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Focusing on constructions of food security in settler colonial contexts, this article demonstrates how its contemporary conceptualization is heir to long-standing schemes to reform Indigenous peoples and validate state projects. It highlights how discursive regimes of food security in the areas of health, conservation, and economics were conceived within frameworks that instruct Indigenous peoples as to correct behaviour, blame them for their misconduct, and ignore the role of settler states and populations in defining notions of right and wrong and in creating the conditions that promote and sustain those definitions. Ignorance, blame, and indoctrination are thus constitutive features of state interventions aimed at promoting Indigenous peoples’ food security. Using instructional publications directed at Inuit, the article demonstrates how, through the provision of services, and in the exercise of settler nation-building, Indigenous peoples have been subjected to programmes of indoctrination and ideological pacification whilst larger contexts of dispossession are bracketed out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• After exposed to ammonia environment below 1000 mL m−3 for 6 days, well-packaged boxed non-daily creams showed no ammonia residue. • Boxed non-daily creams with well packaging exposed to ammonia environment below 1000 mL m−3 for 6 days showed no color, odor, sensory evaluation, pH value, peroxide value, and benzo (α) pyren difference compared with the CK group at the same period. • After exposed to ammonia environment below 1000 mL m−3 for 6 days, well-packaged boxed non-daily creams had no food safety risk. Ammonia leakage in food cold storage have adverse impact on the quality of food, which may be related to ammonia concentration and exposure time, but there is a lack of data support. In this paper, the quality of boxed non-dairy cream exposed to ammonia environment (0 (CK), 100, 500, and 1000 mL m −³) at −18 °C for 6 day were evaluated. Results showed that no ammonia residue was detected in the boxed non-dairy cream exposed for 6 days. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the color value, odor, pH value, and sensory score of the non-dairy cream under the four ammonia groups during the same exposure time. And peroxide values was far below the standards limit, and benzo (α) pyrene content of all the cream groups were not detected The results indicated that all the boxed non-dairy cream in this experiment had no quality deterioration and food safety risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To thrive along the Mackenzie and Yukon rivers in the nineteenth century required expertise rooted in generations of living on the land, along with some good fortune. Arriving in greater numbers after mid-century, many fur traders and missionaries lacked the skills to sustain themselves and keep their hunger at bay. These failures, combined with a colonial focus on agriculture and its limits in the North, served to create a nineteenth-century culture of food insecurity. Where northern Indigenous stories about hunger reassured, protected, educated, and enriched, colonial stories about hunger often stoked fear and anxiety; they described northern places as impoverished and unreliable. This essay explores this early culture of food insecurity through stories told by Oblate missionaries about their failed hunts, conflicts between traders and missionaries over securing land for gardens, accounts of starvation, "fasting," and their interpretation, and the experience of one exceptionally hard winter (1888–89) which reinforced southern perceptions of the North as an intrinsically harsh environment and food-insecure place. The essay closes with an examination of the impacts of the whaling industry on caribou hunting among the Gwich'in and Inuvialuit to demonstrate how colonial extraction created new forms of food scarcity, foreshadowing the environmental impacts of twentieth-century resource exploitation. This article argues that food insecurity was both a cultural expression and ecological consequence of nineteenth-century colonialism in the North. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the effectiveness of public meetings for food security communication, that is, communication about the government’s rural food security enhancement programs and people’s participation in the Irob and Gulomekeda districts of eastern Tigray, Ethiopia. Ethnography was used as the research design, involving semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, participant observation, and document reviews. The results revealed that development experts and government representatives dominate public meetings and that the deep-rooted socio-economic problems of rural people are not adequately discussed. Although public meetings are conceived as venues to help people collectively discuss their priority concerns and identify solutions, they are criticized for not embracing people’s input in decision-making processes. Although representation is necessary for public meetings, rural food securityrelated programs in the Irob and Gulomekeda districts do not necessarily embrace public representation. Overall, people in both districts played a nominal role in decision-making domains. This study contributes to our understanding of the effectiveness and limitations of public meetings as a communication approach in rural development in areas with limited access to technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is challenging the agricultural sector globally and has undermined food security in some countries. Yemen is suffering catastrophic food insecurity attributed to climate change and war. To reduce this food insecurity, agriculture extension workers must facilitate climate-smart agriculture. Of 52 agricultural extension workers who took a climate-smart survey, most (97%) extension workers had observed climatic shifts, including rising temperatures and droughts, with 81% finding climate change a major threat to agriculture. A high percentage of (77%) agricultural extension workers surveyed reported never attending training workshops on climate change issues, receiving their information from different media, including agriculture research centers (72%), subject matter specialists (67%), and social media (60%). Major barriers to climate-smart extension programs that support sustainable food production for food security in Yemen include a lack of training of programs for extension workers concerning climate change issues, low competence regarding climate change adaptation issues, insufficient number of extension workers to serve farmers, and lack of coordination between extension services and agricultural research centers. Adaptation extension work was undertaken at a moderate level by 61% of respondents, with over half (67%) complaining about having few resources for climate change adaptation programming (67%). Further programming and resources are needed for agricultural extension workers to help farmers combat climate change, food security and malnutrition in Yemen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recognizing that limited literature exists regarding food programs in northern Indigenous communities within Canada, this study draws on a range of sources to map and characterize existing food programs in these contexts. A secondary aim assessed the extent to which traditional food was offered through the identified programs, which has implications for cultural appropriateness and, in turn, food sovereignty. Peer‐reviewed articles and grey literature published between 2000 and 2022 were examined. Frameworks to guide methodologies include PRISMA‐ScR, Arksey and O'Malley, Levac et al., and Godin et al.'s grey literature search strategy. Inclusion criteria were food programs located north of the Northern Boundary Line, programs providing food access, and programs serving Indigenous communities. Data were synthesized based on program type, target population, and whether the program offered or incorporated traditional food. The review yielded 30 records wherein 46 unique food programs were identified and characterized into eight distinct program types. Program success of the identified programs depended on funding availability and continuity, staff/volunteer availability and retention (including program champions), and types of policies that impact traditional food provision. Findings are valuable to organizations and communities interested in using food programs to support Indigenous food security and sovereignty efforts. Key messages: The results identified eight distinct types of food programs: 1) community‐wide; 2) gardens/greenhouses; 3) school‐based; 4) harvesting/sharing; 5) community freezers; 6) daycare‐based; 7) maternal/family nutrition; and 8) hospital.The ability of programs that serve diverse populations across large regions to respond to community and Indigenous‐specific needs is questionable; therefore, community‐based programming should be prioritized.Current challenges that limit the ability of food programs to meet community needs include tedious grant applications, limited resources, and navigating multi‐level government policies for serving traditional food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Societe et Environnement is the property of Les Presses Agronomiques de Gembloux and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Context and background African countries have undertaken vast and increasingly ambitious initiatives in recent years to promote land registration in order to secure land tenure and ownership rights. In theory, recognition of property rights should boost agricultural productivity and food security. However, empirical evidence of the link between land security, agricultural productivity and the food security of households remains ambiguous Goal and Objectives: It is against this backdrop that this research aims to study the effect of land tenure security on agricultural productivity and food security of farm households, based on evidence from Togo, and then by extension to ECOWAS countries. More specifically, it aims to (i) identify the determinants of land tenure security of farm households, (ii) analyze the effect of land tenure security on agricultural productivity and food security of farm household by gender. Methodology: The paper relies on Oaxaca and Blinder's decomposition technique and its nonlinear extension with the Propensity Score Matching Method (PSM) for robustness with data mainly from the Harmonized Households Living Conditions Survey (EHCVM) of Togo and selected ECOWAS countries realized in 2018-2019. Results: Empirical results reveal that being a woman reduces the probability of obtaining a document securing one's plot of land. However, the human capital of the head of household increases the probability of holding a land title. They reveal gender-based inequalities in agricultural productivity and food insecurity among farming households. However, holding a title deed to secure one's plot of land is expected to reduce this inequality by improving agricultural productivity and food security among farming households. The results confirm the need to develop land markets to facilitate the transfer of land, as part of measures to improve agricultural productivity and household food security in ECOWAS countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agroalimentaria is the property of Alejandro Antonio Gutierrez Socorro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Contexte et justification Les pays africains ont entrepris des vastes initiatives de plus en plus ambitieuses ces dernières années visant à promouvoir l'enregistrement des terres afin de garantir les droits de propriété et d'occupation des terres. En théorie, la reconnaissance des droits de propriété devrait favoriser la productivité agricole et la sécurité alimentaire. Cependant, les preuves empiriques du lien entre la sécurité foncière, la productivité agricole et la sécurité alimentaire des ménages restent ambigües. But et objectifs C’est dans cette dynamique que cette présente recherche se fixe comme objectif d'étudier l’effet de la sécurité foncière sur la productivité agricole et la sécurité alimentaire des ménages agricoles en se basant sur l’évidence du Togo, puis par extension aux pays de la CEDEAO. Plus précisément, elle vise à (i) identifier les déterminants de la sécurité foncière des ménages agricoles, (ii) analyser l’effet de la sécurité foncière sur la productivité agricole et sur la sécurité alimentaire des ménages agricoles selon le genre. Méthodologie Le papier s’appuie sur la technique de décomposition d’Oaxaca-Blinder et son extension non linéaire avec la méthode d’appariement par score de propension (PSM) comme robustesse avec les données principalement issues de l’Enquête Harmonisée sur les Conditions de Vie des Ménages (EHCVM) du Togo et de certains pays de la CEDEAO réalisée en 201-2019. Résultats Les résultats empiriques révèlent que le fait d'être une femme réduit la probabilité d'obtenir un papier sécurisant sa parcelle. Cependant, le capital humain du chef du ménage augmente la probabilité de détenir un titre foncier. Les résultats révèlent des inégalités selon le genre en matière de la productivité agricole et d’insécurité alimentaire chez les ménages agricoles. Toutefois, la détention d'un papier sécurisant sa parcelle est censée réduire cette inégalité en améliorant la productivité agricole et la sécurité alimentaire des ménages agricoles. Les résultats confirment la nécessité de développer les marchés fonciers afin de faciliter le transfert des terres, dans le cadre des mesures visant à améliorer la productivité agricole et la sécurité alimentaire des ménages dans les pays de la CEDEAO.

The food security doctrine was adopted by the Russian Federation in 2010. Developed under the leadership of President Dmitry Medvedev, it established food security as a central component of national security. The concept emerged as an issue of global public debate in response to the 2006–2008 hunger crisis in the Global South. In Russia though, the initial interpretation of the concept, which emphasised the accessibility of food resources, was transformed into a slogan advocating domestic agri-food production. The article examines the Russian case from 2014 to 2022. It analyses how the narrative on food security constructs common goods such as 'domestic territory' or 'food sovereignty' and its subsequent implications for the prioritisation of certain values (e.g. production, sovereignty), social groups (e.g. producers over consumers), and roles in economic life (e.g. trade). Finally, this article will incorporate an updated analysis of official discourses on food security produced by the government following the invasion of Ukraine in 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) is an important legume and multi-use crop, which contributes to food and nutritional security in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This crop, however, remains less popular and is thus underutilised in west Africa. The objective of this study was to characterise the morphological and phenological features of exotic pigeon pea genotypes in western Burkina Faso in order to provide an entry point for the breeding programme. The study was conducted at two sites, namely Farakoba and Kouentou, located in western Burkina Faso, involved seven exotic genotypes, namely ICP-15029, ICP-14722, ICP-8863, ICPL-20338, ICPH-2740, ICPH-2438 and ICPL-20092, sourced from ICRISAT, India. Also, two local accessions (FKB Cc1 and FKB Cc2) were included as controls. Results showed that semi-spreading (80% of the genotypes) and indeterminate growth habit (80% of the genotypes) were dominant in the genetic materials, with regards to branching pattern and growth habit, respectively. The genotypes including the two checks, were distinguished by three seed colours, viz. brown (three genotypes), dark brown (four genotypes) and grey (two genotypes). There were highly significant differences among the genotypes for phenological (P<0.001) and morphological (P<0.001) traits. The earliest genotype to flower at both sites was ICPL-20338; while the latest was ICPL-20092. A principal component analysis based on the quantitative traits showed that the first two PCs explained 91.78% of the total variation among the genotypes. The most significant contributor traits were stem diameter, leaf size, 50% flowering and plant height. Cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into five clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Fomento Social is the property of ETEA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Societe et Environnement is the property of Les Presses Agronomiques de Gembloux and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agroalimentaria is the property of Alejandro Antonio Gutierrez Socorro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agroalimentaria is the property of Alejandro Antonio Gutierrez Socorro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Internationale des Économistes de Langue Française (RIELF) is the property of Poznan University of Economics & Business and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La rapidité avec laquelle se manifestent les changements climatiques dans le bassin du Lac Tchad et la dégradation des conditions sécuritaires dues à la présence de Boko Haram et des autres forces négatives dans la région, contraignent les éleveurs transhumants Mbororo à migrer vers le Bassin du Congo où ils trouvent l’abondance des ressources en eau et en pâturages. A cause de la porosité de la longue frontière séparant le Nord de la RDC et la RCA, plusieurs vagues de migrations de ces éleveurs ont envahi le Bassin de l’Uélé et elles sont à l’origine de beaucoup de conflits fonciers et sociaux, etc., avec les communautés autochtones. La présente réflexion tient, d’une part, à alerter l’opinion congolaise sur le risque d’accaparement des terres par les éleveurs transhumants expansionnistes avec une incidence néfaste sur la sécurité alimentaire dans ces milieux et, d’autre part, à faire observer à l’Etat congolais la nécessité de sécuriser les frontières pour stopper les immigrations massives et incontrôlées et d’encadrer la transhumance des Mbororo, déjà à l’intérieur du pays. Un tel dispositif permettra à coup sûr, de réduire les risques des conflits fonciers, sociaux et d’insécurité alimentaire.

Sous le regard dialectique, l’étude pose la problématique de la sécurité alimentaire dans le territoire de Bambesa, province de Bas-Uélé en RD. Congo. Certes, en dépit des potentialités naturelles favorables au développement de l’agriculture dans cette partie du pays, l’état des lieux des composantes de la sécurité alimentaire, à savoir : les disponibilités alimentaires, la stabilité des approvisionnements, l’accessibilité et la salubrité des aliments, confirme l’insécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle dans cette entité. L’absence d’infrastructures sociales de base, la destruction des routes, l’insécurité récurrente dans cette partie orientale, etc., sont retenues comme des facteurs. Certes, comme voies de sortie, l’étude propose entre autres, la construction des infrastructures socio-économiques de base, la réhabilitation des voies de circulation et l’organisation du système de commercialisation, etc.

Copyright of Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Societe et Environnement is the property of Les Presses Agronomiques de Gembloux and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Agricultural & Resource Economics is the property of African Association of Agricultural Economists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Après quatre transitions technologiques et organisationnelles en 400 000 ans, l’humanité est en quête d’une sécurité alimentaire durable et partagée. En effet, les lourdes externalités négatives du système agro-industriel devenu hégémonique en 150 ans incitent à reconstruire les systèmes alimentaires dans une perspective socio-écologique. Sur la base d’une synthèse de diverses prospectives, les auteurs présentent le scénario alternatif de « systèmes alimentaires territorialisés durables » (SATD) fondés sur la qualité élargie des produits, l’autonomie territoriale, la proximité et la solidarité. Un tel scénario induirait de profonds changements dans les pays du Nord et du Sud, avec des trajectoires contextualisées. Pour l’Europe, il s’agit d’une rupture de tendance. En Afrique, la faible prégnance du modèle agro-industriel suggère une orientation directe vers des SATD, sans passer par ce modèle agro-industriel. À partir de considérations théoriques et empiriques, quatre préconisations sont faites à l’intention des décideurs publics et privés : planification stratégique, prévention des risques par le concept « une seule santé », redéploiement de la chaîne des savoirs, reconfiguration des filières agro-alimentaires et de leurs modes de gouvernance.

Copyright of Revue Economique is the property of Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The geopolitical U.S. Northern Great Plains encompass the state areas of Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming. While other parts of the United States have seen considerable outmigration from rural areas, this region has widely maintained its rural population due to favorable employment, education, food security, and relatively low poverty levels. Currently, the expansion of large-scale agriculture, often poor food environments, and demographic trends, as well as external factors such as climate change, may affect population densities, livelihoods, and the vitality of the rural U.S. Northern Great Plains. We suggest a strong role of the food system in shaping these developments. For our study, we processed socioeconomic and food-system-related data from demographic databases in descriptive statistics to explore the impact of the food system on demographic and socioeconomic parameters. Specifically, we present data on how selected parameters of demography, employment, education, poverty, agriculture, food security, food accessibility, and health have changed during the past four decades in the U.S. Northern Great Plains, specifically its rural parts. We later discuss how these changes may contribute to future demographic and livelihood developments. We aim to offer our readers an understanding of the complex and interacting developments affecting rural residents of the U.S. Northern Great Plains and the important role the food system plays in the present and future of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a context of international thinking on food systems, promotion of indigenous knowledge and recognition as a discipline of food fact study, this study emphasizes the diversity of traditional food in Cameroon and in particular the place of safou (Dacryodes edulis). Through numerous verbatim extracts from directed discussions, safou appears as a food with appreciated nutritional and sensory virtues, a social fruit, an emblematic fruit of a traditional diet rich in advantages to face nutritional transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Face aux enjeux spatiaux et économiques d’accès à la saine alimentation dans l’est de l’île de Montréal, des instances de santé publique, des organisations communautaires et leurs partenaires ont mis sur pied le Réseau alimentaire de l’est de Montréal (RAEM) afin de mieux coordonner les interventions auprès des ménages à faible revenu (MFR). Ces interventions s’inscrivent notamment dans une perspective spatiale de l’accès à l’alimentation et dans des modèles qui diffèrent de ceux de l’aide alimentaire classique. Dans le cadre d’une recherche partenariale menée avec le RAEM visant à déterminer les points d’alignement et de discordance dans les représentations du problème d’accès alimentaire et les solutions privilégiées de trois types d’acteurs (les organisations membres du RAEM, les partenaires de soutien et les MFR), nous avons effectué une collecte de données par l’entremise de groupes d’entretien et d’entretiens individuels. L’analyse des données, réalisée à partir d’un modèle multidimensionnel de l’accès à la saine alimentation, permet de comparer les perspectives de chaque groupe d’acteurs. Il en ressort que la dimension spatiale n’est pas aussi centrale pour les MFR que pour les autres acteurs, et que la dimension personnelle de l’accès est perçue différemment selon les acteurs. Ces discordances ont une importance et un impact pour l’organisation du système alimentaire de l’est de l’île de Montréal, et mettent en lumière la nécessité d’une lecture critique d’un cadrage principalement spatial des problèmes d’accès à l’alimentation.

This local history of the Wabigoon Basin surveys food security in the region over the longue durée: from the retreat of the glaciers until the imposition of the Indian Act and industrialization in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Synthesizing local history and ethnohistory with recent archaeological and anthropological readings of landscapes managed by Indigenous peoples as anthropogenic spaces, we aim to critique traditional nineteenth-century historiography that saw Canadian landscapes (especially the Canadian Shield) as untouched wilderness before Euro-Canadian agriculture. Here, we use colonization in the 1890s not as a beginning point for history but, rather, as an end point for nine thousand years of Indigenous peoples' food sovereignty, unhindered by bureaucracy and third-party management. We also discuss the conceptual gap between the reality of Indigenous (specifically Ojibwe/Anishinaabeg) farming food production and farming in the Dryden-Wabigoon and Boundary Waters region, within their long history of innovation and adaptation versus Euro-Canadian fantasies of Indigenous stasis and unpopulated wilderness used to justify late-19th-century colonization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé : L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser l’apport du genre dans la sécurité alimentaire, découvrant, entre l’homme et la femme, la personne qui s’occupe plus des dépenses alimentaires au sein du ménage. La République Démocratique du Congo traverse depuis quelques décennies une crise socioéconomique qui a profondément affectée tous les secteurs de la vie nationale y compris les ménages. La sécurité alimentaire au sein de ces ménages n’a été épargnée. C’est pourquoi dans ce travail, nous voulons interpeller les parents congolais à œuvrer pour assurer le bien- être et la sécurité alimentaire de leur famille. A partir d’une récolte de données réalisée à l’aide d’un questionnaire auprès d’un échantillon de 80 sujets de chefs de ménages dont 49 hommes et 31 femmes. Les résultats ci- après ont été observés : le salaire apporté par l’homme reste la principale source de revenu des ménages enquêtés mais qui est secondé par l’apport de la femme ; cet argent provient soit du salaire ou encore de petit commerce exercé dans la plupart de cas, par la femme, pour ne pas manquer la nourriture. le revenu mensuel des ménages enquêtés ne dépasse pas 300 $ ; cette situation affecte leur vie quotidienne et les obligent à ne prendre que deux repas par jours souvent non désirés ; les sujets recourent aux diverses formes de l’épargne et à la provision de nourriture pour essayer de s’en sortir dans leur ménage. Ainsi, c’est la femme qui décide de la nourriture que le ménage doit consommer au quotidien.

Mandatory meat inspection requirements have long been a source of frustration for advocates of ethical meat. Seen as overly restrictive and ill-adapted to the realities on the ground, some argue that farm-to-consumer sales should be subject to less stringent inspection requirements than conventional meat supply chains. Recently, a series of legislative reforms authorizing on-farm slaughter suggests that policy makers are listening. But do on-farm slaughter exemptions really facilitate ethical meat sales? To answer this question, this paper explores meat inspection systems in Quebec, Ontario, and Vermont. Drawing on data obtained from semi-structured interviews with producers, processors, and policy advisors, it argues that inspection requirements may not be the barriers they are presumed to be. Instead, producers and processors face other more significant financial and structural challenges. These need to be addressed if ethical meat is to be a viable alternative to the dominant model of animal agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agroalimentaria is the property of Alejandro Antonio Gutierrez Socorro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Fomento Social is the property of ETEA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nouvelles Perspectives en Sciences Sociales is the property of Editions Prise de parole and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)