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Copyright of Almujtamae: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat is the property of Universitas Djuanda and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack.), sengon (Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes), and teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) are some of the main fast-growing species in Indonesia. Limited research data on the physicochemical and thermo-mechanical properties of these wood species represents a significant drawback for their enhanced industrial utilization. This study aimed to evaluate the properties of these three kinds of wood according to their colour by applying the CIELab colour measuring system, chemical composition by Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Pyrolysis–gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) analyses, and the thermo-mechanical properties by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). The higher colour quantification (E*) value indicated brighter wood having higher carbohydrate and lower lignin content according to Py-GC/MS results. Besides, the colour may be attributed to the higher phenolic and extractive content. The order of woods from the highest to the lowest phenolic content was teak > sengon > sungkai. Meanwhile, DMA analysis revealed that sungkai had the highest storage modulus, followed by teak and sengon. The findings of this study suggested that the properties of wood could be predicted based on its colour appearance, which could be used in industrial applications for rapid identification of wood properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sengon (Falcataria falcata) is an economically important legume tree widely cultivated in community forests, especially in Java Island. However, attacks of gall rust disease by Uromycladium falcatariae is difficult to manage. Understanding sengon genes expressions when artificially infected with gall rust fungi can help unravel its resistance mechanisms. Total RNA was extracted from sengon seedlings samples inoculated with U. falcatariae fungi at 7, 21, and 35 days after inoculation (DAI) and from the control group. Total RNA sequencing was performed using the PCR-cDNA Sequencing protocol (SQK-PCB109) from Oxford Nanopore Technologies. The RNA-Seq obtained varies from 1.3 million to 1.9 million total reads. The assembled full-length transcript was constructed using the RATTLE program, resulting in 21,819 transcripts. The TransDecoder program used to define open reading frames (ORFs) generated 2,342 transcripts, of which 34.15% were 5′prime_partial, 8.15% were 3′prime_partial, 8.5% were internal, and 49.14% were complete. Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between resistant and susceptible seedlings, found that 1,013 genes that were up-regulated and 1,130 genes that were down-regulated in the resistant lines. The transcriptome data discussed in this article have been deposited in the DDBJ with accession number DRA015681.

Penelitian bertujuan mengevaluasi penampilan kambing PE pada beberapa level pemberian konsentrat berbasis daun Sengon, Lamtoro, Gamal. Pakan konsentrat (PK 16%) diformulasi menggunakan 30% daun Sengon, Lamtoro, Gamal (campuran 1:1:1). Penelitian menggunakan 20 ekor kambing PE jantan muda, kisaran bobot badan awal 23,99 sampai 30,24 kg, dirancang dalam rancangan acak kelompok 4 perlakuan 5 ulangan. Pakan basal diberikan ad libitum sesuai pemberian peternak. Perlakuan yang diuji meliputi: K0,75 = pemberian konsentrat 0,75%BB; K1,0 = pemberian konsentrat 1,00%BB; K1,25 = pemberian konsentrat 1,25%BB; K1,50 = pemberian konsentrat 1,50%BB. Semakin meningkat level pemberian pakan konsentrat, meningkatkan konsumsi total nutrien dan konsumsi nutrien tercerna (P

Initial evaluation of phenotypic variability and genetic diversity was conducted on the progeny test of 2 years-old sengon from Solomon provenance, which derived from nine families of mother tree and were then planted in 4 blocks in the Cirangsad Experimental Forest. Phenotypic assessment on eight traits was conducted on 36 trees using a scoring system, while genetic diversity of 15 selected individuals which represented high and low-score phenotypic traits was analyzed using 5 selected RAPD primers. The result on phenotypic assessment showed that family 3 (57.25 points) has the highest average score of phenotypic quality and family 4 has the lowest average score (7.50 points). Furthermore, genetic analysis showed that the low-scoring sengon population had a greater mean genetic diversity (He = 0.2535) than the high-score population (He = 0.2345). The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed a significant genetic differences (p-value < 0.001) among high and low-score populations and the dendrogram of genetic distance revealed clustering of individuals having similar superior phenotypic against those having non-superior, indicating the selection based on phenotypes in this study had succeeded in pooling the good quantitative alleles in the selected population. This evaluation results can be used as a reference in determining the best families to produce superior sengon (from Solomon provenance) offspring in the future that have desired adaptability, productivity, and diversity.

The bio-oil produced from pyrolysis of woody biomass typically shows unfavourable characteristics such as high acidity, hence it becomes highly corrosive. An upgrading process, e.g., esterification, is necessary to improve the bio-oil quality prior to its use as a transportation fuel. In this work, the bio-oil was produced through a fast pyrolysis of Sengon wood in a fixed-bed pyrolyser at various temperatures. The characteristics (density, viscosity, total acid number, relative concentration of acetic acid, etc.) of the bio-oil were evaluated. The bio-oil with the highest acidity underwent an esterification catalysed by Indonesian natural zeolites at 70 oC for 0-180 min with a ratio of bio-oil to methanol of 1:3. The catalytic performance of the Indonesian natural zeolites during the esterification was investigated. A significant decrease in the total acid number in the bio-oil was observed, indicating the zeolite catalyst’s good performance. No significant coke formation (0.002-3.704 wt.%) was obtained during the esterification. An interesting phenomenon was observed; a significant decrease in the total acid number was found in the heating up of the bio-oil in the presence of the catalyst but in the absence of methanol. Possibly, other reactions catalysed by the Brønsted and Lewis acids at the zeolite catalyst surface also occurred during the esterification.

Kerusakan lingkungan di Indonesia semakin meningkat sebagai akibat terjadinya bencana banjir, tanah longsor dan kekeringan yang semakin meningkat. Berbagai upaya perbaikan kondisi DAS sudah dilakukan untuk mewujudkan keseimbangan lingkungan dan tata air DAS serta memberikan manfaat sosial ekonomi yang nyata bagi masyarakat. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, pemahaman dan kesadaran masyarakat terhadap kondisi lingkungan dan upaya pelestariannya; meningkatkan produktivitas lahan melalui pola agroforestri; dan meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat MDM Cangkringan. Metode yang digunakan adalah melalui pembangunan demplot partisipatif. Dalam hal ini masyarakat terlibat secara aktif sejak dari perencanaan sampai dengan pelaksanaan pembangunan demplot intensifikasi pada lahan tegalan oleh kelompok tani Maju Makmur. Hasil pengabdian dapat disimpulkan bahwa melalui sosialisasi kegiatan maka diperoleh adanya peningkatan pengetahuan, pemahaman dan kesadaran masyarakat terhadap kondisi lingkungan dan upaya pelestariannya. Dalam perencanaan partisipatif, diperoleh bahwa jenis yang dipilih adalah sengon karena memberikan keuntungan ganda yaitu aspek ekologi dan ekonomi. Peningkatan produktivitas lahan pekarangan dilakukan dengan metode yang ramah lingkungan dalam bentuk intensifikasi pekarangan melalui pola agroforestri. Pengembangan agroforestri dilakukan dengan membuat plot percontohan (demplot) oleh kelompok tani Maju Makmur. Selanjutnya, pengembangan agroforestri dapat memberikan hasil berupa berbagai jenis tanaman yang dibudidayakan oleh petani dan dapat dipanen secara berkelanjutan.

Bamboo is proven to provide multi-benefits from the aspects of production, ecology and socio-economic. However, bamboo is still not fully developed. People tend to replace bamboo with wood species which are considered to be more profitable, one of them is sengon. The purpose of this study was to analyze bamboo management practices carried out by farmers and compare between sengon and bamboo cultivation which is more financially profitable. Financial analysis conducted includes: Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). Analysis of market aspect and social aspect using the Market Analysis and Development (MA&D) method. The sensitivity analysis is carried out on the condition of fixed income while costs increase by 10% and 30% and fixed costs while income rises by 10% and 30%. The analysis included the analysis of market aspect and social aspect. The results of the financial analysis showed that the cultivation of petung bamboo with a spacing of 6x6 meters gave the highest yield with NPV value of IDR330.329.538, BCR 29.10 and IRR of 25.18%. Nevertheless; looking at market and social aspects, bamboo and sengon can be developed in agroforestry to ensure sustainability and continuity of income for farmers. Bamboo and sengon cultivation business is feasible to be conducted because the high demand which cannot be met from the existing sources.

The prioritized subwatersheds are comprised of seven subwatersheds that have been declared critical within the 52 subwatersheds in the Muria Mountains. An area of approximately 11,000 ha, the topography of the prioritized subwatersheds is wavy—the typical slope ranges from 25 to 45%—and susceptible to erosion. The purpose of this research was to evaluate agroforestry cropping patterns to support soil conservation and reclamation on critical lands. This study is a quantitative description of research conducted through survey. The results show that most of the researched area has Inceptisols soil type with sandy, clay, and loam textures. The nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, C-organic, and organic matter contents are relatively low while the vegetation Diversity Index is categorized as medium. Sengon trees dominate in the prioritized subwatersheds area, followed by mahogany, coffee, and teak with average Importance Values of 89.57, 60.24, 78.40, and 21.03, respectively. This research shows that an agroforestry system comprised of sengon trees and coffee is ideally applied in the prioritized subwatersheds. Coffee requires shade and reduces rain-induced erosion; sengon trees function as a shade while at the same time contributing to the soil as a source of nutrients. During rains, this combined agroforestry system is able to control surface runoff and soil erosion. A sengon/coffee-tree based agroforestry system is ecologically friendly and appropriate for development in the prioritized subwatersheds.

Perlakuan panas merupakan salah satu metode yang dapat meningkatkan kualitas kayu termasuk untuk kayu cepat tumbuh. Namun perlakuan tersebut dapat menyebabkan cacat pengeringan serta perubahan sifat pemesinan setelah perlakuan panas. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh variasi jenis kayu dan waktu pemanasan terhadap adanya cacat pengeringan dan pemesinan kayu cepat tumbuh. Jenis kayu cepat tumbuh yang digunakan adalah jati, mangium, jabon dan sengon. Perlakuan panas dilakukan pada suhu 165ºC dengan variasi waktu 0 jam (kontrol), 2 jam dan 6 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar air dan kerapatan kayu menurun setelah perlakuan panas. Perlakuan panas berhasil menurunkan kadar air 57% dan menyebabkan penurunan kerapatan kayu hingga 20% dibandingkan dengan kayu kontrolnya. Cacat pengeringan retak ujung pada jati, mangium, jabon dan sengon meningkat setelah perlakuan panas selama 2 dan 6 jam. Di sisi lain, cacat retak permukaan pada jati, mangium, sengon dan jabon berkurang. Cacat setelah menerapkan kegiatan pemesinan yaitu cacat pengamplasan, penyerutan, pembentukan, dan pengeboran menurun pada jati, mangium, jabon dan sengon setelah perlakuan panas 2 dan 6 jam. Jati adalah spesies kayu terbaik dalam hal kualitas pemesinan setelah perlakuan panas diikuti oleh jabon, mangium, dan sengon. Pada suhu 165°C dalam 2 jam dianggap sebagai waktu yang tepat untuk perlakuan panas dalam hal memperoleh cacat minimal pengeringan dan pemesinan.

Title: Planting Sengon by Afforestation in Sukoharjo Village, Tirtomoyo District, Wonogiri Regency. This service activities aimed at introduce the vegetative conservation methods for minimized erosion and conserve land resources by afforestation with sengon. This activity was in collaboration with two partners, namely: (1) "Ngudi Mulyo" and (2) "Ngudi Tani I" Farmers Groups located in Sukoharjo Village, Tirtomoyo, Wonogiri. The business fields developed by the two partners were dry land agriculture. The problem that the land was hilly and rolling and more degradated due to high erosion. In this program, farmers will be introduced with vegetative method to reduced erosion and preserved land resources by reforestation with sengon. Activities included: preparation (coordination), procurement of seeds, fertilizers, tools and socialization on vegetative soil conservation method to reduced erosion and preserve land resources by reforestation with sengon. After the socialization and giving of sengon seeds, monitoring was carried out related to planting and maintenance. The results of the program showed the enthusiasm of the community in participating both in socialization and planting of sengon seeds for reforestation

The bio-oil produced from pyrolysis of woody biomass typically shows unfavourable characteristics such as high acidity, hence it becomes highly corrosive. An upgrading process, e.g., esterification, is necessary to improve the bio-oil quality prior to its use as a transportation fuel. In this work, the bio-oil was produced through a fast pyrolysis of Sengon wood in a fixed-bed pyrolyser at various temperatures. The characteristics (density, viscosity, total acid number, relative concentration of acetic acid, etc.) of the bio-oil were evaluated. The bio-oil with the highest acidity underwent an esterification catalysed by Indonesian natural zeolites at 70°C for 0-180 min with a ratio of bio-oil to methanol of 1:3. The catalytic performance of the Indonesian natural zeolites during the esterification was investigated. A significant decrease in the total acid number in the bio-oil was observed, indicating the zeolite catalyst’s good performance. No significant coke formation (0.002-3.704 wt.%) was obtained during the esterification. An interesting phenomenon was observed; a significant decrease in the total acid number was found in the heating up of the bio-oil in the presence of the catalyst but in the absence of methanol. Possibly, other reactions catalysed by the Brønsted and Lewis acids at the zeolite catalyst surface also occurred during the esterification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2013, The Ministry of Forestry revealed that the need for wood as material for construction was always increasing. In order to find the innovations regarding timber structure, this study was conducted to discover the flexural strength of gelam and sengon based on SNI 03-3959-1995. Also, specimens which 50 mm in depth, 50 mm in height and 760 mm in length were tested using two point loading method based on ASTM D-198. This research showed that the average flexural strength of gelam is 100.13 Mpa which is greater than sengon (82.62 Mpa). Furthermore, as simple truss structure, simulation indicated that gelam and sengon are still capable in resisting moment generated from service load.

This study aims to determine the climatic conditions that occur at Sengon cultivation sites and determine the standing potential number of trees, base area, and volume of sengon stands in community plantation forests that follow the people's seed garden program. Data collection is carried out in August to November 2018. The location of this village is at the coordinates of 04° 5'12 '' - 04°3'15'' LS and 122° 24'00'' - 122° 23'00'' BT and at altitude of 108 m above sea level. The population in this study is the sengon stand with an area of 5.8 ha. The sample area is determined with an intensity of 6.2% and the area of 1 plot is 0.04 ha, so the number of plots is 9 units. The results showed that 1) climatic conditions in the study location are classified as type B climate or wet (Schmidth-Ferguson method) including the category of tropical rain forests with an average number of wet months (BB) 9.2 and dry months (BK) 1.5 with a Q value of 0.16. Average annual rainfall is 2 662.6 mm, the monthly average rainfall of the highest in May was 347.4 mm with an average number of  rainy days by 22.5 days and the lowest in September was 83.0 mm with an average rainy day of 11 days, while the longest rainy day occurred in April during 22.6 days with rainfall reaching 262.1 mm and the fastest occurred in October for 10.3 days with rainfall reaching 101.7 mm. The average annual temperature is around 230C with an 320C, with the lowest monthly average of 25.3oC (August) - 28.1oC (December). This fact indicates that the climatic conditions in Jati Bali Village South Konawe District are suitable for the development of sengon plants. 2) the potential of sengon stands in the village of Jati Bali South Konawe Regency, namely the number of trees 866 btgha-1, base area of 9.76 m2ha-1, volume of stands of 94.15 m3ha-1.   Â

The global economic crisis that hit the world turned out to cause a decline in exports. Therefore, in need of creative industries in raw materials production process and marketing. One of the creative efforts is the selection of wood raw materials for the industry is by using environmentally friendly wood species because it can reduce global warming. Still, the selling value of products in the export market is very high. The study design used a complete randomised design with an advanced Tukey test based on one factor, which is the types of wood that are Sengon, Waru Gunung, and Johar wood. The parameters observed are specific gravity, wood colour, adhesive strength, and formaldehyde emissions. The results showed that are Sengon, Waru Gunung, and Johar wood have different specific gravity, wood colour, and formaldehyde emissions. The average density of Sengon wood is 0.236, Waru Gunung wood is 0.570, and Johar wood is 0.654. The adhesive strength of Sengon wood 41.948 kg/cm2, Waru Gunung wood is 45.555 kg/cm2, and Johar wood 54.040 kg/cm2. Besides, the formaldehyde emissions for Sengon wood is 0.575 ppm (0.575 x10-3 ug/ml), Waru Gunung wood 0.462 ppm, and Johar wood 0.473 ppm. The higher the wood specific gravity, it will result in the wood colour and lower formaldehyde emissions. Wood with medium to high density (Waru Gunung and Johar) acknowledged as the environmentally friendly woods, and it can be used as raw material for creative industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sengon (Falcataria moluccana Miq.) is one of the fastest growing wood that is broadly planted in Indonesia. Sengon wood has inferior wood properties, such as a low density and dimensional stability. Therefore, sengon wood requires a method to improve its wood quality through wood modification. One type of wood modification is wood impregnation. On the other hand, Betung Bamboo leaves are considered as waste. Betung Bamboo leaves contain silica. Based on several researches, nano-SiO2 could improve fast-growing wood qualities. According to its perfect solubility in water, monoethylene glycol (MEG) is used in the study. The objectives are to evaluate the impregnation treatment (MEG and nano-silica originated from betung bamboo leaves) in regard to the dimensional stability and density of 5-year-old sengon wood and to characterize the treated sengon wood. MEG, MNano-Silica 0.5%, MNano-Silica 0.75%, and MNano-Silica 1% were used as impregnation solutions. The impregnation method was started with 0.5 bar of vacuum for 60 min, followed by 2.5 bar of pressure for 120 min. The dimensional stability, density, and characterization of the samples were studied through the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results show that the treatment had a significant effect on the dimensional stability and density of sengon wood. Alterations in the morphology of treated sengon wood were observed through the full coverage of the pits on the vessel walls (SEM analysis results) and the detection of ethylene (FTIR analysis results) and silica (XRD and FTIR analysis results). Overall, the 0.75% MNano-Silica treatment was the most optimal treatment for increasing the dimensional stability and density of 5-year-old sengon wood.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji pengaruh lama aktivasi terhadap perubahan struktur kimia dan mutu arang aktif. Arang aktif dibuat di dalam retor baja tahan karat yang dilengkapi dengan pemanas listrik pada suhu 850ºC dengan lama waktu reaksi 30, 60, 90 dan 120 menit dengan menggunakan uap air sebagai bahan pengaktif. Evaluasi strukur kimia arang aktif dilakukan dengan menggunakan spektrofotometri inframerah (FTIR), X-ray difraksi (XRD) dan elektron mikroskop (SEM). Mutu arang aktif terbaik dihasilkan pada arang yang diaktivasi selama 90 menit. Rendemen yang dihasilkan sebesar 13,75%, kadar air 3,03%, abu 23,57% zat terbang 11,12%, karbon terikat 65,31%. Daya serap terhadap iodin sebesar 1003,9 mg/g, benzena 19,10%, formaldehida 40,55% dan metilina biru 282,19 mg/g. Mutu arang aktif yang dihasilkan ini, terutama apabila dilihat dari besarnya daya serap terhadap iodin dan metilina biru memenuhi persyaratan Standar Indonesia. Hasil pengkajian struktur arang aktif dengan menggunakan XRD menunjukkan tinggi (Le) dan jumlah (N) lapisan aromatik meningkat dengan makin lamanya waktu aktivasi, sedangkan lebar (La) lapisan aromatik dan kristalinitasnya (X) menurun dengan jarak antar lapisan (d) stabil. Hasil analisis FTIR menunjukkan bahwa permukaan arang aktif mengandung ikatan C-0 dan C-B, dan hasil analisis SEM menunjukkan jumlah dan diameter pori meningkat dengan makin lamanya waktu aktivasi dan didominasi oleh makropori.

Papan blok (5 lapis) sekala laboratorium dibuat dari kayu sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) dan kayu tusan (Pinus merkusii) yang direkat dengan perekat urea formaldehida. Venir luar dan bilah inti papan blok terbuat dari kayu sengon sedangkan venir silang terbuat dari kayu tusam. Tebal venir luar 2 mm sedangkan tebal venir silang 3 mm. Ukuran bilah inti terdiri dari dua dan 3 macam lebar ( 0,7, 2,5 dan 7,6 cm). Sifat papan blok diuji menurut Standar Indonesia (SNI) meliputi kadar air, kerapatan, keteguhan rekat dan delaminasi. Pengujian keteguhan lentur papan blok dilakukan menurut Standar Jerman (DIN) sedangkan pengujian pengembangan dimensi papan blok dilakukan menurut Standar Amerika (ASTM). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh ukuran bilah inti terhadap sifat papan blok sengon dengan venir silang kayu tusam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar air rata-rata papan blok adalah 12% sedangkan kerapatan rata-rata papan blok adalah 0,42 g/cm3. Lebar bilah inti berpengaruh terhadap pengembangan tebal dan pengembangan lebar papan blok. Tebal bilah inti berpengaruh terhadap pengembangan lebar papan blok tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap pengembangan tebal dan pengembangan panjang papan blok. Keteguhan rekat papan blok yang diuji berdasarkan uji geser tarik dan uji delaminasi memenuhi persyaratan Standar Indonesia (SNI). Penggunaan venir silang kayu tusam dalam pembuatan papan blok sengon meningkatkan keteguhan lentur sebesar 6,2% pada arah sejajar serat dan 18,6% pada arah tegak lurus serat. Keteguhan lentur sejajar serat papan blok sengon yang dibuat dengan menggunakan venir silang kayu tusam semuanya memenuhi persyaratan Standar Jerman (DIN).

The characterization of activated charcoal from steam activation of sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) wood is reported in this paper. The purpose of this investigation was to study the influences of temperature and concentration of chemical activator on the activated charcoal yield and its quality. The activated charcoal was produced in a stainless steel retort with electrical heater at the temperature of 7000C, 8000C and 9000C and for activation used NH4HCO3 with its consentration 0,5; 1,0; 3,0; 5,0 and 10% respectively. The best quality of the activated charcoal produced when the activation temperature was 9000C with the NH4HCO3 1,0 %. The yield of activated charcoal was 5,90%, moisturecontent 6,39 %, ash content 9,15 %, volatile matter 8,81 %, fixed carbon 82,04 %. Adsorptive capacity of iodine was 1154,4 mg/g, NH3 25,08 %, CHCl3 42,28 %, CCl4 51,74 %, benzene 49,10% and methylene blue 138,80 - 319,00 mg/g. Surface area was 1143,7 m2/g. The most abundance of particle size was 4,00 - 5,65 micron and pore volume 16,00 - 22,62 micron. High and diameter pore was 37,49 and 22,52 micron.

Pemanfaatan kayu rakyat oleh Industri pengolahan kayu di Sukabumi adalah untuk peti kemas, palet, mebel, gulungan kabel serta bahan bangunan. Kebutuhan bahan per bulan untuk semua produk adalah 1.313,7 m3. Jenis kayu yang digunakan adalali 70% sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria), 30% kayu rakyat lainnya. Pemanfaatan terbesar adalah untuk memproduksi peti kemas (43%). Rata-rata rendemen adalah 67,2%. Nilai tamban untuk setiap m3 bahan baku adalah sebesar Rp 58.231,- setara dengan 83,2% dari harga bahan baku. Tambahan biaya pengolahan adalah sebesar Rp 197.611,- per m3 bahan baku. Tambahan laba industri pengolahan kayu rakyat adalah sebesar Rp 162.050,- per m3 bahan baku. Tambahan biaya pengolahan bagi pedagang kayu adalah Rp 6.038.400,- per bulan atau Rp. 46.737,62 per m3. Dengan total volume penjualan 129,2 m3 usaha perdagangan kayu memberikan tambahan keuntungan sebesar Rp 3.063.500,- atau Rp 23.711,30 per m3. Secara keseluruhan pemanfaatan kayu rakyat bagi industri dan pedagang kayu dapat memberikan tambahan keuntungan yang cukup tinggi sebesar Rp 185.761,30 per m3. Dengan potensi hutan rakyat yang cukup besar di wilayah Sukabumi masih dimungkinkan untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah pemanfaatan kayu rakyat melalui usaha penganekaragaman jenis produk.

Experimental study on Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) sawdust to produce activated charcoal for water traetment is reported in this paper. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of raw material and chemical on activated charcoal yield and quality. The result showed that the yield of activated charcoal range from 17,75 - 79,90 %, moisture content from 0,20- 8,85 %, ash content from 1,33 - 23,71 %, volatile matter from 1,14 - 7,22 % , fixed carbon from 72,01 - 86,88 % , adsorptive capacity of benzene from 3 ,04 - 15,85 %, sulphuric acid from 2,45 - 45,66 % and adsorptive capacity of iodine from 374,1 - 601,1 mg/g. Based on adsorptive capacity of iodine, good quality of activated charcoal was produced from Sengon sawdust soaked with Na2C03, this criteria has met commercial standard requirement of the American Water Works Assosiation. The quality of water after treatment with activated charcoal shows that the Fe3 + content range from 0,00 - 0,06 mg/l, Na+ from 42,92 - 81,41 mg/g, Mg2+ from 7,57 - 8,92 mg/l, Mn2+ from 0,00- 0,014 mg/l, Zn2+ from 0,00 - 0,011 mg/g, Ca2+ from 22,85 - 27,75 mg/l, NH4+ from 0,057 - 0,082 mg/l, Ct- from 22,91 - 28,93 mg/l, PO34 from 0,20 - 0,43 mg/l and SO24 .from 2,29- 4,98 mg/l.

Propinsi Jawa Barat merupakan wilayah pilot proyek pengembangan hutan rakyat khusus kayu sengon, dan dikembangkan masyarakat secara tradisional. Beberapa kendala yang dihadapi petani hutan rakyat antara lain, luas lahan masih terbatas 67% dari jumlah responden memiliki lahan kurang dari satu hektar, tingkat pengetahuan yang rendah serta motivasi penduduk untuk membangun hutan rakyat masih kurang, Rata-rata pendapatan petani adalah Rp 3.356.590,- per tahun dengan distribusi sumber pendapatan dari kayu 13,3%, tumpang sari 4,9%, kebun 20% dan sawah 7,7%. Penghasilan petani rata-rata masih dibawah standar KFM wilayah Jawa Barat. Tingkat hidup masyarakat dapat dikelompokan sebagai petani yang berada di sekitar garis kemiskinan.

This paper reported the result of chemical analysis from sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) and rubber wood (Hevea brasiliensis) with several age groups. The analysis comprise of the determination of holocellulose, cellulose, lignin, pentosan, ash content, silica content and the solubility in cold water, hot water, one percent of sodium hydroxide and alcohol benzene ex-tractives. These analysis were conducted to determine their basic characteristics and ultimate uses of the wood. The result showed that holocellulose content ranges from 66,46 - 70,90 % , cellulose from 46,62 - 49,88 %, lignin from 29,10 - 33,54 %, pentosan from 15,51 - 17,80 %, ash content from 0,45 - 1,25 %, silica content from 0,24 - 0,52 %, The solubility in cold water ranges from 3,12 - 5,40 %, hot water from 3,89 - 5,65 %, in NaOH 1 % from 13,06 - 16,06 % and in alcohol benzena (1:2)from 2,06 - 4,43 %. . Based on chemical analysis, especially the cellulose, lignin and pentosan content sengon and rubber wood are suitable as raw material for pulp and paper industry, except for 20 years old rubber wood.

Sengon ( Falcataria falcata ) is an economically important legume tree widely cultivated in community forests, especially in Java Island. However, attacks of gall rust disease by Uromycladium falcatariae is difficult to manage. Understanding sengon genes expressions when artificially infected with gall rust fungi can help unravel its resistance mechanisms. Total RNA was extracted from sengon seedlings samples inoculated with U. falcatariae fungi at 7, 21, and 35 days after inoculation (DAI) and from the control group. Total RNA sequencing was performed using the PCR-cDNA Sequencing protocol (SQK-PCB109) from Oxford Nanopore Technologies. The RNA-Seq obtained varies from 1.3 million to 1.9 million total reads. The assembled full-length transcript was constructed using the RATTLE program, resulting in 21,819 transcripts. The TransDecoder program used to define open reading frames (ORFs) generated 2,342 transcripts, of which 34.15% were 5'prime&#95;partial, 8.15% were 3'prime&#95;partial, 8.5% were internal, and 49.14% were complete. Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between resistant and susceptible seedlings, found that 1,013 genes that were up-regulated and 1,130 genes that were down-regulated in the resistant lines. The transcriptome data discussed in this article have been deposited in the DDBJ with accession number DRA015681., (© 2023 The Authors.)

The wood processing industry produces a significant amount of wood waste. Biomass valorization through pyrolysis has the potential to increase the added value of wood wastes. Pyrolysis is an important thermochemical process that can produce solid, liquid, and gas products. This paper aims to review the pyrolysis of wood wastes from Indonesia, including teak wood (Tectona grandis), meranti (Shorea sp.), sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria (L) Nielsen), and rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis). The review is based on an in-depth study of reliable literatures, statistical data from government agencies, and direct field observations. The results showed that pyrolysis could be a suitable process to increase the added value of wood waste. Currently, slow pyrolysis is the most feasible for Indonesia, with the main product of charcoal. The efficiency of the slow pyrolysis process can be increased by harvesting also liquid and gaseous products. The use of the main product of pyrolysis in the form of charcoal needs to be developed and diversified. Charcoal is not only used for fuel purposes but also as a potential soil improvement agent.

The objective of the study was to determine the effect of various layer compositions on the properties of 3-layer vertically glued laminated bamboo beam (LBB). Bamboo strips for LBB fabrication were prepared from mature culms (± 4 years old) of andong bamboo (Gigantochloa pseudoarundinacea (Steud.) Widjaja) collected from private gardens in West Java. The strips were pre-treated by soaking them in 7% boron solution for four hours. Three-layer LBBs were manufactured with six different layer compositions, including bamboo combination with wood planks of manii (Maesopsis eminii Engl.) or sengon (Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes) as the core layer. The LBB was manufactured using Water Based Polymer-Isocyanate (WBPI) adhesive. The glue spread and cold pressing time applied were 250 g/m2 and one hour, respectively. Results showed that the average density, moisture content, thickness swelling, and width expansion of LBB were 0.65 g/cm3; 11.1%; 2.09%; and 1.99%, respectively. No delamination occurred in all samples using WBPI adhesive, which indicates high bonding quality. The average bonding strength and percentage bamboo failure (dry test) of LBB were 61.6 kg/cm2 and 90%, respectively. The physical and mechanical properties of LBB were significantly affected by the layer composition. The presence of wood laminates as the core layer of LBB and the cross wide orientation of the core layer decreased mechanical properties of LBB. On the contrary, the presence of cross-layer in LBB structure increased dimensional stability of the produced LBB.Three-layer thick laminated bamboo beam made of vertically glued andong bamboo strips with various constituted layer composition and all constitued layers laminated together in parallel grain direction had strength values comparable to those of class II of solid wood strength, eventhough the core layer was made of sengon or manii planks.

Limbah center log kayu sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen) baru dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku untuk tanur pengering. Limbah center log kayu sengon mempunyai kelebihan-kelebihan sehingga berpotensi untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan nilai jual center log kayu sengon sebagai komponen aksesoris interior, dengan teknologi yang paling efektif dan efisien. Tahap eksperimen peningkatan nilai jual produk difokuskan pada eksperimen peningkatan nilai dekoratif melalui (1) pengembangan desain; (2) percobaan pengaplikasian ragam hias ukiran kayu dengan alat pahat ukiran Jepara dan pisau serut (cutter); (3) upaya peningkaan nilai karakteristik tekstur yang menonjol, dan (4) eksplorasi pewarnaan center log kayu dengan pewarna baik, Bahan berbasis air dan thinner baik transparan atau non-transparan. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa produk dengan teknik ukir kayu dengan alat penyerut kayu (cutter) menghasilkan ukiran yang lebih baik dan waktu pengerjaan dengan pahat cutter lebih cepat dua kali lipat dibandingkan dengan menggunakan ukir. Dalam uji pasar Sembilan prototipe produk ini dinilai cukup digemari dan juga mampu meraih pembeli yang lebih luas dari target pasar yang ditentukan. Kata Kunci: sengon, limbah kayu lapis, desain, finishing kayu, produk interior

Community plantation forest (CPF) has not well developed nationally. The objectives of the study are: 1) to explain the development of CPF inWest Nusa Tenggara Province, 2) to estimate CPF wood price in NTB and 3) to compare the estimation results for finding the right wood price estimation. The results of study indicated that this province has obtained the utilization business permit of CPF with area of 4,396 ha and has been realized around 1,665.81 ha or 38%. The price calculation of sengon (Paraserianthes falcaria) using methods of stumpage price, market price and social price respectively found: 1) stumpage price of IDR 164,593 per m , 2) market price of IDR 400,000 per m and 3) social price/parity of IDR 275,000 per m . Its price range can be used as basic price offering from CPF farmer.Nevertheles, the estimation method of CPF wood price derived from the modified price determination of fresh fruit bunches of palm oil is more oriented to win-win solutions for both sellers and buyers.

The commercial opportunities for sengon (Paraserianthes falcatariaL. Nielsen) are expanding rapidly in Indonesia, but there remains a lack of supply for the processing industry of the desired volume and quality of timber for processing from this fast-grown tree. This article discusses recent analysis of the value chain of sengon in Indonesia to determine (i) who the stakeholders were and how each added value, and (ii) how the benefits were distributed among stakeholders. Information was collected from a mix of farmers (as tree growers) and other actors involved in the value chain. The research revealed two broad types of value chains for sengon–‘direct’ and ‘traditional’, with the potential increased income for farmers being as high as 35% when they use the direct approach, compared to the traditional approach. As expected, the further ‘downstream’ the position of the stakeholder in the value chain, the greater the monetary value added to the sengon timber and subsequent products. If farmers were to acquire a greater understanding of the market dynamics for sengon, they could better target the sale of their forest products to specific market segments and make forestry a more profitable enterprise. While village traders in the traditional value chain play an important role connecting small-scale tree growers to commercial markets, the sustained viability of their role is uncertain if more farmers adopt the ‘direct’ approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present study was to examine the growth responses of Acacia mangium (mangium) and Paraserianthes falcataria (sengon) seedlings growing on different soil origin under nursery condition. This study was started in September 2012 and terminated in March 2013. The seedlings were grown from seeds sown in a plastic box filled with sterilized sands. One week after sowing, the seedlings were transplanted into polybags contained sterilized soils originated from secondary forest, Imperata cylindrica grassland and ex-coal mining. The number of all seedlings were 180 seedlings consisted of 3 different soils, 2 species of seedlings with 10 seedlings replicated 3 times. Assessment was conducted one week after transplanting, then subsequently monitored every 2 weeks, except dry weighing and counting nodules were performed at the end of the study. A completely randomized design was used in this study. The data was analyzed using Costat software. The study resulted that the different of soil origin influenced on all growth variables of mangium and sengon of 4.5 months old. The survival rate of seedlings, height and diameter increments, dry weight and root nodules were better in both species of seedlings growing on soil originated from secondary forest and Imperata grassland compared with the soil from ex-coal mining. But the survival rates of sengon seedlings were higher than that of mangium on these three soils. The highest dry weight of sengon seedlings was achieved on soil originated from secondary forest. In the present study, soil originated from secondary forest increased more in weight of shoot than root, so that the shoot-root ratio was unbalanced more than one. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that soil from secondary forest and Imperata grassland can be used as growing media for mangium and sengon seedlings in the nursery.

Information about genetic variation of Ganoderma spp. As a cause of rot disease on plantation crops is necessary for consideration in efforts to protect crops. Exploration of the use of biological agents, especially Trichoderma spp., For the control of Ganoderma on forestry crops is still limited to laboratory testing. Its effectiveness to control Trichoderma spp. To protect plants in the nursery sengon being carried out, as well as to determine its role in improving plant growth

Genotype identification of Sengon (Paraseriathes falcataria (L.) Nielsen needs accurate and reliable method for identification. Sixteen individuals of P. falcataria from Okinawa, Japan were used as materials for selecting polymorphic RAPD fragments and for developing SCAR marker whereas confirmation of polymorphisms of the SCARs was conducted using 24 materials from Candiroto Seed Orchard, Indonesia. Forty-eight polymorphic fragments were obtained from screening in 288 RAPD primers. Forty-six out of 48 SCAR primers were successfully developed. Examination of the newly-designed of SCAR primer using 24 P. falcataria from Candiroto Seed Orchard, Indonesia found 5 polymorphic SCAR primers. These five SCARs are considered as useful marker for genotype and clone identification within P. falcataria.

Pasokan kayu dewasa ini umumnya berkualitas rendah dan berukuran kecil. Hal ini menyulitkan dalam penggunaan kayu berukuran besar seperti pada struktur gelagar, pintu dan lain sebagainya. Aplikasi teknologi laminasi bisa digunakan dalam mengatasi masalah tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pengujian sifat fisik dan mekanik terhadap kayu lamina yang terbuat dari bilah kayu mangium dan sengon. Pengujian ini dimaksudkan mengevaluasi kemungkinan penggunaannya sebagai bahan baku kayu pertukangan dan kayu konstruksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan nilai kerapatan, MOE dan MOR kayu lamina campuran mangium dan sengon dengan susunan 6 lapis bentuk B1 mencapai nilai paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan bentuk lainnya yaitu berturut-turut 0,48 gram/cm3, 91.894 kg/cm2 dan 441 kg/cm2. Karakteristik ini memenuhi standar Jepang untuk penggunaan kayu lamina struktural dan dapat digunakan sebagai kayu pertukangan dan konstruksi ringan.

Sengon is a fast growing species that is cultivated widely in Indonesia. Lately, sengon is severely attacked by fungus Uromycladium tepperianum that causing gall rust disease. It is also known to attack various types of acacia. This study aims to determine the fungal infection process U. Tepperianum on sengon leaves and the possibility of infection on Acacia mangium in the laboratory trial. Leave samples and fungal pathogen teliospores obtained from Cangkringan, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Several approach procedures conducted to achieve these objectives were: (1) identification of diseased trees, (2) collecting samples of diseased leaves, branches, twigs, and stems, and (3) artificial inoculation and investigating the infection process of U. tepperianum teliospores in the laboratory. The results showed that the process of infection in sengon started by teliospores germination and germ tube formation. Successive germ tube forming penetration pegs. In the plant tissue, the penetration peg formed hypha and further developed into intracellular and intercellular hyphae. The artificial inoculation on A. mangium leaf surface showed few spores can germinate. However, none of them managed to penetrate.

The objective of the present study was to examine the growth responses of Acacia mangium (mangium) and Paraserianthes falcataria (sengon) seedlings growing on different soil origin under nursery condition. This study was started in September 2012 and terminated in March 2013. The seedlings were grown from seeds sown in a plastic box filled with sterilized sands. One week after sowing, the seedlings were transplanted into polybags contained sterilized soils originated from secondary forest, Imperata cylindrica grassland and ex-coal mining. The number of all seedlings were 180 seedlings consisted of 3 different soils, 2 species of seedlings with 10 seedlings replicated 3 times. Assessment was conducted one week after transplanting, then subsequently monitored every 2 weeks, except dry weighing and counting nodules were performed at the end of the study. A completely randomized design was used in this study. The data was analyzed using Costat software. The study resulted that the different of soil origin influenced on all growth variables of mangium and sengon of 4.5 months old. The survival rate of seedlings, height and diameter increments, dry weight and root nodules were better in both species of seedlings growing on soil originated from secondary forest and Imperata grassland compared with the soil from ex-coal mining. But the survival rates of sengon seedlings were higher than that of mangium on these three soils. The highest dry weight of sengon seedlings was achieved on soil originated from secondary forest. In the present study, soil originated from secondary forest increased more in weight of shoot than root, so that the shoot-root ratio was unbalanced more than one. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that soil from secondary forest and Imperata grassland can be used as growing media for mangium and sengon seedlings in the nursery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to find out the lead tolerance of sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) seedling based on growth performance, tolerance index, and ecretion and accumulation of organic acids content. Seedlings were exposed to lead (Pb) with the concentration of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 5, and 10 mM in liquid nutrient culture for 4 days in order to investigate secretion and accumulation of oxalic, malic, and citric content, and for 15 days to examine growth performance and olerance index. The result showed that tolerance index and growth performance of engon seedling were insignificant (p > 0.05) to the rising of Pb concentration up to 1.5 mM with tolerance index at least 95%, and even caused an increase of fresh weight. However, the tolerance index and growth of sengon decreased significantly due to Pb exposure of 5 and 10 mM. Among the three organic acids, citrate was most dominant as compared to malate and oxalate. Secretion of citrate increased significantly (p < 0.05) with the rising concentration of Pb 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mM, reaching to 0.464, 0.540, and 0.587 µg mℓ-1, respectively, or rising according linear line (r = 0.9, p < 0.5). Citrate accumulation showed inconsistent pattern with the rising Pb exposure. The result suggested that sengon seedling have a slightly tolerance to lead by secretion of organic acid especially citric acid.

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Anatomical parameters and density were measured for each segmented ring to investigate the juvenile and mature pattern of radial variation for each property of 7 years old Sengon ( Paraserienthes falcataria) and Jabon ( Anthocephalus cadamba). Observed patterns were described using three different models: (I) linearly increase or decrease, (II) exponential, (III) linearly equal to intercept. The pattern of radial variation showed in both of species, all properties in vessel elements (vessel frequency and mean vessel area), fiber length and density in Jabon had model II. Lumen diameter, cell wall thickness and density in Jabon had model I and also for fiber diameter of bottom part in both of species, diameter lumen of upper part Sengon and cell wall thickness of bottom part Sengon. Model III had found in fiber diameter of upper part in both species and lumen diameter of bottom part Sengon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]