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The study is devoted to the history of game management laboratories as one of the most obscure pages of Ukrainian theriology. The prerequisites for the formation of such laboratories as a system of applied research related primarily to ‘useful’ fauna are considered. These laboratories form a continuous chain of research centres that have existed in different cities. They were founded in 1929 by V. Averin in Kharkiv, developed by A. Mygulin and his followers in Zavorychi (1936–1962), K. Kopein at the fur farm in Kolo-Mykhailivka near Vinnytsia (1963–1973), and M. Yevtushevskyi in Cherkasy (1973–2004). The final phase was completed by two academic game management laboratories: at the Institute of Zoology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (in 1975–1989, led by V. Kryzhaniv­skyi) and the Institute of Forestry of the Ukrainian Academy of Agrarian Sciences (in 1991–2022, in Oleshky, led by I. Sheihas). The stages of research development in a series of successive transformations, in the wake of socio-political events and changes in public demands are analysed. The distinct sequence and, in fact, continuity of their existence in time (despite their movement in space) indicates a corresponding demand for them from the state, including the support of state budgetary programmes. Their tasks were constantly changing, and each period had its own specifics. The first period (Kharkiv) was supposed to put the system of survey, monitoring, and rational use of game resources on a scientific basis, as well as to streamline and direct the work of hunting communities. The second phase (‘Zavorychi’) was focused on providing the state with the necessary amount of fur for the needs of international trade and (undoubtedly) the military. The third phase remains the most obscure and is most likely associated with the formation of elite hunting grounds. The fourth phase (Cherkasy) was characterised by increased attention to fur farming and a waning interest in hunting as such. The fifth phase (Kyiv and Oleshky) was characterised by a distinct cooperation with the State Committee of Forestry, the Ukrainian Society of Hunters and Fishermen, and certain (elite) farms. It is shown that the origins of many well-known scientific schools in Ukraine are related to hunting practices and that game management laboratories became leaders in developing action plans to maintain populations of game animals.

The article is devoted to the history of the development of the Faculty of Information Electronic Systems of Vinnytsia National Technical University. Information is provided about the heads of the faculty in different years of its formation. Information is provided about the scientific schools and achievements of the faculty in scientific and educational areas. The contribution of the faculty and its role in the creation of powerful scientific and educational centers and scientific developments and their presentation at international and domestic events is also determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the activities of Vladimir Frantsevich Stanis, the second rector of the Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia. He was a charismatic leader who enjoyed enormous authority among his colleagues and made a huge contribution to the development of this unique university. The article outlines the main stages of the biography of V.F. Stanis, his difficult life path from the participation in the Great Patriotic War to the work in public offices, as a result of which he gained vast experience in organizational and managerial work. The authors pay special attention to the diverse activities of V.F. Stanis in the position of the rector of the Peoples’ Friendship University which he held for more than 20 years (from 1970 to 1993) and note that it was during this period that his scientific and pedagogical potential and leadership talent were fully revealed. It is emphasized that thanks to his work with the personnel V.F. Stanis managed to ensure the creation of prominent scientific and methodological schools in various fields at the Peoples’ Friendship University. At the same time, both in the USSR and abroad there became especially famous not only scientific schools of natural sciences and humanities, but also original methods of teaching Russian as a foreign language and foreign languages, including oriental ones developed by the university teaching staff. Moreover, the rector actively developed other areas of the university’s activities: international relations, extracurricular work, which required deep knowledge of the history of foreign countries and understanding of the current political situation in them. The authors show that thanks to his enormous dedication and careful attitude towards the staff and students, V.F. Stanis managed to create an international team of the Peoples’ Friendship University of many thousands.

At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, there was a significant development in the field of domestic agricultural engineering science, which focused on the challenges associated with the creation of agricultural machinery. The integration of new technologies in agriculture necessitated a scientific foundation for these advancements, with a keen consideration for the traditional methods of land cultivation. It is posited that the origins of the scientific team at the Institute of Agroengineering and Environmental Problems of Agricultural Production can be traced back to the establishment of the Bureau of Agricultural Mechanics in Saint Petersburg in 1907. (Research purpose) The paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the historical and scientific foundations surrounding the emergence and evolution of agroengineering science in Saint Petersburg; and illustrate the continuity of scientific traditions in addressing production objectives within the realm of «Agroecology». (Materials and methods) The analysis was conducted by drawing upon publications that delve into the inception in Russia agricultural mechanization science, the chronicles of the State Agricultural Museum as well as materials prepared for the 100th anniversary of the Bureau of Agricultural Mechanics’ establishment. (Results and discussion) The paper outlines the primary stages and identifies the scientists who played pivotal roles in the operations of the Bureau during 1907-1917. Commencing its activities in Leningrad in 1930, the Institute was later relocated to Moscow. In Leningrad, branches of both VIM and VIESKH were established, where former members of the Bureau continued their work. Further, after various organizational changes, the Leningrad branches were amalgamated in 1962 to form an independent institution known as NIIMESKH of the North-West. This later evolved into the research and production association «Nechernozemagromash» with the workforce exceeding 1,200 employees. In 2018, the Institute once again became a branch of VIM, with a renewed focus on comprehensive scientific research aimed at ensuring the environmental sustainability of agricultural production. (Conclusions) The most significant outcome stemming from the team’s extensive history is the continuity of knowledge transmission. Presently, operating under the umbrella of the Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, the team at the Institute of Agroengineering and Environmental Problems of Agricultural Production continues the illustrious traditions of its inaugural predecessor—the Bureau of Agricultural Mechanics. It remains steadfast in its commitment to these traditions in tackling emerging challenges in agricultural science and practice.

In 2023, Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University – the first higher technical educational institution in Russia – turns 250 years. Any significant anniversary is an occasion to look back, analyze and evaluate the way traveled. The article analyzes the main achievements of the Mining University on the basis of statistical material from the moment of the foundation of the Mining School to the present day: educational and pedagogical experience in the education and training of mining specialists, scientific and technical intelligentsia; the outstanding contribution of its scientists, graduates to the establishment and development of the mineral resource complex of Russia, in strengthening the country's defense power, the creation of scientific schools. The first part of the article provides data on the number of graduates for different periods of the history of the university, shows the dynamics of their number growth, the peculiarities of learning. According to the authors, over 250 years, about 99 thousand engineers and mining specialists have been prepared in the university. The second part of the article is devoted to the characteristics of the teaching staff, in which a special place is occupied by his favorites, who have become outstanding scientists, academicians and corresponding members of the Academies of Sciences. Those of them who have devoted more than a dozen years of their lives to teaching within the walls of the university are noted. The final part shows the main scientific achievements of the university: the organization of scientific societies, the development of scientific schools, research institutes, etc. About 200 graduates of the Mining University have been awarded State Prizes for their contribution to the development of science and technology. The work of dissertation councils was noted, in which more than 5 thousand dissertations have been defended since 1943.

The article is devoted to the 85th anniversary of the outstanding scientist in the field of accounting, doctor of economic sciences, honored worker of science of Russian Federation, professor Yaroslav Vyacheslavovich Sokolov (1938–2010). The authors made an attempt to review the multifaceted scientific and pedagogical activities of the scientist over nearly 50 years. The authors analyze Sokolov’s ideas in the field of accounting, as well as his contribution to the creation of certain areas (the Sokolov school); his works in the field of history, which won him universal recognition, among which a special place is given to his republished work «Treatise on Accounts and Records» by Luca Pacioli; the social and educational activities of the scientist on the background of changing economy in the country and in the world are shown. An attempt has been made to assess comprehensively the role of Professor Sokolov in the formation of the process of training specialists in accounting, analysis and audit, as well as statistics.

The relevance of the research is justified by the fact that modernity requires an increase in the productivity of graduates of higher educational institutions in independently formulating and solving professional tasks, increasing the requirements for their quality and the products they create. A special area is teaching the culture of communication, speech (oral, written), the culture of establishing professionally appropriate relationships between the subjects of education, ensuring their productive formation. One of the signs of productivity is the creation of innovative educational technologies. The purpose of the study is to develop a justification and approbation of a system of psychological and pedagogical methods to identify indicators of the productivity of the subjects of education, their development in the professional, educational and scientific environment of the university. The hypothesis that psychological training of personal growth and productive interaction of educational subjects develops activity in communication, confidence, emotional stability, and internal locus control has been confirmed. Sample: 3440 people, including 290 teachers of higher education and 3150 students of psychological and pedagogical, economic, information technology, service, technical, agricultural specialties, as well as specialties in physical culture and sports (1860 years) for the period 20012022. To identify indicators of productivity of subjects of education, the following methods were used: a questionnaire to determine the communicative potential (R.A. Maksimova); express diagnostics of SAN (V.A. Doskina, N.A. Lavrentieva, V.B. Sharai, M.P. Miroshnikov); a test questionnaire of the level of subjective control (E.F. Bazhin, E.A. Golinkina, A.M. Etkind). Results: the differences in indicators of communicative properties and features of subjective locus control in the control and experimental groups prove the effectiveness of the psychological training program developed by us. Conclusions: it is determined that the creation of innovative educational technologies play an important role in the intensification of personal growth and productive interaction of subjects of education by means of psychological training

The chair of pharmacology, faculty of pharmacy of the I.M. Sechenov First MSMU formed the Moscow school of teaching pharmacology at the Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Institute, is a prestigious scientific pharmaceutical center. The article traces the course of the founders of the national schools of pharmacology (I.M. Dogel, N.P. Kravkov and others) developed by leading scientists (V.V. Nikolaev, M.P. Nikolaev, A.N. Kudrin) who worked at the department and created new scientific schools. The authors note the continuity of scientific traditions in the activities of the department in the course of its history. The information on the search for new approaches to the training of pharmacy, results of solving of some major issues of pharmacology are cited, which were the notable contribution of faculty in the biological and medical science.

The third part of this paper is focused on institutional factor of emergence of neurosurgery as a medical specialty. This factor includes setting up neurosurgery schools, postgraduate neurosurgical training, specialized departments, chairs and institutes, neurosurgical societies and journals. It is concluded that in the interwar period (1920-1930-s) became neurosurgery a separate medical specialty in USSR, Great Britain, France, Germany, USA and Canada. The theory of discipline-making factors might be used for study of emergence of other medical specialties and the phenomenon of specialization in medicine.

Information on the history of mineralogical research and knowledge in the independent Ukraine (since 1991) іs summarized in the book. The world-famous scientific schools formed in the second half of the 20th century (1940–1990): regional mineralogical, thermobarogeochemical, crystallochemical, mineral physics are characterized. The achievements of scientists in regional, systematic and genetic mineralogy, crystal chemistry and mineral physics, mineralogical crystallography, bio- and nano-mineralogy, experimental, space and applied mineralogy, museum work, etc. were analyzed. It is shown that after the crisis of the 1990s, traditional scientific directions are expanding and deepening, and new scientific directions are being initiated, in particular nanomineralogy and ecological mineralogy, the number of minerals discovered in the depths of Ukraine is growing rapidly, new periodical editions, textbooks and manuals are appearing, work is underway to create of the modern monographic summary – the Ukrainian mineralogical encyclopedia. The analysis of the obtained mineralogical and historical knowledge aims at new achievements in the field of mineralogy within the framework of the next major research path – «to develop all scientific directions of mineralogy, but with an emphasis on giving priority to regional mineralogical and applied works». The publication shows the ways of development and the fate of mineralogy in crisis conditions, especially at the modern stage in the complex geopolitical conditions of today, in particular during the war with an external aggressor, therefore, it is timely and necessary, both for specialists in the field of Earth sciences, first of all, for geologists and mineralogists – scientists, teachers, practitioners, and for those who are interested in the history of science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic geography is one of the most demanding sciences in Russia. Over the 300 years of its development, it has covered a long way: the results obtained in numerous expeditions by generations of researchers contributed to the formation of a single geopolitical space of the country, the liquidation of blanks on the map of Northern Eurasia, and the mobilization of resources for the development of the economy. The academic geography of the 21st century, characterized by features of a worldview science, strives to respond effectively to the most topical modern challenges and to create, based on the latest research methods, the foundations for the future rational spatial development of Russia. This article traces the evolution of ideas, methods, and schools of geography in the Russian Academy of Sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. At present, the history of domestic academic science and its individual institutions is of interest to many researchers, which is primarily due to the need to create relevant knowledge in Russia that meets modern challenges. Attempts to find (on the basis of experiences of the country’s scientific past) more suitable options for the development of fundamental science are quite understandable. Goals. The article aims to analyze the institutionalization of knowledge production in Bashkortostan and scientific activities of the Institute of History, Language and Literature (Ufa Federal Research Center of the RAS) over a century of its development in the framework of understanding the formation of Republic’s academic science and its main scientific results. Materials and methods. In addition to the available specialized literature, the work also relies on a variety of sources, such as legislative acts, records management documents, memoirs, etc. The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of primary sources to obtain generalized information on the history of the creation and development of a unique academic institution in one of the key regions of Russia which rightfully became a stronghold in the shaping of a unified scientific school of Bashkir studies. Results. The formation of national humanitarian thought in Bashkortostan has become a natural process of development of domestic and world science in modern times. The era of the scientific and technological revolution, widespread intensification of political and ideological competition, including that on the world ‘Olympus’ of knowledge, required the organization of a network of scientific institutions in ethnic regions of the country. Soviet leaders clearly understood the role of the humanities in spiritual and political enlightenment and education of the people — to invest heavily in their development. The state support gave rise to the 1922 establishment of the Academic Center under the People’s Commissariat for Public Education of the Bashkir ASSR that would later become — after a series of reorganizations — an authoritative comprehensive scientific institution. Its development was influenced by interconnected doctrinal, regional, all-Union / all-Russian modernization factors, as well as a system of interpersonal and intergenerational relations in the community of the Bashkir academic humanitarian intelligentsia. Conclusions. The history of the institutionalization of Bashkortostan’s professional humanities contributes to the understanding of dialectics, theoretical, methodological and ideological aspects of the development of scientific knowledge in Russia at large, the role and significance of efforts of outstanding scientists in the spiritual life, scientific and sociocultural development of society.

The birth of Romanian-language science does not coincide with the birth of the nation and it becomes problematic when trying to define it as a fixed and static cultural concept confined within the national state borders. Oscillating between two main views on "national science" as being a contact point and a separating line between cultural spaces, we will analyse in this article the way in which the Romanian-language science coagulated in scientific schools in the first interwar decades by using French and German models, decanting them and transforming them in a relevant way. We contend that this coagulation of foreign models into a "national" science was not the merit of a coherent central political project but rather a common endeavour of individuals from all cultural centers who actively contributed, through their collaboration and competition, to the participation of Romanian-language science to the international dialogue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides a thorough overview of the evolutionary process of the emergence, establishment, and development of the Kyiv school of artistic textiles. It reveals the influence of various factors (ideological, political, economic, and aesthetic) on this process. The historical and factual method allowed us to study socio-economic, as well as historical and cultural factors that contributed to the emergence, establishment, and development of the Kyiv textile school in a chronological sequence. Both separate Kyiv textile artists’ works and the differences of other schools were analyzed by the comparative method. It is established that the very fact of emergence of the Kyiv school of artistic textile, as a community of style, unity of forms, preservation, and continuity of traditions, had unbiased backgrounds since Ukrainian decorative weaving, a part of which is Kyiv weaving, inherited the abundant artistic traditions that were created over the centuries and most vividly manifested through the art of Kyivan Rus. It showed the significance of Kyiv as a major administrative and cultural center of Ukraine in the emergence and development of the textile school. The status of the capital city was the reason why prominent artistic forces concentrated there, creating several outstanding textile artworks intended for various purposes during the 1920–1990s. The ideology of the ruling Communist Party of the Soviet Union, which ordered the artworks for its glorification, had a stimulating impact on the emergence of the school. Analysis of the data allowed us to periodize the stages of emergence and development of the Kyiv school of artistic textiles as an educational institution. Typical features of the Kyiv textile school at different stages of its development in 1920–1990s are as follows: a) The presence of a plot theme, the epic breadth of the depicted scene, and the scale in monumental and decorative textiles; b) The stylization of themes, their conventional interpretation, and two-dimensional images that suggest the absence of perspective and the illusory representation of three-dimensional forms in decorative (non-figurative) large tapestries and decorative stage curtains made in various techniques; c) The preservation of established iconographic compositions created by predecessors, but performed in a new (stylistic and coloristic) interpretation in traditional textiles; d) As for the industrial textiles, the presence of two trends in the artistic design of fabrics: The first is associated with the artists’ focusing on the entire spectrum of the world (primarily European) textile fashion; The second one involves the transformation of traditional popular graphic themes in fundamentally new compositional developments.

The article presents the results of the first stage of functioning of Perm Polytechnic University as anational research university in conditions of state support. Priority directions and spheres of NRU activity have been marked out. The goals and perspectives of university development have been outlined. The university develops its activities based on the unity of educational, scientific and innovational processes, participates in formation of a global education and research space, provides training for a new generation specialists adapted to socio-cultural conditions of Russia and first-rate countries, contributes to the success of its graduates in competitive environments.

On November 19, 2020, the annual International Research and Practice Conference Ignatov Readings took place. It was dedicated to the 85th anniversary of the outstanding scientist - Vadim Nikolayevich Makhov - an Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Legal Sciencies, Full Professor, whose life and scientific work have been inextricably intertwined with the RUDN University for more than a quarter of a century. The article is dedicated to Vadim Nikolaevich Makhov - a practitioner with the richest experience, an outstanding scientist, and a talented teacher!

The modern expansion of subject areas of application in the development of economic theory, scientists, as a rule, distinguish four large eras of development, which are equal in their level of influence on the development of economic knowledge.

Retraction notice: Upon the request of the authors, this review has been retracted. The reason for it is that the last decade of geobotanical studies in Kraków has not been described in depth and this affects the conclusions. Kraków Geobotanical School is considered one of the oldest and longest-operating botanical schools in Europe; it was active from 1859 to 2020. The purpose of this article is to summarize the achievements of the school. We divided the history of the school into six periods: (i) the Formation period (1859–1903); (ii) the Romantic period (1903–1917), wherein long-term research projects were completed and with M. Raciborski considered as the first headmaster of the school; (iii) the Classical period (1917–1970), wherein new ideas and research techniques were developed with W. Szafer as the headmaster; (iv) the Duumvirate period (1971–1993), with J. Kornaś and A. Jasiewicz as the headmasters; (v) the Descendant schools period (1994–2010), wherein traditional (morphological) methods were utilized; and (vi) the Decline period (2011–2020). Each of these periods was characterized by the names of the headmasters or leaders, their roles, and their main achievements. We suppose that Kraków Geobotanical School, in its present structure, has finished its scientific activity, for which we present a few arguments. We have attached to the main text of the article, an extensive tables containing the topics of geobotanical research carried out in each of the six periods, along with publication samples. The most important scientific achievements of Kraków Geobotanical School are the following: several thousand publications, including monographs and syntheses of knowledge on Polish flora and vegetation; introduction of new disciplines in Poland (e.g., paleobotany, nature conservation, phytosociology, palynology, study on synanthropization); description of new plant and fungus taxa; and identification of syntaxonomic units in Poland and abroad.

Copyright of Social Work / Praca Socjalna is the property of Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im Marii Grzegorzewskiej and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Kraków Geobotanical School is considered one of the oldest and longest-operating botanical schools in Europe; it was active from 1859 to 2020. The purpose of this article is to summarize the achievements of the school. We divided the history of the school into six periods: (i) the Formation period (1859-1903); (ii) the Romantic period (1903-1917), wherein long-term research projects were completed and with M. Raciborski considered as the first headmaster of the school; (iii) the Classical period (1917-1970), wherein new ideas and research techniques were developed with W. Szafer as the headmaster; (iv) the Duumvirate period (1971-1993), with J. Kornaś and A. Jasiewicz as the headmasters; (v) the Descendant schools period (1994-2010), wherein traditional (morphological) methods were utilized; and (vi) the Decline period (2011-2020). Each of these periods was characterized by the names of the headmasters or leaders, their roles, and their main achievements. We suppose that Kraków Geobotanical School, in its present structure, has finished its scientific activity, for which we present a few arguments. We have attached to the main text of the article, an extensive tables containing the topics of geobotanical research carried out in each of the six periods, along with publication samples. The most important scientific achievements of Kraków Geobotanical School are the following: several thousand publications, including monographs and syntheses of knowledge on Polish flora and vegetation; introduction of new disciplines in Poland (e.g., paleobotany, nature conservation, phytosociology, palynology, study on synanthropization); description of new plant and fungus taxa; and identification of syntaxonomic units in Poland and abroad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is dedicated to one of the famous scientists, Alexander Abramovich Levi. This article reflects the personal life of A.A. Levi, i.e. pre-war and war years, his university studies, his work in the prosecutor’s office and in the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, as well as his scientific work. A.A. Levi was at the origin of the development and application of sound and video recording in court proceedings. Based on his project and with his direct participation the first specialized courtroom was created in the USSR. Scientific publications of A.A. Levy can be found in legal journals of Hungary, Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia and the USA. A.A. Levi was among the drafters of the Federal Law “On Legal Practice and the Bar”.

Modern Russian Pedology is a young science and emerged a little more than 100 years ago. The article is devoted to the analysis of modern scientific schools in the field of soil science, which are developing in Russia. The investigations are based on the analysis of candidate's dissertations (PhD theses equivalent in Russia) defended on a specialty “soil science” in Russia for the last ten years, as well as on information about the scientific advisors supervised these dissertations and their belonging to this or that scientific school. It has been found that the most actively developing schools are the ones of immediate disciples of V.V. Dokuchaev, A.V. Sovetov or A.N. Sabanin. The schools of S.S. Neustruev and I.V. Tyurin are singled out as separate “branches” in the development of Russian soil science. At present, the main training resource centres in pedology are the Faculty of Soil Science of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev, V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, Bashkir Agricultural Institute, Voronezh and Kuban universities. Number of soil scientists with advanced degrees over the past 10 years has tended to decrease, which is associated with the low demand for the profession in modern conditions of the country.

The study is devoted to thorough justification of a new periodization model of human geography development in Ukraine on the base of objective functioning regularities of science. The topicality and relevance of the given research for the national science were reasoned in the context of absence of accredited development periodization of Ukrainian human geography. The diversity of views on the problem has been logically unified. All the internal factors of the human geography development were successfully taken into account with crucial attention, making the further possibility to ascertain the stages and periods of its formation in Ukraine in the streamline of core concepts, determining the methodological status of science at a certain stage. Actually, the human geography was under the deep analysis within the science forming process in Ukraine. It was proved the origin of human geography in Ukraine goes back to the last quarter of the XIX c., while its eventual arrangement is stated at the first quarter of the XX c. As for the process of institutionalization of geography as a separate branch of knowledge, integrating natural-geographical, demogeographical, ethno-geographical, political-geographical, and economic-geographical knowledge about the area of Ukraine, it took place at the beginning of the last century. The activity of S. Rudnytskyi was of a key role at that time. It is he who is considered the founder of the modern Ukrainian geography in general and of human geography in particular, taking into account European traditions as well as own intellectual potential. As a result of the author’s own approach, there were three stages differentiated with corresponding periods: stage 1: the end of the XIX c. – the beginning of the XX c.: 1873–1904; 1905–1917; 1918–1921. Stage 2 corresponds to mid XX c.: 1922–1933; 1934–1963; 1964–1990. Stage 3 stands for the end of the XX c. – the beginning of the XIX c. scilicet 1991–2020. The vital traits of each stage and period were clarified in succession; namely, all the theoretical achievements likewise scientific-educational centres and scientific schools were under all-embracing investigation. The specific focus laid upon the traits of scientific trends, concepts, and theories of foreign geography. Peculiarities of their impact on the development of Ukrainian human geography were the matter of entire estimation. In terms of analysis of trends and concepts of the foreign human geography development of the XIX – the beginning of the XXI c., the significance of the latter on the research human-geographical issues’ formation in Ukraine has been revealed in succession. The professionalization degree of the human-geographical science in Ukraine was deeply shown, primarily confirming the objectivity of the given periodization.

Jaroslav Goll’s school, a noticeable phenomenon of the Czech historiography, was discussed. This school arose from J. Goll’s historical seminar at the Czech Faculty of Philosophy in Prague in the late 19th century. J. Goll’s students, the first generation of Czech professional historians, defined the Czech historical science development during the subsequent 50 years. The phenomenon of J. Goll’s school was for the first time analyzed based on the approaches of the contemporary Russian historiography. The anthropological and social aspects of J. Goll’s school were considered. Some facts of J. Goll’s biography were also mentioned. It was concluded that J. Goll’s school was a strong and leading scientific and pedagogical school. It had the basic elements of a scientific school as a social group. A great variety of research themes and methodological approaches within the school was determined by the wide range of problems covered by its research program. The revision of F. Palacký’s concept of Czech history initiated by J. Goll required multilateralism within the school. J. Goll did his best to preserve the school unity up to the World War I.

The article examines the century long way of formation and development of historical science at the Belarusian State University. It is concluded that from the very beginning of the university’s activity, the most important directions of historical research were formed in it. A special place was occupied by Belarusian studies, which became the sphere of professional activity of both historians and archaeologists, ethnographers, source researchers, historiographers, and archivists. At the same time, Russian and Slavic history was also deeply studied and since the 1920s. Belarusian antiquity, media studies, novistics et cetera has originated. It is noted that such a wide range of studies was largely determined by the fact that the university had to train specialists in the relevant fields of knowledge. Historians of BSU initiated the creation of separate research societies and institutions, including the Institute of Belarusian Culture and the Belarusian Academy of Sciences. Highlighted the stages of development of university historical science, which were characterised by their distinctive features and were determined by socio-political factors. The current state of the historical science of BSU is outlined.

The article is aimed at systematizing the basic views on the process of forming a fundamental scientific basis for innovation of enterprises. The views of the scientists who shaped the theories of innovation and the essence of these theories are considered, namely: C. Freeman (Science Policy Research Unit at University of Sussex, UK); B.-A. Lundvall (University of Uppsala, Sweden) and R. Nelson (Columbia University, USA). The author studied the main directions of work of scientists, which composed the basis of research, namely: J. Schumpeter (1883-1950) - the theory of economic dynamics; F. Hayek (1899-1992) - the concept of distracted knowledge; D. Norton (1920-2015) - institutional theory; R. Solow (1924 - to the present) - the role of the STP in economic growth; P. Romer (1955 - to the present) and R. Lucas (1937 - to the present) - a new theory of growth. It is defined that each of the founders of an innovative direction offers his vision of development, focusing on individual elements and relationships. All of them adhere to the general methodological principles of enterprise innovation, i.e.: knowledge plays a special role in economic development; competition is a major driver of economic dynamics based on innovation; the institutional context of innovation directly affects its content and structure.

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Copyright of Ukrainian Professional Education is the property of Poltava V.G. Korolenko National Pedagogical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This interview with Arkadiy Margolis, the first vice-rector of MSUPE, focuses on the issues related to the recently acquired membership of the Russian Educational Research Association in the European Educational Research Association (EERA). The Moscow State University of Psychology and Education played an important part in this process which enables Russian researchers to access the entire space of European educational research, to increase their publishing activity, and to participate in foreign international conferences. Also, this means support for young researchers allowing them, for instance, to take part in international schools for young scholars and to acquire new knowledge about modern research tools and design in educational research. All this became possible after a year and a half of hard work of improving ethical requirements and codes of research. MSUPE’s participation in the activities of the Educational Research Association corresponds with the University’s interest in promoting research which became obvious during the development and implementation of the innovative programme of education – the one that won the National Competition for Priority Project in Education all the way back in 2008.

The article discusses the main aspects of the reform of the tax sphere of the Republic of Uzbekistan. An assessment of the measures taken to improve taxation for their compliance with the criteria of scientific theories is carried out. Based on the results of the study, recommendations were developed to improve the classification of taxes and mandatory payments, as well as existing tax instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of study to find out peculiarities of change of generations of historians in Ukrainian historiography end of the 19 -- beginning of the 21 centuries based on a generic theory of generations, to trace its impact on updating methodological and conceptual foundations, problems of historical science, enrichment of research experience. Research methodology including consistent adherence to the principles of historicism, continuity, anthropologism, civilization, energy, sociocultural, generation and system approaches, application of methods of historiographic analysis and synthesis, comparative studies, modeling, specific-historical, historical-chronological, historicalgenetic cognition and own observations. Scientific novelty is due to the fact that for the first time it is based on the author's experience, as well as the precursors systematically considered the process and features of generations changes of Ukrainian historians in the context of general trends in the implementation of the principle continuity taking into account the specific historical conditions of the history of Ukraine of the modern era. Conclusions. As a result of the process research of changes of historians generations have revealed its influence on the development of Ukrainian historiography from the end of 19 to the first decades of 21 centuries, its theoretical and methodological are covered, historiosophic and historical principles, terminology apparatus, principles of succession and continuity, as well as crises and conflicts. Within this period, six generations of Ukrainian historians were conditionally separated to the present; the criteria of their chronological boundaries are substantiated, named leaders and the most characteristic features of each. The traditions and innovations of the methodological tools of each of the generations, their common and distinctive features are traced. Attention is drawn to the turning points in the change of generations, their influence on the outlook and values of Ukrainian historians, activity of scientific institutions, centers and schools in Ukraine and abroad, on issues of research, updating of paradigm, conceptual and methodological approaches in historical science, content of historical education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study is devoted to thorough justification of a new periodization model of human geography development in Ukraine on the base of objective functioning regularities of science. The topicality and relevance of the given research for the national science were reasoned in the context of absence of accredited development periodization of Ukrainian human geography. The diversity of views on the problem has been logically unified. All the internal factors of the human geography development were successfully taken into account with crucial attention, making the further possibility to ascertain the stages and periods of its formation in Ukraine in the streamline of core concepts, determining the methodological status of science at a certain stage. Actually, the human geography was under the deep analysis within the science forming process in Ukraine. It was proved the origin of human geography in Ukraine goes back to the last quarter of the XIX c., while its eventual arrangement is stated at the first quarter of the XX c. As for the process of institutionalization of geography as a separate branch of knowledge, integrating natural-geographical, demogeographical, ethno-geographical, political-geographical, and economic-geographical knowledge about the area of Ukraine, it took place at the beginning of the last century. The activity of S. Rudnytskyi was of a key role at that time. It is he who is considered the founder of the modern Ukrainian geography in general and of human geography in particular, taking into account European traditions as well as own intellectual potential. As a result of the author's own approach, there were three stages differentiated with corresponding periods: stage 1: the end of the XIX c. - the beginning of the XX c.: 1873-1904; 1905-1917; 1918-1921. Stage 2 corresponds to mid XX c.: 1922-1933; 1934-1963; 1964-1990. Stage 3 stands for the end of the XX c. - the beginning of the XIX c. scilicet 1991-2020. The vital traits of each stage and period were clarified in succession; namely, all the theoretical achievements likewise scientific-educational centres and scientific schools were under all-embracing investigation. The specific focus laid upon the traits of scientific trends, concepts, and theories of foreign geography. Peculiarities of their impact on the development of Ukrainian human geography were the matter of entire estimation. In terms of analysis of trends and concepts of the foreign human geography development of the XIX - the beginning of the XXI c., the significance of the latter on the research human-geographical issues' formation in Ukraine has been revealed in succession. The professionalization degree of the human-geographical science in Ukraine was deeply shown, primarily confirming the objectivity of the given periodization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We discuss the role of regional universities in the development of physical-chemical research and education on the example of Kabardino-Balkarian State University (KBSU). Special attention is paid to the development of scientific schools in physics and chemistry. The authors dwell on the prehistory of the development of natural sciences in KBSU during the Soviet period and the most important achievements of the past two decades in such fields as fluctuational electrodynamics, electrochemistry, nanochemistry, high molecular chemistry.

This article is a case study related to the role of “founding scientists” in creating schools and research directions.

The article represents the significant achievements and contribution of scientists of Moscow State Automobile and Road Construction Technical University (MADI) in development and improvement of the automobile and road complex in Russia. The article dwells on the areas of research activities of the chairs of constructional mechanics, theoretical mechanics, automobile transport, and transport telematics. One of the university achievements is creation of Intellectual Transport System combining in an integral complex the subsystems of traffic arranging, road safety, and information service for traffic participants.

В статье рассматривается процесс становления и развития этномузыкознания в Туве. Имеющиеся данные дополняются новыми материалами о ранее неизвестных работах (М. Серин-оола, В. Сапельцева) и работах последних лет. Впервые представлены архивные материалы - образцы песенного фольклора тувинцев периода Тувинской народной республики, записанные, предположительно, А. Аксёновым или Р. Мироновичем. Для тувинского музыкознания этномузыкологическое направление стало центральным. Основополагающее значение приобрел труд А. Аксёнова «Тувинская народная музыка» (М., 1964). Ныне тувинское этномузыкознание представлено исследованиями песенного фольклора (З. Кыргыс), национальных инструментов (В. Сузукей), горлового пения (З. -Кыргыс, М. Бадыргы), интонационного анализа и ладового структурирования (А. Монгуш), региональной специфики несенной традиции (Е. Тирон, А. Кан-оол), культурологических аспектов традиционной музыки (В. Сузукей, Ч. Эник-оол, Ч. Тумат), музыкальной терминологии в тувинском языке (У. Монгуш). Наименее изученными остаются обрядовые формы музыкальной культуры тувинцев, особенно связанные с буддийскими культами. В истории развития тувинского этномузыкознания можно выделить несколько музыковедческих школ: столичную (связанную с именами Е. В. Гиппиуса и И. В. Мациевского), Новосибирскую (ученики Ю. И. Шейкина, С. П. Галицкой, Г. Б. Сыченко) и Дальневосточную (школа Е. И. Алкон и С. Б. Лупиноса).

The article deals with research of the early stage of formation of scientific school of department of Civil Procedure of Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University. The achievements of the scientists of the department are analyzed, who were the intellectual founders of its scientific and pedagogical traditions. The urgent problems of civil procedure law science of that time and the scientific achievements of the department, which became cornerstones for its future development and next generations of procedural law scientists, are highlighted. The article presents the research of the subject of civil procedural law by S.Yu. Katz and L.Y. Nosko. Description of L.Y. Nosko’s works is made, in which the author examined some aspects of the method of legal regulation of civil procedure law, which at that time was innovative research direction. M.M. Vasilchenko’s research on the problem of the right to judicial protection as applied in terms of realization of the right to judicial protection by the defendant in a civil process is highlighted. Attention is drawn to the problem of theory of judicial decisions as judicial acts on implementation of the functions of justice in civil cases, particularly to T.N. Gubar’s dissertation research on this issue and to some other research works of the scientist. Yu. M. Chuikov’s position on the legal nature of a separate ruling are analyzed, which were highlighted in a monographic work of a scientist "Separate ruling in civil proceedings". In his further research, the scientist through the institute of separate ruling moves to more generalized research subject - preventive and educational activities of the court as a whole. Part of the work describes the research activities and scientific interests of A.M. Smetska, namely research on general issues on enforcement proceedings. The article also gives a brief description of the further research of the department and educational-methodical literature of the department, published during its existence, is presented.

The purpose of the paper is to identify trends and systematize theoretical approaches developed in the theory of education of Kazakhstan; to review and summarize new global challenges, related to the informatization of education. The trends of the large-scale updating of the content of education, dinamizing of the education process, diversification of education within the framework of the mega trend of the informatization of education were identified. The problem of the transition from the generation of the twentieth century to a new generation, from receiving knowledge by reading or from a teacher's monologue to the visual perception, dialogue or polylogue in the audience, was put in the forefront. These challenges should be explored by scientists. The continuity of didactic paradigms was described: behaviorism → cognitivism→ constructivism → connectivism. It was found that about 30% of the scientific research in the field of education, conducted in Kazakhstan, are explicitly focused on the study of the informatization of education. More than 35% of thesis researches are also explicitly focused on studying IT as their subject. Scientific schools in the field of the informatization of education in Kazakhstan, covering different regions of the Republic, were listed and summarized. It was found that in the Republic there are virtually no studies on the psychological changes in thinking, memory, and attention in the process of active electronic and mobile teaching of a child.

Abstract: Today, the effectiveness of scientific research is increasingly often determined by the size of grants obtained, the number of publications, and the level of their prestige, as well as the ability to attract public attention, rather than by well-defined problems and stringent methods of their solutions. This trend is disastrous for science. Bibliometric data, useful as a subsidiary method of evaluation, cannot replace expert opinions based on the analysis of the content of the paper. The pressure making scientists publish is leading to poor quality publications. The irreproducibility of research papers, amounting in oncology up to 75%, is now commonplace. This results in an incremental character of science, when the research is reduced to a systematic refinement of the available data. As a consequence, researchers and financing focus on known and common research directions, while there are still many understudied areas avoided by researchers due to the risk of failure and loss of publications. For instance, 1000 of 4000 E. coli genes remain absolutely uninvestigated. Clearly, there are even more unknown areas in complex multicellular organisms, including humans. This has created prerequisites to reduce the probability of large scientific discoveries, which are often made by chance. Science needs better financing and this is aggravated by the fact that the allocated funds are distributed without considering the scientific value of research and the accidental character of discoveries. The author draws attention to the importance of financial support of scientific schools that are the most probable centers for obtaining new scientific knowledge and preparing the ground for scientific discoveries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the nature and specificity of scientific schools in bibliography and librarianship, their role in preserving the high level of library science. The author characterizes methods used for researching cognitive and social communication.

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The article analyses the state of the art and the prospects of the Russian political science in terms of scientific communication. Political science develops through discussion on key problems of its subject matter: political power, legitimacy, justice, political regimes, etc. The quality of the discussion shapes the development of political science. The basic medium of the discussion remains an article in a scientific journal. Editorial policy of the leading journals is a key instrument for shaping the discussion and defining its norms and standards. There are few challenges for the Russian political science with respect to the development of a dialogue among its authors and scientific schools. First, it still has a form of a monologue rather than dialogue. There are a number of attempts to establish a dialogue with the leading foreign authors and a deficit of discussion among Russian political scientists. Second, double blind peer review still remains a rear practice. It is the only means for ensuring the high quality of scientific communication. Third, the quality of the discussion directly depends upon the differentiation of political science in the form of scientific schools. The Russian political science has a low degree of school differentiation. And the few schools that did manage to get established evade a dialogue on constitutive questions on theory and practice of political science. The author suggests that coordination of the leading journals’ editorial policy through different forms of institutional interactions including the Russian Political Science Association and the Russian International Studies Association might be an effective tool to encourage the discussion in the Russian political science and dialogue among its schools.

The paper addresses the history of formation and development of Kemerovo scientific archaeological school of primitive art researchers, which is currently one of the most authoritative in this field in Russia and abroad. The early formation and establishment of the school is associated with the name of A. I. Martynov. J. A. Cher and B. N. Pyatkinmade a great contribution to its development. Today, the activity of the school is primarily due to such researchers as O. S. Sovetova, L. N. Ermolenko, E. A. Miklashevich, A. N. Muhareva; the head of the school is V. V. Bobrov.

The article deals with theoretical and methodological approaches to the analysis of global competition. Evolutionary stages in the development of economic thought to the competition and the international division of labor are identified . The place of global competition in the system of economic management is defined.В статье рассмотрены теоретико-методологические подходы к анализу глобальной конкуренции. Идентифицированы эволюционные этапы развития экономической мысли к вопросам конкуренции и международного разделения труда. Определено место глобальной конкуренции в системе управления экономикой.

The article gives a brief overview of bibliometric methods in science studies. In the empirical part of the paper the authors explore the hypothesis that spatial economics, while existing as a relatively independent and developing field of study, remains a fragmented one. A database of publications in the area of spatial economics extracted from the Scientific Electronic Library was used to study several indicators characterizing development dynamics of the field of spatial economics in the last 10–15 years, its level of fragmentation and the corpus of journals favored in the field. Publications were selected for inclusion in the study with three search queries: «regional economy», «economy of the region» and «spatial economics». Using a cross-citation matrix the study revealed and described communications network between leading Russian journals in the field of spatial economics. The authors conclude that studies on spatial economics are very ambiguous and fragmented, in spite of impressive growth rates of domestic publications on this topic

Technology for creating electronic resources, devoted to scientific schools leaders of the Novosibirsk Scientific Center is presented. The electronic resource includes 34 personal biobibliographic subresources. The ways of further work are shown.