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Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a highly prevalent dermatological condition globally. The condition demonstrates bimodal presentation with what is commonly thought to be two subtypes: adult/adolescent seborrheic dermatitis (ASD) and infantile seborrheic dermatitis (ISD). Despite the common prevalence of ASD and ISD, there remains uncertainty around the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms, risk factors, and appropriate classification of the disease(s). This narrative review summarizes the current understanding of the epidemiology, presentation, and pathogenetic factors like epidermal barrier dysfunction, lipid abnormalities, and cutaneous microbiome for ASD and ISD. Elements such as immune responsiveness, neuroendocrine factors, and genetics in these disease states are also investigated. Throughout our review, we highlight shared features and discrepancies between ASD and ISD that are present in the literature and discuss potential avenues for future research that explore these disease states. We aim to contribute to the medical discourse on ASD and ISD and increase awareness of the need for additional research around these conditions, ultimately informing better targeting of therapeutics moving forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) poses significant treatment challenges due to its chronic nature and the side effects associated with long‐term use of conventional therapies like topical corticosteroids. In the search for alternative treatments, exosomes, particularly those derived from rose stem cells (RSCEs), offer a promising avenue due to their potential in managing chronic skin conditions. Objective: This case report examines the efficacy of a topical moisturizer containing RSCEs in treating a patient with refractory SD, aiming to provide an alternative treatment pathway. Materials and Methods: A 40‐year‐old male with a long‐standing history of SD, unresponsive to traditional treatments, underwent a novel treatment regimen. This regimen included an initial topical application of 2.5 mL of RSCEs followed by a maintenance phase involving the application of a RSCE‐containing moisturizer. Clinical outcomes were assessed through the Patient's Global Assessment (PGA) and Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) scores, along with evaluations of scaling and erythema. Results: Remarkable clinical improvement was noted as early as 1‐day post‐treatment, with significant reductions in redness, scaling, and itching. The patient experienced sustained relief throughout the 6‐month follow‐up, with a recurrence in the sixth month that was less severe than previous flare‐ups. This demonstrated not only the efficacy of RSCEs in symptom management but also their potential in extending remission periods. Conclusion: The chronic management of SD can benefit from innovative treatments like the RSCE‐containing moisturizer, as shown in this case report. While the observed outcomes are promising, indicating substantial improvements in skin condition and symptom management, larger controlled studies are necessary to validate the therapeutic potential of exosome‐containing moisturizers fully. This case underscores the need for alternative therapies in SD treatment, highlighting the role of exosomes as a viable option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Observational studies have shown a strong association between circulating white blood cell counts (WBC) and inflammatory skin diseases such as acne and psoriasis. However, the causal nature of this relationship is unclear. We performed a two-way two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate potential causal relationships between leukocytes and inflammatory skin diseases. The circulating white blood cell count, basophil cell count, leukocyte cell count, lymphocyte cell count, eosinophil cell count, and neutrophil cell count data were obtained from the Blood Cell Consortium (BCX). The data for inflammatory skin disorders, including acne, atopic dermatitis (AD), hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), psoriasis, and seborrheic dermatitis (SD), were obtained from the FinnGen Consortium R10. The primary analysis utilized inverse variance weighting (IVW) along with additional methods such as MR-Egger, weighted mode, and weighted median estimator. To assess heterogeneity among instrument variables, Cochran’s Q test was employed, while MR-Egger intercept and MR-PRESSO were used to test for horizontal pleiotropy. IVW demonstrated that an elevated monocyte count was significantly associated with a decreased risk of psoriasis (OR = 0.897, 95% CI: 0.841–0.957, P = 0.001, FDR = 0.016). Additionally, an increased eosinophil count was causally associated with a higher risk of AD (OR = 1.188, 95% CI: 1.093–1.293, P = 0.000, FDR = 0.002). No inverse causal relationship between inflammatory skin disease and circulating white blood cell count was found. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that increased monocyte count is associated with a reduced risk of psoriasis and that there is a causal relationship between increased eosinophil counts and an increased risk of AD. These findings help us understand the potential causal role of specific white blood cell counts in the development of inflammatory skin diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Background and Objective Methods Results Conclusions As the population and life expectancy of people with Down syndrome increases, identifying common skin conditions throughout the lifespan will help inform clinical care and research. We sought to evaluate dermatologic conditions diagnosed in pediatric and adult patients with Down syndrome.This multicenter retrospective study analyzed demographic and outpatient visit International Classification of Diseases codes of patients with Down syndrome evaluated at outpatient dermatology clinics in the United States or Canada between 2011 and 2021.A total of 1529 patients with Down syndrome were identified from eight academic medical centers: 50.8% were children (0–12 years), 25.2% were adolescents (13–17 years), and 24% were adults (18 years and older). Eczematous dermatitis was the most common diagnosis overall (26%), followed by folliculitis (19.3%) and seborrheic dermatitis (15.6%). Other notable diagnoses included dermatophyte infections (13%), alopecia areata (11.6%), and psoriasis (6.7%). About 4.3% of visits included a code for high‐risk medication use. Eczematous dermatitis, alopecia areata, and folliculitis were the most common diagnoses observed in children; folliculitis, hidradenitis suppurativa, and eczematous dermatitis in adolescents; and seborrheic dermatitis, eczematous dermatitis, and folliculitis in adults.Dermatologic conditions in patients with Down syndrome vary by age, but are most often eczematous, adnexal, and cutaneous autoimmune disorders. This multicenter retrospective review identifies skin diseases that should be prioritized for clinical care guideline development and research in the Down syndrome community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Malassezia furfur (M. furfur) is a prevalent dermatophyte that significantly impairs patients' quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic antifungal effects of combined extracts from Rosa rugosa Thunb. (MG) and Coptidis Rhizoma (HL) against M. furfur, both in vitro and in vivo. Methods: High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to identify the major active compounds present in MG and HL. The antifungal activity of the combined Meilian extract (ML) was assessed using the checkerboard method and time-kill curves. Microstructural alterations in the fungi were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The impact of the extracts on the fungal cell membrane was investigated through propidium iodide staining, protein concentration assays, and ergosterol quantification. Transcriptomic analysis was conducted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of the extracts. Furthermore, the synergistic antifungal effects of ML were evaluated in a mouse model of seborrheic dermatitis induced by M. furfur. Results: The study demonstrated that the combined application of MG and HL significantly affected the integrity of the M. furfur cell membrane and potentially modulated its formation processes. In the M. furfur-induced seborrheic dermatitis model, ML exhibited synergistic antifungal effects and effectively alleviated skin inflammation. These findings provide an important theoretical basis for understanding the antifungal mechanisms of ML and its potential application in dermatological therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the possible role of cis-8-octadecenoic acid, a component of sebum, in facial skin redness. The study found that the proportion of cis-8-octadecenoic acid in sebum positively correlated with cheek redness in healthy individuals. Additionally, the research showed that cis-8-octadecenoic acid induced interleukin-36γ expression, which is associated with skin redness, in cultured human normal keratinocytes. The findings suggest that cis-8-octadecenoic acid may play a role in facial skin redness, although further research is needed to fully understand its effects. [Extracted from the article]

Background: To clarify the controversy between inflammatory or autoimmune skin diseases and thyroid diseases, we performed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. Participants: Genetic data on factors associated with atopic dermatitis (AD, n=40,835), seborrheic dermatitis (SD, n=339,277), acne (n=363,927), rosacea (n=299,421), urticaria (n=374,758), psoriasis (n=373,338), psoriasis vulgaris (n=369,830), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, n=14,267), vitiligo (n=353,348), alopecia areata (AA, n=361,822), pemphigus (n=375,929), bullous pemphigoid (BP, n=376,274), systemic sclerosis (SSc, n=376,864), localized scleroderma (LS, n=353,449), hypothyroidism (n=314,995 or n=337,159), and hyperthyroidism (n=281,683 or n=337,159) were derived from genome-wide association summary statistics of European ancestry. Main measures: The inverse variance weighted method was employed to obtain the causal estimates of inflammatory or autoimmune skin diseases on the risk of thyroid diseases, complemented by MR-Egger, weighted median, and MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO). Key results: AD, SLE, SD, and psoriasis vulgaris were associated with an increased risk of hypothyroidism, whereas BP was associated with a lower risk of hypothyroidism (all with p < 0.05). The multivariable MR analyses showed that AD (OR = 1.053; 95%CI: 1.015-1.092; p = 0.006), SLE (OR = 1.093; 95%CI: 1.059-1.127; p < 0.001), and SD (OR = 1.006; 95%CI: 1.002-1.010; p = 0.006) independently and predominately contributed to the genetic causal effect on hypothyroidism after adjusting for smoking. The results showed no causal effects of inflammatory or autoimmune skin diseases on hyperthyroidism. Conclusion: The findings showed a causal effect of AD, SLE, SD on hypothyroidism, but further investigations should be conducted to explore the pathogenic mechanisms underlying these relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Periocular or periorbital dermatitis is a common term for all inflammatory skin diseases affecting the area of skin around the eyes. The clear etiopathogenesis of periocular dermatitis is still not fully understood. Advances in molecular techniques for studying microorganisms living in and on our bodies have highlighted the microbiome as a possible contributor to disease, as well as a promising diagnostic marker and target for innovative treatments. The aim of this study was to compare the composition and diversity of the skin microbiota in the periocular region between healthy individuals and individuals affected by the specific entity of periocular dermatitis. (2) Methods: A total of 35 patients with periocular dermatitis and 39 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. After a skin swab from the periocular region was taken from all participants, DNA extraction and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing using Illumina NovaSeq technology were performed. (3) Results: Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium were the most abundant bacterial genera in the microbiota of healthy skin. Analysis of alpha diversity revealed a statistically significant change (p < 0.05) in biodiversity based on the Faith's PD index between patients and healthy individuals. We did not observe changes in beta diversity. The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) revealed that Rothia, Corynebacterium, Bartonella, and Paracoccus were enriched in patients, and Anaerococcus, Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, and Enhydrobacter were enriched in healthy controls. (4) Conclusions: According to the results obtained, we assume that the observed changes in the bacterial microbiota on the skin, particularly Gram-positive anaerobic cocci and skin commensals of the genus Corynebacterium, could be one of the factors in the pathogenesis of the investigated inflammatory diseases. The identified differences in the microbiota between healthy individuals and patients with periocular dermatitis should be further investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the field of SD, but there has been no bibliometric research yet. This study aims to use bibliometric methods to analyze the current research status and hot topics of SD, to understand further the research trends and future development prospects in this field. Methods: Retrieve core literature on SD from the Web of Science database and conduct a detailed analysis using CiteSpace and VOSviewer software based on factors such as publication volume, countries (regions), research institutions, journals, authors, highly‐cited papers, and keywords. Results: From 1996 to 2024, a total of 1436 publications were included in the bibliometric analysis. The number of publications has shown an increasing trend year by year. The USA is the leading country in this field of research. The University of California System is the primary research institution. The International Journal of Dermatology is the journal with the highest number of publications. The author Yang Won Lee has the highest number of publications, while the article "Seborrheic Dermatitis" (2004) by Gupta, A.K. has been cited the most. "Seborrheic dermatitis" is the most frequently occurring keyword. The main research hotspots and frontiers in SD are as follows: (1) The relationship between SD and other skin diseases is a popular research topic; (2) Malassezia and inflammation are current research hotspots in SD; and (3) Focusing on antifungal and anti‐inflammatory treatments for SD is the current frontier direction in this field. Conclusion: This study is a summary of the current status and hot trends of SD research, which helps clinical doctors and researchers quickly understand the insights and valuable information of SD research and provides reference for clinical decision‐making and finding future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malassezia are yeast species that commonly colonize healthy skin. However, they have been associated with or implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous skin disorders, particularly in the setting of pediatric populations. In this review, we will focus on several Malassezia‐associated skin conditions manifesting in infants, children, and adolescents: pityriasis versicolor, Malassezia folliculitis, infantile and adolescent seborrheic dermatitis, head and neck dermatitis, and neonatal cephalic pustulosis. We examine the literature and provide an overview of these conditions, including clinical presentation in diverse skin colors, diagnosis, risk factors, and treatment and management. Additionally, we summarize and highlight some of the proposed theories on the role of Malassezia spp. in the pathogenesis of these skin conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Conventional treatments for seborrheic dermatitis often lead to a recurring cycle of symptom improvement and worsening, resulting in chronic conditions. Thus, safer and more effective alternatives are needed. In Korean medicine, Hwangryunhaedok-tang tablets, targeted at treating the fire-heat syndrome, offer a more fundamental approach to manage seborrheic dermatitis.Clinical Features and Outcomes: In this study, we monitored the changes in the symptoms of two patients with seborrheic dermatitis who were treated with Hwangryunhaedoktang tablets. The patients were administered this medication during the treatment period. The effectiveness of the treatment was assessed by visually recording changes in the affected skin areas using photographs and evaluating symptoms such as heat, itching, and stinging in these areas using a visual analog scale (VAS). Visible improvements in the patients’ skin conditions were observed after taking Hwangryunhaedok-tang tablets. Following treatment, VAS scores for subjective symptoms such as heat sensation, itching, and stinging in the affected areas decreased.Conclusion: This study offers evidence of a potential alternative approach for treating seborrheic dermatitis using Kyungbang Hwangryunhaedok-tang tablets. However, it highlights the necessity for further research on the appropriate dosage, side effects, and long-term effectiveness of this treatment.

Introduction. Despite the proven clinical efficacy of antifungal and anti-inflammatory drugs for the prevention and treatment of seborrheic dermatitis, the search for new targets and the development of new substances with a beneficial effect on the scalp microflora, with a low risk of antimicrobial resistance and adverse effects, are relevant.Aim. Development of the antimicrobial multicomponent pharmaceutical substance of plant origin in stages: from a literature search for promising substances, analysis of their composition by GC-MS, in silico evaluation of the affinity of individual components to pathogenetic targets, selection of the optimal composition of a multicomponent substance based on the results of in vitro research of antimicrobial action and the making of a medical dosage form based on it – a medicinal shampoo for the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis.Materials and methods. Objects of research: tea tree essential oil, 1,8-cineole, α-(-)-bisabolol and the multicomponent substance based on them. Methods: molecular docking (AutoDock version 4.2), prediction of pharmacological activity (Phyto4Health), TLC, GC-MS, study of antimicrobial activity in vitro.Results and discussion. Based on the results of a literature search, 3 promising substances were selected for the development of a multicomponent plant-based substance: tea tree essential oil, 1,8-cineole and α-(-)-bisabolol. Molecular docking predicted the targeted activity of the phytochemicals of tea tree essential oil, 1,8-cineole and α-(-)-bisabolol on the domains of ABC-transporters of microorganisms involved in the pathogenesis of seborrheic dermatitis and justified the possibility of use for therapy. The multicomponent substance has been developed based on tea tree essential oil, 1,8-cineole and α-(-)-bisabolol in a mass ratio of 1 : 1 : 1. The qualitative composition of the substance was assessed by TLC and GC-MS methods, and 15 terpenes were quantitatively identified in its composition with a predominance of terpinen-4-ol (16.98 %), 1,8-cineole (25.63 %) and α-(-)-bisabolol (27.67 %). The synergistic antimicrobial activity of the substance has been established against S. epidermidis, S. aureus, C. albicans and M. furfur in comparison with benzalkonium chloride, ketoconazole and climbazole. The composition of a new medical shampoo based on the investigated substance has been developed, which has a pronounced antifungal effect (more than 99.0 %) against M. furfur without visible suppression of normal microflora. For the novel substance of plant origin and medical shampoo, quality parameters were assessed in accordance with the Russian Pharmacopoeia of XIV edition.Conclusion. A substance of plant origin with synergistic and targeted antimicrobial activity has been developed. It has an interest for further study as a drug and API for new products for the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of a Compound Acid in improving seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp. Methods Fifty patients with seborrheic dermatitis who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. The subjects underwent scalp brushing with Compound Acid for a total of four brushings, with the first acid brushing on the day of enrollment and subsequent brushings at one-week interval. Symptom scores were assessed before each acid brushing. A follow-up examination was conducted two weeks after the last acid brushing. Clinical signs and symptoms such as papules, greasiness, erythema, and dandruff were scored using skin microscopy. The status of Malassezia infection was detected using fungus fluorescent microscope. A questionnaire was used to evaluate subjects' scalp itching and pain. Results Forty-seven subjects completed this study. Following the use of the Compound Acid, subjects showed significant improvements in maculopapule scores (from 2.09±1.25 to 0.13±0.34), greasiness scores (from 3.19±0.77 to 0.87±0.65), erythema scores (from 3.23±0.63 to 0.43±0.68), and dandruff scores (from 3.26±0.94 to 0.55±0.65) (all P

The activity of Seborrheic dermatitis on the skin of children still remains of the dermatoses of male and female babies in the early days of their existence. Acalypha wilkesiana L have been employed by mothers to combat Seborrheic dermatitis, yet, the descriptors responsible for such activity as well as the nonbonding interactions between the selected phytochemicals and stearoyl-CoA desaturase has not been explored. The studied compounds were optimized using Spartan’14 software as well as molecular operating environments (MOE) for docking, Cytoscape software for compound-protein interaction network, Gromacs for molecular dynamic simulation as well ADMETSar for pharmacokinetics studies. The selected compounds proved to have anti-stearoyl-CoA desaturase properties via the calculated descriptors obtained from the chemical compounds obtained from Acalypha wilkesiana L as well as from the result from molecular modeling studies. The Pharmacokinetics results were observed and reported appropriately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article discusses a study on the drug dupilumab and its effectiveness in treating atopic dermatitis (AD) in obese patients. The study found that dupilumab was effective in treating AD in obese patients, although the response rate was slightly lower compared to non-obese patients. The study also observed weight changes in both groups, with some patients experiencing weight gain and others experiencing weight loss. The authors recommend weight monitoring during treatment and suggest that optimized dosages may be considered for obese patients. The study was supported by the FRADEN/F-CRIN network and the authors disclose potential conflicts of interest. This document is a letter to the editor written by dermatologists and researchers from various hospitals and institutions in France. The letter discusses the potential factors influencing dupilumab response, the impact of body mass index on treatment outcomes, and weight gain in patients receiving dupilumab. The study was approved by an ethics committee and the data supporting the findings are available upon request. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the findings of a study on scalp seborrheic dermatitis (SSD), a condition that affects the scalp. The study involved participants from 20 countries and found that the overall prevalence of SSD was 3.3%. The prevalence varied across regions, with North America having the lowest prevalence and East Asia having the highest. The study also found that men experienced a higher impact on their quality of life (QoL) due to SSD. The study suggests that healthcare providers should assess the QoL of patients with SSD, particularly men, in order to provide appropriate medical and psychological support. Another study mentioned in the article focused on the impact of a sensitive scalp on individuals' lives. The study found that many participants felt embarrassed about their sensitive scalp, which affected their personal and professional lives. It also had specific impacts on their work or study, caused them to feel shy about buying treatment products, and impacted their sex life. The study emphasizes the importance of addressing the impact of a sensitive scalp on individuals' overall well-being. [Extracted from the article]

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the internet and social media usage habits of seborrheic dermatitis patients in relation to their diseases, the underlying reasons for internet and SM usage, as well as the treatment advice they used. Materials and Methods: Patients with seborrheic dermatitis were asked to answer a questionnaire consisting of eight questions and provide their age, gender, and disease duration. The seborrheic dermatitis area severity index was used to assess disease severity. Results: According to this study, seborrheic dermatitis patients frequently (79.7%) turn to nonmedical treatment options. It was observed that females used the internet and SM more frequently than males and patients aged 18-32 years used the internet and SM more frequently than older age groups (p<0.001, p=0.023, respectively). The most common treatment recommendation from the internet and social media was an over-the-counter product (89.6 %). Google was the most frequently (44.8%) used online platform for garnering information on the internet, while Instagram was the most preferred (36.2%) social media platform. The main reason for those who received treatment advice from the internet and social media was to get information about their disease and its treatment. The majority (78.9 %) consider their doctors to be the most reliable source for the successful treatment of their disease. Conclusion: Patients with seborrheic dermatitis tend to seek treatment advice before consulting a clinician. Internet and social media tools play an important role in treatment seeking. In daily clinical practice, patients with seborrheic dermatitis should be questioned especially in terms of over-the-counter product use. The fact that the participants trusted the dermatologist the most and were dissatisfied with the treatment advice received from online platforms leads to the need for clinicians to provide more reliable and accurate information about seborrheic dermatitis on online platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seborrheic dermatitis is an inflammatory condition that usually presents with erythema, scaly greasy papules, and plaques affecting sebaceous gland‐rich areas and predominantly involving the face and scalp. The diagnosis of seborrheic dermatitis can often be rendered based on the clinical presentation. However, in certain cases, a biopsy can be useful to distinguish it from clinical mimics such as psoriasis, discoid lupus, and rosacea. Prominent sebaceous gland atrophy without scarring has been well‐described as an important and relatively specific clue for psoriatic or drug‐induced alopecia. However, sebaceous gland atrophy is not specific to psoriasis and has been demonstrated in seborrheic dermatitis, facial discoid dermatitis, and potentially may occur in other inflammatory dermatoses of the scalp. We report a 23‐year‐old female patient presenting with non‐scarring hair loss and histopathological findings demonstrating mild androgenetic alopecia and changes of seborrheic dermatitis with dramatic sebaceous gland atrophy. The patient had no history or evidence of psoriasis clinically. Our case suggests that in patients with seborrheic dermatitis, sebaceous gland atrophy may complicate the evaluation of alopecia biopsies and should be recognized as a pitfall. Seborrheic dermatitis should be included in the differential diagnosis of alopecia biopsies showing prominent sebaceous gland atrophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Malassezia restricta, a lipophilic and lipodependent yeast belonging to the basidiomycetes group, is an opportunistic fungal pathogen associated with various skin diseases, including seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff. Typically, Malassezia infection in neonates manifests as fungemia or hematogenous dissemination to the bone or lungs. However, vertebral osteomyelitis caused by these fungi is rarely reported owing to non-specific clinical presentations and laboratory/imaging findings. The Pathogen Metagenomics Sequencing (PMseq) technique enables direct high-throughput sequencing of infected specimens, facilitating the rapid and accurate detection of all microorganisms in clinical samples through comprehensive reports. Case presentation: A 52-year-old male was admitted to our hospital on July 20, 2022 with a 3-month history of ambulatory difficulties and localized low back pain. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) examination of the spinal column revealed irregular bone destruction affecting the L2, L3, and L5 vertebral bodies. Additionally, low T1 and high T2 intensity lesions were observed at the intervertebral discs between L3 and L5. The presumptive diagnosis of tuberculous spondylitis was made based on the imaging findings, despite negative results in all mycobacterium tests. However, the patient exhibited no improvement after receiving regular anti-tuberculosis treatment for 3 months. Subsequent MRI revealed an expansive abnormal signal within the vertebral body, leading to progressive bone destruction. The absence of spinal tuberculosis or other infective microorganisms was confirmed through culture from blood and pathological tissue from the L4 vertebral body. Subsequently, PMseq was performed on the specimens, revealing M. restricta as the predominant pathogen with the highest relative abundance value. The pathological examination revealed the presence of fungal mycelium in the L4 vertebral body, with positive findings on periodic Schiff-methenamine and periodic acid-Schiff staining. The anti-tuberculosis treatment was discontinued, and an antifungal combination of fluconazole and voriconazole was administered. All symptoms were resolved after 7 consecutive months of treatment, and the patient was able to ambulate autonomously. Vertebral lesions were reduced on MRI during the 13-month follow-up. Conclusions: M. restricta is not a commonly recognized pathogen associated with infectious vertebral osteomyelitis. However, PMseq can aid in diagnosis, timely treatment, and decision making for some non-specific infectious diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cosmetics have been used by humans since centuries for variety of purposes, including enhancing appearance, protection and cleansing. Herbal ingredients have been used in cosmetics for their natural and beneficial properties. When combined, herbal ingredients and cosmetics can provide a number of benefits, including improved skin health, protection from the sun and a more youthful appearance. Shampoo is a key part of hair cosmetics which is used to clean scalp and hair. There are many scalp infections such as Seborrheic Dermatitis, Scalp Psoriasis and Candidiasis which are caused by the fungus Candida albicans and are treated by using antifungal shampoos. But it was observed that marketed antifungal shampoos cause various side effects such as alopecia, eye irritation, dry hair, abnormal hair texture, dry scalp and headache etc. The current study focuses on comparison of antifungal potential of six herbal shampoos developed using isolated phytoconstituents such as Rutin, Eugenol, Camphor and Menthol; as well as their combination. The results showed that antifungal potential of all the six developed herbal shampoos against Candida albicans causing Seborrheic dermatitis is comparable to the marketed synthetic antifungal shampoo. Hence, it is concluded that the six developed shampoos can be successfully used to treat Seborrheic dermatitis caused by Candida albicans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tinea incognito is a dermatophyte infection with atypical features, due to the use of topical or systemic steroids or other immunosuppressive medications. Delayed diagnosis, spread of the infection to critical body surfaces, resistance to antifungal drugs, and increased costs due to prolonged hospitalization and multiple treatment regimens often complicate tinea incognito. It can affect individuals of all ages and genders, but it is more common in children. Atypical clinical appearance often necessitates differentiation from other diseases such as eczema, seborrheic dermatitis, lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, or other non-fungal skin conditions. The treatment of tinea incognito usually involves discontinuation of topical steroids or other immunosuppressive medications. Preventive measures and management of the underlying fungal infection are necessary and can be achieved with antifungal drugs. Patients should wear loose cotton clothes, use boiling water for laundry, and iron their clothing before wearing them. Additionally, they should avoid sharing bed linens, towels, clothes, and shoes. This review aims to raise awareness of tinea incognito among health practitioners, provide tips for detecting the disorder, include it in the differentials, and evaluate the available diagnostic procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demodex represents the most frequent ectoparasite found in humans. Although Demodex mites are considered commensals of human pilosebaceous units, an abnormally high mite density can cause several ocular and cutaneous symptoms and signs, sometimes to a severe degree. Both Demodex spp. (folliculorum and brevis) play a significant part in eye pathology and facial dermatoses. These mites have been related to blepharitis, ocular rosacea, meibomian gland dysfunction and various skin diseases, including rosacea, demodicosis and seborrheic dermatitis. Understanding the importance of Demodex in both eye and skin conditions is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management strategies, which may involve targeted treatments to control the mite population and reduce associated symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of a Compound Acid in improving seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp ・ Methods Fifty patients with seborrheic dermatitis who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled・ The subjects underwent scalp brushing with Compound Acid for a total of four brushings, with the first acid brushing on the day of enrollment and subsequent brushings at one-week interval・ Symptom scores were assessed before each acid brushing・ A follow examination was conducted two weeks after the last acid brushing・ Clinical signs and symptoms such as papules, greasiness, erythema, and dandruff were scored using skin microscopy・ The status of Malassezia infection was detected using fungus fluorescent microscope・ A questionnaire was used to evaluate subjects' scalp itching and pain. Results Forty-seven subjects completed this study・ Following the use of the Compound Acid, subjects showed significant improvements in mac-ulopapule scores （from 2. 09 ± 1. 25 to 0. 13 ± 0. 34）, greasiness scores （from 3. 19 土 0. 77 to 0. 87 ± 0. 65), erythema scores (from 3. 23 ± 0. 63 to 0. 43 ±0. 68), and dandruff scores (from 3. 26 ± 0. 94 to 0. 55 ± 0. 65) (all P < 0. 01)・ In 95. 74% of patients, Malassezia was changed from positive to negative・ Subjective scores for scalp itching and pain were improved from 3・ 21 ± 0. 75 to 0. 57 ± 0. 58 and from 1. 70 ± 1. 27 to 0. 50 ± 0. 60, respectively (both P < 0. 01)・ No adverse reactions were reported throughout the study・ Conclusion The compound acid is effective and safe for seborrheic dermatitis, including improvements in scalp itching, maculopapules, greas・ iness, dandruff and scalp pairu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magonia pubescens is a natural species from the Brazilian cerrado biome. Its fruits and seeds are used in the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis, a common inflammatory skin disease. In this work, the known compounds lapachol, stigmasterol, maniladiol and scopoletin were isolated from hexane and dichloromethane extracts of M. pubescens branches. The aqueous extract of this material was fractioned through a liquid-liquid partition and the obtained fractions were analyzed by UHPLC-MS/MS. The results obtained were compared with data from three databases, leading to the putative identification of 51 compounds from different classes, including flavonoids, saponins and triterpenes. The cytotoxicity of aqueous fractions was assayed against breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) and leukemia (THP-1 and K562) cells. The best activity was observed for fraction AE3 against MDA-MB-231 cells (IC50 30.72 µg.mL−1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of Review: The present review aims to analyze the most recent publications and theories associated with the increase of seborrheic dermatitis (SD) in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). An exhaustive review of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, and therapeutic interventions available for both pathologies was carried out. Recent Findings: Several hypotheses were found. Hypomotility of facial muscles seems to be one of the determinant factors in early stages of the disease, as well as genetic polymorphism, in which lipid bioavailability is increased, both favoring an environment that favors Malassezia spp. proliferation. Summary: Malassezia spp. is a constituent of the skin microbiome, but may become an opportunistic pathogen in situations of immunosuppression, as in the case of PD. The estimated population suffering from this condition is estimated to be around 6 million, showing a significant increase in the number of cases since the year 2000. The association of PD with SD is multifactorial and involves both endogenous and exogenous factors that provide an environment favorable for Malassezia spp. growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Seborrheic dermatitis manifests as greasy, itchy lesions, commonly affecting sebum-rich areas like the scalp and face. Its prevalence is 11.6% in the general population, with various internal and environmental factors contributing to its development. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of rosemary extract lotion in the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis in comparison with topical 2% ketoconazole lotion. Methods: This double-blind, randomized clinical trial included 42 patients with scalp seborrheic dermatitis, divided into rosemary and ketoconazole lotion groups. Both lotions were applied twice daily for 2 months. The severity of scalp dandruff was assessed using the Adherent Scalp Flaking Score. Itchiness of the scalp and quality of life were assessed using itchy quant and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), respectively. Stata software was applied for statistical analysis. Results: The reduction in the Adherent Scalp Flaking Score score was statistically significant the ketoconazole group compared to the patients in the rosemary group (P value = 0.011). However, the reduction in itching score was statistically significant more in the rosemary group at the end of the first and second months in comparison to the ketoconazole group (P value < 0.001). The statistical analysis demonstrated no significant difference in the reduction of DLQI scores between the rosemary and ketoconazole groups at the end of 1 and 2 months after starting the treatment in both crud and adjustment with base-line score analysis. Conclusion: Both rosemary and ketoconazole lotions were effective in treating scalp seborrheic dermatitis and decreasing the patient's DLQI score.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is primarily characterized by motor symptoms, but non-motor symptoms, including skin manifestations, are increasingly recognized. These remain underexplored despite their potential impact on quality of life. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and clinical features of skin findings in PD patients, with a focus on identifying potential pathogenetic links between dermatological conditions and PD. Methods: A total of 215 PD patients were included. Comprehensive dermatological examinations were performed, and demographic and clinical data were collected. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 23.0, with significance set at P < 0.05. Results: Skin conditions were found in 92.1% of PD patients. Xerosis, seborrheic dermatitis, and hyperhidrosis were the most common findings. Pre-PD xerosis was associated with an earlier stage of PD (P = 0.001). Use of PD medications, such as levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone, was linked to a lower incidence of seborrheic dermatitis (P = 0.040). A significant correlation was also noted between rosacea and cherry angioma (P = 0.01). Conclusion: Dermatological conditions are prevalent in PD and may precede its motor symptoms. Skin assessments could aid early diagnosis and management of PD, highlighting the need for further research on their pathogenetic mechanisms.

This article discusses the use of low-dose oral minoxidil as a treatment for monilethrix, a rare hair shaft disorder characterized by hair fragility and beading of the hair shaft. The study reviewed the records of eight patients who were treated with low-dose oral minoxidil for at least three months. The results showed improvement in hair density, length, and hair shaft quality in seven of the patients. However, there were also some adverse events reported. The study suggests that low-dose oral minoxidil holds promise as a treatment for monilethrix, but further research is needed to confirm these findings. [Extracted from the article]

Abstract Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) impacts a diverse demographic, with treatment effectiveness and suitability varying across hair types and cultural practices. Available shampoo treatments contain surfactants that compromise hair moisture and integrity as well as requiring frequent use, which may not align with the routines of various hair types and cultural hair care practices. Most available topical foams and gels contain high concentrations of drying alcohols that damage hair color and moisture. Newly US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved roflumilast 0.3% foam presents a significant advancement in the treatment of SD owing to its pH-balanced, residue-free formulation that is suited for all hair types, including patients with curly or coiled hair. It presents a culturally inclusive treatment option that offers effective management of SD while maintaining hair health and respecting diverse hair care needs and practices.

Juan Francisco Mir-Bonafé,1 Jaime Piquero-Casals,2 Ludmila Prudkin,3 Jesus Delgado,3 Julia Santamaria Martínez,3 Vicente Garcia-Patos Briones4 1Department of Dermatology, Hospital Son Llàtzer, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; 2Department of Aesthetic Dermatology and Laser, Dermik, Clínica Dermatológica Multidisciplinar, Barcelona, Spain; 3Innovation and Development, ISDIN, Barcelona, Spain; 4Department of Dermatology, Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, SpainCorrespondence: Jaime Piquero-Casals, Department of Aesthetic Dermatology and Laser, Dermik, Clínica Dermatológica Multidisciplinar, Barcelona, Spain, Tel +34 935464710, Email j.piquero@dermik.esBackground: Noninfectious inflammatory dermatoses of the scalp are common, and their symptomsin particular, those affecting appearance, can have a psychological effect that may be disproportionate to their clinical severity. Effective, cosmetically acceptable treatments are important to manage these conditions. Topical corticosteroids form the cornerstone of acute treatment for many of these conditions. We surveyed practicing dermatologists and dermatology residents to determine the current clinical practice in prescribing topical corticosteroids for these disorders in their various preparation formats.Methods: A Delphi method was used, consisting of 2 questionnaire rounds. The first round contained 34 questions and was completed by 612 dermatologists and dermatology residents via email. The first round of responses was analyzed, and points that had > 70% agreement were used to form a second questionnaire of 21 statements. This second round was completed by 346 participants, and their responses were used to generate a final report. Participants were practicing in both public and private practices.Results: Clobetasol propionate 0.05% topical solution was considered to be the most appropriate treatment for noninfectious inflammatory scalp dermatoses in general, with 75.1% agreement in the second round of questionnaire. The main advantages of clobetasol propionate over other topical corticosteroids were reported as potency, effectiveness, and broad action spectrum (94.8% agreement). The preferred pharmaceutical format was the solution of clobetasol propionate.Conclusion: Clobetasol propionate was the preferred topical treatment for the management of scalp dermatoses, usually as first-line treatment; solution was the preferred preparation.Keywords: seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, shampoo, topical, solution, clobetasol, scalp, therapy

Histiocytosis is a set of distinct proliferative illnesses defined by the proliferation and infiltration of varied numbers of dendritic cells, macrophages, and monocytes in the afflicted tissues. The skin and other organs may be impacted by the inflammatory infiltration. It can occur at any age. The severity of the symptoms can range from mild to severe, depending on the degree and type of organ involvement. Although certain forms of histiocytosis can be fatal, others can be treated successfully without sequelae. Langerhans cell histiocytosis manifests itself clinically in both children and adults. A combination of clinical, histological, and radiological tests is required to achieve a diagnosis. A severe, multisystemic, acute form of Langerhans cell histiocytosis is called Letterer-Siewe illness, which usually affects infants in their first year of life. In this article, we provide a brief literature review and a case study of a 9-month-old girl who presented with recurring gastrointestinal problems as the first sign of Letterer-Siwe disease.

A 75-year-old man presented with an abdominal enlarging painless tumor of the skin evolving over the last 30 years. His past medical history was unremarkable. Physical examination revealed a brownish pedunculated cutaneous mass which had an irregular keratotic warty surface with no discharge or ulceration. The mass was clinically presumed to be a melanocytic tumor, or a verrucous carcinoma. A monoblock excision of the mass was performed with a good outcome. The specimen was then sent to our pathology department to rule out malignancy. Macroscopic examination revealed a brownish tumor of 7.5 × 7 × 1.5 cm which had fissures and cauliflower-like appearance. Final histological report concluded to a giant seborrheic keratosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that commonly involves the scalp, and thus, affects a diverse demographic with varying hair care needs. Current SD treatments are limited based on optimized formulation, efficacy, adverse events, and lack of placebo-controlled trials. A novel roflumilast foam formulation has emerged as a promising therapeutic option optimally designed for use on the scalp and other hair-bearing areas. We conducted a comprehensive assessment of beauty industry standards, confirming the foam formulation's alignment with industry guidelines and exclusion of potentially harmful ingredients. In addition, consultation with an expert dermatologist panel yielded a strong endorsement, underscoring a high level of confidence in prescribing the foam across diverse hair and skin types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is an inflammatory skin disorder and eczema subtype increasingly recognized to be associated with significant physical, psychosocial, and financial burden. The full spectrum of SD, including dandruff localized to the scalp, is estimated to affect half of the world's population. Despite such high prevalence, the exact etiopathogenesis of SD remains unclear. Historically, many researchers have theorized a central, causative role of Malassezia spp. based on prior studies including the proliferation of Malassezia yeast on lesional skin of some SD patients and empiric clinical response to antifungal therapy. However, upon closer examination, many of these findings have not been reproducible nor consistent. Emerging data from novel, targeted anti-inflammatory therapeutics, as well as evidence from genome-wide association studies and murine models, should prompt a reevaluation of the popular yeast-centered hypothesis. Here, through focused review of the literature, including laboratory studies, clinical trials, and expert consensus, we examine and synthesize the data arguing for and against a primary role for Malassezia in SD. We propose an expansion of SD pathogenesis and suggest reframing our view of SD to be based primarily on dysregulation of the host immune system and skin epidermal barrier, like other eczemas. Key points: Seborrheic dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin disease with poorly understood pathogenesis. Seborrheic dermatitis is commonly considered to be a disease resulting from Malassezia yeast proliferation, though studies supporting this are limited and inconsistent. Emerging evidence suggests that immune dysregulation and skin barrier function are likely central to SD pathogenesis, with Malassezia functioning as a secondary, associated factor [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acne is a common skin condition that can have profound physical and psychological impacts. This article outlines its clinical presentation and recommended management in primary care and discusses when referral to secondary care is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) impacts a diverse demographic, with treatment effectiveness and suitability varying across hair types and cultural practices. Available shampoo treatments contain surfactants that compromise hair moisture and integrity as well as requiring frequent use, which may not align with the routines of various hair types and cultural hair care practices. Most available topical foams and gels contain high concentrations of drying alcohols that damage hair color and moisture. Newly US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved roflumilast 0.3% foam presents a significant advancement in the treatment of SD owing to its pH-balanced, residue-free formulation that is suited for all hair types, including patients with curly or coiled hair. It presents a culturally inclusive treatment option that offers effective management of SD while maintaining hair health and respecting diverse hair care needs and practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A three-pronged approach to acne treatment combining an antibiotic, antimicrobial, and retinoid may be more efficacious than single/double treatments while potentially reducing antibiotic resistance. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the first fixed-dose, triple-combination topical acne product, clindamycin 1.2%/adapalene 0.15%/benzoyl peroxide (BPO) 3.1% gel (CAB) using pooled phase 3 data. Methods: In two identical phase 3 (N = 183; N = 180), double-blind, 12-week studies, participants aged ≥ 9 years with moderate-to-severe acne were randomized 2:1 to receive once-daily CAB or vehicle gel. Endpoints included ≥ 2-grade reduction from baseline in Evaluator's Global Severity Score and clear/almost clear skin (treatment success) and least-squares mean percent change from baseline in acne lesion counts. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and cutaneous safety/tolerability were evaluated. Results: At week 12, 50.0% of participants achieved treatment success with CAB versus 22.6% with vehicle gel (P < 0.001). CAB resulted in > 70% reductions in inflammatory and noninflammatory lesions at week 12 (77.9% and 73.0%, respectively), which were significantly greater than vehicle (57.9% and 48.2%; P < 0.001, both). Most TEAEs were of mild-moderate severity, and < 3% of CAB-treated participants discontinued study/treatment because of AEs. Transient increases from baseline in scaling, erythema, itching, burning, and stinging were observed with CAB, but resolved back to or near baseline values by week 12. Conclusions: The innovative fixed-dose, triple-combination clindamycin phosphate 1.2%/adapalene 0.15%/BPO 3.1% gel was efficacious and well tolerated in children, adolescents, and adults with moderate-to-severe acne. Half of participants achieved clear/almost clear skin by 12 weeks, rates not previously seen in clinical studies of other topical acne products. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04214639 and NCT04214652. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The topical phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor roflumilast has been studied in several dermatologic conditions. Roflumilast foam 0.3% is being investigated as a topical treatment for seborrheic dermatitis (SD). In this phase 3, double-blinded trial, patients with SD were randomly assigned (2:1 ratio) to once-daily roflumilast foam 0.3% or vehicle foam for 8 weeks. The primary efficacy outcome was Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) Success at week 8, defined as IGA of 0 (Clear) or 1 (Almost Clear) plus ≥2-point improvement from baseline. Safety was also assessed. 79.5% of roflumilast-treated and 58.0% of vehicle-treated patients met the primary endpoint (P <.001); statistically significant differences in IGA Success also favored roflumilast at week 2 (roflumilast: 43.0%; vehicle: 25.7%; P <.001) and week 4 (roflumilast: 73.1%; vehicle: 47.1%; P <.001). Roflumilast was well-tolerated with a low rate of treatment-emergent adverse events. Study limitations include the 8-week treatment period for this chronic condition. Once-daily roflumilast foam was superior to vehicle in leading to IGA of Clear or Almost Clear plus ≥2-point improvement from baseline at 8 weeks in patients with SD. Longer trials are needed to determine durability and safety of roflumilast foam in SD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In line with the World Health Organization's (WHO) campaign to improve community dermatology services, research on the spectrum of pediatric skin diseases is crucial for both patients and policymakers. Identifying the spectrum of pediatric skin conditions among children visiting the Khartoum Dermatological Hospital's outpatient dermatology clinic was the goal of this study. Methods: Over six months, a prospective cross-sectional study including children (0-18 years old) was undertaken. Once the pertinent medical history and examinations were gathered, dermatologists made the diagnosis. Skin conditions were divided into several categories. The analysis of the data was done with the SPSS version 23. Results: A total of 320 children, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.1:1, were enrolled. Ten categories with 38 different skin diseases were established after diagnosis. Infections in 152 (47.5%), eczematous disorders in 89 (27.8%), and appendageal disorders in 19 (5.93%) children were the most prevalent conditions by group. Impetigo (37.5%), scabies (10.9%), and seborrheic dermatitis (10.6%) were the most frequently seen diseases. These illnesses most commonly afflicted the areas of the limbs (30%), face (20%), and scalp (18.7%). Papules in 148 (46%) and scales in 74 (23%) children were the most prevalent primary and secondary efflorescence, respectively. A clinical diagnosis was made in the majority (266 [83.1%]) of the cases. Conclusion: The most frequently observed group was infection. This demonstrates how crucial it is to maintain good personal and family hygiene, minimize overcrowded spaces, and promoting public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trace elements are essential for maintaining the body's homeostasis, and their special role has been demonstrated in skin physiology. Among the most important trace elements are zinc, copper, and iron. A deficiency or excess of trace elements can be associated with an increased risk of skin diseases, so increasing their supplementation or limiting intake can be helpful in dermatological treatment. In addition, determinations of their levels in various types of biological material can be useful as additional tests in dermatological treatment. This paper describes the role of these elements in skin physiology and summarizes data on zinc, copper, and iron in the course of selected, following skin diseases: psoriasis, pemphigus vulgaris, atopic dermatitis, acne vulgaris and seborrheic dermatitis. In addition, this work identifies the potential of trace elements as auxiliary tests in dermatology. According to preliminary studies, abnormal levels of zinc, copper, and iron are observed in many skin diseases and their determinations in serum or hair can be used as auxiliary and prognostic tests in the course of various dermatoses. However, since data for some conditions are conflicting, clearly defining the potential of trace elements as auxiliary tests or elements requiring restriction/supplement requires further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The close interaction between skin and clothing has become an attractive cornerstone for the development of therapeutic textiles able to alleviate skin disorders, namely those correlated to microbiota dysregulation. Skin microbiota imbalance is known in several skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis (AD), psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, rosacea, acne and hidradenitis suppurative (HS). Such microbiota dysregulation is usually correlated with inflammation, discomfort and pruritus. Although conventional treatments, that is, the administration of steroids and antibiotics, have shown some efficacy in treating and alleviating these symptoms, there are still disadvantages that need to be overcome. These include their long‐term usage with side effects negatively impacting resident microbiota members, antibiotic resistance and the elevated rate of recurrence. Remarkably, therapeutic textiles as a non‐pharmacological measure have emerged as a promising strategy to treat, alleviate the symptoms and control the severity of many skin diseases. This systematic review showcases for the first time the effects of therapeutic textiles on patients with skin dysbiosis, focusing on efficacy, safety, adverse effects and antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties. The main inclusion criteria were clinical trials performed in patients with skin dysbiosis who received treatment involving the use of therapeutic textiles. Although there are promising outcomes regarding clinical parameters, safety and adverse effects, there is still a lack of information about the impact of therapeutic textiles on the skin microbiota of such patients. Intensive investigation and corroboration with clinical trials are needed to strengthen, define and drive the real benefit and the ideal biomedical application of therapeutic textiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dermoscopy is a common method of scalp psoriasis diagnosis, and several artificial intelligence techniques have been used to assist dermoscopy in the diagnosis of nail fungus disease, the most commonly used being the convolutional neural network algorithm; however, convolutional neural networks are only the most basic algorithm, and the use of object detection algorithms to assist dermoscopy in the diagnosis of scalp psoriasis has not been reported. Objectives: Establishment of a dermoscopic modality diagnostic framework for scalp psoriasis based on object detection technology and image enhancement to improve diagnostic efficiency and accuracy. Methods: We analyzed the dermoscopic patterns of scalp psoriasis diagnosed at 72nd Group army hospital of PLA from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021, and selected scalp seborrheic dermatitis as a control group. Based on dermoscopic images and major dermoscopic patterns of scalp psoriasis and scalp seborrheic dermatitis, we investigated a multi‐network fusion object detection framework based on the object detection technique Faster R‐CNN and the image enhancement technique contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE), for assisting in the diagnosis of scalp psoriasis and scalp seborrheic dermatitis, as well as to differentiate the major dermoscopic patterns of the two diseases. The diagnostic performance of the multi‐network fusion object detection framework was compared with that between dermatologists. Results: A total of 1876 dermoscopic images were collected, including 1218 for scalp psoriasis versus 658 for scalp seborrheic dermatitis. Based on these images, training and testing are performed using a multi‐network fusion object detection framework. The results showed that the test accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and Youden index for the diagnosis of scalp psoriasis was: 91.0%, 89.5%, 91.0%, and 0.805, and for the main dermoscopic patterns of scalp psoriasis and scalp seborrheic dermatitis, the diagnostic results were: 89.9%, 97.7%, 89.9%, and 0.876. Comparing the diagnostic results with those of five dermatologists, the fusion framework performs better than the dermatologists' diagnoses. Conclusions: Studies have shown some differences in dermoscopic patterns between scalp psoriasis and scalp seborrheic dermatitis. The proposed multi‐network fusion object detection framework has higher diagnostic performance for scalp psoriasis than for dermatologists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]