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[Objective] New energy power generation is expected to continue its development characterized by large scale, high proportion, marketization and high quality in the future. Advancing the energy revolution and accelerating the development of new energy systems are significantly influenced by meteorological issues. [Method] This study analyzed the relationship between key aspects of new energy systems and weather and climate. It highlighted the important role of meteorological work for new energy systems in three fields: support, integration and guarantee. The study presented the development history of wind and solar energy resource assessment technologies in China, covering resource assessment technology, assessment methods for technically available resources and key technical issues for the latest round of wind and solar energy resource censuses. Additionally, it examined the forecast demand and forecast period divisions for wind and solar energy, introduced the technical progress and main products of the China meteorological administration in ultra-short, short, medium, and long-term forecasts, and discussed the implementation of the precise meteorological service demonstration plan for wind and solar power generation (SDP). [Result] Wind and solar energy resource assessment technologies have seen significant improvements; however, they also face challenges posed by large-scale wind turbine generation systems and the diversified utilization of solar energy. Consequently, there is a pressing need to continuously develop new resource assessment technologies to meet the demands of the energy industry. Additionally, enhancing the accuracy of wind and solar energy forecasts requires breakthroughs in methodology. Developing meteorological forecast correction and power prediction models for wind and solar power generation stations, based on the principle of applying a tailored policy to each station, will be a crucial strategy for enhancing forecast accuracy. [Conclusion] Meteorological work should be guided by the Guidelines for High-Quality Meteorology Development (2022-2035) issued by the State Council. It is essential to continually strengthen scientific and technological innovation, as well as social service capabilities, in order to make positive contributions to the high-quality development of new energy systems.

The solubility data of spectinomycin dihydrochloride pentahydrate (SDP) in three binary solvents were determined over a temperature range of 278.15–318.15 K by the gravimetric method. Among the selected binary solvents, the solubility of SDP increased with the rise in temperature and initial methanol composition of binary solvents, and the general order of solubility of SDP under the same conditions was: (methanol + ethanol) > (methanol + n-propanol) > (methanol + i-propanol). Subsequently, solubility–temperature models including van't Hoff equation, λh equation, Yaws equation, and Apelblat equation; solubility–solvent composition models including general single model; solubility–temperature and solvent composition models including NRTL equation and modified Jouyban–Acree model were used to correlate the solubility data. Regarding the application of the NRTL equation in binary solvent systems, the influence of solvent composition on model parameters was first taken into account by introducing a solvent composition correction factor, thereby exhibiting an enhancement in fitting accuracy. To gain deeper insights into the dissolving behavior of SDP, molecular electrostatic potential surface, Hirshfeld surface analysis and the KAT-LSER model were applied to analyze the molecular interactions between SDP molecules and the solvent effects. Meanwhile, entire solubility data in three binary solvent systems at 298.15 K were associated as a function of solvent properties on the basis of KAT-LSER model. The results revealed that SDP primarily acts as hydrogen bond acceptors in solution, and polar interactions between SDP and solvent molecules can play a crucial role in promoting the dissolution of SDP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tässä artikkelissa käsittelen Väinö Hakkilan (1882–1958) huomattavaa elämäntyötä juridisesti ja sosiaalisesti heikoimmassa asemassa olevien suomalaisten aseman edistämiseksi. Hakkilan panostusta tasa-arvoisemman ja oikeudenmukaisemman Suomen rakentajana ei näkemykseni mukaan ole aiemmassa historiankirjoituksessa huomioitu riittävästi. Käytän lähteinä Väinö Hakkilan asianajotoimintaa käsittelevää arkistoaineistoa ja eduskunnan pöytäkirjoja ja lainvalmisteluasiakirjoja. Hakkila kiinnitti aivan erityistä huomiota sisällissodassa surmattujen ja vangittujen kohtaloon sekä naisten oikeudellisesti miestä heikompaan asemaan. Hakkila edisti punavankien asemaa perustamalla lakiasiaintoimiston ja tekemällä ylimmille oikeusvalvojille raportteja vankien huonosta ja oikeusvaltion vastaisesta kohtelusta. Päättelen, että nämä tehtävät päätyivät Hakkilalle osittain siksi, koska hän oli harvoja työväenliikkeen lakimiehiä, joita ei oltu vangittu sisällissodan seurauksena. Oikeusministerinä Hakkila antoi eduskunnalle lakiesityksen uudeksi aviokaareksi, joka huomattavasti paransi avioituneiden naisten oikeudellista asemaa. Hän avasi myös useita virkoja naisten haettavaksi. Varsinkin naisten oikeudellisen aseman edistämisen hän koki henkilökohtaisesti hyvin tärkeäksi. Väinö Hakkila (1882–1958) was one of the most significant actors of the social democratic labor movement after the civil war. In this article, I discuss Väinö Hakkila's remarkable life's work to promote the status of legally and socially disadvantaged Finns. In my view, Hakkila's contribution as a builder of a more equal and fair Finland has not been sufficiently taken into account in previous historiography. I use archival material about Väinö Hakkila's legal practice and parliamentary minutes and law preparation documents as sources. Hakkila paid special attention to the fate of those killed and imprisoned in the civil war, and to the legally weaker position of women than men. I will find out how Hakkila concretely influenced the Red prisoners and to improve the legal status of women. Hakkila promoted the status of red prisoners by establishing a legal office and making reports to the highest judicial supervisors about the poor treatment of prisoners and against the rule of law. I conclude that these tasks fell to Hakkila in part because he was one of the few lawyers in the labor movement who had not been imprisoned as a result of the civil war. As Minister of Justice, Hakkila presented a bill to parliament for a new marriage arc, which significantly improved the legal status of married women. He also opened several positions for women to apply for. He felt that the promotion of the legal status of women in particular was very important personally.

The software Defect Prediction (SDP) model uses previously learned data to predict whether a future example (such as a file, class, or module) will be defective or not. Accurate forecast results can help software testers arrange testing resources more efficiently. Nonetheless, there are still difficulties in more exact and reliable defect predictions. This study presents the SDP-CMPOA framework, which stands for Software Defect Prediction Crossover with Brownian Motion-based Pelican Optimization Algorithm. The stages of the approach are pre-processing, feature extraction, feature selection, and detection. The preprocessing stage involves improved data normalization. Higher-order statistical features, enhanced statistical features, and raw features are all taken from the pre-processed data. The primary barrier to precise software defect detection and hence adhering to the ideal feature selection method will be the curse of dimensionality. This research proposes a novel Crossover with the Brownian motion-based Pelican Optimization Algorithm for selecting the best features (CMPOA). Finally, hybrid classifiers like Improved Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory (Bi-LSTM and) Deep Max out models are employed for defect prediction. The classifier analysis of KCI/SDP dataset accuracy of the projected model is 9.17%, 9.6%, 7.20%, 13.3%, and 5.7% better than the other methods such as DBN, SVM, CNN, RF, RNN, and SDP- CMPOA respectively at the 60th learning percentage. The efficiacy of the SDP-CMPOA is examined in comparison to other extant schemes with respect to certain measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In wide area SDP networks, the failure of SDP components caused by malicious attacks will be accompanied by different deployment locations, profoundly affecting network service latency. However, traditional deployment methods based on prior knowledge are no longer applicable to dynamic SDP networks. This article proposes a dynamic and dimensionally variable deployment mechanism DDPG-SDPCR for SDP components based on DDPG, which enhances the network's endogenous security capability and improves attack tolerance. Based on this, we constructed corresponding mathematical models for latency, load balancing, and attack tolerance. The DDPG-SDPCR mechanism dynamically deploys new SDP nodes to replace faulty nodes based on the real-time status of the network, thereby achieving imperceptible attack tolerance for users. We have implemented a wide area SDP prototype with endogenous security capabilities and evaluated it under different network topologies, traffic sizes, and network attacks. The evaluation results indicate that under high traffic conditions, our proposed redeployment mechanism outperforms the baseline by 36.42% in latency, and only increases by 19.24% compared to the non attacked situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's interconnected world, the line that separates the network perimeter can no longer be identified. This has led to the development of Zero Trust Networking (ZTN) and Software Defined Perimeter (SDP) concepts, which aim to extend the perimeter of trust to every entity connected to the network regardless of their physical location. However, implementing complex security mechanisms and constant trust assurance for every interaction can be challenging. One solution is integrating blockchain technology into Zero Trust to provide security. Blockchain offers features such as data decentralization, anonymity, cryptography, and immutable record of transactions that can be utilized. This work proposes a mechanism for secure service session management using blockchain capabilities. Non-fungible tokens (NFT) are applied to access and provider tokens representing a policy agreement for service consumption. These tokens are mapped to the public addresses of entities registered in the blockchain. The proposal is realized through an open-source Zero Trust platform and a private Ethereum blockchain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Angle-of-arrival (AOA) measurements are often used in underwater acoustical localization. Different from the traditional AOA model based on azimuth and elevation measurements, the AOA model studied in this paper uses bearing measurements. It is also often used in the Ultra-Short Baseline system (USBL). However, traditional acoustical localization needs additional range information. If the range information is unavailable, the closed-form solution is difficult to obtain only with bearing measurements. Thus, a localization closed-form solution using only bearing measurements is explored in this article. A pseudo-linear measurement model between the source position and the bearing measurements is derived, and considering the nonlinear relationship of the parameters, a weighted least-squares optimization equation based on multiple constraints is established. Different from the traditional two-step least-squares method, the semidefinite programming (SDP) method is designed to obtain the initial solution, and then a bias compensation method is proposed to further minimize localization errors based on the SDP result. Numerical simulations show that the performance of the proposed method can achieve Cramer–Rao lower bound (CRLB) accuracy. The field test also proves that the proposed method can locate the source position without range measurements and obtain the highest positioning accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate perinatal outcome in singleton pregnancies at term with isolated oligohydramnios, diagnosed by using the single deepest pocket method. Patients and Methods: In this historic cohort study, the perinatal outcomes of 196 women with isolated oligohydramnios at term, diagnosed by using the single deepest pocket method, were compared to 8,676 women with normal amniotic fluid volume. The primary outcome measure was the Cesarean section rate. Further outcome parameters included the rate of induction of labor, abnormal cardiotocography, umbilical cord pH and base excess, Apgar, meconium-stained liquor and admission to neonatal intensive care unit. Results: In the group with isolated oligohydramnios, there were significantly more Cesarean sections (p=0.0081) and more abnormal cardiotocographies (p=0.0005). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that this difference was seen particularly in nulliparous women (p=0.0025 for Cesarean section and 0.0368 for abnormal cardiotocography). Peripartal and perinatal outcome parameters were not different between the two groups. Conclusion: In women with isolated oligohydramnios at term, there is no impact on fetal outcome. The influence of isolated oligohydramnios on the rate of cesarean section and abnormal cardiotocography is considered to be less than that of parity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is shown that synthesized rare–earth elements – lanthanum and cerium – were detected as a result of the effect of the ultra‑deep penetration process (SDP) on the welding zone of two steel plates. When moving in the welding zone of clumps of microparticles, channels are formed where fibers are formed, in which new chemical elements from the group of rare earth metals – lanthanum and cerium – are synthesized due to additional energy.

Artikkeli käsittelee suojelupoliisin poliittista kontrollia ja julkisuutta vuosina 1969–1982. Aikajakson alkupäätä on kuvailtu suojelupoliisin historiassa suojelupoliisin kriisiksi ja loppupäässä tapahtui suojelupoliisin toiminnassa tärkeä ennaltaehkäisevän turvallisuustyön omaksuminen. Yhtenä johtopäätöksenä on, että hyvin epäilyttävänä nähty suojelupoliisi joutui miettimään uudelleen suhtautumistaan julkisuuteen ja valtionhallintoon 1970- ja 80-luvuilla. Tänä aikana tapahtuneet muutokset olivat avainasemassa suojelupoliisin kehittämisessä ja tulevassa kehityksessä. Yhteiskuntasuhteita ei kuitenkaan hoidettu yleistä informaatiota ja tiedotusta lisäämällä, vaan päinvastoin tiedon ja tiedottamisen entistä tarkemmalla rajaamisella ja suuntaamisella sen kannalta ensiarvoisille valtionhallinnon toimijoille sekä ennen kaikkea henkilökohtaisten suhdeverkostojen avulla. Artikkelissa todetaan, että suojelupoliisin suhde erityisesti SDP:hen ja toisaalta myös presidenttiin olivat avainasemassa suojelupoliisia kohtaan tunnetun luottamuksen kasvussa, joka näkyi 1980-luvun mittaan tapahtuneissa uudistuksissa. Aihetta käsitellään suojelupoliisin, eduskunnan, SDP:n ja lehdistön kautta. The article deals with the political control and publicity of the Finnish Security Police (Suojelupoliisi, Supo) between 1969 and 1982. The early part of the period is described in Supo's history as a crisis, while the latter part of the period saw the introduction of preventive security work, which was important in Supo's activities. One conclusion is that the dubious view of the Supo forced it to rethink its approach to the public and the government in the 1970s and 1980s. The changes that took place during this period were key to its future development. However, public relations was not managed by increasing general information and communication but, on the contrary, by more precisely limiting and targeting information and communication to key actors in the state administration and, above all, through personal networks of contacts. The article concludes that the relationship between the Supo, the Social Democratic Party (SDP) and the President played a key role in the growth of confidence in the Supo, which was reflected in the reforms of the 1980s. The issue is discussed from the perspective of the Supo, Parliament, the SDP and the press.

Background: The purpose of this paper was to identify personal, social, and environmental mediators of recreational physical activity (PA) in a 6-month netball-based intervention for women and girls in Tonga. Methods: Tonga Netball's "low-engagement village program" was implemented in 10 villages and aimed to increase the recreational PA levels in women and girls through a comprehensive, structured community-level netball program addressing key barriers to participation. In a mixed-methods approach, these mediating barriers were identified through qualitative interviews based on the socioecological model. Quantitative measures for mediators and recreational PA were then developed, and data from 301 women and girls were collected. Standard mediation analyses methods were then applied. Results: Program participation appeared to significantly increase PA levels. Statistically significant personal mediators were body issues, preferring competitions, and clothing. Social mediators were support from sports council, community leaders, friends, and church. Environmental mediators were travel time and access to balls, bibs, and umpires. Conclusion: A comprehensive community-level program addressing key participation barriers can increase recreational PA among women and girls in Tonga. Triangulating these results with mediation analyses of variables on the causal pathway can strengthen our understanding of causation and inform funding prioritization for critical program components in similar contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the potential of digitalization to improve participants' skills in the agri-food market. The topic of improving technical mechanisms and software technologies aimed at the qualitative development of e-education in Russia is being updated. The problems of providing the agri-food market with skilled personnel are analyzed. The problems of terminological uncertainty concerning the concepts of digitalization and distance education in computer sciences (informatics), information sciences, and other related scientific fields that have a negative impact on the overall wide turnover of scientific research, are touched upon. The authors propose a single generalized nonhierarchical technological model of the organization of e-education, schematically describing a set of software technologies in the form of a cloud telecommunications system. Particularly, it is recommended to use multicasting technologies and adaptive network means of signal delivery to promote educational content in the form of internet television. The basic integrative network tools and protocols for the specific organization of electronic educational activities via internet television are technically annotated. The conclusions briefly and conceptually reflect the course of the research, as well as the logic of the material analyzed by the authors, summarizing the research work done and to provide some recommendations for the operation of multicasting technology in the form of internet television in Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is twofold: first, to understand the reality of gender disparities in sport in South Sudan, which has not been fully understood; and second, to examine the effects of sporting event interventions, such as whether they can improve gender disparities in sport. In order to achieve the research objectives, quantitative household surveys, focus group discussions and key informant interviews were conducted with Juba citizens before and after the national sporting event held in Juba in 2020. Regarding the reality of gender disparities in sport in Juba, contrary to expectations, we found that more than 75 per cent of men and more than half of women play sports in Juba. However, a breakdown by sport shows that the sports actually played and participation rates are highly skewed by gender; men for football and women for volleyball. Furthermore, it was found that the national sport event intervention increases the probability of playing sport and the number of days playing sport for women more than for men. These findings suggest that the more sport events can be held, the more gender disparities in sport can be improved in South Sudan. In South Sudan, where patriarchy persists, the results show that increasing women's participation in sport may not only reduce gender disparities, but may also entail a change in the traditional social norm to date that women should focus only on childcare and housework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to their symmetrized dot pattern, rolling bearings are more susceptible to noise than time–frequency characteristics. Therefore, this article proposes a symmetrized dot pattern extraction method based on the Frobenius and nuclear hybrid norm penalized robust principal component analysis (FNHN-RPCA) as well as decomposition and reconstruction. This method focuses on denoising the vibration signal before calculating the symmetric dot pattern. Firstly, the FNHN-RPCA is used to remove the non-correlation between variables to realize the separation of feature information and interference noise. After, the residual interference noise, irrelevant information, and fault features in the separated signal are clearly located in different frequency bands. Then, the ensemble empirical mode decomposition is applied to decompose this information into different intrinsic mode function components, and the improved DPR/KLdiv criterion is used to select components containing fault features for reconstruction. In addition, the symmetrized dot pattern is used to visualize the reconstructed signal. Finally, method validation and comparative analysis are conducted on the CWRU datasets and experimental bench data, respectively. The results show that the improved criteria can accurately complete the screening task, and the proposed method can effectively reduce the impact of strong noise interference on SDPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Decarbonization of residential systems is one of the effective ways to achieve the low carbon goal. Due to the advantages of cleanness, efficiency and flexibility, hydrogen fuel cells play a key role in driving the transition to low carbon or carbon-neutral systems. This paper studies the optimal energy scheduling of an off-grid residential cogeneration system composed of a fuel cell, photovoltaic (PV) device, battery, thermal energy storage (TES) and heat pump. With the objective function being fuel cost, the economic optimization scheduling model is developed based on security constraints of devices and power balances of supply and demand. To handle the system uncertainties and achieve global optimality, the stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) algorithm is used, where the random variables are modeled as time-varying Markov chains. Simulation results under the typical winter day scenarios show that the SDP algorithm can achieve efficient scheduling while enhancing the device sustainability. Besides, comparison results with dynamic programming (DP) in scenarios with different uncertainty degrees demonstrate the optimality and robustness of SDP. Additionally, the impact of TES capacity on the system operation is also discussed, which has certain instructive significance for system capacity configuration in terms of economy and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose an inverted approach to the Sparse Principal Component Analysis (SPCA) problem. Most previous research efforts focused on solving the problem of maximizing the variance subject to sparsity constraints or penalizing lack of sparsity. We focus on the problem of minimizing the number of nonzero elements of the loadings subject to a variance constraint. We derive a tractable approach for this problem using Semidefinite Programming (SDP). Our method minimizes a non-convex penalty function mimicking a cardinality penalty function more closely than the convex ℓ 1 norm which has been studied before. We develop a novel iterative weighted ℓ 1 norm minimization algorithm referred to as PCA Sparsified. We develop two algorithms to solve the weighted ℓ 1 norm minimization problem which have different efficiency estimates and computational complexity. Convergence properties of PCA Sparsified are studied. Connections to previously proposed methods are discussed. We introduce a preprocessing method to shrink the problem size which can also be used in previously proposed approaches. Numerical results based on careful implementation show the efficacy and potential of the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers a constrained co-design problem for linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. With a practical vision of real-world problems, constraints on the control signal and system states are involved in the proposed algorithm. The main goal is to design a sub-optimal controller by simultaneously obtaining the control policy and the model parameters. To this end, the conventional problem of solving the Hamiltonian-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation is transformed into a nonlinear non-convex optimisation problem. Then, by reformulating the constraints of the optimisation problem, it is relaxed into a convex Semi-Definite Programming (SDP). By presenting an iterative method, the control cost, the performance, and the number of iterations are improved compared to conventional methods, and a closer result to the optimal solution is obtained. The performance and efficacy of the proposed algorithm are investigated through a case study on the physical load positioning system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even before Abongile was born, his father named him Maradona. Such prophetic naming holds within the lingering desire of an oppressed man to rid himself of his subalternity. While the charm of professional soccer stirs such emotions, the traction of sport among the poor is used as a 'hook' to attract them to development programmes. Branded as sports-for-development-and-peace, SDP projects are widespread across South African townships. Ethnography of an SDP project-in-the-making involving Abongile/Maradona is presented to examine how individual aspirations find expression in projects of collective development. The history of the agrarian labour economy of the Western Cape provides the scaffolding for the social relations and altruistic motivations over which this project unfolds. Despite explicit claims to attract at-risk youth, SDP practices entice those convinced of sport's moralizing potential. SDP discourse represents the visions and ideologies of those wanting to develop the inferior (sub) others (alterns), while obscuring the predicaments of those being developed. As fate would have it, Abongile could not become as 'good' at soccer as Diego and SDP's moral politics would not have him be as 'bad' as aspects of the real Maradona's personal life. As a subaltern of SDP, Maradona is undone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employability is the ability to find and maintain employment, and students often prioritize developing their employability skills to increase their chances of securing a job after graduation. However, despite taking steps to enhance their employability, challenges such as a highly competitive job market, limited job opportunities in their chosen field, and a lack of experience or relevant skills can still hinder a student's ability to secure employment. Hence, addressing these challenges requires a thorough understanding of the existing initiatives taken by stakeholders, as well as identifying the gaps in those initiatives. A suggested plan of action highlighting the challenges and solutions to those challenges can help bridge these gaps and provide a solid solution. Implementation methods such as Personalised Learning, Skill Matching, Decentralised Learning, Automated Record Keeping, Micro-credentials, and Verifiable Credentials can better prepare students for the job market. A coordinated effort among stakeholders, including educators, employers, and government agencies, can help ensure the success of these initiatives while keeping in mind the exciting future field of study involving the Brain-Computer Interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A spherical antenna array (SAA) is an array-designed arrangement capable of scanning in almost all the radiation sphere with constant directivity. It finds recent applications in aerospace, spacecraft, vehicular and satellite communications. Therefore, estimation of the direction-of-arrival (DoA) of electromagnetic (EM) waves that impinge on an SAA with unknown mutual coupling called for research attention. This paper proposed a spherical harmonic atomic norm minimization (SHANM) for DoA estimation using an SAA configuration. The gridless sparse signal recovery problem is considered in the spherical harmonic (SH) domain in conjunction with the atomic norm minimization (ANM). Because of the unavailability of the Vandermonde structure in the SH domain, the theorem of Vandermonde decomposition that is the mathematical basis of the traditional ANM methods finds no application in SH. Addressing this challenge, a low-dimensional semidefinite programming (SDP) approach implementing the SHANM method is developed. This approach is independent of Vandermonde decomposition, and directly recovers the atomic decomposition in SH. The numerical experimental results show the superior performance of the proposed method against the previous methods. In addition, accounting for the impacts of mutual coupling, an experimental measured data, which is the generally accepted ground of testing any method, is employed to illustrate the efficacy and robustness of the proposed methods. Finally, for achieving DoA estimation with sufficient localization accuracy using a SAA, the proposed SHANM-based method is a better option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mafic intrusive Moskin and Parvaneh regions in the northwest and south of Urmia were investigated for their geochemistry and petro-physical properties such as size, shape, and spatial distribution of their crystals. This type of study can be a powerful tool for analyzing the history of magma crystallization, along with geochemistry examinations. The gabbroic calc-alkaline rocks, with the Early Cenozoic is the relative age, consist of coarse plagioclase and amphibole with rare clinopyroxene and olivine in the Sanandaj–Sirjan zone at sedimentary-structural subdivisions of Iran. The depletion of HFSEs and enrichment of LILEs as arc-related rocks, as well as lower crust contamination (Nb/Th and K/Ce) symptoms, show that these gabbros formed at the continental arc setting from an enriched source. Considering the geographical position and relative age of the gabbros, they possibly outcropped during the Neo-Tethys subduction processes after the enrichment by considerably lower crust effects. The amphibole and plagioclase crystals with considerable abundance show linear crystal size distribution (CSD) patterns with a slope of (− 1/Gt) − 3 to − 4 for amphiboles and plagioclase except for Parvaneh plagioclase which shows − 16. The annealing (Ostwald ripening) caused the convex CSD on the small grains part at Parvaneh gabbro. Therefore, the ratio of nucleation to growth rates (J/G) for these minerals is 5–6 times, only for Parvaneh plagioclase is ten times which numerous nuclei were made by a significant degree of overstepping in the rocks. There is no magma mixing evidence because of the linear (one population of crystals) CSD patterns. The shape of amphibole crystals in gabbros is bladed (with S/I = 0.4–0.5 and I/L = 0.1–0.3) and bladed to tabular for plagioclase (S/I = 0.4 and I/L = 0.6–0.7). The spatial distribution patterns (SDPs) are calculated from a big R-value based on the nearest neighbor's theory for amphibole and plagioclase crystals, confirming clustered SDP for all of them. Also, the dihedral angle measurements (between amphibole and plagioclase grains) display that solid-state equilibrium is prevailing in the rocks. In this study, we tried to establish a relationship between geochemistry and petro-physical results and investigate the evolution of igneous rocks more accurately and all-inclusive. We should not neglect the importance of quantifying the texture of rocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Introduction Despite contraceptive behaviors are influenced by multiple and multilevel variables, studies on modern contraceptive use in Indonesia has concentrated on single-level and mostly individual and household variables, and less interest has been devoted to multilevel analysis that accounts for community and SDP characteristics that may affect woman’s decision to use modern FP method. This study aimed to assess the role of structural and process quality of family planning care in modern contraceptive use among women in reproductive ages in Indonesia. Methods This study analyzed data from the 2016 PMA2020 survey of 10,210 women in 372 enumeration areas in Indonesia. The data were analyzed using categorical principal component analysis and multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression. Results The key variables for structural quality were number of contraceptive provided, SDP supports CHWs, available water and electricity, and skilled FP personnel, while the main factors for process quality were privacy of clients and provision of post-abortion service. There were significant differences across communities in how study variables associated with modern FP adoption. The finding shows the evidence of significant roles of structural and process quality FP care in modern contraceptive use. Moreover, women with high autonomy in FP decision, those who had free national/district health insurance, and those living in a community with higher proportion of women visited by CHW, had higher odds of modern contraceptive usage. Yet, women who live in a community with higher mean ideal number of children or greater proportion of women citing personal/husband/religion opposition to FP, had lower odds of modern contraceptive use than their counterparts. Conclusion Study findings suggest improvement in structural and process quality of FP care will yield substantial growths in modern contraceptive use. Moreover, FP workers should also address adverse cultural/traditional customs in community and should target communities where the demand for modern FP was degraded by opposing social beliefs and norms. There was significant variation across communities in how individual, household, community, and SDP factors affect modern FP practice, hence, context should be taken into consideration in the development of FP intervention and promotion programs.

We study the phase synchronization problem with noisy measurements $Y=z^{*}z^{* { \mathrm {\scriptscriptstyle H} }}+\sigma W\in \mathbb {C}^{n\times n}$ , where $z^{*}$ is an $n$ -dimensional complex unit-modulus vector and $W$ is a complex-valued Gaussian random matrix. It is assumed that each entry $Y_{jk}$ is observed with probability $p$. We prove that an SDP relaxation of the MLE achieves the error bound $(1+o(1))\frac {\sigma ^{2}}{2np}$ under a normalized squared $\ell _{2}$ loss. This result matches the minimax lower bound of the problem, and even the leading constant is sharp. The analysis of the SDP is based on an equivalent non-convex programming whose solution can be characterized as a fixed point of the generalized power iteration lifted to a higher dimensional space. This viewpoint unifies the proofs of the statistical optimality of three different methods: MLE, SDP, and generalized power method. The technique is also applied to the analysis of the SDP for $\mathbb {Z}_{2}$ synchronization, and we achieve the minimax optimal error $\exp \left ({-(1-o(1))\frac {np}{2\sigma ^{2}}}\right)$ with a sharp constant in the exponent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to deal with the shortcomings (such as poor robustness) of the traditional single-channel vibration signal in the comprehensive monitoring of the gearbox fault state, a multi-channel decision-level fusion algorithm was proposed based on symmetrized dot pattern (SDP) analysis, with the visual geometry group 16 network (VGG16) fault diagnosis model. Firstly, the SDP method was used to convert the vibration signal of a single multi-channel sensor into an imaging arm. Secondly, the obtained image arm was input into the VGG16 convolutional neural network in order to train the fault diagnosis model that can be obtained. Then, the SDP images of the signals that were to be measured from multiple multi-channel sensors were input into the fault diagnosis model, and the diagnosis results of multiple multi-channel sensors could then be obtained. Experimentally, it was demonstrated that the diagnostic results of multi-channel sensors one, two, and three were more accurate than those of single-channel sensors one, two, and three, by 3.01%, 16.7%, and 5.17%, respectively. However, the fault generation was not generated in a single direction, but rather multiple directions. In order to improve the comprehensiveness of the raw vibration data, a fusion method using DS (Dempster–Shafer) evidence theory was proposed in order to fuse multiple multi-channel sensors, in which the accuracy achieved 99.93% when sensor one and sensor two were fused, which was an improvement of 8.88% and 1.02% over single sensors one and two, respectively. When sensor one and sensor three were fused, the accuracy reached 99.31%, which was an improvement of 8.31% and 6.17% over single sensors one and three, respectively. When sensor two and sensor three were fused, the accuracy reached 99.91%, which was an improvement of 1.00% and 6.74% over single sensors two and three, respectively. When three sensors were fused simultaneously, the accuracy reached 99.99%, which was 8.93%, 1.08%, and 6.81% better than single sensors one, two, and three, respectively. Therefore, it can be proved that the number of sensor channels has a great influence on the diagnosis results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Signal propagation attenuation is greater in the post-disaster collapsed environment than that it is indoor or outdoor. The transmission environment is seriously affected by multi-path and non-line-of-sight transmission. When the signals penetrate the ruins and reach the receiver, their power may become very weak, which greatly affects the success rate of signal acquisition by the receiver. In the post-disaster environment, wireless signal propagation is severely blocked, which leads to serious signal attenuation and non-line-of-sight propagation, and signal acquisition distance and direction of detection equipment are limited. An optimization method of post-disaster wireless positioning detection equipment based on semi-deterministic programming was proposed, which allowed us to construct a location model of multiple detection equipment. The decision variable with variable nodes was generated. The reference node and penalty function were determined by fast rough positioning of the target. The node selection algorithm based on semi-definite programming was used to find the optimal node combination and complete the precise location. The performance of this algorithm was better than other known SDP optimization algorithms for reference nodes, and the correct selection accuracy of locating nodes was higher than 90%. Compared with the fixed main nodes, the positioning accuracy of the optimization algorithm was improved by 15.8%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some hydropower reservoirs are operated under different constraint levels. For these reservoirs, a multi-level (ML) dependent-chance (DC) model is established. In the model, only when the higher-level constraints are satisfied are the lower-level constraints or system benefits considered. The multi-level dependent-chance (MLDC) model is specified by two models. One is based on existing reliability-constrained (RC) dynamic programming (DP), in which the soft constraints are addressed using reliability constraints of 1, and the priorities are reflected using the order of magnitudes of Lagrange multipliers. The other is the explicit dependent-chance reasoning in the DP recursive function, in which each soft constraint is represented as an objective function of negative expected failure time and the optimum is the solution with a larger value for all higher-level objective functions. The proposed models are applied to derive long-term operation rules for the hydropower system on the middle-lower Lancang River. The results show the feasibility and performances of the explicit graded constraint control of the proposed model and the solution methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nonlinear conjugate gradient (NLCGM) methods have received attention because due to their simplicity, low memory requirements, and global convergent property, which allows them to be used directly to solve large-scale nonlinear unconstrained optimization problems. We suggested a modification to the βKMARk formula, applied with three-term conjugate gradient method that is both simple and effective, denoted by (TTKMAR), which has a sufficient descent property (SDP) and ensures global convergence (GCP) when we use any line search. The numerical efficiency of TTKMAR was assessed using a variety of standard test functions. TTCGM has been demonstrated to be more numerically efficient than two-term CG methods. This paper also quantifies the difference between TTCGM and two-term methods of performance. As a result, we compare our new modification to an efficient two-term and TTCGM in the numerical results. Finally, we conclude that our proposed modification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A decision-level approach using multi-sensor-based symmetry dot pattern (SDP) analysis with a Visual Geometry Group 16 network (VGG16) fault diagnosis model for multi-source information fusion was proposed to realize accurate and comprehensive fault diagnosis of gearbox gear teeth. Firstly, the SDP technique was used to perform a feature-level fusion of the fault states of gearbox gear collected by multiple sensors, which could initially visualize the vibration states of the gear teeth in different states. Secondly, the SDP images obtained were combined with the deep learning VGG16. In this way, the local diagnostic results of each sensor can be easily obtained. Finally, the local diagnostic results of each sensor were combined with the DS evidence theory to achieve decision-level fusion, which can better realize comprehensive fault detection for gearbox gear teeth. Before fusion, the accuracies of the three sensors were 96.43%, 93.97%, and 93.28%, respectively. When sensor 1 and sensor 2 were fused, the accuracy reached 99.93%, which is 3.52% and 6.34% better than when using sensors 1 and 2, respectively, alone. When sensor 1 and sensor 3 were fused, the accuracy reached 99.96%, marking an improvement of 3.36% and 6.85% over individual use of sensors 1 and 3, respectively. When sensor 2 and sensor 3 were fused, the accuracy reached 99.40%, which is 5.78% and 6.56% better than individual use of sensors 2 and 3, respectively. When the three sensors were fused simultaneously, the accuracy reached 99.98%, which is 3.68%, 6.40%, and 7.18% better than individual use of sensors 1, 2, and 3, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid increase in data traffic is forcing mobile network operators to enhance and expand their network infrastructure to meet the new requirements of customers’ Service Level Agreements (SLA). Network Function Virtualization (NFV) provides abstractions of core network functions from the vendor-specific hardware. This allows the network functions to move around the cloud, providing better performance and scaling capabilities. However, deploying virtualized mobile core network in the cloud environment opens many security concerns not only regarding communication between the Radio Access Network (RAN) and the mobile core network but also within the core network itself. In this paper, we propose a framework called virtual Evolved Packet Core - virtual Software Defined Perimeter (vEPC-vSDP) to provide secure communications within the mobile core network by using an authentication-based approach. The SDP components are virtualized and placed within the virtualized core network to provide a zero-trust environment where only authenticated and authorized core network elements can have access to one another. The analysis of the proposed vEPC-vSDP framework confirms its ability to shield the core network traffic from both external and internal attacks. The vEPC-vSDP framework was implemented and tested against Denial of Service (DoS), Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) and port scanning attacks to demonstrate the resilience of the proposed framework. The results show the capability of vEPC-vSDP to provide secure communication path to mobile core network elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cooperative localization in wireless sensor network (WSN) using biased received signal strength (RSS) measurements is investigated in this letter. In the existing work on cooperative RSS localization, measurements of sensor nodes (including both target-anchor and target-target measurements) are generally assumed bias-free. However, in practice, they may be subject to biases, which directly affect localization accuracy. As a result, the existing localization methods are not applicable any more. In this letter, RSS observation biases are considered as the extra parameters to be estimated as well as locations of target nodes. To overcome the nonconvexity of the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator, semidefinite programming (SDP) is applied with $l_{1}$ and $l_{2}$ norms, respectively. Then, the locations of multiple target nodes and observation biases are simultaneously estimated through convex optimization. Numerical examples demonstrate the performance superiority of the proposed methods compared to the existing bias-free SDP methods for wireless cooperative localization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT An in-depth understanding of microbial function and the division of ecological niches requires accurate delineation and identification of microbes at a fine taxonomic resolution. Microbial phylotypes are typically defined using a 97% small subunit (16S) rRNA threshold. However, increasing evidence has demonstrated the ubiquitous presence of taxonomic units of distinct functions within phylotypes. These so-called sequence-discrete populations (SDPs) have used to be mainly delineated by disjunct sequence similarity at the whole-genome level. However, gene markers that could accurately identify and quantify SDPs are lacking in microbial community studies. Here, we developed a pipeline to screen single-copy protein-coding genes that could accurately characterize SDP diversity via amplicon sequencing of microbial communities. Fifteen candidate marker genes were evaluated using three criteria (extent of sequence divergence, phylogenetic accuracy, and conservation of primer regions) and the selected genes were subject to test the efficiency in differentiating SDPs within Gilliamella, a core honeybee gut microbial phylotype, as a proof-of-concept. The results showed that the 16S V4 region failed to report accurate SDP diversities due to low taxonomic resolution and changing copy numbers. In contrast, the single-copy genes recommended by our pipeline were able to successfully quantify Gilliamella SDPs for both mock samples and honeybee guts, with results highly consistent with those of metagenomics. The pipeline developed in this study is expected to identify single-copy protein coding genes capable of accurately quantifying diverse bacterial communities at the SDP level. IMPORTANCE Microbial communities can be distinguished by discrete genetic and ecological characteristics. These sequence-discrete populations are foundational for investigating the composition and functional structures of microbial communities at high resolution. In this study, we screened for reliable single-copy protein-coding marker genes to identify sequence-discrete populations through our pipeline. Using marker gene amplicon sequencing, we could accurately and efficiently delineate the population diversity in microbial communities. These results suggest that single copy protein-coding genes can be an accurate, quantitative, and economical alternative for characterizing population diversity. Moreover, the feasibility of a gene as marker for any bacterial population identification can be quickly evaluated by the pipeline proposed here.

Background: Subdural collections consist amongst others of cerebrospinal, inflammatory, haemorrhagic or infective fluid. While these accumulations can be treated with conservative or surgical measures, such as burr hole evacuation or craniotomy, clinicians may resort to implantation of a subduro-peritoneal shunt, due to their high recurrence rates. While this treatment option is widely used in the pediatric population, its efficacy and safety in adults is scarcely reported., Methods: This project is a retrospective case series of 25 adult patients, who underwent subduro-peritoneal shunt (SDPS) implantation between December 2008 and June 2021. The indications included symptomatic subdural collections following trauma, tumor resection or bone flap reimplantation. In general, adjustable valves were used. All patients received a pre- and postoperative computed tomography (CT) scan. We evaluated patients' postoperative clinical outcomes as well as radiographic criteria, including midline shift, frontal horn width and collection volume. Additionally, we analyzed shunt-related complications., Results: Impaired consciousness was the commonest presenting symptom. We report a significant reduction in volume and width of the subdural collection after SDP shunt implantation. Furthermore, the midline shift decreased significantly. While 60 % (N=15) of the patients improved clinically, only 12 % (N=3) deteriorated. Complications comprised infection in 12 % (N=3) of patients and valve dysfunction in 1 patient., Conclusions: Our study shows that SDPS in adults is an effective treatment to eliminate or reduce subdural collections, that improves clinical outcomes in the majority of patients. Hence, it should be utilised more widely in this patient population. However, further studies are necessary to validate the treatment and identify eligible patients., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Declarations of interest None., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Antibody‐mediated transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) is caused by donor HLA or HNA antibodies in plasma‐containing products. In the Netherlands 55,000 units of solvent/detergent plasma (SDP), a pooled plasma product, are transfused yearly. It's produced by combining plasma from hundreds of donors, diluting harmful antibodies. Due to a lack of reported cases following implementation, some have labeled SDP as "TRALI safe". Study design and methods: Pulmonary transfusion reactions involving SDP reported to the Dutch national hemovigilance network in 2016–2019 were reviewed. Reporting hospitals were contacted for additional information, cases with TRALI and imputability definite, probable, or possible were included and informed consent was sought. Results: A total of three TRALI and nine TACO cases were reported involving SDP. The imputability of one TRALI case was revised from possible to unlikely and excluded; in one case no informed consent was obtained. We present a case description of TRALI following SDP transfusion in a 69‐year‐old male, 3 days following endovascular aortic aneurysm repair. The patient received one unit of SDP to correct a heparin‐induced coagulopathy, prior to removal of a spinal catheter post‐operatively. Within five hours he developed hypoxemic respiratory failure requiring intubation, hypotension, bilateral chest infiltrates, and leucopenia. The patient made a full recovery. Conclusion: This case of TRALI, following transfusion of a single unit of SDP to a patient without ARDS risk factors, demonstrates that TRALI can occur with this product. Clinicians should remain vigilant and continue to report suspected cases, to help further understanding of SDP‐associated TRALI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the recent advancements in the power electronics industry, high implementation of distributed energy resources and an increased number of sensitive AC and DC loads have led to unconventional hybrid AC/MTDC systems. This paper proposes an optimal power flow (OPF) for hybrid AC/MTDC (multi-terminal DC) systems while considering the losses of lines and converters. The impact of both is studied across the system to achieve an optimal solution using a semidefinite programming (SDP) algorithm. In addition, a multi-objective function is implemented to minimize the losses of lines and converters under a certain set of constraints covering both sides of the grid. The rationale of this paper is that the number of voltage source converters (VSCs) in distribution systems has boosted in recent years, which may result in considerable losses; therefore, an OPF-based SDP model is presented to obtain a global optimal result. The systems under test are a modified CIGRE B4 DC test system as well as an IEEE 33-bus hybrid AC/DC distribution system, both of which have been adapted to serve the purpose of this paper. The simulation results are conducted in a MATLAB environment to verify the effectiveness of the proposed technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]