9 results on '"seedlings establishment"'
Search Results
2. Effects of Grazing Intensity on the Regeneration of Woody Species in an Oak Woodland.
- Author
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LEMPESI, Aimilia, ELEFTHERIADOU, Alexia, DELIVASI, Zacharoula, PSYLLIDOU, Aikaterini, KORAKIS, Georgios, and KYRIAZOPOULOS, Apostolos P.
- Subjects
- *
OAK , *GRAZING , *SEEDLINGS , *SILVOPASTORAL systems - Abstract
In the Mediterranean regions, oak forests are commonly used for livestock grazing. However, it is well documented that livestock grazing is an essential factor that can affect the success of natural regeneration of oak and other woody species of the understorey. Consequently, it influences the composition and structure of oak woodlands. The main objective of the present study was to examine the effects of grazing intensity on characteristics of oak seedlings establishment (density, height, number of leaves) and on the diversity of the woody species seedlings. The research was conducted in open canopy Quercus frainetto woodland, grazed by a herd of 500 goats for eight months per year, located in Evros region, north-eastern Greece. The distance from a goat corral was used to represent relative grazing intensity. In May 2016, vegetation measurements were made along transects placed at 50, 150, 300, 600 and 1200 m from the goat corral, running perpendicular to four replicates. According to the results, increased grazing intensity significantly reduced the density, the plant height and the number of leaves of Quercus frainetto seedlings. Grazing intensity did not affect significantly diversity, evenness and dominance indices for the woody species seedlings. However, heavy grazing reduced species richness and the Chao1 index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Establishment of Desmoncus orthacanthos Martius (Arecaceae): effect of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizae
- Author
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José A Ramos-Zapata, Roger Orellana, and Edith B Allen
- Subjects
Micorriza arbuscular ,palmera tropical ,establecimiento de plántulas ,selva tropical ,cultivo de maíz abandonado ,acahual ,Arbuscular mycorrhizae ,tropical palm ,seedlings establishment ,tropical forest ,abandoned cornfield ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi has often promoted increased growth of plants but very little work has been done in the tropics to evaluate the effects of inoculation on the establishment and development of seedlings in forests. Desmoncus orthacanthos Martius is a scandent palm present both in early and late succession, and consequently can be used in restoration processes. A test was conducted to determine the effect of AM on the establishment of Desmoncus orthacanthos in tropical forest in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Thirty inoculated and 30 non-inoculated seedlings were introduced in two sites of different successional age, a mature forest and an eight-year old abandoned cornfield (acahual).Survival and growth parameters were evaluated after 12 months. Leaf area and phosphorus, but not height, were greater in inoculated than non-inoculated plants in the forest but not in the acahual. However, mycorrhizae had a clear effect on plant survival in both sites, with a threefold increase in survival of inoculated compared with non-inoculated plants bassed on an odds ratio. The results suggest that inoculation will be important to increase the establishment of this commercially important palm. Rev. Biol. Trop. 54(1): 65-72. Epub 2006 Mar 31.La inoculación con hongos micorrizógenos arbusculares (AM)promueve un incremento en el crecimiento de las plantas, sin embargo poco trabajo se ha realizado en los trópicos para evaluar el efecto de la inoculación en el proceso de establecimiento de plántulas. Desmoncus orthacanthos Martius es una palmera trepadora que se distribuye tanto en etapas tempranas y tardías de la sucesión, por lo tanto puede ser empleada en procesos de restauración. Se realizó una prueba de establecimiento de D. orthacanthos en una selva tropical de la península de Yucatán, México. Treinta plántulas inoculadas y 30 no inoculadas se establecieron en dos sitios con diferentes etapas sucesionales: selva madura y un campo abandonado de maíz (acahual). Después de 12 meses el valor de área foliar y contenido de fósforo fue mayor en el tratamiento con micorrizas en la selva pero no en el acahual, sin embargo, el tratamiento con micorrizas mostró un claro efecto en la supervivencia de las palmeras en ambos sitios con un incremento tres veces mayor en la probabilidad de supervivencia de palmeras inoculadas comparadas con las no inoculadas de acuerdo al análisis de razón de disparidad (odds ratio). La inoculación podría ser importante para incrementar el establecimiento de esta palmera.
- Published
- 2006
4. Tolerância de Himatanthus sucuuba Wood. (Apocynaceae) ao alagamento na Amazônia Central Tolerance of Himatanthus sucuuba Wood. (Apocynaceae) to the flooding regime in the Central Amazonian
- Author
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Cristiane Ferreira, Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade, Pia Parolin, and Keillah Mara Barbosa
- Subjects
anoxia ,hipoxia ,dispersão hidrocórica ,estabelecimento de plântulas ,hypoxia ,hydrochoric dispersal ,seedlings establishment ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Himatanthus sucuuba é uma espécie arbórea de reputado valor fitoterápico, que coloniza regiões de várzea e de terra firme na Amazônia Central. Objetivou-se verificar durante quatro meses, em casa de vegetação, a germinação e o desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas da espécie, oriundas de sementes dos dois diferentes ecossistemas. Não houve diferença significativa em relação ao peso de matéria seca de sementes da várzea e da terra firme. Entretanto, a taxa de germinação da espécie variou de acordo com o substrato e o local de procedência das sementes. No substrato areia+serragem (não-alagado) a germinação da espécie foi alta, independente do ambiente (várzea 94% e terra firme 91%). No substrato constituído apenas por água (alagado), as sementes provenientes da várzea tiveram a maior taxa de germinação (96%) e de formação de plântulas (84%), quando relacionadas às da terra firme, que apresentaram taxa de germinação de 64%, e nenhuma das sementes germinadas formou plântulas. Neste tratamento foi verificado o apodrecimento da radícula poucos dias após sua emissão, indicando que as sementes oriundas da várzea apresentam características adaptativas ao ambiente inundado em relação às da mesma espécie oriundas da terra firme.Himatanthus sucuuba is a tree species with known phytotherapic value which colonizes both white-water floodplains (várzea) and upland forests (terra firme) in Central Amazonian. The objective of this study was to compare germination and initial seedling development from seeds collected in both the ecosystems. There was no significant difference between dry seed mass, but in a four month period in a glasshouse in Manaus, Brazil, germination rate differed according to the substrate and origin of the seeds. In the substrate sand + sawdust (non-flooded) germination rate was high, independent of seed origin (várzea 94% and terra firme 91%). In the substrate constituted only by water (flooded), the seeds originating from várzea had a higher germination rate (96%) and seedling formation (84%) than those originating from terra firme which had a germination rate of 64% and none of the seeds formed seedlings. In this treatment, the radicles rot few days after their emission, indicating that the seeds originating from várzea present adaptive characteristics to the floodplain environment which are not present in seeds from terra firme.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Ericaceous dwarf shrubs affect ectomycorrhizal fungal community of the invasive Pinus strobus and native Pinus sylvestris in a pot experiment.
- Author
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Kohout, Petr, Sýkorová, Zuzana, Bahram, Mohammad, Hadincová, Věroslava, Albrechtová, Jana, Tedersoo, Leho, and Vohník, Martin
- Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between ericaceous understorey shrubs and the diversity and abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EcMF) associated with the invasive Pinus strobus and native Pinus sylvestris. Seedlings of both pines were grown in mesocosms and subjected to three treatments simulating different forest microhabitats: (a) grown in isolation and grown with (b) Vaccinium myrtillus or (c) Vaccinium vitis-idaea. Ericaceous plants did not act as a species pool of pine mycobionts and inhibited the ability of the potentially shared species Meliniomyces bicolor to form ectomycorrhizae. Similarly, Ericaceae significantly reduced the formation of Thelephora terrestris ectomycorrhizae in P. sylvestris. EcMF species composition in the mesocosms was strongly affected by both the host species and the presence of an ericaceous neighbour. When grown in isolation, P. strobus root tips were predominantly colonised by Wilcoxina mikolae, whereas those of P. sylvestris were more commonly colonised by Suillus and Rhizopogon spp. Interestingly, these differences were less evident ( Suillus + Rhizopogon spp.) or absent ( W. mikolae) when the pines were grown with Ericaceae. P. strobus exclusively associated with Rhizopogon salebrosus s.l., suggesting the presence of host specificity at the intrageneric level. Ericaceous plants had a positive effect on colonisation of P. strobus root tips by R. salebrosus s.l. This study demonstrates that the interaction of selective factors such as host species and presence of ericaceous plants may affect the realised niche of the ectomycorrhizal fungi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Characterization of the micro-site conditions from restored areas with different ages
- Author
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Gilvano Ebling Brondani, João Carlos Medeiros, Maria Isabel Ferreira Bertacchi, Pedro H. S. Brancalion, and Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues
- Subjects
Site of establishment ,Seedlings Establishment ,Sítio de estabelecimento ,Estabelecimento de plântulas ,lcsh:SD1-669.5 ,Forestry ,Biology ,lcsh:Forestry ,Humanities ,Restauração florestal ,Forest Restoration - Abstract
Os microssítios de regeneração são caracterizados por diversas combinações de atributos que representam condições que influenciam a germinação de sementes e o estabelecimento de plântulas. O conhecimento desses atributos pode contribuir para a determinação de metodologias adequadas de manejo, visando ao restabelecimento dos processos ecológicos nas áreas em processo de restauração. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar e diferenciar as condições físico-químicas de microssítios de regeneração de áreas em processo de restauração florestal, visando identificar possíveis limitações físicas e químicas ao estabelecimento de espécies arbóreas nativas no sub-bosque. O estudo foi desenvolvido em reflorestamentos de espécies nativas com diferentes idades (10, 22 e 55 anos). Foi realizada a avaliação do grau de compactação, porosidade, umidade, conteúdo de matéria orgânica e nutrientes e granulometria do solo, bem como a massa de matéria seca de serapilheira e a cobertura do dossel de cada área de estudo. Houve aumento da cobertura do dossel, da porosidade, da umidade, do conteúdo de argila, da matéria orgânica e de outros nutrientes, e uma diminuição da compactação do solo, com o aumento da idade da restauração. Assim, conclui-se que, com a evolução da restauração, as condições de microssítio de regeneração estão se assemelhando gradativamente às presentes nos ecossistemas de referência, sendo este um aspecto positivo para que o recrutamento de espécies nativas seja favorecido ao longo do tempo. Regeneration microsites are characterized by diverse combinations of attributes which assure the best conditions for seed germination and seedling establishment. By understanding these attributes, we can contribute to determining better management methodologies for reestablishing ecological process in sites under restoration. Thus, we sought to characterize and differentiate the micro-site conditions of restoration plantings to indentify likely physical-chemical limitations for the establishment of native tree species in the forest understory. This study was carried out in reforestation plantings with different ages (10, 22 and 55 years). The physical-chemical characterization of the micro-site of regeneration of the study areas was carried out by evaluating the soil compression level, porosity, humidity, organic matter and nutrients content and granulometry, as well as litter dry mass and canopy cover. An increase on the canopy cover and soil porosity, humidity, clay and organic matter content were observed in the oldest restored areas, as well as a decrease in soil compression. Thus, these findings demonstrated that the evaluated microsite properties are in process of restoration. Therefore, microsite conditions for seedling establishment become even more similar to reference ecosystems as restoration planting evolve.
- Published
- 2012
7. Regeneración por semillas en bosques nativos de Nothofagus antarctica bajo uso silvopastoril en Patagonia Sur, Argentina
- Author
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Bahamonde, Héctor A, Peri, Pablo L, Monelos, Lucas H, and Martínez Pastur, Guillermo
- Subjects
ñire ,seedlings establishment ,seed quality ,silvicultural management ,calidad de semillas ,instalación de plántulas ,manejo silvícola - Abstract
Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: i) evaluar la regeneración, desde el punto de vista de su producción y calidad de semillas, así como también de la instalación y supervivencia de plántulas, de dos rodales puros de Nothofagus antarctica (ñire, ñirre) bajo uso silvopastoril en distintas calidades de sitio en Patagonia Sur (51º S, Argentina); ii) comparar estos aspectos de la regeneración de ñire entre rodales bajo uso silvopastoril y bosque primario en similares condiciones geográficas y temporales. Para evaluar la producción de semillas, se usaron cuatro trampas de captura distribuidas espacialmente en cada sitio durante siete años (2004-2010), determinándose además tamaño, viabilidad y germinación. En cada sitio, se instalaron parcelas permanentes de muestreo para cuantificar la incorporación y supervivencia de plántulas. La producción de semillas en los rodales bajo uso silvopastoril varió desde 1 a 40 millones por hectárea, sin diferenciarse de la producción en bosques primarios aledaños de igual calidad de sitio. En los rodales bajo uso silvopastoril la calidad de las semillas varió entre clases de sitio algunos años, siendo mayor en el sitio de calidad inferior. Sin embargo, en general, no se encontraron diferencias entre bosques primarios y con uso silvopastoril. La instalación de plántulas se vio favorecida en los rodales con uso silvopastoril respecto a bosques primarios, no obstante, la supervivencia fue muy baja o nula en todas las situaciones. Se concluyó que en las situaciones estudiadas el uso silvopastoril de los bosques de ñire no modificó sustancialmente su regeneración por semillas respecto a bosques primarios. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of silvopastoral use in two pure stands of Nothofagus antarctica (ñire, ñirre) growing at two site qualities on the regeneration cycle from production and quality of seeds, and the establishment and mortality of seedling in Southern Patagonia (Argentina). To evaluate seed production four traps were distributed to capture the spatial variation of each stand during seven years (2004-2010). Also, seed viability and germination were evaluated. In each site, permanent sampling plots were used to measure seedling establishment and mortality. Seed production in stands under silvopastoral use varied from 1 to 40 million seeds ha-1, with no differences compared to seed production in surrounding primary forests of the same site quality. Stands under silvopastoral use showed that seed quality varied among sites being higher in the lower site quality. However, there was no difference in seed quality between silvopastoral use and primary forests stands. Seedling establishment was improved in the stands under silvopastoral use compared to primary forests, but mortality rate was high (or total) in all situations. We concluded that silvopastoral use of the studied stands did not modify substantially seed regeneration compared to primary forests.
- Published
- 2013
8. Tolerância de Himatanthus sucuuba Wood. (Apocynaceae) ao alagamento na Amazônia Central
- Author
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Keillah Mara Barbosa, Cristiane da Silva Ferreira, Pia Parolin, and Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade
- Subjects
geography ,Hydrochoric Dispersal ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Seedlings Establishment ,Floodplain ,biology ,Dispersão Hidrocórica ,Estabelecimento De Plântulas ,Himatanthus ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Substrate (marine biology) ,Horticulture ,Anoxia ,Germination ,Seedling ,visual_art ,Botany ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Radicle ,Ecosystem ,Hipoxia ,Sawdust ,Hypoxia - Abstract
Himatanthus sucuuba é uma espécie arbórea de reputado valor fitoterápico, que coloniza regiões de várzea e de terra firme na Amazônia Central. Objetivou-se verificar durante quatro meses, em casa de vegetação, a germinação e o desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas da espécie, oriundas de sementes dos dois diferentes ecossistemas. Não houve diferença significativa em relação ao peso de matéria seca de sementes da várzea e da terra firme. Entretanto, a taxa de germinação da espécie variou de acordo com o substrato e o local de procedência das sementes. No substrato areia+serragem (não-alagado) a germinação da espécie foi alta, independente do ambiente (várzea 94% e terra firme 91%). No substrato constituído apenas por água (alagado), as sementes provenientes da várzea tiveram a maior taxa de germinação (96%) e de formação de plântulas (84%), quando relacionadas às da terra firme, que apresentaram taxa de germinação de 64%, e nenhuma das sementes germinadas formou plântulas. Neste tratamento foi verificado o apodrecimento da radícula poucos dias após sua emissão, indicando que as sementes oriundas da várzea apresentam características adaptativas ao ambiente inundado em relação às da mesma espécie oriundas da terra firme. Himatanthus sucuuba is a tree species with known phytotherapic value which colonizes both white-water floodplains (várzea) and upland forests (terra firme) in Central Amazonian. The objective of this study was to compare germination and initial seedling development from seeds collected in both the ecosystems. There was no significant difference between dry seed mass, but in a four month period in a glasshouse in Manaus, Brazil, germination rate differed according to the substrate and origin of the seeds. In the substrate sand + sawdust (non-flooded) germination rate was high, independent of seed origin (várzea 94% and terra firme 91%). In the substrate constituted only by water (flooded), the seeds originating from várzea had a higher germination rate (96%) and seedling formation (84%) than those originating from terra firme which had a germination rate of 64% and none of the seeds formed seedlings. In this treatment, the radicles rot few days after their emission, indicating that the seeds originating from várzea present adaptive characteristics to the floodplain environment which are not present in seeds from terra firme.
- Published
- 2005
9. Establishment of Desmoncus orthacanthos Martius (Arecaceae): Effect of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizae
- Author
-
Edith B. Allen, José Ramos-Zapata, and Roger Orellana
- Subjects
tropical forest ,acahual ,Micorriza arbuscular ,Arecaceae ,Soil ,Mycorrhizae ,seedlings establishment ,Botany ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Desmoncus orthacanthos ,selva tropical ,abandoned cornfield ,palmera tropical ,biology ,Inoculation ,Arbuscular mycorrhizae ,Forestry ,tropical palm ,biology.organism_classification ,Tropical forest ,establecimiento de plántulas ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,Seedlings ,cultivo de maíz abandonado ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences - Abstract
Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi has often promoted increased growth of plants but very little work has been done in the tropics to evaluate the effects of inoculation on the establishment and development of seedlings in forests. Desmoncus orthacanthos Martius is a scandent palm present both in early and late succession, and consequently can be used in restoration processes. A test was conducted to determine the effect of AM on the establishment of Desmoncus orthacanthos in tropical forest in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Thirty inoculated and 30 non-inoculated seedlings were introduced in two sites of different successional age, a mature forest and an eight-year old abandoned cornfield (acahual).Survival and growth parameters were evaluated after 12 months. Leaf area and phosphorus, but not height, were greater in inoculated than non-inoculated plants in the forest but not in the acahual. However, mycorrhizae had a clear effect on plant survival in both sites, with a threefold increase in survival of inoculated compared with non-inoculated plants bassed on an odds ratio. The results suggest that inoculation will be important to increase the establishment of this commercially important palm. Rev. Biol. Trop. 54(1): 65-72. Epub 2006 Mar 31.La inoculación con hongos micorrizógenos arbusculares (AM)promueve un incremento en el crecimiento de las plantas, sin embargo poco trabajo se ha realizado en los trópicos para evaluar el efecto de la inoculación en el proceso de establecimiento de plántulas. Desmoncus orthacanthos Martius es una palmera trepadora que se distribuye tanto en etapas tempranas y tardías de la sucesión, por lo tanto puede ser empleada en procesos de restauración. Se realizó una prueba de establecimiento de D. orthacanthos en una selva tropical de la península de Yucatán, México. Treinta plántulas inoculadas y 30 no inoculadas se establecieron en dos sitios con diferentes etapas sucesionales: selva madura y un campo abandonado de maíz (acahual). Después de 12 meses el valor de área foliar y contenido de fósforo fue mayor en el tratamiento con micorrizas en la selva pero no en el acahual, sin embargo, el tratamiento con micorrizas mostró un claro efecto en la supervivencia de las palmeras en ambos sitios con un incremento tres veces mayor en la probabilidad de supervivencia de palmeras inoculadas comparadas con las no inoculadas de acuerdo al análisis de razón de disparidad (odds ratio). La inoculación podría ser importante para incrementar el establecimiento de esta palmera.
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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