Search

It is substantiated that at the present stage of development there is a significant scientific and practical interest in the development of innovative ecosystems, which is due to the importance and role of innovative ecosystems in ensuring the further socio-economic development of countries, their competitiveness and national security. The author's approaches to understanding the essence of the concept of "innovative ecosystem" are analyzed. Two main approaches to understanding the concept of "innovative ecosystem" that have developed in the scientific literature are identified. The links between the concepts of "innovative ecosystem", "innovative infrastructure" and "national innovative system" are analyzed, their common and distinctive features are determined. The author's approach to understanding the essence of the concept of "innovative ecosystem" is proposed. Existing approaches to understanding the life cycle, components and varieties of innovative ecosystems are analyzed and systematized. Approaches to determining the characteristics of security, markers of the effectiveness of innovative ecosystems are analyzed and summarized. A more representative indicator of the development of innovative ecosystems has been identified. A comparative analysis of the characteristics of the functioning and development of innovative ecosystems of the states-leaders of innovative development (top 15 states) was carried out: Switzerland, Sweden, the United Arab Emirates, Great Britain, the Republic of Korea, the Netherlands, Finland, Singapore, Denmark, Germany, France, China, Japan, Hong Kong, Israel. The markers of the effectiveness of innovative ecosystems and their security parameters are determined.

Актуалізовано сучасну концепцію безпекової діяльності економічних систем, яка полягає у формуванні безпекової стратегії суб’єкта господарювання, яка б не порушила ті безпекові параметри, що диктує зовнішнє середовище. Підкреслено, що рівень захищеності енергопостачання держави характеризується певною вразливістю до загроз і доведено, що стійкість загрозам притаманна підприємствам, так як можливість виконувати свої функції з енергозабезпечення для інших підприємств формує явище забезпечення енергетичної безпеки залежних суб’єктів господарювання. В процесі дослідження запропоновано використовувати такі безпекові параметри як економічний, енергетичний, екологічний та інформаційний і здійснено обґрунтування їх вибору та критеріїв їх оцінювання. Для кожного із виокремлених безпекових параметрів визначено ключові загрози з урахуванням галузевої специфіки. Безпеку підприємства розглянуто в контексті виокремлених параметрів. Відображено взаємодію безпеки суб’єкта господарювання та державної безпеки. Узагальнено основні заходи та напрями, які дозволять забезпечити ключові параметри безпечної діяльності нафтогазової галузі. Запропоновано на основі отриманих теоретичних напрацювань сформувати методику оцінювання рівня безпеки підприємств нафтогазової галузі. The modern concept of economic systems security activity has been updated, which consists in the formation of a business entity security strategy that would not violate the security parameters dictated by the external environment. It is emphasized that the level of the state's energy supply security is characterized by a certain vulnerability to threats, and it is proved that the resistance to threats is inherent in enterprises, since the ability to perform their functions of energy supply for other enterprises forms the phenomenon of ensuring the energy security of dependent economic entities. In the process of research, it is proposed to use such security parameters as economic, energy, ecological and informational, and the justification of their choice and their evaluation criteria is carried out. For each of the selected security parameters, key threats are defined taking into account the specifics of the industry. Enterprise security is considered in the context of selected parameters. The interaction of the security of the business entity and state security is reflected. The main measures and directions that will enable the key parameters of security operation in the oil and gas industry are summarized. It is proposed to form a methodology for assessing the level of security of oil and gas enterprises based on the obtained theoretical studies.

The security of the configuration of files in the Linux operating system depends on many factors that can be referenced to the system level and the applicable level. The most important thing about the security of Linux operating systems is its dynamism, for example, when you secure your Linux system, it will not stay safe forever, because applications and cyber criminals through new threats and/or new exploits that are packaged Systems or applications that cause the operating system to become unsafe, for this reason, we need a secure operating system. The main purpose of this article is to provide a new way to enhance the security of the Linux operating system. For this purpose, how can simple, continuous, and practical Linux environment be secured, solutions are presented, also based on performance analysis of the proposed method and evaluation parameters for existing systems against the proposed system, the superiority of this method is introduced.

The paper presents a structure of the hardware-software complex for investigating the wiretap channels of wire segments of local communication systems. In addition, it also presents new experimental data on the estimation of hiding and noise immunity of multimedia digital data transmission systems based on SHDSL technologies.

Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar novas estirpes de Lactobacillus gasseri isoladas de recém-nascidos saudáveis para potencial uso como probiótico em bancos de leite humano no Brasil. Este estudo foi dividido em três fases. Na primeira, realizou-se a caracterização genotípica das estirpes com a identificação dos isolados ao nivel de espécie e avaliação da diversidade genética entre eles). Caracterização fenotípica também foi realizada considerando os aspectos funcionais e de segurança recomendados pela FAO/OMS para a validação de novas culturas probióticas. Avaliou-se trinta estirpes isoladas de fezes de recém-nascidos quanto à resistência a antibióticos, atividade hemolítica, tolerância a sais biliares, presença de plasmídeos e antagonismo a patógenos Gram-positivos e Gram-negativos. Com base na diversidade genética (PFGE), resistência a antibióticos e perfil plasmidial, três estirpes (NCK2140, 2141 e 2142) foram selecionadas e avaliadas quanto à resistência ao suco gástrico e pancreático, capacidade de adesão à mucina, fibronectina, e às linhagens de células intestinais humanas, Caco-2 e HT-29. Na segunda fase, os quatro plasmídeos identificados na estirpe NCK2141 foram sequenciados pela técnica de shotgun, anotados por meio do GAMOLA® software e os genes resultantes foram identificados por meio do software Artemis®. Posteriormente, análises BLAST foram realizadas para confirmar as anotações in silico. Na terceira fase, avaliou-se a capacidade das estirpes selecionadas aderirem à fibronectina imobilizada e a influência dessa proteina sobre as caracteristicas probióticas da célula como, resposta ao estresse digestivo e habilidade de adesão. Os trinta isolados foram identificados como Lactobacillus gasseri por meio do sequenciamento do 16S rDNA, e vinte nove deles foram idênticos pela técnica de Eletroforese em Campo Pulsado (PFGE) utilizando-se as enzimas de restrição Sma I e Apa I. O isolado NCK2142 apresentou-se estritamente relacionado aos outros, diferindo-se apenas por uma única banda no gel. Todas as 30 estirpes não apresentaram atividade hemolítica e carreavam três plasmídeos, exceto a estirpe NCK2141, que apresentou um quarto plasmídeo, codificando um sistema de transporte que confere resistência à múltiplas drogas (lmrB). Essa mesma estirpe mostrou maior tolerância a bile (0.5%) e resistência a eritromicina, cefalotina e oxacilina. Todas as estirpes apresentaram antagonismo frente aos patógenos avaliados sendo a inibição assossiada apenas à produção de ácidos orgânicos. Os três isolados selecionados NCK2140, 2141 e 2142 foram resistentes ao suco gástrico e ao suco pancreático e apresentaram boa capacidade de adesão in vitro a mucina, fibronectina e às linhagens de células humanas do câncer de cólon, Caco-2 e HT-29. Os quatro plasmídeos identificados, pTRK1023, 1024, 1025 e 1026 apresentaram morfologia circular, replicação por mecanismo teta e 36, 7, 20 e 46 open reading frames (ORF), respectivamente. Os conteúdos de G+C foram consistentes com aqueles encontrados em outras estirpes de Lactobacillus (37 - 40%), exceto o pTRK1025 que foi de 44,57%. Algumas propriedades funcionais como, proteínas de ligação ao colágeno (pTRK1026), biossíntese de lantibióticos (pTRK1023) e transporte de carboidratos (pTRK1023 e pTRK1026) foram identificados nos plasmídeos, as quais podem promover vantagens competitivas para as células hospedeiras. Mecanismo de manutenção celular como, Sistema de Separação e Toxina-Antitoxina também foi observado, explicando a dificuldade de cura dos plasmídeos. O gene lmrB identificado no pTRK1024, é associado à resistência a alguns antibióticos, no entanto, o experimento de clonagem não confirmou a relação do mesmo com a maior resistencia à eritromicina, cefalotina e oxacilina apresentada pelo isolado NCK2141 carreador desse plasmideo. Por questões de segurança, essa estirpe não pode ser utilizada como um probiótico. Maior adesão in vitro foi observada à fibronectina quando as estirpes NCK2140, 2141 e 2142 foram cultivadas em ágar MRS e incubadas em condições de anaerobiose. Observou-se também que os mutantes fbp (NCK2147 e NCK2148) tiveram menor aderência à fibronectina imobilizada e à linhagem celular humana HT-29. A inativação do gene fbp não influenciou a susceptibilidade das estirpes recombinates ao suco gástrico. The objective of this study was to characterize Lactobacillus gasseri strains isolated from a healthy newborn infant for potential use as a probiotic in human milk banks in Brazil. This study was divided into three phases. The first examines the genotypic (identification at the species level and evaluation of genetic diversity among the isolates) and phenotypic characterization of the strains with regard to safety and functional properties currently recommended by FAO/WHO for validation of new probiotic strains. Thirty strains were isolated from breast fed newborn stools and were evaluated for resistance to antibiotics, hemolytic activity, bile tolerance, antagonism toward selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens and presence of plasmids. Based on the results from PFGE, antibiotic resistance and plasmid profiles, three strains (NCK2140, 2141 and 2142) were selected and evaluated for resistance to small intestine and gastric juices, ability to adhere to mucin, fibronectin, Caco-2 and HT-29 cell lines. In the second phase, the four plasmids identified in the strain NCK2141 were sequenced by the shotgun sequencing technique and were annotated by GAMOLA® software. The resulting genes and CDS designations were viewed using Artemis® software. BLAST was carried out for each designated gene to confirm and to refine the in silico annotations. In the third phase, the ability of the selected strains to adhere to fibronectin binding protein and the effect of growth conditions on the adhesion were examined. It was also investigated the functional role of this protein in the adhesion and stress response of the cell. In this study, all thirty isolates were identified as Lactobacillus gasseri through 16S rDNA sequencing. Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) using restriction enzymes Sma I and Apa I revealed that 29 of the L. gasseri were identical; one isolate (NCK2142) was closely related, but exhibited a distinctive DNA fingerprint. All 30 strains harbored 3 plasmids, with one strain (NCK2141) that showed strong tolerance to 0.5% of bile and harbored a unique fourth plasmid encoding a putative multidrug resistance transporter protein (lmrB). No hemolytic activity or antagonism, beyond acid inhibition was observed. The three selected strains NCK2140, 2141 and 2142 showed strong resistance to small intestinal and gastric juices, and adhered in vitro to mucin, fibronectin and two intestinal epithelial cell lines, Caco-2 and HT-29. The complete nucleotide sequence of the plasmids (pTRK1023, 1024, 1025, and 1026) revealed that they are circular and contain 36, 7, 20 and 46 open reading frames, respectively. All four plasmids are predicted to replicate by the theta mechanism, and have G+C contents consistent with those found in other lactobacilli strains (37-40%), with the exception of pTRK1025 (44.57%). The plasmids appear to encode functional properties, such as collagen binding (pTRK1026), lantibiotic biosynthesis (pTRK1023) and carbohydrate transport (pTRK1023 and pTRK1026) that may provide competitive advantages to the plasmid- carrying cells. Cell maintenance mechanisms (partitioning and TA system) were also observed, thus explaining the failure to cure these plasmids. Plasmid pTRK1024 harbored a putative lmrB gene, an ATP-binding cassette-type multidrug resistance transporter protein, which has been associated with clindamycin and lincomycin resistance. Cloning experiments did not correlate the erythromycin, cephalothin and oxacillin resistance of NCK2141 to LmrB. However, for safety reasons, strain NCK2141 should not be used as a probiotic. Significantly higher adherence to fibronectin was observed when the strains NCK2140, 2141 and 2142 were grown on MRS agar under anaerobic condition. It was also observed a reduction of in vitro adherence of fbp mutants (NCK2147 and NCK2148) to immobilized fibronectin and HT-29 intestinal epithelial cells. The inactivation of the fbp locus did not influence the gastric juice susceptibility of the mutant strains.

In the present study, there was performed a research of safety parameters of electrical devices, there were performed various measurements and calculations, comparisons of received results, considered problems, associated with these parameters. There was considered condition of equipment before and after repairs.. Proposed suggestions regarding installation of unconventional devices as well as calculating during the process of design, there was described a research of dependence of resistances of grounders on deepening in earth, performing measurements. Also, upon selection of calculation methodology, there were performed calculations of grounded resistances. The results of calculations were compared with the measured ones. There was touched on a subject of solution of some problems of grounder installation - i.e. installation of unconventional grounder. There was provided the method of installation of such grounder, peculiarities of its equipment. There were analysed results of measurement of screws, they were compared with the results of conventional grounders. There was developed the methodology of calculations of grounders and there was provided data of calculations as well as comparison with the measured ones. There was described application of this method as well as its benefit and advantages. There were considered peculiarities of results of measurement of resistances of transitive contacts, positioned in chemically aggressive environment. There was analysed the... [to full text]