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Il contributo analizza Nel principio e Le stelle nere di Primo Levi concentrandosi sui principali aspetti metrici, stilistici, retorici e tematici delle due liriche, tenendo particolare conto della loro natura interdisciplinare e intertestuale. Il commento, corredato da paragrafi introduttivi e una conclusione, affronta singolarmente le due liriche, indagando da un lato l’effetto dell’ibridazione tra scienza e poesia nell’opera di Levi, dall’altro il rapporto di inevitabile e necessaria eterotrofia tra poesia e prosa.

The contribution sets out to capture the aspects that aroused interest more than others in a geographical context in the vast and multifaceted literary production of Italo Calvino, whose centenary was celebrated in 2023. In fact, the encyclopaedical nature of his work led him to write valuable texts in which non-fiction - addressed to everyone along with diversified scientific knowledge (geographers included) - and storytelling successfully mingle together. The criteria and processes for the interpretation, observation and story of the world applied by Calvino, show a clear originality deriving from an evocative combination of rationality (science) and imagination (poetry), from the wealth of his visions of space, linked not only to actual experiences, but also to elaborations of incomparable imagination. This paper looks at the concept of landscape, the relationship between society and nature and the sense of living in the city. Still today, the Ligurian writer can propose suggestions and means to the community of geographers whereby to navigate today's spatial-temporal coordinates, offering precious in-depth opportunities to describe and interpret the complexity of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After Evangelos Christou (1923–1956) studied philosophy at King's College, Cambridge, with Wittgenstein and others, he earned a doctorate at the Jung Institute in Zürich. He then returned home to Alexandria, near which he died in a car crash. The Logos of the Soul, published posthumously, argued for a psychology that would be neither a natural scientific psychology, devoted to causal analyses, nor a philosophical discipline that analysed mental events. Psychology would be an autonomous science of the soul, an unknown distinct from body and mind. Science deals with bodies and behaviours; philosophy with the mental concepts and acts. Psychology deals with "psychological experience". Dreams and fantasies can be sources of psychological experience, but so can perceptual acts and mental acts. Meaning occurs when something encounters an ego or self in a psychological experience. Observation in psychology is participant observation, akin to witnessing of a drama. Psychological methods, such as psychotherapy, are both means of discovery and means of becoming. Christou's work brought together Jung's analytical psychology and mid‐century British philosophy in order to stake out the ground for psychology that would be an empirical analysis of psychological experience and a logical analysis of the concepts used in that psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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"Tra scienza, emozioni e coscienza: breve viaggio lungo la storia dell’empatia" di Tiziana Plebani.

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Introduzione al numero monografico La fantascienza di Primo Levi.

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L’opera Costumi e superstizioni dell’Appennino marchigiano di Caterina Pigorini Beri (1845-1924) non è solo un documento di preziosa importanza archivistica e storica sugli usi dell’entroterra marchigiano di fine Ottocento, ma apre una finestra di riflessione su altre due questioni importanti: la prima è la condizione della donna intellettuale che, in assenza di una formazione specifica, conduce le sue ricerche in maniera autonoma e pionieristica. La contrapposizione che emerge è quella tra dilettantismo, legata alla sfera del femminile, e scienza, campo del dominio maschile. Poiché indipendente da una disciplina specifica e da un metodo di lavoro scientificamente strutturato l’opera di Pigorini Beri sin pone in un terreno d’incrocio tra il taccuino di viaggio, il bozzetto impressionistico, la descrizione etno-antropologica. Tuttavia, le intuizioni contenute nell’opera (si veda l’accezione di “paganità” attribuita alle manifestazioni folkloristiche locali), il lavoro di raccolta delle informazioni, la postura dell’autrice (dentro e fuori il mondo raccontato), introducono a un livello primitivo e ancora da sviluppare, quegli elementi di metodo che caratterizzeranno nel Novecento lo studio etnografico e antropologico di De Martino. La seconda questione riguarda il senso complessivo che l’autrice affida al suo racconto, in polemica con il “positivismo invadente” dell’epoca in cui vive. Da tale prospettiva l’opera sembra affondare le sue ragioni nelle posizioni “antimoderniste” di fine XIX secolo, per cui salvare dall’oblio la cultura delle realtà locali non è solo un’operazione di valore intellettuale, ma una condizione necessaria per la conoscenza del mondo.

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The paper aims to study some linguistic features of para-scientific language, by analysing seven brief texts, published online, which are linked to veganism and try to explain the benefits of this way of life to their readers. First of all, peculiar traits of the scientific language are discussed, in order to underline the differences between this particular kind of language, which is based on a full application of the scientific method, and the para-scientific one. The textual corpus shows quite clearly that the authors make specific and regular choices which deal with the lexical, syntactic, semantic, stylistic and rhetorical levels of the language. These choices, moreover, seem to be quite similar to those usually present in the language of deception and in fake texts in general, as both kinds of texts share a common target, i.e. avoiding the traits that are commonly expected in scientific language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Science and morality are separate because they are different. Science describes reality and produces knowledge; morality is about values and enforces behavior. Medical science produces knowledge that, with respect to the phenomena of the world, can be either true or false; ethics, and with it bioethics, induces behavior that is neither true nor false but is either good or bad. Thus, if judgments of good/evil are applied to moral behavior, judgments of true/false are reserved for knowledge, and it is to false knowledge that the concept of error is appropriate. If science is morally neutral, other is what is done with science and technology, but here we are referring to medicine as a human science, where behaviors come into play, that is, the choices and decisions of professionals that are embodied in their actions. And before the decisions and actions, the intentions that move the health professional come into play. It is among the nuances, which connect the intentions, ends, and means but also the consequences of caregivers’ actions, which, by heterogeneity of ends, can also go against their good intentions, that moral medicine is played out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Bernardino Telesio in his De rerum natura, has transcribed the life of his philosophizing, at the center of a dense network of reflections and ebbs of ancient and new doctrines, completely independent of the reasons and ways of his life, on which, mereover, in his writing, he stops for very brief hints and only to explain the reasons for the late development of his work. The weaving work carried outbrings out the fundamental fact that resides in the sistem of his philopsophy. We care about the actions carried out by Telesio, but above all the thoughts he conceived, in particular the nuances and differences between the anima and the spiritus. In this path also some of the greatest italian and foreign masters have dedicated themselves to the study of his works with the necessary acribia, and have provided us with the tools to be able to do so. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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There is a full-blown crisis of the mental health system recognized by all but explained in a non-unanimous way. Two approaches are described, “denotative” and “connotative”, on the basis of which two theses called, respectively, “unfinished symphony” and “beyond the Law 180”, are developed. The first refers to an incomplete reform process that has generated aporias, contradictions, fallacies and paradoxes with which many psychiatrists identify several factors such as the folowing: changes in the need for care, “manufacturig defects” of Law no. 180/1978, problems of psychiatric services, difficult relationship between public psychatric services and the private sector, increasing admissions and days of hospitalizations in residential facilities, lack of fight against mental health stigma, stress of mental health professionals and their insufficient training, limited resources. The “depot effect” of these factors, releasing and amplifying other criticalities, leads to a lower credibility linked to a diminished “perceived value” of the mental health system, and testifies to an epistemic crisis linked to a change of the original ideology that could not be transformed into science due to the halting of a reform process that should go beyond Law no. 180 of 1978. If ideology in mental health becomes science, the challenge of the psychiatry reform will be won and the mental health crisis will be resolved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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For several decades, theologians of different Christian confessions have been engaged in the field of dialogue between faith and science. Such an endeavour has produced hundreds of books and thousands of articles in specialized journals. In fact, there is even talk of a sub-discipline, science and theology. All this bibliographic production, together with many conferences and specialized courses, suggests an actual progress in a form of dialogue that many consider to be of great importance for the Christian faith. However, other signs may discourage so optimistic a view. In fact, it seems that such an orientation fails to make its way into the theological curriculum and remains a minority position of little interest and impact in the generality of ecclesiastical studies and pastoral activity. Other signs may nourish the impression that this task of dialogue is rather secondary or not urgent with regard to the challenges of faith in our times, and that perhaps they rather invite an attitude that ensures each discipline its own horizon, without invading or interacting with other areas and forms of knowledge. It is important to take these issues into consideration in order to take stock of the state of this dialogue and report on possible progress underway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Le moderne tecnologie di Gene Editing, come il sistema CRISPR, si sono diffuse in tutti i laboratori del mondo, alimentando al contempo speranze e timori per le sue applicazioni. Poiché queste tecnologie sono destinate ad avere un enorme impatto sulle nostre vite, è fondamentale comunicare e suscitare un dibattito, soprattutto tra i più giovani. Per avvicinare gli studenti delle scuole secondarie di secondo grado ai grandi temi scientifici e far sperimentare loro l’utilizzo di nuove tecnologie per comprenderne le potenzialità, negli ultimi anni abbiamo messo a punto un corso di Gene Editing. La risposta degli studenti a questo tipo di corso dimostra l’efficacia della sperimentazione nell’informare e suscitare una discussione su queste tematiche. In questo articolo riportiamo e commentiamo i risultati dello studio.

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Reproduction of the first Italian edition (Milan, Galeazzi, 1786) of the "Eulogy of Mr. d'Alembert" of the Milanese mathematician and astronomer Paolo Frisi (1728-1784), who studied and trained on the scientific writings of the co-director of the "Encyclopédie", with whom entertained a dense correspondence that testifies to their custom and their friendship, sealed in several Parisian meetings. In the "Eulogy", warmly composed shortly after hearing the news of d'Alembert's death (29 October 1783), the Milanese enlightenment reconstructs minutely and with extreme precision the succession of the works and publications of the great encyclopedist, placing it in the history of the revolution scientific after Galileo and Newton, and formulating sober and balanced judgments also on dalembertian philosophical and literary writings, such as the "Discours préliminaire" (1751), the "Essai sur la société des gens de lettres et des grands" (1753), the "Analyse de l 'Esprit des lois (1755) and "Sur la destruction des jésuites en France (1765).

The essay proposes to read the political science of Thomas Hobbes in the light of his studies on optics, with particular reference to De homine. I intend to verify the relationship existing in Hobbes's thought between the development of the theory of political representation and the subjective optical science (the theory of vision), with particular reference to the theory of fiction.

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Copyright of Studi e Materiali di Storia delle Religioni is the property of Editrice Morcelliana S.p.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Husserl's concept of the life-world presents the starting-point of Husserl's philosophical reconsideration of science. It is the main concept of his Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology (1936), one of the main Husserl's works, and at the same time one of the fundament al works in philosophy of science. I analyse the concept of the life-world in regard to the reconsideration of the contemporality of understanding context. My analysis is two-fold. On the one hand, I reconsider Husserl's formation and understanding of the concept of the life-world within contemporality of understanding context of Husserl's own thought. Husserl's understanding of the life-world and his attitude towards science are essentially co-defined by specific contemporary reconsideration of science that can be, for example, observed in Niels Bohr's and Ludwik Fleck's works on philosophy of science. On the other hand, Husserl's concept of the life-world itself includes reconsideration of the contemporality of understanding context of scientific thought. Science is always essentially embedded in (its own) life-world, which presents its meaning-fundament. Through research, science constantly returns to the lifeworld, it evolves and at the same time, with the new knowledge and new perspectives based on this knowledge, dynamically changes the life-world it is part of. Each science is always historical, based on vertical and horizontal connections between its actors, who meet each other in the life-world. There, the role of language is crucial. Language enables the scientists to share their knowledge with his/her scientific community. Furthermore, every naming of a new scientific phenomenon emplaces these phenomena within a network of meanings; it co-defines their history and relationship with other phenomena. I propose that the concept of the life-world can offer a firm foundation for contemporary philosophical reconsideration of science and its meaning, which is essentially co-defined by the contemporality of understanding context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Science,“strategy of Sight” and Abduction With the Sidereus Nuncius of Galilei (1610) begins not only modern science but also “the strategy of sight” of scientific research. This method involves the use of mathematics to show scientific discoveries to the eyes of each one, as well as philosophers and astronomy specialists. The strategy of sight offers, through highly accurate drawings and images, the statement of things literally never seen before, enhancing and extending man's view for the first time in a possibly infinite space, certainly much larger than the enclosed area of ​​the Aristotelian- Ptolemaic system. The truth, in fact, can be seen, not only deduced by abstract logic. The beginning of Einstein's theory of relativity is therefore the extraordinary ability to imagine how the world can be made, namely the strategy of sight from which sprang a hypothesis produced by abductive method rather than inductive method. In hypothetical reasoning or abduction the scientist leads to the conclusion that there is a fact completely different from any other observed, a fact unprecedented, whose strength and whose power of conviction are able to make natural and understandable a dark and impenetrable puzzle of data.

Dans ce article nous examinons quelques thèmes importants autour desquels la littérature et la science se rencontrent de manière fructueuse. L'une des spécificités les plus intéressantes commune à la littérature et à la science, c'est que les deux sont concernés par la narration et l'invention de mondes possibles, et elles le font en développant d'une façon profonde et originale une interaction entre imagination, créativité et complexité. De ce point de vue, une notion qui nous semble particulièrement importante est celle de "niveaux de réalité" (déjà mise en évidence par Calvino). Nous étudions différents apsects et significations des concepts d'espace, de pavage, de vide, de nature, de complexité et d'infini en science et en littérature. Nous analysons quelques affinités et différences entre les mondes mathématique, naturel et narratif, en particulier chez Leopardi, Calvino et Borges. Nous nous focalisons sur quelques aspects scientifiques, philosophiques et poétiques du concept de nature, et ce en relation avec la théorie de la complexité. Enfin, nous abordons la question du rôle profond que joue l'imagination en science et en littérature.

Ogni disciplina e approccio teorico si caratterizzano per la ricerca di un definito grado di scientificità che li possa legittimare. Nella comprensione dei fenomeni psicologici e nel campo terogeneo della psicologia clinica si possono trovare espressioni linguistiche e criteri legati alla scienza differenti tra loro, con altrettante ricadute pragmatiche. In questa ricerca si sono esplorati i significati legati all’uso del termine “scientifico” in alcuni manuali diagnostici: icd-10, dsm-5 e pdm. Il método usato è stato quello della rappresentazione perspicua, ovvero un sistema di analisi linguistica volta a individuare alcune unità simboliche presenti nei manuali. I risultati hanno onsentito di sottolineare i significati legati ai diversi modi di intendere la scientificità e di avanzare lcune proposte operative. In conclusione, si può mettere in evidenza come l’uso del costrutto “scienza” e le espressioni linguistiche ad esso collegate sia molto differente nei tre manuali indagati e fa riferimento a campi di significato molto differenti l’uno dalle altre. Si evidenzia infine l’importanza di fondare il costrutto “scienza” in funzione dei propri specifici riferimenti concettuali. Parole chiave: linguaggio, diagnosi, epistemología, rappresentazione perspicua.