hechos, la variedad Itália fue la más preferida. El sabor, seguido de la jugosidad, fueron los elementos determinantes en el proceso de aceptación de la uva.Aiming to evaluate the acceptability level of three late varieties of table grape, the Unity of Comercialization and Agricultural Divulgation from the Department of Economy and Agricultural Social Science (E.T.S.I. Agrónomos), from the Politecnical University of Madri, accomplished this study in July 1999. The sensorial analysis was applied for the evaluation of the acceptability level of three varieties of table grape: Italy, Redglobe and Napoleon. This analysis attempted to know the possible differences of sensorial character among the varieties. In the Spanish orchards, these varieties reached the harvest ripening in the same period. The flavor, followed by the succulence, were the determinant elements in the process of accepting the grape.

• Lower latitudes in North Europe favor blackcurrant phenolic compound accumulation. • Rainfall has a positive impact on the content of the two main anthocyanins. • Lower temperatures appear to increase malic acid content and fruit acidity. • 'Ben Tirran' cultivar presents higher overall appreciation in all locations. • Acetate esters correlate with bitterness and fermented flavor perception. This work aims to determine the effect of genotype x environment (GxE) interaction that influence blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) fruit quality. We applied metabolomics-driven analysis on fruits from four cultivars grown in contrasting European-locations over two seasons. By integrating metabolomics and sensory analysis, we also defined specific metabolic signatures associated with consumer acceptance. Our results showed that rainfall is a crucial factor associated with accumulation of delphinidin- and cyanidin-3- O -glucoside, the two mayor blackcurrant pigments meanwhile temperature affects the main organic acid levels which can be decisive for fruit taste. Sensorial analysis showed that increases in terpenoid and acetate ester volatiles were strongly associated with higher appreciation score, while proacacipetalin, a cyanogenic-glycoside, was positively associated to bitter taste. Our results pave the way for the selection of high-quality cultivars and suitable production sites for blackcurrant cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fungi are known producers of a large number of volatile compounds (VCs). Several VCs such as 2,4,6 trichloroanisole (TCA), geosmin and terpenes have been found in coffee beverages, and these compounds can be responsible for off-flavor development. However, few studies have related the fungal contamination of coffee with the sensory characteristics of the beverage. The aim of this research was to investigate the production of VCs by fungi isolated from coffee and their potential as modifiers of the sensory coffee beverage quality. Three species were isolated from coffee from the southwest of São Paulo state and selected for the study: Penicillium brevicompactum , Aspergillus luchuensis (belonging to section Nigri ) and Penicillium sp. nov. (related to Penicillium crustosum ). VCs produced by the fungal inoculated in raw coffee beans were extracted and tentatively identified by SPME–GC–MS. Different VCs that may interfere in the coffee beverage quality were detected in the raw coffee beans inoculated with these fungal species (mainly A. luchuensis ). Oct-1-en-3-ol was detected in the raw coffee inoculated with A. luchuensis . This compound, which is characterized by earthy and moldy/mushroom aroma, can be related to negative characteristics of coffee beverage in sensory analysis. On the other hand, the presence of some fungal species in the coffee, even at a high percentage of infection, did not necessarily result in loss of the sensorial quality of the beverage, since the samples with a high infection of P. brevicompactum showed positive sensory evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of coffee beverage is influenced by several factors, including the species or botanical variety of the beans, agricultural practices, harvesting, drying and storage techniques and also the preparation of the beverage. Apart from these, there is the input of microbial contamination during the processing of the beans. Numerous studies have demonstrated that fungi are important contaminants of coffee beans, especially just after harvesting and drying. However, the relationship between fungal contamination and the sensorial characteristics of the beverage has yet to be described. The aim of this research was to analyze the mycobiota of coffee beans collected from different stages of the coffee production chain and to correlate these data with the sensorial characteristics of the final beverage. Fungal infection of 22 coffee bean samples from the southwest of São Paulo state was analyzed. Samples were collected from the tree (mature cherries), from the ground, from the patio (mature, immature and dried floaters or overripe cherries from the tree) and from storage facilities. In general, coffee samples from this region showed high fungal infection and contamination was higher than 70% in about 45% of the samples. A high diversity of fungi was isolated from all the coffee samples analyzed and the most common were Penicillium brevicompactum, Aspergillus section Nigri, Penicillium sp. nov. (closely related to Penicillium crustosum) and Fusarium sp. Both P. brevicompactum and Penicillium sp. nov. were found at all processing stages, including in the cherries, showing that these fungi are naturally found in the coffee beans from this region. Floater coffee and coffee from the ground showed negative sensorial evaluation with attributes such as moldy, dirty and fermented and presented a high contamination by Aspergillus section Nigri and Aspergillus westerdijikiae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The quality of coffee beverage is influenced by several factors, including the species or botanical variety of the beans, agricultural practices, harvesting, drying and storage techniques and also the preparation of the beverage. Apart from these, there is the input of microbial contamination during the processing of the beans. Numerous studies have demonstrated that fungi are important contaminants of coffee beans, especially just after harvesting and drying. However, the relationship between fungal contamination and the sensorial characteristics of the beverage has yet to be described. The aim of this research was to analyze the mycobiota of coffee beans collected from different stages of the coffee production chain and to correlate these data with the sensorial characteristics of the final beverage. Fungal infection of 22 coffee bean samples from the southwest of São Paulo state was analyzed. Samples were collected from the tree (mature cherries), from the ground, from the patio (mature, immature and dried floaters or overripe cherries from the tree) and from storage facilities. In general, coffee samples from this region showed high fungal infection and contamination was higher than 70% in about 45% of the samples. A high diversity of fungi was isolated from all the coffee samples analyzed and the most common were Penicillium brevicompactum, Aspergillus section Nigri, Penicillium sp. nov. (closely related to Penicillium crustosum) and Fusarium sp. Both P. brevicompactum and Penicillium sp. nov. were found at all processing stages, including in the cherries, showing that these fungi are naturally found in the coffee beans from this region. Floater coffee and coffee from the ground showed negative sensorial evaluation with attributes such as moldy, dirty and fermented and presented a high contamination by Aspergillus section Nigri and Aspergillus westerdijikiae. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The purpose of this work was to compare carrots with similar firmness cooked by traditional cooking and two vacuum treatments: sous-vide (SV) and cook-vide (CV). As a first step, consumers determined the preferred level of firmness for carrots cooked by traditional cooking (boiling). This level corresponded to instrumental firmness of 2.8 N in phloem tissue and 4.1 N in xylem tissue. Response surface methodology (RSM) established the pairing conditions of time (22 to 78 min) and temperature (78 to 92 °C) to study the effect of both factors on the firmness of carrots with sous-vide and cook-vide treatments. In both treatments, the instrumental firmness of phloem and xylem samples was measured and modeled. No significant differences were found in firmness values between phloem and xylem tissue of samples cooked by vacuum treatments (CV and SV). For CV treatment, firmness decreased linearly with time and temperature, while for SV treatment it followed a second-order model. Based on the model, conditions of time and temperature to achieve the preferred firmness (2.8 N) were selected for both treatments. Finally, consumers compared the sensory properties of carrots cooked by traditional cooking, sous-vide, and cook-vide with paired comparison tests evaluating three pairs of samples. Carrots cooked by cook-vide were considered less tasty than sous-vide and traditional cooking carrots. Carrots using traditional cooking were firmer than those obtained with SV and CV treatments. Carrots cooked by traditional and sous-vide treatments were preferred to cook-vide ones for the taste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] HHP treatments influence long term red wine physicochemical and sensorial characteristics. [•] Pressurised wines present more orange–red colour and lower anthocyanin content. [•] HHP treatments increase condensation reactions of wine phenolic compounds. [•] Pressurised wines had a good sensorial assessment with distinct characteristics. [•] HHP treatments provide aged characteristics to young red wines. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The impact of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatments on physicochemical characteristics of sulphur dioxide-free white wines was studied during one year of bottle storage. For this purpose, a white wine was produced without the addition of sulphur dioxide (SO2) and was pressurized at two pressure conditions, 500 and 425MPa, for 5min at 20°C. A wine with 40ppm of SO2 and a wine with no preservation treatment were used as controls. Pressurized wines showed, after one year of storage, a more brownish color (higher a* and b* values and lower L*) and a slightly lower antioxidant activity and total content of phenolic compounds compared to the unpressurized wines (wine with SO2 and wine without any treatment). These results, together with the lower content of free amino acids (e.g. 87% less of serine) and higher content of furans (e.g. 10 fold higher of 2-furfural), presented in the pressurized wines after nine months of storage, lead to propose an effect of HHP treatments in the acceleration of Maillard reactions occurring during the wine storage period. Industrial relevance : HHP might be used in winemaking as an alternative process for preservation of wine, which can lead to the production of a wine with reduced amounts of SO2. Until now, the physicochemical and sensorial properties of wine have been studied only after the pressure treatment, without ever having references on the influence of the treatment in wine properties during storage. Then, the effect of HHP on the physical–chemical characteristics on long term storage of wine is still largely unknown. This work shows that HHP treatments accelerate Maillard reactions during the white wine storage period. This reaction should be taken into consideration in the implementation of HHP treatments to wine conservation as alternative to SO2. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Mango slices dehydrated at 60 and 70°C were vacuum-packed in PVDC and PETmet/PE and evaluated by means of physicochemical, colorimetric, carotenoid content, microbiological and sensorial analyses along 120 storage days at room temperature (25 + 5°C) and sunlight. Color was altered during storage, as verified through the coordinates L*, a* and b* and total carotenoid content. A greater red intensity reduction (coordinate a*) was verified in the PETmet/PE packed product. Carotenoids degradation was similar for the four products regarding drying temperature (60 and 70°C) and type of packing (PETmet/PE and PVDC) combination used, following a first order reaction. Pigment half-life time (t1/2) was 56.35 days. Sensorial acceptance of the four products was evaluated at 60 and 120 days of storage for the attributes color and flavor. The dehydrated product at 60°C and packed in PETmet/PE was the least accepted for both attributes. On the other hand, the PVDC packed products were the best accepted for both attributes, being therefore the favorite after 120 days of storage. Resumen Laminas de mango secado a 60 y 70°C fueron envasadas a vacío en PVDC y PETmet/PE y evaluadas mediante análisis fisico-químico, colorimétrico, contenido de carotenoides, microbiológico y sensorial durante 120 días de almacenamiento a temperatura ambiente (25 + 5°C) y bajo luz natural. El color se modificó durante el almacenamiento, siendo verificada por las coordenadas L*, a*, b* y el contenido de carotenoides totales. Se observó una reducción considerable en la intensidad del rojo (coordenada a*) en el producto envasado en PETmet/PE. La degradación de los carotenoides fue la misma para los cuatro productos sin importar la combinación de temperatura de secado (60 y 70°C) y envase utilizado (PETmet/PE y PVDC), siguiendo una reacción de primer orden. El tiempo de vida media (t1/2) del pigmento fue de 56,35 días. La aceptación sensorial de los cuatro productos fue evaluada, en los tiempos 60 y 120 días de almacenamiento, para los atributos color y sabor. El producto secado a 60°C y envasado en PETmet/PE fue el menos aceptado para los dos atributos evaluados; mientras que los productos envasados en PVDC fueron lo más aceptados con relación a los dos atributos después de 120 días de almacenamiento. Palabras clave: mango, color, carotenoides, análisis sensorial y mapa de preferencia [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]