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Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Coliform bacteria are majorly introduced into water bodies (river and wastewater) as a result of faecal pollution, agricultural run-offs and several anthropogenic activities. Despite the effectiveness of water treatment methods, pathogens still persist in water; hence the relevance of assessing the ability of these pathogens to survive the lethal actions of physical stresses and the possible impact on antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the organisms. Methodology: The survivability of Escherichia coli strains (NCM3722, FAP1 and ST2747), Enterobacter cloacae GGT036 and Shigella sonnei 53G was assessed in environmental and waste waters for 21 days. The effect of three treatment regimens (UV radiation, solar radiation and boiling) on the survival of the coliforms was evaluated. Also, the antibiogram of the isolates post-UV exposure was assayed. Results: Although there was significant reduction (= 3-log) in the population of the bacteria overtime, all the coliforms survived in the waters for 21 days. The effect of UV radiation was significant on all organisms (> 3 log reductions). Solar radiation for 60 minutes had significantly lesser effect than boiling for 15 minutes. Surviving cells of all isolates demonstrated multiple drug-resistance post exposure to UV radiation. Conclusion: This study revealed the ability of coliforms to persist in waters after treatment and proves that UV radiation may not be effective in attenuation of antibiotic resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé L'infection urinaire (IU) est une des infections bactériennes les plus fréquentes en pédiatrie, l'antibiothérapie probabiliste ciblée nécessite une connaissance actualisée des données bactériologiques locales. Objectif : Actualiser l'écologie microbienne de l'IU chez l'en-fant et suivre l'évolution du profil de sensibilité aux antibio-tiques des bactéries uropathogènes. Méthodes : Étude descriptive sur 5 ans (de janvier 2013 à décembre 2017) concernant les examens cytobactériologiques des urines, réalisés chez les enfants hospitalisés dans les services du pôle pédiatrique du CHU Mohammed VI de Marrakech. Résultat : 4 769 échantillons ont été traités. Une IU a été rete-nue dans 23 % des cas. La moyenne d'âge était de 45 mois, le sexe ratio était de 1,04 garçon/fille. Escherichia coli a dominé le profil épidémiologique (39 %) suivi de Klebsiella pneumoniae (21 %). Escherichia coli était résistante à l'amoxicilline dans 80 % des cas, à l'association amoxicilline acide clavulanique dans 59 % des cas, aux céphalosporines de troisième génération dans 33 %, aux fluoroquinolones dans 15 % et au cotrimoxazole dans 55 % des cas. La production de bêtalactamases à spectre étendu au sein des entérobactéries isolées était de 39 % et la prévalence globale de bactéries multirésistantes était de 32,9 % parmi les-quelles le chef de file était le Klebsiella pneumoniae (47 %). Conclusion : Ces résultats confirment le caractère évolutif et inquiétant de la résistance aux antibiotiques des germes uropathogènes, ce qui impose une surveillance continue de ses résistances ainsi qu'une prescription rationnelle des antibiotiques et le respect des mesures d'hygiène. Abstract Urinary tract infection is one of the most common bacterial infections in pediatric patients. A targeted empirical antibiotic therapy requires an updating of local bacteriological data. Objective : To propose updated microbial ecology data of urinary tract infection in children and evolution of the antibiotic sensitivity profile of uropathogenic germs. Methods : A descriptive study was made over a period of 5 years (from January 2013 to December 2017). It includes all cyto-bacteriological examinations of urine performed in child-ren hospitalized in various departments of the Pediatric center of Mohammed VI University Hospital in Marrakech. Results : 23% of the 4 769 tested samples presented characteristics of a Urinary tract infection. Mean patient age was 45 months. Sex ratio M/F was 1,04. Escherichia. Coli was the dominant pathogen (39%) followed by Klebsiella. pneumoniae (21 %). Escherichia. Coli was resistant to amoxicillin in 80% of cases, to the association amoxicillin + clavulanic acid in 59 %, to third gene-ration cephalosporins in 33%, to fluoroquinolones in 15%, and to the cotrimoxazole in 55 % of cases; 39 % of Enterobacteria produced an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and the overall prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria was 32.9%, especially Klebsiella pneumoniae (47 %). Conclusion : These results confirm the evolutionary and worrying character of the antibiotic resistance of uropathogenic bacteria, which requires a continuous monitoring of its resistance, a rational prescription of antibiotics and respect for hygiene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectif – Déterminer le profil bactériologique et la sensibilité aux antibiotiques des bactéries isolées des hémocultures à l’Hôpital Général de Douala (HGD), Cameroun. Méthodes – Il s’agit d’une étude transversale rétrospective, menée au laboratoire de bactériologie de l’HGD sur une période de six ans (2006 – 2011), portant sur l’ensemble des bactéries isolées, à partir des hémocultures prélevées chez les malades hospitalisés. Résultats – Deux cent quatre-vingt-dix-neuf (299) souches bactériennes non répétitives ont été identifiées, avec une forte prévalence des bacilles à Gram négatif (76 %). Les espèces les plus fréquemment isolées étaient Klebsiella pneumoniae (27,8 %), Staphylococcus aureus (13,1 %) et Escherichia coli (12,0 %). Staphylococcus aureus et les Staphylocoques à Coagulase Négative présentaient respectivement une résistance à la meticilline de 55,2 % et 72,7 %. Aucune souche de staphylocoques résistante aux glycopeptides n’a été retrouvée. Les entérobactéries étaient résistantes aux céphalosporines de 3e génération dans 44,2 % des cas, et présentaient un phénotype Bétalactamase à spectre élargi dans 27,0 % des cas. Pseudomonas aeruginosa était résistant à l’imipenème dans 18,1 % des cas. Conclusion – La connaissance de l’écologie bactérienne et la surveillance de la résistance aux antibiotiques sont nécessaires pour guider l’antibiothérapie dans notre environnement.

Objective The main goal of this study was to determine the in vitro susceptibility of strains collected from marketed probiotics to antibiotics used to treat community-acquired infections. Methods The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 16 antibiotics were determined using a gradient strip (E test) or the agar dilution method for fidaxomicin. Results The probiotics demonstrated various antibiotic patterns. Bacterial probiotics are generally susceptible to most prescribed antibiotics orally administered, whereas yeast probiotics, such as Saccharomyces boulardii , are resistant. Conclusion Special attention must be paid to co-prescriptions of antibiotics and probiotics to ensure that the probiotic strain is not susceptible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Objectifs Étudier la sensibilité des Escherichia coli isolés des urines de médecine de ville dans l’ensemble de la population (femmes, hommes, enfants). Patients et méthodes Il s’agit d’une étude multicentrique rétrospective sur 121 sites de prélèvements drainés sur 7 grands plateaux techniques répartis dans la moitié sud de la France. Il est effectué un recueil exhaustif des données d’antibiogramme des Escherichia coli isolés des urines d’origine communautaire durant l’année 2015. Résultats Les aminopénicillines (sensibilité (Se): 51 %) et l’amoxicilline + acide clavulanique (Se: 69,3 %) ont une activité insuffisante pour une utilisation en antibiothérapie probabiliste. Les taux de sensibilité aux fluoroquinolones continuent de diminuer (Se de la ciprofloxacine : 87,8 %). Les cépholosporines de 3 e génération gardent une excellente activité. Les antibiotiques spécifiques du traitement des infections urinaires, fosfomycine (Se: 98,7 %), nitrofuranes (Se : 98,7 %) et mécillinam (Se : 92,4 %), ont les meilleurs taux de sensibilité même en présence de souches produisant une β-lactamase à spectre étendu. On observe une diminution de l’activité des antibiotiques avec l’âge des patients. Conclusion La surveillance de la résistance aux antibiotiques est essentielle pour guider les recommandations de l’antibiothérapie probabiliste. Les données collectées en 2015 sont en adéquation avec les recommandations actuelles. Objectives To study susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolated in urines from all outcome patients (women, men and children). Patients and methods This multicenter retrospective study is based on 121 sampling sites with 7 great technical platforms of south France. During 2015, the exhaustive data from all Escherichia coli antibiotic susceptibility testing isolated from urines of outcome patients were collected. Results The susceptibility of Escherichia coli is too low with aminopenicillins (51 %) and amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (69,3 %) to be used in probabilistic antibiotic treatment.The susceptibility for fluoroquinolones is always decreasing (susceptibility for ciprofloxacin: 87,8%).Third generation cephalosporins show excellent antimicrobial activity. Antibiotics used specifically in urinary tract infections, fosfomycin, nitrofurans et mecillinam, have the best antimicrobial activity (98,7 %, 98,7 % and 92,4 % respectively) even in ESBL-producing strains. We show a decreased antimicrobial activity with patient age. Conclusion Antimicrobial susceptibility surveys of community-acquired infections are essential for probabilistic antibiotic treatments. The existing guideline is in accordance with our data collected during 2015. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the frequency of extended-spectrum beta lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae(ESBL) and other antibioticsresistant bacteria in urinary tract isolates. Study Design: prospective and experimental study. Methodology: Place and duration of study: YalgadoOuedraogo University Hospital Center, Charles De Gaulle Pediatric Hospital Center, Saint Camille Hospital and National Public Health Laboratory, Ouagadougou, from November 2014 to October 2015. AllEnterobacteriaceaestrains isolated from urinary samples of patients were identifiedusing API 20E chemical gallery (BioMerieux, France). All strains were subjected to an array of 14 antibiotics to study their drug susceptibility by using Kirby-Baeurdisk diffusion method. Detection of ESBL was carried out by double disk diffusion technique. Statistical analysis was performed by Microsoft Excel and Anova one-way GrapPad Prism version 5.01. Chi-square (x2) test was used to determine significance. A p< 0.05was considered to be statistically significant. Results: A total of 324 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae were identified during the study period, including211(65%) E. coli, 75 (23%)Klebsiella spp., 18 (6%) Enterobacter spp., 11 (3%)Proteus spp., 5 (2%) Citrobacter spp., Serratia spp. 3 (1%).All the clinical isolates were susceptible to imipenem. Resistance to amikacinwas 14% (45/324); gentamicin 54% (175/324); tobramycin 58% (187/324); nalidixic acid 72% (234/324),ciprofloxacin 63% (204/324) and to cotrimoxazole 83% (269/324).The overall rate of the EBSL producing strains was 35% (114/324). Their susceptibility to antibiotics was (imipenem,amikacin, cefoxitin and fosfomycin) 100% (114/114), 93% (106/114), 74% (84/114) and 84% (96/114) respectively. ESBL positivity within individual organism group was highest inEscherichia coli 64% (73/324) followed byKlebsiellaspp. 28% (32/324), Enterobacterspp. 3% (4/324), Proteus spp. and Citrobacterspp. 2% (2/324). Conclusion: The results showeda high frequency of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae, especially Escherichia coli and Klebsiellaspp. The data points to theneed of routine detection and surveillance of ESBL producing bacteria in Burkina Faso. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses study on the identification of bacterial isolates from the eye surface of healthy mules and its sensitivity to antimicrobial agents. The presence of bacteria could cause ulcerative keratitis in horses and mules. Staphylococcus spp. was the most common bacterial species found in the study, which was consistent with the previous studies on horses, donkeys, and water buffalos. The antimicrobials gentamicin and chloramphenicol were also mentioned.

Abstract: Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the distribution and the antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus saprophyticus patterns isolated from urine culture in outpatients (population: 57,000, Elbeuf, Normandie, France). Design: Prospective study from November 2007 to October 2009 in collaboration with three private medical laboratories. Determination of susceptibility to oxacillin by disk diffusion (cefoxitin, and moxalactam), automated method (Vitek BioMérieux 2) and mecA PCR''s detection. Determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration by microbroth dilution for other antibiotics. Results: Five thousand and fifty-one bacterial strains isolated, 91 strains of S. saprophyticus (1.8%), 89 in women (2.25%) and two in men (0.18%). S. saprophyticus represented 10.3% and 14.5% of isolates (women respectively aged between 11 and 30; 16 and 20 years); S. saprophyticus is isolated less frequently in winter. mecA PCR detection was positive for two strains. All strains tested were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and furans. Only one strain is resistant to cotrimoxazole. Conclusions: S. saprophyticus is found mostly in women between 11 to 30 years. Cotrimoxazole (after susceptibility testing) is efficient in case of S. saprophyticus''s cystitis. Furans (probabilistic treatment) have to be reevaluated because of the potential for serious adverse effects. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) is a novel type of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) responsible for bacterial resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. Acinetobacter junii was previously shown to possess a MBL phenotype; however, the genes responsible for this phenotype were not identified. In this study, we reported the identification of NDM-1 gene in a clinical isolate of A. junii from a child patient in China, which was resistant to all β-lactams except aztreonam but sensitive to aminoglycosides and quinolones. The cloned NDM-1 gene contained an open reading frame of 813 bp and had a nucleotide sequence 99.9% identical (812/813) to reported NDM-1 genes carried by Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Recombinant NDM-1 protein was successfully expressed in E. coli BL21, and antibiotic sensitivities of the NDM-1-producing E. coli were largely similar to the A. junii 1454 isolate. The findings of this study raise attention to the emergence and spread of NDM-1-carrying bacteria in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of West African Journal of Medicine is the property of West African Journal of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Objective: The authors had for aim to determine the distribution of bacterial isolates and the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Escherichia coli from community-acquired urinary tract infections in an area covering 57,000 people (Elbeuf, Normandie, France). Design: From November 2007 to October 2008, three private French laboratories consecutively collected 2344 bacteria including 1636 E. coli from outpatients. The antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli was determined using an automatized method (Vitek 2 Biomerieux). Results: The global susceptibility of E. coli was: ampicillin: 57%; amoxicillin+clavulanic acid: 73%; cefixim: 96%; ceftriaxone: 98%; gentamycin: 96%; nalidixic acid: 82%; ciprofloxacin: 89%; fosfomycin: 98%; nitrofurantoin: 96% and cotrimoxazole: 81%. The susceptibility of E. coli to ciprofloxacin was higher in 15- to 65-year-old female patients (94%) than for older female (85%) or male patients (80%). Conclusions: In the Elbeuf area, third generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, nitrofurantoin, and fosfomycin were the most effective on E. coli isolated from community-acquired urinary tract infections. Fluoroquinolones were more active in 15- to 65-year-old female patients than in male patients and in female patients over 65 years of age. The rates of acquired resistance were related to the level of antibiotic prescription in the various populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major causative agent of severe infectious diseases. More than 90 pneumococcal serotypes are known, although most invasive and noninvasive diseases are associated with a much smaller number of serotypes. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of S. pneumoniae isolates in children, the distribution of serogroups and serotypes, and the coverage by the serotypes included in the seven-valent peumococcal conjugate vaccine toward pneumococcal disease. This study investigated 210 nonrepetitive isolates of S. pneumoniae isolated between 1998 and 2004. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested using the disk diffusion method as determined by the CA-SFM guidelines. Penicillin susceptibility was determined using the oxacillin 5-μg disk screening test. The MICs of penicillin G, amoxicillin, and cefotaxime were determined using the E-test (ABBIODISK). Serotype was determined using rapid latex agglutination (Pneumotest Latex) and the capsular reaction test used antisera from the Staten Serum Institute. The evaluation of susceptibility to ß-lactamins showed that 52.8% of the strains were penicillin non nusceptible strains (PNSs), 16.6% had decreased susceptibility to amoxicillin, and 8.5% to cefotaxime. Among noninvasive isolates, 55.2% were PNSs and 50.4% were invasive PNSs. The PNS strains were more frequently resistant to other antibiotics, with 68.4% resistance to erythromycine, 44.1% to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and 9.9% to chloramphenicol versus 32.3, 11.1, and 1%, respectively, in penicillin-susceptible strains. The predominant serogroups/serotypes of our study were 14 (22%), 23 (14.3%), 19 (11.9%), and 4 (8.5%). The study of the vaccine serotype distribution showed that the theorical vaccinal coverage of the seven valent vaccines was 62.8% for all the isolates, 55.2% for the invasive isolates, and 67.9% for the PNSs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Objective: In this study we report the prevalence of the throat infections to Streptococcus pyogenes in child and adult in Morocco, and the current antimicrobial susceptibility of the aminopenicillins and erythromycin. Patients and methods: A prospective surveillance study was made from March 2006 to February 2007 in four primary health care in Rabat and Sale cities. Six hundred and ninety-seven patients (494 children and 203 adults) were the object of samplings by throat cotton swab probe, for researching the group A Streptococcus (GAS). The patients were those proposed by their doctors for the treatment of throat infections. The antimicrobial susceptibility was realized by two methods: the disc-diffusion method on Mueller–Hinton agar plates and MICs were determined by E-test. The antibiotics tested were the penicillin G, the amoxicillin and the erythromycin. Results: S. pyogenes was identified in 65 cases (9.3%): 45 strains in children (9.1%) and 20 strains in adults (9.9%). Two peaks of throat infections to S. pyogenes were recorded in children aged 12 to 15 years and in adults between 36 and 39 years old. All strains were susceptible to penicillin G and amoxicillin. One strain was resistant to erythromycin with a MIC greater than 256μg/mL. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Clostridium difficile is the most common agent of nosocomial bacterial diarrhoea in adults. In 2006, C. difficile outbreaks were described in France with the highly virulent strain PCR-ribotype 027, which is also resistant to moxifloxacin and erythromycin. The aim of this study is to perform a phenotypic and molecular characterization of C. difficile strains isolated in Jean-Verdier–René-Muret hospitals. Thirty three C. difficile toxigenic strains isolated in symptomatic patients from 2001 to 2007 were studied. Toxins A and B detection was performed with an immunoenzymatic method (ICTAB, Meridian). The agar diffusion method was performed for determination of antibiotic susceptibility for metronidazole, vancomycin, erythromycin and moxifloxacin. The E-test was performed for determination of metronidazole, vancomycin and tigecycline MIC. Binary toxin genes cdtA and cdtB were detected by PCR. PCR-ribotyping was performed according to Bidet et al. From 2001 to 2007, all the isolates studied were susceptible to metronidazole, vancomycin and tigecyclin. We observed a significant decrease of susceptibility to moxifloxacin (100% in 2001 versus 28.5% in 2007) and to erythromycin (60% in 2001 versus 14% in 2007). Toxins A/B were detected in all the isolates. Fifteen per cent of the isolates studied produced the binary toxin not correlated with a specific PCR-ribotype. Ribotype 18 was the most prevalent PCR-ribotype detected since 2006. The isolates displaying this PCR-ribotype were resistant to erythromycin and moxifloxacin and were principally isolated in the same ward, suggesting cross infection. This study showed that: (1) over a six-year period, the susceptibility to metronidazole and vancomycin remained stable; (2) different clones of C.  difficile circulated during these six years. Recently an epidemic strain resistant to erythromycin and moxifloxacin of ribotype 18 has emerged in the gastroenterology unit where fluoroquinolones are frequently used demonstrating the role of antibiotic selection pressure. The emergence of these isolates could explain the significant decrease of susceptibility to moxifloxacin and erythromycin observed in 2007. However, today, no isolate with a PCR-ribotype 027 was detected. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Eighty non-repetitive strains of Moraxella catarrhalis, isolated in Tunis Children''s Hospital during five years from 1998 to 2002, were tested for their antimicrobial susceptibility, 95% of these strains were isolated from lung samples: 57.5% from trachea products, 35% from sputum and 2.5% from bronchial washings. The majority of strains (72%) were obtained from children under two years old. Antimicrobial susceptibility study showed that 95% of stains were β-lactamase-producing, therefore they were penicillin G and amoxicillin resistant with high MICs. MIC90 of penicillin G and amoxicillin of β-lactamase-producing strains were respectively greater than 32 and 6mg/l, these MIC decrease with addition of clavulanic acid. In fact, all strains studied were susceptible to the association amoxicillin–clavulanic acid as well as to cefotaxime. Concerning the other antimicrobial groups percentages of resistant strains found were as follows: erythromycin 3.75%, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazol 12.5% and tetracycline 1.25%. Finally, all strains were susceptible to chloramphenicol, rifampicin and ciprofloxacin. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus agalactiae strains in Monastir (Tunisia). Method: This retrospective study included 300 strains of S. agalactiae from several pathological samples collected at the Monastir Fattouma Borguiba Hospital. The identification was based on conventional bacteriological features. Serogrouping was performed using agglutination tests. The susceptibility to antibiotics was studied according to the Antibiogram Committee of the French Society of Microbiology recommendations. Results: S. agalactiae was mainly isolated from patients with vaginal infections (31.3%) and urinary tract infections (24.7%). All strains were susceptible to penicillin G. Resistance was mostly observed to erythromycin (38.5%) and lincomycin (36.6%). 6.5% were highly resistant to kanamycin and 0.6% to gentamicin. Conclusion: Penicillin remains the most effective antibiotic, but resistance to other antibiotics is emerging. This justifies the routine studying of antimicrobial susceptibility in S. agalactiae stains. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Objective: Determining the conditions, which would allow us to apply bacterial antibiotic susceptibility tests directly to infected biological fluids and positive blood cultures and in accordance with the standard conditions of these tests. Methods: For infected fluids (N =23), a correlation was determined between the bacterial count observed by microscopic field on a cystopin centrifugation pellet and the dilution required to obtain bacterial inocula corresponding to those used in the standard antibiogram and E-test methods. For blood cultures detected positive with the BactALERT system (26 Enterobacteriaceae, 29 Staphylococcus and 11 Pneumococcus), the broth dilution required to obtain such inocula was determined for each bacterial type. Results: For infected fluids, the dilution required for the antibiogram of enterobacterial and staphylococcal isolates was respectively of 10−1 and 100 when there were 50 to 100 bacteria/field, 10−2 and 10−1 for 100 to 500, 10−3 and 10−2 for 500 to 1000, and 10−4 and 10−3 for>1000. A minimum of 50 to 100 bacteria/field was required to determine β-lactam MICs towards a pneumococcal isolate present in cerebrospinal fluid. For blood cultures, a broth dilution of 10−4 for Enterobacteriaceae and of 10−2 for Staphylococcus and Pneumococcus allowed to reproduce the standard antibiogram. To reproduce the standard conditions of the E-test method for β-lactam MICs towards a pneumococcal isolate, the broth dilution was 10−1. Conclusion: Following the procedure described, antibiotic susceptibility can be available 24 h earlier. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We have characterized the cell surface properties of three mutant series of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that show various defects in their lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core region. The deepest rough mutants of each series used in this study lacked completely rhamnose and glucose, and contained only galactosamine and alanine as LPS outer core constituents. However, rough mutants other than the deepest rough mutants showed high cell surface hydrophobicity compared to the corresponding parental strains, the deepest rough mutants showed less hydrophobicity than other rough mutants. The reactivity of an anti-lipid A monoclonal antibody with the deepest rough mutants was markedly higher than that with other counterparts. The deepest rough mutants tended to be more susceptible to antibiotics, such as gentamicin and polymyxin B, than the corresponding parental strains and other rough mutants. The above evidence indicates that neutral sugar, namely rhamnose and glucose, residues of the LPS outer core region play a critical role in the cell surface properties of P. aeruginosa. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Four hundred and sixty-four Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were isolated in northern Lebanon at the Islami Hospital Microbiology department, in Tripoli. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of these strains to antibiotics, to compare this susceptibility according to the nature of the sample and the year of sampling. The results show that urinary samples were the most frequent (39.3%), followed by wound samples (21.2%), and ear samples (16.5%). The average rate of susceptible strains was 39.8% to ticarcillin, 56.9% to piperacillin, 58.2% to piperacillin + tazobactam, 74.1% to imipenem, 63.3% to ceftazidime, 60.4% to cefepime, 62.1% to aztreonam, 60.3% to netilmicin, 57.5% to gentamicin, 62.2% to tobramycin, 69% to amikacin, 100% to colistin, 45.4% to pefloxacin and ofloxacin, 57.7% to ciprofloxacin and 1.3% to rifampicin. The study showed that the strains isolated from pulmonary secretions were the most resistant to antibiotics. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Revue Francaise des Laboratoires is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the susceptibility rates and patterns in P. aeruginosa strains isolated from 2002 to 2005 in a teaching Hospital of Tunisia. Susceptibility to antibiotics was assessed according to CA-SFM guidelines. During this period, 1,368 strains of P. aeruginosa were identified, they were isolated mainly from pus (52.9%), respiratory samples (19.5 %), urine (10.6%), and blood cultures (5%). The percentages of resistant isolates were as follows: ticarcilline: 26.2%; ceftazidime: 21.8%; imipenem: 19.6%; gentamicin: 39.3%; amikacin: 19.2%, and ciprofloxacin: 21.6%. Nosocomial infections in P. aeruginosa are responsible for important morbidity and mortality rates, the survey of resistance to antibiotics is necessary for an efficient treatment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In the post- Haemophilus influenzae serotype b (Hib) vaccine era, invasive H. influenzae serotype a (Hia) disease emerged in Canadian First Nation, Inuit, and Alaskan Indigenous populations. Previous studies by our group found a high incidence of invasive Hia disease in northwestern Ontario. We retrospectively reviewed 24 cases (4 pediatric and 20 adult) of invasive H. influenzae disease hospitalized at the northwestern Ontario regional hospital between August 2011 and June 2018. The objectives were to further document the changing epidemiology of invasive H. influenzae disease in the region and to discuss potential control measures. Twenty-two H. influenzae isolates were serotyped and characterized using molecular-biological methods. Of the serotyped cases, there were 2 Hib, 9 Hia, and 11 non-typeable (NTHi). All Hia isolates belonged to the most common sequence types (ST) found in Canada (ST-23 and ST-929); 8 out of 9 were pan susceptible to antibiotics. One (11%) of 9 Hia and 5 (45%) of 11 NTHi cases were fatal. Our data on the consistent presence of serious invasive H. influenzae disease, with 41% prevalence of Hia (9 out of 22 serotyped isolates) and 50% prevalence of NTHi strains (11 out of 22), emphasize the importance of continued surveillance of H. influenzae in the post-Hib vaccine era and are critical information to inform potential vaccine development.

Purpose: To describe, in patients treated for infectious keratitis, the microorganisms identified and their antibiotic susceptibility over a period of 18 months., Method: Retrospective, descriptive, non-comparative study. Medical and biological data were extracted from the patients' file treated with strengthened antibiotic eye drops at Angers University Hospital between January 2015 and June 2016. The main elements noted were the bacteria involved and their susceptibility to antibiotics. Patients' visual acuity at the start and end of treatment was compared., Results: Forty-eight patients were included. Almost one bacterium was identified in 31 patients, totalling 43 pathogens of 24 different species. The most frequently found microorganisms were Gram-positive cocci (55.8%), including Staphylococcus Aureus (14.0%) and Epidermidis (14.0%). All Gram-negative bacilli amounted to 30.2% of the identified bacteria, including 9.3% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. None of the Gram-positive cocci were resistant to vancomycin and all Gram-negative bacilli were susceptible to ceftazidime and amikacin. Following treatment with at least one of the three antibiotic eye drops produced by our pharmacy (amikacin at 50mg/mL, ceftazidime at 50mg/mL and vancomycin at 25mg/mL), patients' visual acuity was significantly improved (P=0.043)., Conclusion: The study helped identify the bacterial ecology of patients admitted for infectious keratitis. Among the bacteria identified, none were found to be resistant to any of the three strengthened antibiotic eye drops produced by the hospital pharmacy. These eye drops allowed for a rapid and effective treatment of patients and the improvement of their visual acuity before even identifying the bacteria., (Copyright © 2017 Académie Nationale de Pharmacie. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)