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Independent transport mobility is an important contributor to health, well-being, and participation. Several skills and competences are required for a person to use the transport system. The characteristics of cognitive disorders, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), may pose barriers to independent travel. Methods: The study's aim was to synthesise knowledge on the use of public transport among individuals with ASD or ADHD using the whole journey chain perspective. A scoping review using the PRISMA ScR framework was conducted, and included articles published between January 2012 and June 2022. A total of 11 studies from four countries were included in the analysis. Results: This study complements the whole journey chain perspective with a phase that takes place long before the journey begins, and which concerns planning and preparation. Confident travellers could easily learn new routes, while those lacking confidence faced challenges, especially with unexpected route changes or cancellations. Conclusions: There is a great need for emphasis on the design of public transport facilities and public spaces to increase the sense of safety for travellers with ASD, and to assist them with information-seeking, comprehension, and recovery between journeys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has attested to the importance of three lower-order executive functions (EFs; inhibition, shifting, and updating) and visual attention (VA) for sport performance. However, there is limited research examining the association between EF and VA in sport. The present study systematically reviewed literature from Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE, APA PsycInfo, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, and Discover EBSCO that examined both EF and VA in sport following PRISMA guidelines. Experiments that were full-texts published in English, contained original data, quantitatively measured EF and VA, and allowed for direct or inferred comments on the relationship between EF and VA were eligible for inclusion. Twenty-two experiments met the inclusion criteria. Results showed large discrepancies in the labelling of sporting expertise, that EF outcomes typically focus on response accuracy over response time, and that quiet eye and number and duration of fixations are popular VA variables. Though limited, studies comparing EF and VA directly indicated a positive relationship suggesting an important link between the two. In sum, more direct assessments of the association between EF and VA are needed to understand their respective and joint contribution to sport performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community language schools provide language and cultural education to young people. Forming a key education sector worldwide with an estimated two million enrolments, these community-run, out-of-hours schools nonetheless tend to be marginalised by 'mainstream' education and 'mainstream' educational research. There has been a dramatic increase in research into community language schools in the past two decades, but there is still no systematic review that analyses the education role and contribution of this sector. This study aims to provide a clear picture of the extent, nature and gaps in the existing research into community language schools from 2001 to 2023. The study tracks how the research focus has shifted and grown in the past decades, but also highlights that the marginalisation of community language schools and research remains. The study directs researchers to relevant publications and suggests issues and topics in need of further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every year, significant resources are devoted to the professional development of educators, warranting a closer evaluation of whether professional development is effective and where it can be improved. Focussing on professional development in intercultural and multicultural education, this article presents a scoping study of relevant literature to identify factors that have been highlighted as helpful and hindering for educators. Peer-reviewed journals from the last two decades were scoped for articles about professional development aimed at Pre-K–12 educators. A literature search of four academic databases identified 159 relevant articles which were then qualitatively coded with NVivo. A numerical analysis identified areas of research concentration and those needing research attention, while a thematic analysis yielded four broad areas of results: teacher capacities and dispositions, features of professional development, professional development activities and professional development topics. Discussion is concentrated on the overall state of the field, particularly on features specific to inter/multicultural professional development such as educator resistance and reluctance, content organisation, the under-utilisation of technology, and safe opportunities for discussion, criticality and meta-cognitive reflection. The article presents results that may inform the design of inter/multicultural professional development in education along with suggested areas for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Alice Springs (Mparntwe) Education Declaration Goal two argues for young Australians 'to understand their responsibilities as global citizens'. In these precarious times, children and youth require (and are demanding) education on how to address the myriad of convergent global challenges that is the focus of global citizenship education (GCE); however, perceived ambiguity is recognised as a barrier to greater GCE uptake. To support teacher uptake of global citizenship education, we searched for and mapped open-access GCE materials to create a systematic, research-based resource catalogue for teachers and students. We employed a scoping study to examine each resource's alignments with Australian Curricula and global GCE frameworks and identified the areas where there is insufficient resourcing. Results showed that most resources were targeted to primary and secondary school students. More materials are needed for early childhood education as well as materials that engage learners of all ages to en/act on their understanding of what global citizenship entails. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sport schools have increased in popularity over the past three decades, and research in the area has proliferated. This study presents an overview of sport school literature, by investigating peer-reviewed articles, summarising the findings of relevant articles, and identifying possible gaps in this research area. In total, 55 articles are included. The descriptive summary reports publication year, study location, research design, methods, theoretical perspectives, population, and sport(s) studied. The thematic overview comprises two primary sections – research about sport schools and research in sport schools. The former cover 'outside' perspectives, such as socio-political and educational policy issues while the latter cover 'inside' perspectives focusing on the actors – student athletes and coaches. In the discussion it is acknowledged that pedagogical perspectives in sport school literature are limited, that research on sport schools' admissions processes is overlooked, and concerns raised as to if sport schools are or should be socially inclusive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scoping review examined what is known in the literature about Hispanic/Latinx unbanked households. It used Arksey and O'Malley's (2005) five-step process to analyze 12 peer-reviewed research articles from preselected databases and journals. Using Braun and Clarke's (2006) Reflexive Thematic Analysis, the author constructed three themes to synthesize the literature. The first theme is about data sets used that include both nationally representative data sets and smaller data sets collected locally. The second theme showed that "unbanked" has not been consistently defined across the literature varying according to the account type, institution type, and account owner. The third theme revealed the reasons why Hispanic/Latinx households might be unbanked. The results have implications for future research and financial practitioners who work with Hispanic/Latinx clientele. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Employee-driven innovation (EDI) occurs when frontline actors in health organizations use their firsthand experience to spur new ideas to transform care. Despite its increasing prevalence in health organizations, the organizational conditions under which EDI is operationalized have received little scholarly attention.Methods This scoping review identifies gaps and assembles existing knowledge on four questions: What is EDI in health organizations and which frontline actors are involved? What are the characteristics of the EDI process? What contextual factors enable or impede EDI? And what benefits does EDI bring to health organizations? We searched seven databases with keywords related to EDI in health organizations. After screening 1580 studies by title and abstract, we undertook full-text review of 453 articles, retaining 60 for analysis. We performed a descriptive and an inductive thematic analysis guided by the four questions.Results Findings reveal an heterogeneous literature. Most articles are descriptive (n = 41). Few studies are conceptual and empirical (n = 15) and four are conference papers. EDI was often described as a participatory, learning innovation process involving frontline clinical and non-clinical staff and managers. Majority EDI were top-down, often driven by the organization’s focus on participatory improvement and innovation and research-based initiatives. Five categories of methods is used in top-down EDI, two thirds of which includes a learning, a team and/or a digital component. Hybrid EDI often involves a team-based component. Bottom-up EDI emerged spontaneously from the work of frontline actors. Enablers, barriers, and benefits of EDI are seen at macro, organizational, team and individual levels; some benefits spread to other health organizations and health systems.Conclusion This scoping review provides a comprehensive understanding of the organizational conditions under which EDI is operationalized. It offers insights for researchers, health organizations, and policy-makers about how and why frontline actors’ involvement is crucial for the transformation of care.

\nPractice points When a coaching process terminates before the end, the organization is mostly at fault (Thompson et al. 2008). Despite this alarming information, the role of the organization in their employees’ coaching process is generally disregarded and minimized. To address this issue, this article presented a scoping study to deepen the understanding of organizational factors influencing coaching effects. In response to calls from researchers who have highlighted the need to include organizational variables in future studies, we identified and analyzed 63 empirical (n = 35), theoretical (n = 6) and practical (n = 22) records. Following analysis, three categories of organizational antecedents of coaching effects were obtained: organizational culture, support, and common goal. Our findings provide an original contribution for organizations and practitioners, as organizations and coaches will be able to better identify the best conditions to promote before, during, and following a coaching process. In turn, this will allow them to facilitate and maintain the positive effects of coaching. Findings, implications, limits, and avenues for future research are discussed. The role of organizations is particularly important in promoting positive coaching effects. Successful conditions must be ensured before, during and following a coaching process to promote and maintain its positive effects. Support from key stakeholders (e.g. supervisors, peers, senior management) and a supportive organizational culture should be implemented to improve the effectiveness of the coaching processes. The role of organizations is particularly important in promoting positive coaching effects.Successful conditions must be ensured before, during and following a coaching process to promote and maintain its positive effects.Support from key stakeholders (e.g. supervisors, peers, senior management) and a supportive organizational culture should be implemented to improve the effectiveness of the coaching processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study of existing research maps out what is known about the work environment of migrant workers employed in the construction sector in Denmark. Through the systematic approach offered by a scoping study and using two conceptual models identifying determinants of worker health and safety as analytical frameworks, we identify an overall paucity of research concerned specifically with the health and safety of migrants. A broader literature shows that migrants are vulnerable workers who are channeled into 3D jobs and face job insecurity. Migrants also face poor treatment and segregation. We conclude by identifying 10 gaps in the current literature, including a lack of valid evidence concerning accidents and risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Churn, the persistent cycling of families in and out of family service programs without sustainable change, places an extremely high burden on families and the broader family services system. Yet, only a handful of studies based in the United States have examined the process of churn. As churn is a novel field of enquiry, this study aimed to generate consensus among key stakeholders who work within the Australian family services sector regarding the definition, implications, and predictors of churn, which will subsequently inform future research and intervention development to mitigate the incidence of churn. Stakeholders were engaged through an initial participatory research workshop, followed by a two-round Delphi study. The findings provided compelling insights into the nature of churn within the context of Australian family services and highlight the importance of substantial systemic change in order to mitigate and address the incidence of churn. IMPLICATIONS The results of this study have provided compelling insights into the process of churn, the client and service-level factors that contribute to it, and the impact it has on families, staff, and the broader family services system. Stakeholders provided several recommendations to inform the development of future interventions that will be applied within the Australian family services system in order to identify and address the specific needs of families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scoping study aimed to answer the question: What is known from existing research studies about the major competencies required of Extension professionals? Scoping studies are characterized by searching the literature to summarize major concepts on a research topic, and they are valuable as they show evidence for the major concepts. This study was limited to research studies of United States’ Extension professionals. The major conclusion from the scoping study is that existing research studies have yielded a rich literature base regarding Extension professional competencies. This scoping study identified 15 Extension professional competency domains: communication, diversity and cultural competence, flexibility, interpersonal relations, knowledge of Extension, leadership, professionalism, program planning and evaluation, resource management, subject matter competence, teaching methodology and delivery, technology, thinking and problem-solving, understanding community needs, and volunteer management. It is recommended that the results inform Extension professional job descriptions and professional learning programs.

Purpose: to determine management problems of ovarian masses in girls in order to form a baseline for prospective randomized studies of the established topics and quality improvement of our management. Materials and Methods: We performed a national analysis of clinical aspects of ovarian masses in girls operated on in Poland, analyzed retrospectively medical files of all consecutive patients aged 0–18 who underwent surgeries for ovarian lesions between 2012 and 2017 at 17 pediatric surgical departments and complemented the analysis with a scoping review of a recent primary research related to ovarian masses in children. Results: The study group comprised 595 patients. Forty-four (7.39%) girls were diagnosed with malignant tumors. The overall preservation rate was 64.54%. The analysis revealed that positive tumor markers (OR = 10.3), lesions larger than 6 cm (OR = 4.17) and solid mass on ultrasound examination (OR = 5.34) are interdependent variables differentiating malignant tumors from non-malignant lesions (X42 = 79.1; p = 0.00000). Our scoping review revealed 10 major branches of research within the topic of ovarian masses in pediatric population. Conclusions: We have developed an overview of the field with the emphasis on the local environment. Our next step is a multi-institutional prospective study of a quality improvement project implementation based on the obtained knowledge.

Migrant workers comprise a significant and growing segment of Australia's non‐professional frontline care workforce. In this article, we offer a scoping study of existing research to investigate what is known about the experiences of migrant workers employed in non‐professional care occupations in Australia. Through a systematic approach, which includes six discrete stages (Arksey and O'Malley, 2005), we find a growing and substantial literature on migrants working in non‐professional care occupations in Australia. However, we also find that only a small number of studies are concerned with the experiences of migrant workers themselves. This article thematically maps out existing knowledge about these workers—including pathways in and out of paid care work, (under)utilisation of skills, cultural meanings attached to paid care work, experiences at work such as racism and language barriers, and finally how care work is situated in relation to workers' private lives. We conclude by identifying major gaps in the literature and outlining important avenues for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Robotic pets (RPs) are being increasingly used with older adults to address behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, and as a companion in aged care facilities. Main benefits include increased well-being and better social interactions. To date, little is known about the use of RPs by healthy older adults outside institutional settings. The aim of this paper is to map the research about the use of RPs in community-dwelling healthy older adults considering the users' perspectives. A scoping review was performed using four databases (Academic Search Complete, Web of Science, PubMed, and SCOPUS), searching for papers published until May 2021. A final selection of ten documents was submitted to thematic analysis. The participants in the studies were all potential users (not actual users, since RPs were still in development). Main findings point to three themes concerning the main expected characteristics of RPs from the perspective of community-dwelling healthy older adults: (i) like reals pets, but with less maintenance; (ii) performing multiple functions, with customizability; (iii) facilitators of interactions without promoting social stigma. Community-dwelling older adults seem open to use a RP as long as it promotes their well-being without facilitating ageism. More research is needed regarding the ethics of using robotics companion pets and comprising a person-centered approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Medical errors were largely concealed prior to the landmark report "To Err Is Human". The purpose of this systematic scoping review was to determine the extent pediatric surgery defines and studies errors, and to explore themes among papers focused on errors in pediatric surgery. Methods: The methodological framework used to conduct this scoping study has been outlined by Arksey and O'Malley. In January 2020, PubMed, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched. Oxford Level of Evidence was assigned to each study; only studies rated Level 3 or higher were included. Results: Of 3,064 initial studies, 12 were included in the final analysis: 4 cohort studies, and 8 outcome/audit studies. This data represented 5,442,000 aggregate patients and 8,893 errors. There were 6 different error definitions and 5 study methods. Common themes amongst the studies included a systems-focused approach, an increase in errors seen with increased complexity, and studies exploring the relationship between error and adverse events. Conclusions: This study revealed multiple error definitions, multiple error study methods, and common themes described in the pediatric surgical literature. Opportunities exist to improve the safety of surgical care of children by reducing errors. Original Scientific Research Type of Study: Systematic Scoping Review Level of Evidence Rating: 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creating sustainable change and fostering collaborative relationships between researchers and stakeholders is a recognized challenge in the field of evaluation. Identifying programme purpose, cultural context, potential challenges, and engaging stakeholders before an evaluation can produce responsive and impactful evaluations. This paper discusses implementing a targeted scoping study within the framework of rapid qualitative research and evaluation. A scoping study enables collaborative decision-making on evaluation priorities, and functions as an evaluability assessment in time-sensitive contexts. In our experience, a scoping study can be carried out in as little as five days or as long as six weeks. It is timely to revisit the question of what factors influence evaluation outcomes, a scoping study can be used to support an evaluation, address access to data and research, and strengthen communication channels. The methodological approach was used to co-produce an evaluation with an NGO that accurately reflected their needs, recognizing possible challenges and solutions., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: to determine management problems of ovarian masses in girls in order to form a baseline for prospective randomized studies of the established topics and quality improvement of our management. Materials and Methods: We performed a national analysis of clinical aspects of ovarian masses in girls operated on in Poland, analyzed retrospectively medical files of all consecutive patients aged 0–18 who underwent surgeries for ovarian lesions between 2012 and 2017 at 17 pediatric surgical departments and complemented the analysis with a scoping review of a recent primary research related to ovarian masses in children. Results: The study group comprised 595 patients. Forty-four (7.39%) girls were diagnosed with malignant tumors. The overall preservation rate was 64.54%. The analysis revealed that positive tumor markers (OR = 10.3), lesions larger than 6 cm (OR = 4.17) and solid mass on ultrasound examination (OR = 5.34) are interdependent variables differentiating malignant tumors from non-malignant lesions ( X 4 2 = 79.1; p = 0.00000). Our scoping review revealed 10 major branches of research within the topic of ovarian masses in pediatric population. Conclusions: We have developed an overview of the field with the emphasis on the local environment. Our next step is a multi-institutional prospective study of a quality improvement project implementation based on the obtained knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mining still plays a vital role in providing various sectors with essential materials since many industries depend heavily on mined minerals. Moreover, the mining industry is the primary driver for many economies worldwide. On the other hand, new mining projects face many challenges, the most important of which are risks related to the economic aspects, e.g., the significant uncertainty about mineral resources compared to other engineering projects. Therefore, many jurisdictions worldwide depend on detailed engineering studies conducted according to internationally recognized standards to assess the new mining projects from an economic and technical perspective. In the same context and due to the significant lack of published research in this field, as the literature review revealed, this article reviewed and discussed the different main stages of engineering studies to evaluate new potential mining projects, including scoping, pre-feasibility, and feasibility studies, to ensure that the engineering study report complies with all the recognized main requirements. Results indicated the necessity of adhering to the needs of the engineering tasks while preparing reports of evaluation studies for new mining projects to reduce potential uncertainty risks and thus raise the level of confidence in these types of projects. Furthermore, they showed direct progress between the investigation details conducted in the evaluation studies and the value of the new mining project.

Animal hoarding has been portrayed as a manifestation of hoarding behaviour that is escalating worldwide. Professionals trying to support or help animal hoarders face several challenges due to the lack of systematized information on intervention strategies. To comprehensively review and systematize the information available on intervention practices with this population. A scoping study was performed using five databases (B-ON, EBSCO, SCOPUS, Web of SCIENCE, PubMed), searching for papers published until March 2020. Fifteen papers were selected and submitted to thematic analysis. The main findings point to two main themes: (i) what is done–responding to animal hoarding as an emergency; and (ii) what should be done–responding animal hoarding in a long-term, integrated manner. To have a consistent strategy that assures better results, it seems relevant to prepare community interventions based on collaborative and solution-focused approaches. In addition, there is a strong need to have more research on animal hoarding and on successful intervention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions have been extensively used in health services research to assess access, quality and performance of primary health care. Inter-country comparisons can assist policy-makers in pursuing better health outcomes by contrasting policy design, implementation and evaluation. The objective of this study is to identify the conceptual, methodological, contextual and policy dimensions and factors that need to be accounted for when comparing these types of hospitalizations across countries. A conceptual framework for inter-country comparisons was drawn based on a review of 18 studies with inter-country comparison of ambulatory care sensitive conditions hospitalizations. The dimensions include methodological choices; population’s demographic, epidemiologic and socio-economic profiles and features of the health services and system. Main factors include access and quality of primary health care, availability of health workforce and health facilities, health interventions and inequalities. The proposed framework can assist in designing studies and interpreting findings of inter-country comparisons of ambulatory care sensitive conditions hospitalizations, accelerating learning and progress towards universal health coverage.

Copyright of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources / Kuangchan Zonghe Liyong is the property of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background Although important syntheses and theoretical works exist in relation to understanding the organisational factors that facilitate research use, these contributions differ in their scope and object of study as well as their theoretical underpinnings. Therefore, from an exploratory angle, it may be useful to map out the current literature on organisational factors of research use in public health policy-making when revisiting existing theories and frameworks to gain further theoretical insights. Methods Herein, a scoping review technique and thematic content analysis were used to bring together findings from both synthesised and empirical studies of different types to map out the organisational factors that facilitate research use in public health policy-making. Results A total of 14 reviews and 40 empirical studies were included in the analysis. These were thematically coded and the intra-organisational factors reported as enabling research use were examined. Five main categories of organisational factors that advance research use in policy organisations – (1) individual factors, (2) the management of research integration, (3) organisational systems and infrastructures of research use, (4) institutional structures and rules for policy-making, and (5) organisational characteristics – were derived as well as 18 subcategories and a total of 64 specific factors, where 27 factors were well supported by research. Conclusions Using a scoping review methodology, the intra-organisational factors influencing research use in policy-making (including individual factors) were systematically mapped and the theories applied in this area of research were assessed. The review findings confirm the importance of an intra-organisational perspective when exploring research use, showing that many organisational factors are critical facilitators of research use but also that many factors and mechanisms are understudied. The synthesis shows a lack of studies on politicians and the need for more theoretically founded research. Despite increased efforts to update the existing evidential and theoretical basis of research use, we still need frameworks that combine different approaches and theories to help us grasp the complex organisational mechanisms that facilitate research use in policy settings.

Norske barnehager eies både av kommuner og av private virksomheter som kommersielle selskaper, menigheter, selvstendig næringsdrivende og lokale foreldre. Denne artikkelen er en oversikt over forskning i perioden 2008–2018 om forskjeller i barnehagekvalitet etter eierskap. Jeg tar for meg kvalitetsdimensjonene pedagogisk virksomhet, sosial og integrerende virksomhet og trygt barnetilsyn. 23 relevante arbeider er inkludert i oversikten, og i hovedsak er disse basert på spørreundersøkelser. Jeg finner få forsøk på teoriutvikling om forskjeller etter eierskap i sektoren i de inkluderte bidragene. To tredjedeler av arbeidene dreier seg om barnehagen som pedagogisk virksomhet og viser små forskjeller etter eierskap. Det er gjort minst forskning på barnehagens sosiale funksjoner, men materialet antyder at kommunale barnehager vektlegger dette mest. Synliggjøringsstrategier på områder der også allmennheten kan vurdere kvalitet, er tydeligst blant privateide barnehager. Forskjeller etter eierskap er små, men samsvarer med forventninger basert på institusjonell logikk hos eieren, og hvor synlige ulike kvaliteter ved barnehagen er. Artikkelen peker på behov for mer finkornede analytiske eierkategorier enn dikotomien kommunal–privat. Det reises dessuten spørsmål om hvordan institusjonene i barnehagesektoren faktisk skaper likhet på tvers av eierskap.

The efforts in designing and developing lightweight cryptography (LWC) started a decade ago. Many scholarly studies in literature report the enhancement of conventional cryptographic algorithms and the development of new algorithms. This significant number of studies resulted in the rise of many review studies on LWC in IoT. Due to the vast number of review studies on LWC in IoT, it is not known what the studies cover and how extensive the review studies are. Therefore, this article aimed to bridge the gap in the review studies by conducting a systematic scoping study. It analyzed the existing review articles on LWC in IoT to discover the extensiveness of the reviews and the topics covered. The results of the study suggested that many review studies are classified as overview-types of review focusing on generic LWC. Further, the topics of the reviews mainly focused on symmetric block cryptography, while limited reviews were found on asymmetric-key and hash in LWC. The outcomes of this study revealed that the reviews in LWC in IoT are still in their premature stage and researchers are encouraged to explore by conducting review studies in the less-attended areas. An extensive review of studies that cover these two topics is deemed necessary to establish a balance of scholarly works in LWC for IoT and encourage more empirical research in the area.

This conceptual paper aims to explore thoretical roots in the streams of marketing and sustainability, in particular exploring how could sustainability be included in customer experience, within a digital customer journey. This topic seems to recently receive growing attention by consumers and companies, and this could be a signal of a new trend of mass market demand. If firms do not anticipate new needs they could lose new market opportunities and weaken their competitive advantage. In this scenario, in order to identify theoretical roots and as such to help future contributions and proposal of new frameworks, a literature review has been taken. In summary, this paper is revealing findings from two scoping studies, opens the discussion towards a novel definition of Sustainable Digital Customer Experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Baghdad Science Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Teaching of therapeutic patient education (TPE) in initial training (IT) is developing without any guidelines defining good practices. The starting point of such a work of recommendations is the study of the recent situation. This study describes FI training practices. Method: A scoping review was conducted from January to May 2019 on 4 databases (Pubmed, ERIC, Cinahl and Psycinfo). Results were categorized and supplemented with the viewpoints of TPE actors solicited during the 7th Congress of the European Therapeutic Education Society (SETE) in May 2019. Results: Twenty-four articles were selected and 40 TPE actors were questioned. Results show an important heterogeneity of learning objectives and contents, often reduced to a few contributory elements of an educational approach. Active learning methods are most often mobilized, particularly role-playing. Some training courses supplement teaching with internship. Evaluation focuses mainly on satisfaction and skills acquired by the students but does not explore the transfer capacities of the students. Discussion: Results indicate the need to define learning trajectories in the field of IT TPE. Recommendations are needed to stabilize the core foundations of this curriculum. This work should be based on broad consultation with experts in TPE and its teaching. In view of the lack of evidence, a consensus research method is to be preferred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the extent, range and nature of science communication scholarship in Lithuania. The purpose of this study is to explore whether there is a presence of this research field in the Lithuanian academic context and if there exists a body of empirical evidence that can be used to inform practical science communication initiatives. More generally, this study asks: is there a science of science communication in Lithuania? Results indicate the presence of an emerging field of research with fragmented scientific activity. Most papers do not explicitly identify “science communication” as the object of study. Most of the relevant work is focused on audience research, indicating the potential for using the results for evidence-based science communication practice. The science of science communication in Lithuanian, however, has yet considerable room for growth and could benefit from more large-scale, nationally representative, data-driven and methodologically sound research.

Abstract Background Needle and syringe program (NSP) service delivery models encompass fixed sites, mobile services, vending machines, pharmacies, peer NSPs, street outreach, and inter-organizational agreements to add NSP services to other programs. For programs seeking to implement or improve mobile services, access to a synthesis of the evidence related to mobile services is beneficial, but lacking. Methods We used a scoping study method to search MEDLINE, PSYCHInfo, Embase, Scopus, and Sociological for relevant literature. We identified 39 relevant manuscripts published between 1975 and November 2017 after removing duplicates and non-relevant manuscripts from the 1313 identified by the search. Results Charting of the data showed that these publications reported findings related to the service delivery model characteristics, client characteristics, service utilization, specialized interventions offered on mobile NSPs, linking clients to other services, and impact on injection risk behaviors. Mobile NSPs are implemented in high-, medium-, and low-income countries; provide equipment distribution and many other harm reduction services; face limitations to service complement, confidentiality, and duration of interactions imposed by physical space; adapt to changes in locations and types of drug use; attract people who engage in high-risk/intensity injection behavior and who are often not reached by other service models; and may lead to reduced injection-related risks. Discussion It is not clear from the literature reviewed, what are, or if there are, a “core and essential” complement of services that mobile NSPs should offer. Decisions about service complement for mobile NSPs need to be made in relation to the context and also other available services. Reports of client visits to mobile NSP provide a picture of the volume and frequency of utilization but are difficult to compare given varied measures and reference periods. Conclusion Mobile NSPs have an important role to play in improving HIV and HCV prevention efforts across the world. However, more work is needed to create clearer assessment metrics and to improve access to NSP services across the world.

Background: The affective domain is one of the essential areas in the assessment of the learning outcomes of medical students, apart from the cognitive and psychomotor domains. Community-based medical education (CBME) is a common instructional program for medical students in learning about these domains. However, preceptors and researchers pay less attention to the affective domain as compared to the other two learning domains. Aim: To describe the state of the literature on teaching the affective domain through CBME and to develop an initial model for instructional purposes. Methods: A scoping review of the literature was conducted. Out of the 971 references initially retrieved, 22 published references were selected. Relevant data from these references were extracted and analyzed through thematic analysis. Results and Conclusion: The various affective outcomes of CBME in the literature are commonly taught through role modelling and mentoring, providing opportunity to apply knowledge, and immersing in local organizations and communities. However, these teaching strategies will be optimized through a structured and rigorous process of reflection. Reflection is central to the learning experience of medical students, especially that affective outcomes are commonly less apparent. The findings of this review resulted to a proposed initial model in teaching the affective domain in CBME. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postdoctoral training provides an opportunity to solidify diversity and social justice-related competencies before independent practice. This training period is an excellent time to integrate knowledge and skills into professional identity and practice, including translating social justice theory into advocacy and other aspects of practice. Effectively assessing training needs and tailoring curriculum for a professionally and personally diverse fellowship cohort is difficult. This article presents 2 interrelated studies that aim to capture diversity and social justice training needs at the postdoctoral level. First, we conducted a scoping study of associated literature, resulting in development of a new self-assessment to identify gaps in social justice training. Second, we piloted this self-assessment among incoming psychology postdoctoral fellows in an American Psychological Association accredited program. Findings from each of these studies were broadly congruent, indicating that although training programs and incoming fellows are invested in diversity and social justice training, there are notable and consistent gaps in training. We offer a set of recommendations to improve diversity and social justice training among incoming fellows including continued use of the piloted assessment in research and training; identification of a best practices training model; increased prioritization of social justice advocacy training experiences and other active training approaches; and intentional cultivation of 'safe brave' spaces to facilitate effective discussions about diversity and social justice topics. Public Significance Statement: Competency in diversity and social justice is essential for clinical psychologists. Postdoctoral training is an excellent time to consolidate these skills and integrate them into professional activities including clinical practice, advocacy, and research. This study identifies that a current gap in research on this topic and makes recommendations for future research and training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale/purpose: To determine if the field of sport for development (SFD) presents opportunities for the employment of design thinking approaches toward enhancing organizational innovation. Design/methodology/approach: We undertook a scoping study to determine if and how SFD research and practice aligns with five established themes of design thinking practice. Findings: Design thinking indicators are present across the breadth of SFD research. A total of 14 SFD articles display total thematic alignment with design thinking practice, particularly in regard to five key indicators of such alignment: (a) deep user understanding, (b) diversity of perspectives, (c) testing for user feedback, (d) futuristic thinking, and (e) bias toward action. Practical implications: Five key indicators represent logical points of entry for the employment of design thinking in SFD research and practice. Research contribution: Design thinking has become popular in the broad field of management, but this is the first study of the concept in the sport management domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our knowledge of ovarian teratomas in children is still far from complete, and much remains to be discovered. Here, we conduct a scoping review of the primary research related to ovarian teratomas in pediatric age. To our knowledge, there is no published synthesis of the literature surrounding ovarian teratomas in children using scoping review methodology. We identified 24 studies from 11 countries; 18 studies were retrospective, 3 were prospective, and 3 were experimental. There were 6 studies concerning mature teratomas, 5 concerning immature teratomas, and 13 that included both tumor types. Overall, 9 out of all the studies concerned more than 50 patients. We revealed 7 major branches of research within the topic of ovarian teratoma in pediatric population: recurrence rate/relapse and follow-up strategy, malignant potential, prognostic factors, use of sparing surgery, differences between the use of laparoscopy and laparotomy, use of chemotherapy, and additional examinations to test the character of the lesion (immature vs. mature). This scoping review has revealed a number of knowledge gaps in the evidence base for pediatric ovarian teratomas. Overall, this topic has not been extensively explored, and more research dedicated exclusively to this tumor and patient population is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Alternance education as a strategy has gained some prevalence in university professionalising curricula. This tendency manifests itself in the ever increasing work-study placements in Higher Education. As outlined in the literature, it is by introducing practicums in the otherwise theoretical courses that professionalization can occur. Health Sciences programs, in spite of a long-standing tradition of placements as compared to other sectors, are increasingly called upon to engage in professionalization. Objective: We aimed to highlight the traces of professionalization through a systematic review about characteristics of clinical clerkships in the health field, as reported in scientific literature. Methods: We have, as an initial step, carried out a scoping study to map out the professionalizing modalities reported in the literature on clinical placements. In a second step, based on our conceptual framework positing professionalization at the confluence of competence development, culture and professional identity, we have analysed and contrasted the final sample of 17 studies. Results and discussion: Our analysis reveals that the integrative aspect, an aim so very dear to alternance education, is poorly developed in the literature. As far as professionalization is concerned, the competence dimension is heavily emphasised in placements for all the Health Sciences programs, whereas the other dimensions, culture and identity, receive little or no attention. The modes of supervision and the traces of professionalization of individuals in the placements are discussed in light of the integrative features of alternance education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) software has been increasing dramatically in last years. In this context, the Software Agents, Environments and Applications School (WESAAC) is a Brazilian event of MAS which is in its tenth edition. When studying a research area, it is important to identify the most active groups, topics, the research trends and so forth. This study aims to investigate how the WESAAC is evolving, by analysing the papers published in its ten editions. We adopted a research strategy that combines scoping study and systematic review good practices. We identify the most participating institutions and authors, the main topics discussed, the types of the contributions, the conferences and journals that have most referenced WESAAC papers, the publications with the greatest impact, and the trends in MAS. We found 128 papers over the 10 WESAAC editions, which were analysed and discussed.