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This document presents the development of a cybersecurity platform for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), or drones, based on cyber-deception technology. This technology is based on the deliberate creation of easily accessible and detectable decoys (or honeypots) to detect potential intruders at the perimeter of a critical infrastructure. This document contains an explanation of the conceptual model of the proposed solution, and a detailed description of each of the developed procedures. A technological development methodology was implemented in this paper. Also, procedures were developed for the creation of honeypots in Wi-Fi wireless networks and in radio frequency bands, and the approach to the development of a GPS spoofing procedure was included. The latter was explored using software defined radio equipment (SDR) for the impersonation of GPS signals, which allows for the implementation of defense strategies against attacking drones. Finally, a web platform to monitor active decoys, and to register penetration attempts, is described. These penetration attempt records are stored in a blockchain, developed with basis on Ethereum technology. It was found that Wi-Fi and radio frequency wireless networks have vulnerabilities that can be exploited by potential attackers. Also, that the GPS spoofing procedure is much more complex than procedures by wireless networks, but it would allow to take action on attacking drones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chinese citrus fly, Bactrocera minax (Enderlein) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is the most destructive pest in many citrus orchards of south central China. Methyl eugenol and cuelure, 2 potent male lures that are effective for capturing related species, are believed not to attract this species. Limited knowledge is available about the effectiveness of attractant traps for this pest. A field trial was carried out to determine the efficacy of 8 attractant traps to B. minax. The study was conducted during the adult occurrence season in an orchard of navel orange, Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck (Rutaceae), in Zhijiang County, Hunan Province, China, in 2016. To link the efficacy of these attractant traps with the pest population, fruit infestations in the orchard also were investigated. As expected, this study confirmed that methyl eugenol and cuelure were not attractive to B. minax. Green-colored sticky spheres trapped significantly more flies and males than methyl eugenol and cuelure-baited traps. On average, ammonium acetate + putrescine trapped more females than males, but it was not statistically better than any of the other tested attractant traps. Fruit infestation rates by B. minax ranged from 0.7 to 11.1% in the replicates. Judging by the results of trapping and actual field infestation, it appears that trap effectiveness of the 8 attractant traps was low. A more potent attractant trap is needed, especially for early detection of the pest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several species of invasive fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are among the most damaging pests of agricultural crops in the world. Detection of these pests relies primarily on traps baited with male-specific lures. Traps with protein food baits are also employed to attract females, but these baits are fairly weak, and there is considerable interest in developing more powerful lures for female tephritids. Recently, a plug that emits cucumber volatiles was developed as a lure for cucurbit-infesting species, and a recent field study showed that traps baited with these plugs attracted more females of the Australian cucurbit pest Bactrocera cucumis (French) than traps containing a protein bait. The objective of the present study was to gather additional data regarding captures of a closely related species, the melon fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett), in traps baited with a torula yeast and borax (TYB) solution (a standard food lure) compared with traps baited with the cucumber volatile (CV) plug. Data collected from 5 locations on Oahu, Hawaii, showed that traps baited with the TYB solution captured significantly more melon flies than traps baited with the CV plugs. At 4 sites, where hosts were scattered, melon fly captures were relatively low, and males were trapped in significantly greater numbers than females in both TYB- and CV-baited traps. At the remaining site, hosts were very abundant, melon fly captures were high, and females were trapped in significantly greater numbers than males in both TYB- and CV-baited traps. Possible explanations for the superior performance of TYB-baited traps are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Japanese orange fly, Bactrocera tsuneonis (Miyake) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is one of the most destructive pests of citrus. The pest has formerly been recorded in Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Sichuan, Taiwan, and Yunnan in China. Here, we report the first occurrence of B. tsuneonis in Guangdong, the southernmost province of mainland China. The adults were trapped from late Apr to late Sep in 2016. A total of 27 adults (13 males and 14 females) of B. tsuneonis were captured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The African fig fly, Zaprionus indianus Gupta (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is an invasive fruit pest that has spread rapidly through much of the eastern United States. Tests were conducted in southern Florida that recorded the response of Z. indianus to baits that included Merlot wine, rice vinegar, ethanol and acetic acid, alone and in combination. The flies were attracted to the wine but not to the vinegar or unbaited traps and were most strongly attracted to the combination of wine and vinegar. More flies were captured in traps baited with the combination of ethanol and acetic acid, the most abundant volatiles of wine and vinegar respectively, than in traps baited with either chemical alone or in unbaited traps. A subsequent test found that traps baited with wine plus acetic acid were as attractive as traps baited with wine plus vinegar. In this test, there was no difference in capture in unbaited traps or traps baited with ethanol plus acetic acid, and intermediate capture was obtained in traps baited with vinegar plus ethanol. These findings suggest that it may be possible to develop a synthetic chemical lure for Z. indianus that is based on volatiles from wine used in combination with acetic acid alone or in combination with other volatiles from vinegar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]