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• We analyse the impact of COVID-19 on Chinese transnational research networks in health. • We build a unique dataset comparing China and the U.S and COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 related research. • COVID-19 networks are smaller and less inter-connected, both in China and in the U.S. • Chinese COVID-19 networks attract a lower number of countries, in more volatile relations compared to non-COVID research. Research networks play pivotal roles in the creation and diffusion of knowledge. It is widely acknowledged that frontier research tends to cluster around transnational research networks (TRNs), which also represent strategic tools for nurturing innovation in R&D-intensive companies. Therefore, they are crucial for promoting the rapid development of the knowledge economy in underdeveloped countries. In this context, China's experience is particularly relevant because the country has invested heavily in knowledge production, which is arguably one of the most important structural changes at the global level in recent decades, with important implications for the division of labor and trade among countries. The country has been investing in order to become the scientific world leader, and in this transition, research collaboration, in particular with other countries, can become strategic. In this work, we analyze whether COVID-19 and related research have affected the shape of the network and the intensity of collaborations involving China in the field of health studies, comparing it to the case of the U.S. as the global leader in research (Fry et al., 2020). In particular, we wish to assess whether COVID-19-related research has pushed toward larger and more intensive collaborations internationally than before the pandemic or whether a tendency to closure has prevailed has prevailed. This also means understanding whether COVID-19, as a global phenomenon, has affected China in rising as an international research leader. To do so, we built an original dataset of international, coauthored publications involving China or the U.S. in selected health research fields. Our analysis first shows that COVID-19 research has assumed specific features distinct from other topics in the same research field, shaping research networks in a peculiar way for both China and the U.S. Second, for China, COVID-19 does not appear to have represented an opportunity to further climb up the international research ladder, as it has attracted a relatively low and more volatile number of collaborators from different countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific research has increasingly been becoming a group effort, which has been the main driving force in the growth of scientific productivity. While there have been multiple contributions toward intercity and interregional interactions in the analysis of these collaborations, intracity studies have been lagging. This study addresses this gap with the example of Istanbul, Turkey. Turkey has implemented a radical expansion policy in the spatial organization of universities after 2006 during which Istanbul has further strengthened its role as a science hub for the country. However, despite the increase in the number of universities and their personnel, the role of their collaborations in knowledge production has not been studied. In this setting, the study uses a gravity model for the measurement of Istanbul's intracity collaborations in six research fields. The study measures intracity coauthorship chances by spatial proximity, domestic coauthorships, international coauthorships, institutional distance based on public-private university coauthorships and the difference between founding years. The results show that spatial proximity within the city is mostly relevant for soft science fields such as humanities and social sciences. In comparison, intracity coauthorships in hard science fields grow with domestic coauthorships beyond Istanbul. Additionally, coauthorships between public and private universities did not have a positive association with higher coauthorship chances while differences in founding years did not prevent the growth of coauthorships despite organisational differences between new and old universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open and distance education (ODE) has continuously evolved, significantly influencing educational, daily, and professional spheres, thereby prompting interest in its sustainability and quality. This study explored global scientific perspectives on quality assurance in ODE using the science mapping method. Search terms centred on open education, distance education, and quality assurance; data was gathered from 4,224 scientific texts in the Web of Science Core Collection. Analyses were conducted using VOSviewer software. Co-authorship analyses explored scientific collaboration structures at the country level. Globally shared concepts of interest to the scientific community were addressed using co-occurrence analyses. A detailed examination of co-occurrence outputs led to classification related to general and emerging key concepts. Results depicted a widespread global interest in quality assurance in ODE, fostering connections based on new cultural similarities. The concept of quality assurance in ODE continues to be enriched and developed, gravitating towards focused learning and instruction, establishing strong ties with various components of regular education as well as human elements. However, the prevailing view of quality assurance has yet to encompass this diversity. Rather than consider the nature and current potential of ODE, it has maintained an externalized and technical perspective.

This white paper outlines the plans of the History Philosophy Culture Working Group of the Next Generation Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration.

Medical education is vital in producing competent healthcare professionals and advancing medical knowledge. The integration of e‐learning has emerged as a transformative approach to enhance medical education by improving accessibility, cost‐effectiveness and interactive learning experiences. With the COVID‐19 pandemic further accelerating e‐learning adoption, analysing the trends, publication collaborations and publication patterns in this domain is crucial. This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of published documents on the Scopus database in e‐learning in medical education to explore the trends in scientific productivity. Publications in the domain has sporadically increased since the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The pandemic introduces a changing focus in research and emerging trends, with COVID‐19 becoming a dominant topic and emerging theme. A collaborative research environment exists between authors; however, there is a divide between developed and developing countries in publication distribution, emphasising the need for equitable participation. This study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of e‐learning in medical education, emphasising collaboration, publication patterns, emerging trends, and the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Researchers can leverage these findings to advance e‐learning in medical education and enhance the quality of medical training and education. Context and implicationsRationale for this studyThe COVID‐19 pandemic reshaped medical education, emphasising e‐learning's potential for teaching and learning continuity during lockdowns. Bibliometric analysis is needed to examine trends in e‐learning within medical education.Why the new findings matterThe landscape of publications in e‐learning in medical education has changed; the bibliometric analysis of trends in the domain reveals key themes, pandemic response, challenges and opportunities to inform future research in the domain.Implications for educational researchers and policy makersFunders and institutions need to encourage collaboration between developed and developing countries to bridge the publication disparities in the domain. Developed countries can share resources, while developing countries bring fresh perspectives in their context. It is important for educators and researcher in medical education to report the implementation of e‐learning with specific details on the critical success factor of e‐learning in their context. This can provide a baseline for others to understand how to optimise the implementation of e‐learning to make it more suitable in their context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Scientific diplomacy involves the use of scientific and technical collaborations to foster international relations and to address global challenges. It promotes collaboration between nations through joint research and innovation projects, knowledge-sharing, and the application of scientific advancements to tackle shared issues and challenges in national and international contexts like climate change, public health crises, and technological innovation. France is a key player in international scientific organizations and agreements, emphasizing the importance of scientific and technological collaboration in addressing global issues. Materials and Methods: The primary source of data utilized in this scientometric study was the Web of Science citation database. The extracted data were recorded and analyzed using Excel software. Results: This study shows the state of French scientific collaborations separately from each of the five continents. On the continent of America, France collaborated with 32 countries, with most scientific collaborations taking place with the United States, Canada, Brazil, Mexico, Chile, and Argentina. In Europe continent, France engaged in scientific collaborations with 49 countries, including Germany, the United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, Belgium, the Netherlands, etc. Similarly, in Asia continent, France fostered scientific relationships with 36 countries, consisting of China, Japan, India, and South Korea emerging as its most prominent partners. On the African continent, France also established scientific collaborations with 49 countries, especially with Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, and South Africa. Finally, in the Oceania continent, France maintained scientific ties with 8 countries, especially with Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Fiji, and Vanuatu. Conclusion: The current research shows that France has a rich tradition of engaging in science diplomacy and international collaboration, emphasizing on multilateralism and cultural influence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: With the significant expansion of research, we are witnessing the discrediting of some scientific outputs in the field of medicine. This study endeavored to investigate the dimensions and patterns of cooperation of internationally discredited works in the field of medicine in the Scopus database.Methods: This study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of conducting research and data analysis, it is quantitative and has been done using bibliometric analysis method and scientometric approach and illustration techniques to draw scientific collaborations. The population is all the discredited medical works available from 2016 to the end of 2020 in the Scopus database which has been done using the network analysis method.Results: The findings showed that during the period, 480 works published in Scopus database were discredited. The Unites States, England, India, and China have the highest index of centrality, intimacy, and crosscontextuality. These countries play an important role in connecting nodes and transmitting information over the network.Conclusion: Discredited articles in the United States and England have high centrality indices, which indicates the greater influence and power of these countries, which, in turn, have a greater influence on other countries in the scientific network.

International collaborations show asymmetries and imbalances that influence how countries take part in international relations. In this context, science diplomacy (SD) could offer possibilities towards building partnerships and meaningful engagement between Europe and Latin America. The purpose of this article is to analyse how scientific collaborations between Latin American and European researchers are carried out, observing trends, behaviours, and perceptions. Qualitative methodologies and the analysis of empirical data collected through a survey allow the extraction of relevant experiences from real cases of international joint projects. Findings indicate that addressing the asymmetries in the collaboration between partnering researchers from Europe and Latin America is essential, and SD approaches may facilitate such endeavour. SD may not represent a panacea; however, it seems to facilitate the internationalisation of research in terms of mobility, international scientific collaborations, and knowledge exchange with under-represented actors in traditional international scientific schemes, such as indigenous communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication is the most fundamental process in research; therefore, scientific communication is the main center of the growth and development of the scientific community. Scientific communication means how scientists in each discipline can disseminate their information and knowledge through formal and informal channels. This is usually done through various media such as books, articles, conference papers, etc. This research has been conducted to investigate the scientific collaborations of Dr. Mehrad, “as an impressive specialist” of knowledge and information science in Iran, using the bibliometric method. The findings showed that about 180 works (including 57 books, 52 Persian articles, 22 English articles, 11 research projects and 38 dissertations) had been published by him. The study of Dr. Mehrad's scientific collaborations showed that 27.8% of the works were published as single authors and 72.2% as the group works. Dr. Dayani is at the top of his scientific colleagues with the publication of 9 works. The journals "Library and Information Science", "Social Sciences and Humanities of Shiraz University", "Information Processing and Management," and" Journal of Academic librarianship and information research" were the four journals in which most of Dr. Mehrad's works were published. The fields of "Library and Information Science", "Databases", "Shiraz University", and "Evaluation" are the core topics in which most of his works have been published.https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20088302.2022.20.4.5.4

Parent–child interaction therapy (PCIT) is considered to be an effective intervention for children aged 2–7 years with conduct problems. PCIT research has been conducted for approximately 50 years; however, an analysis of general research patterns has not been published. In this context, the present study outlines a bibliometric analysis of scientific collaborations, prevalence across locations on the basis of countries and organizations, leading researchers, and trends within PCIT research. Findings demonstrate that PCIT is an area in which international scientific collaborations are intense and current, and collaborations continue to be formed around the world. Additionally, results indicate that dissemination of intercultural PCIT adaptations are continuous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Known as a translator and illustrator of chemical texts, Marie-Anne Paulze-Lavoisier (1758-1836) has been often represented as the associate of male savants and especially of her husband, the French chemist Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier. This article explores her biography from a different angle and focuses on her trajectories as a secrétaire; namely, someone whose main charge was to store and exchange information by means of writing. The article investigates the presence of women in Paulze-Lavoisier's network before and after Lavoisier's death in 1794. First, it shows that her work as a secrétaire combined a wide set of writing practices with domestic sociability. Then, it examines how other women contributed to her collaboration with Lavoisier. Finally, it analyses how these relationships changed in the post-revolutionary and Napoleonic era, when Paulze-Lavoisier's role as a secrétaire took on a new meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: With the significant expansion of research, we are witnessing the discrediting of some scientific outputs in the field of medicine. This study endeavored to investigate the dimensions and patterns of cooperation of internationally discredited works in the field of medicine in the Scopus database. Methods: This study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of conducting research and data analysis, it is quantitative and has been done using bibliometric analysis method and scientometric approach and illustration techniques to draw scientific collaborations. The population is all the discredited medical works available from 2016 to the end of 2020 in the Scopus database which has been done using the network analysis method. Results: The findings showed that during the period, 480 works published in Scopus database were discredited. The Unites States, England, India, and China have the highest index of centrality, intimacy, and cross-contextuality. These countries play an important role in connecting nodes and transmitting information over the network. Conclusion: Discredited articles in the United States and England have high centrality indices, which indicates the greater influence and power of these countries, which, in turn, have a greater influence on other countries in the scientific network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we will describe a model to examine the influence of differently organized institutions on their scientific productivity. We take two extreme cases, on one hand, an institution divided in departments with no collaboration between people in different departments. These could be disciplines or merely projects. On the other hand, we consider an institution that allows interactions between all individuals, without a departmental structure to a department. We compare the results with data from the Institute of Renewable Energy (IER) at UNAM, which has changed its organization and policies during the last 30 years, and we could quantitatively predict the changes observed in productivity and multidisciplinarity. This model can be applied to a broader set of institutions and processes.

Parent–child interaction therapy (PCIT) is considered to be an effective intervention for children aged 2–7 years with conduct problems. PCIT research has been conducted for approximately 50 years; however, an analysis of general research patterns has not been published. In this context, the present study outlines a bibliometric analysis of scientific collaborations, prevalence across locations on the basis of countries and organizations, leading researchers, and trends within PCIT research. Findings demonstrate that PCIT is an area in which international scientific collaborations are intense and current, and collaborations continue to be formed around the world. Additionally, results indicate that dissemination of intercultural PCIT adaptations are continuous.

Communication is the most fundamental process in research; therefore, scientific communication is the main center of the growth and development of the scientific community. Scientific communication means how scientists in each discipline can disseminate their information and knowledge through formal and informal channels. This is usually done through various media such as books, articles, conference papers, etc. This research has been conducted to investigate the scientific collaborations of Dr. Mehrad, "as an impressive specialist" of knowledge and information science in Iran, using the bibliometric method. The findings showed that about 180 works (including 57 books, 52 Persian articles, 22 English articles, 11 research projects and 38 dissertations) had been published by him. The study of Dr. Mehrad's scientific collaborations showed that 27.8% of the works were published as single authors and 72.2% as the group works. Dr. Dayani is at the top of his scientific colleagues with the publication of 9 works. The journals "Library and Information Science", "Social Sciences and Humanities of Shiraz University", "Information Processing and Management," and" Journal of Academic librarianship and information research" were the four journals in which most of Dr. Mehrad's works were published. The fields of "Library and Information Science", "Databases", "Shiraz University", and "Evaluation" are the core topics in which most of his works have been published. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to examine the influence of social capital on the emotional cognitive readiness of faculty members for scientific collaborations using Structural Equation Modeling, considering the importance of social capital and its dimensions in social interactions. This study is applied research that was conducted in a survey method. The statistical population includes all faculty members (709) of two universities of medical sciences in Iran: Hamadan and Kurdistan universities of medical sciences. The sample size of this study was 250 people who were selected using stratified random sampling. Data were collected using two standard questionnaires. Spearman correlation and Structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to test the research hypotheses using SPSS version 25 and PLS 3. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between the dimensions of psychological capital (self-efficacy, optimism, resilience, and hope) and cognitive emotional readiness for scientific collaboration. Also, the results obtained from Structural Equation Modeling indicated the relative compatibility of the experimental model with the conceptual model of the research, which indicates the effect of psychological capital on cognitive-emotional readiness for scientific collaboration. This research can give university administrators insight into increasing scientific collaboration among faculty members. The factors affecting it should be identified and planned to strengthen them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use a data-driven agent-based model to study the core–periphery structure of two collaboration networks, R&D alliances between firms and co-authorship relations between scientists. To characterize the network embeddedness of agents, we introduce a coreness value obtained from a weighted k -core decomposition. We study the change of these coreness values when collaborations with newcomers or established agents are formed. Our agent-based model is able to reproduce the empirical coreness differences of collaboration partners and to explain why we observe a change in partner selection for agents with high network embeddedness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PurposePhysical literacy has quickly gained global attention as a holistic approach to combat physical inactivity and obesity. However, research silos may limit the growth and application of the physical literacy paradigm for effective physical activity promotion. The purpose of this study was to measure the underlying network structure of scholars publishing on physical literacy (focusing on empirical research) through co-authorship analysis.MethodsData collection resulted in 1,070 documents related to physical literacy retrieved. A total of 198 articles met inclusion criteria and were included in the full network, with authors operationalized as actors in the network. A total of 75 empirical studies were included in the sub-network for critical appraisal and further analysis. Social network analysis was then conducted at the macro- and component-level, using quantification and visualization techniques.ResultsResults revealed a collaborative, yet fragmented physical literacy network with sub-groups representing substantive and geographically diverse scholars. The majority of scholarship lacked empirical evidence, suggesting a research-practice gap.ConclusionRecommendations for advancing physical literacy research and practice include strategic collaborations that transcend geographic and disciplinary boundaries, cooperative efforts across scholars and practitioners, and productive discourse through professional avenues to progress knowledge generation, dispersion, and application.

This white paper outlines the plans of the History Philosophy Culture Working Group of the Next Generation Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration.

Introduction: Recently, cancer has become one of the most dangerous diseases in the world due to environmental reasons. This study endeavored to analyze and map the scientific cooperation network of researchers in blood and oncology research centers. Methods: This descriptive study was performed with a scientometric approach using network analysis. The population of the research included documents produced by researchers of hematology and oncology research centers in Iran, which were indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) database until the end of the academic year 2019. Results: Tehran and Mazandaran Universities of Medical Sciences had the most cooperation compared with their counterparts by producing 100 joint documents. The highest international cooperation was allocated to the United States (US), Italy, the United Kingdom (UK), Germany, and Australia. Besides, international articles with an average citation of 41.75 were significantly more considered and referred than national documents (with an average citation of 7.45) (P < 0.001). The study of the correlation between the number of citations and the number of partner countries also showed a significant positive and moderate relationship between these two variables (r = 0.353, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Academic collaborations, especially at the international level, have a positive effect on the citation of scientific documents. Therefore, the attention of research policymakers and researchers to this issue can help increase the publication quality of scientific articles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

مقدمه: از آن‌جا که پیشرفت علم نتیجه فعالیت‌های جمعی است، مطالعه کمی و کیفی همکاری میان نویسندگان در سطوحی همچون کشورها، مؤسسات و مجلات، اهمیت فراوانی دارد. هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر، بررسی همکاری‌های علمی بین رشته‌ها، مؤسسات، کشورها و نویسندگان مجله مدیریت اطلاعات سلامت بود. روش بررسی: این مطالعه به روش تحلیل هم‌تألیفی و با رویکرد علم‌سنجی انجام شد. بدین ترتیب، اسامی نویسندگان مقالات مجله مدیریت اطلاعات سلامت به همراه وابستگی سازمانی آن‌ها از سال 1383 تا سال 1396 به عنوان داده‌های تحقیق استخراج گردید. تحلیل‌های هم‌نویسندگی، محاسبه شاخص‌های مرکزیت شبکه و همچنین، محاسبه فراوانی بر روی مؤلفه‌های مورد بررسی شامل نویسندگان و وابستگی سازمانی آن‌ها صورت گرفت. یافته‌ها: در بین رشته‌ها و مؤسسات، مدیریت خدمات بهداشتی درمانی- علوم پزشکی اصفهان (102 مقاله)، کتابداری- علوم پزشکی اصفهان (87 مقاله) و مدیریت خدمات بهداشتی درمانی- علوم پزشکی تهران (46 مقاله)، بیشترین مقالات را به خود اختصاص دادند. مدیریت خدمات بهداشتی درمانی، بیشترین سطح همکاری با سایر مؤسسات را دارا بود. در مجله مدیریت اطلاعات سلامت، همکاری بین‌المللی با کشورهای ایالات متحده آمریکا، اتریش، استرالیا، انگلستان، بوسنی و هرزگوین، فرانسه و مالزی وجود داشت. نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به این که همکاری‌های بین ‌دانشگاهی و بین‌المللی هم در ارزیابی‌های ملی و هم در ارزیابی‌های بین‌المللی پايگاه‌های نمایه‌کننده به عنوان یک معیار مهم ارزیابی مجلات در نظر گرفته می‌شود، با وجود سطح مناسب همکاری‌های علمی داخلی و خارجی این مجله، لازم است به صورت مداوم در پذیرش و جذب مقالات با همکاری‌های نویسندگان خارج از دانشگاه، وضعیت مجله ارتقا داده شود.

This paper aims to explore the effects that organizational and economic proximity have on scientific collaboration (SC) among Spanish universities, which are institutions in a peripheral country to EU-15. The methodology to address our research relies on data from a set of co-authored articles indexed in the Science Citation Index provided by Web of Science and published between 2001 and 2010 by 903 pairs of collaborating universities. This paper contributes to the existing literature in several ways. First, we aim to study how Spanish academic SC evolved in the period 2001–2010 in order to identify which universities were more prone to collaborate. Second, we analyse how collaboration across distance has evolved over time, considering two periods: 2001–2005 and 2006–2010. Finally, we put forward an econometric model to analyse how geographical, cognitive, institutional, social, organizational and economic proximity affect SC. Among other results, we find that differences in the size of the collaborating universities are not relevant to explaining academic SC, while disparities in ages and international vocation affect SC. With regard to economic proximity, differences in GDP are not relevant, while differences in financial funding suggest a stronger rate of collaboration among universities with different levels of funding. Building on our results, we provide some policy implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New technologies transform research specialties and potentiate new fields. Sociometers—wearable electronic sensors collecting quantitative, dynamic data about embodied social interactions at hyperfine scales—represent such a possibility for small group research. This article introduces this new method and its distinctive qualities and affordances. Next, we relate its potential for advancing understanding of three types of small group phenomena: (1) rhythmic entrainment, emotional energy, and solidarity; (2) nonverbal dominance and deference; and (3) groups as complex systems. We then present findings from two pilot studies of small group creativity in science and art collaborations. To do so, we combine sociometric, survey, and ethnographic data to consider how speech participation, body movement, and volume shape group creativity and to illustrate how sociometric data complements traditional qualitative and quantitative methods. We close by relating practical lessons learned to aid future researchers working to harness this powerful new research technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ground level ozone is a major air pollutant with known toxic effects on humans. The research field is well established with many scientists from developed and developing countries contributing original research articles. Strict regulations for ozone air pollution are being implemented worldwide based on supporting scientific literature. In this scientometric analysis, we have analyzed the research trends in the field of ozone air pollution during 2011–2019. The collected SCOPUS data was analyzed using common scientometric analysis methods for known indicators to identify top ten rankings and scientific collaborations important for the field. Our result demonstrates that the USA is leading the field as USEPA and American regulatory authorities have funded most of the research. Two scientists, Russell A.G. and Schwartz J., working in American institutions, are leading with the most publications. Our assessment of ozone and PM together shows a significant impact on research direction in the last years to accommodate the study of both air pollutants together. In addition, we have analyzed the possible disease trends in the field for the last 3 years and identified that cardiovascular system, nervous system, and diabetes are upcoming disease areas that would be studied in the coming future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic is creating a global health emergency. Mapping this health emergency in scientific publications demands multiple approaches to obtain a picture as complete as possible. To progress in the knowledge of this pandemic and to control its effects, international collaborations between researchers are essentials, as well as having open and immediate access to scientific publications, what we called "coopetition". Our main objectives are to identify the most productive countries in coronavirus publications, to analyse the international scientific collaboration on this topic, and to study the proportion and typology of open accessibility to these publications. We have analyzed 18,875 articles indexed in Web of Science. We performed the descriptive statistical analysis in order to explore the performance of the more prolific countries and organizations, as well as paying attention to the last 2 years. Registers have been analyzed separately via the VOSviewer software, drawing a network of links among countries and organizations to identify the starred countries and organizations, and the strongest links of the net. We have explored the capacity of researchers to generate scientific knowledge about a health crisis emergency, and their global capacity to collaborate among them in a global emergency. We consider that science is moving rapidly to find solutions to international health problems but access to this knowledge by society is not so quick due to several limitations (open access policies, corporate interests, etc.). We have observed that papers from China in the last 3 months (from January 2020 to March 2020) have a strong impact compared with papers published in years before. The United States and China are the major producers of documents of our sample, followed by all European countries, especially the United Kingdom, Germany, the Netherlands, and France. At the same time, the leading role of Saudi Arabia, Canada or South Korea should be noted, with a significant number of documents submitted but very different dynamics of international collaboration. The proportion of international collaboration is growing in all countries in 2019–2020, which contrasts with the situation of the last two decades. The organizations providing the most documents to the sample are mostly Chinese. The percentage of open access articles on coronavirus for the period 2001–2020 is 59.2% but if we focus in 2020 the figures increase up to 91.4%, due to the commitment of commercial publishers with the emergency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing upon ethnographic findings from an epigenetics research laboratory in the United Kingdom, this article explores practices of research collaborations in the field of epigenetics, and epigenomics research consortia in particular. I demonstrate that research consortia are key scientific infrastructures that enable the aggregation of masses of data deemed necessary for the production of results and the fostering of epistemic value. Building on Science and Technology Studies (STS) scholarship on value production, and the concept of asset, I show that the production of valuable research within epigenomics research consortia rests on the active organisation and management of abundance and scarcity. It involves shaping and standardising the masses of data gathered in consortia, while it also entails research teams enclosing their data within their laboratories' walls. As they do so, research teams construct data into scarce and monopolised assets, which they can put to productive use in collaborative endeavours against a revenue. In addition to contributing empirical and critical insights into the ways epigenetics knowledge is formed and negotiated in specific research contexts, this article offers conceptual tools to examine and problematise knowledge production practices in data-intensive research more broadly. In particular, it points out that while contemporary big biology is marked by the generalised imperative to 'share' data and 'open' science, collaborative endeavours within research consortia are built around forms of exclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The structure of scientific collaborations has been the object of intense study both for its importance for innovation and scientific advancement, and as a model system for social group coordination and formation thanks to the availability of authorship data. Over the last years, complex networks approach to this problem have yielded important insights and shaped our understanding of scientific communities. In this paper we propose to complement the picture provided by network tools with that coming from using simplicial descriptions of publications and the corresponding topological methods. We show that it is natural to extend the concept of triadic closure to simplicial complexes and show the presence of strong simplicial closure. Focusing on the differences between scientific fields, we find that, while categories are characterized by different collaboration size distributions, the distributions of how many collaborations to which an author is able to participate is conserved across fields pointing to underlying attentional and temporal constraints. We then show that homological cycles, that can intuitively be thought as hole in the network fabric, are an important part of the underlying community linking structure.

The SYMPOSIUM will be organised by the NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR WELDING AND MATERIAL TESTING - ISIM TIMIŞOARA, ASSOCIATION FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH (ACM-V), UNIVERSITY "POLITEHNICA" OF TIMISOARA under de aegis of MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, RESEARCH AND INNOVATION. Specialists from SERBIA, HUNGARY and BULGARIA will participate in the SYMPOSIUM together with the ROMANIAN specialists. You are invited to participate at the XIth INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM "YOUNG PEOPLE AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several types of proximity affect knowledge flows with different strength. Insufficient attention has been paid to the interrelations between such forms of proximity at the same time, each one assumed to facilitate the flow of goods, ideas, and spillovers on its own but not in relation to one another. Moreover, if decreasing returns have been conceptually attributed to proximity effects on the intensity of scientific cooperation and learning processes, empirical evidence about nonlinearities in different proximity effects has never been demonstrated. This article aims to fill these gaps. Results on all Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS2) regions of the 27 Countries of the European Union (EU27) point toward the existence and relevance of synergic effects between different types of proximity. In particular, while social proximity has a positive impact on scientific cooperation, with decreasing magnitude as spatial distance increases, results on cognitive and technological proximity suggest that some form of complementarity seems to exist with spatial distance. In fact, when spatial distance increases, in order to cooperate, regions must also be cognitively and technologically close. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure of scientific collaborations has been the object of intense study both for its importance for innovation and scientific advancement, and as a model system for social group coordination and formation thanks to the availability of authorship data. Over the last years, complex networks approach to this problem have yielded important insights and shaped our understanding of scientific communities. In this paper we propose to complement the picture provided by network tools with that coming from using simplicial descriptions of publications and the corresponding topological methods. We show that it is natural to extend the concept of triadic closure to simplicial complexes and show the presence of strong simplicial closure. Focusing on the differences between scientific fields, we find that, while categories are characterized by different collaboration size distributions, the distributions of how many collaborations to which an author is able to participate is conserved across fields pointing to underlying attentional and temporal constraints. We then show that homological cycles, that can intuitively be thought as hole in the network fabric, are an important part of the underlying community linking structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past decade, collaborations between China and the European Union (EU) have been rapidly expanding. Hitherto, however, little research has been carried out to assess the implementation and impacts of such collaborations. This article presents an in-depth analysis of the scientific collaborations between China and the EU28, focusing on the major research priorities and benefits of these collaborations. To shed light on the initiatives of collaborations, corresponding authors are detected and classified into three categories: Chinese local, Chinese abroad, and non- Chinese. Evidence shows that academic collaborations between China and the EU28 have been mainly set up by Chinese researchers. In the fast-growing China-EU collaborative fields, the revealed comparative advantage scores in China have improved substantially. In the EU28, however, there is no such obvious improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific publications are no longer practised by only a few established countries. The scholarly literature increasingly acknowledges that global science is pluralising. However, the existing literature mostly focuses on the national and global scales of science and overlooks the regional scale, especially regions in the Global South. This paper investigates the regionalisation of science of the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN), a ten-nation entity. It envisions science space to be multi-scalar, consisting of individual, institutional, local, national, regional and global scales. Specifically, it develops an agential approach to analyse patterns of intra-ASEAN scientific collaborations and funding in a multi-scalar science space, with a particular focus on the actors in this space and the structure in which these actors are embedded. The analyses of the bibliometric data of ASEAN countries in the last twenty years indicate an increasingly integrated regional science space in ASEAN. The intra-region collaborative publications grew faster than the total publications. The countries have increasingly funded their own and each other's research, amidst the pluralisation of research funding. Malaysia emerges as a central actor in the regional scientific connectivity, despite Singapore having the most scientific publications to date. • Global science is pluralising, but existing scholarship overlooks the regional scale of science, especially regions in the Global South. • ASEAN has become increasingly integrated as a regional science space in the last two decades. • The intra-region collaborative publications grew faster than total publications. • ASEAN countries have increasingly funded their own and each other's research amidst the pluralisation of research funding. • The paper proposes an agential approach to analyse ASEAN science regionalisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accuracy of interdisciplinarity measurements depends on how well the data is used for this purpose and whether it can meaningfully inform about work that crosses disciplinary domains. At present, there are no ad hoc databases compiling information only and exclusively about interdisciplinary research, and those interested in assessing it have to reach out to existing databases that have been compiled for other purposes. Karlovčec and Mladenić (Scientometrics 102:433-454, 2015) saw an opportunity in a national database that brings together information meant to be used for assessing the scientific performance of the Slovene academic community, which they used to obtain information that was then applied to measure interdisciplinarity. However, the context and purpose for which databases are produced have certain implications on their use. In their study, the authors overlooked the social and political context within which that specific database was created, is maintained and is used for (evaluation of research performance). This resulted in an incomplete interpretation of the results obtained and description of the current situation. This commentary addresses two aspects that warrant further consideration: one pertains to the limitations of the dataset itself and the measures used to debunk these, while the second pertains to the line of reasoning behind the integration and use of IDR measures in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In sociology of science much attention is dedicated to the study of scientific networks, especially to co-authorship and citations in publications. Other trends of research have investigated the advantages, limits, performances and difficulties of interdisciplinary research, which is increasingly advocated by the main lines of public research funding. This paper explores the dynamics of interdisciplinary research in Italy over 10 years of scientific collaboration on research projects. Instead of looking at the output of research, i.e. publications, we analyse the original research proposals that have been funded by the Ministry of University and Research for a specific line of funding, the Research Projects of National Interest. In particular, we want to see how much interdisciplinary research has been conducted during the period under analysis and how changes in the overall amount of public funding might have affected disciplinary and interdisciplinary collaboration. We also want to cluster the similarities and differences of the amount of disciplinary and interdisciplinary collaboration across scientific disciplines, and see if it changes over time. Finally, we want to see if interdisciplinary projects receive an increasing share of funding compared to their disciplinary bounded counterparts. Our results indicate that while interdisciplinary research diminishes along the years, potentially responding to the contraction of public funding, research that cut across disciplinary boundaries overall receives more funding than research confined within disciplinary boundaries. Furthermore, the clustering procedure do not indicate clear and stable distinction between disciplines, but similar patterns of disciplinary and interdisciplinary collaboration are shown by discipline with common epistemological frameworks, which share compatible epistemologies of scientific investigations. We conclude by reflecting upon the implications of our findings for research policies and practices and by discussing future research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One interesting phenomenon that emerges from the typical structure of social networks is the friendship paradox. It states that your friends have on average more friends than you do. Recent efforts have explored variations of it, with numerous implications for the dynamics of social networks. However, the friendship paradox and its variations consider only the topological structure of the networks and neglect many other characteristics that are correlated with node degree. In this article, we take the case of scientific collaborations to investigate whether a similar paradox also arises in terms of a researcher's scientific productivity as measured by her H-index. The H-index is a widely used metric in academia to capture both the quality and the quantity of a researcher's scientific output. It is likely that a researcher may use her coauthors' H-indexes as a way to infer whether her own H-index is adequate in her research area. Nevertheless, in this article, we show that the average H-index of a researcher's coauthors is usually higher than her own H-index. We present empirical evidence of this paradox and discuss some of its potential consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

“Nemo solus satis sapit”—no one can be wise enough on his own. This is particularly true when it comes to collaborations in scientific research. Concerns over this issue in Vietnam, a developing country with limited academic resources, led to an in-depth study on Vietnamese social science research, using Google Scholar and Scopus, during 2008–2017. The results showed that more than 90% of scientists had worked with colleagues to publish, and they had collaborated 13 times on average during the time limit of the data sample. These collaborations, both domestic and international, mildly boosted author performance. On the other hand, the modest number of publications by Vietnamese authors was reportedly linked to Vietnamese social scientists’ heavy reliance on collaborative work as non-leading co-authors: for an entire decade (2008–2017), the average author assumes the leading role merely in two articles, and hardly ever published alone. This implies that policy-makers ought to consider promoting institutional collaborations while also encouraging authors to acquire the experience of publishing solo.

Regional scientific integration is a critical pathway for the development of an integrated African research area and knowledge-based society. On the African continent, progress in scientific production and integration has remained limited, mostly led by a global or international agenda, and bound to a few top publishing nations. The high-level policy commitments and the accumulated policies and strategies developed and pursued under the various intertwined sub-regional economic groupings have, to date, only diversely contributed to policy alignment and coordination in the area of science, technology, and innovation (STI) across Africa. In this context, this paper provides a first and hence original assessment of the role of region-specific factors in shaping scientific collaboration on the continent. For this purpose, our study builds upon the proximity approach to analyse the determinants of scientific collaboration between African countries, using co-publications data from Thomson Reuters' Web of Science database as a proxy of such collaboration. Our results suggest that the majority of African regional economic communities (RECs) have not yet had a significant effect on scientific co-publication. Nevertheless, some important region-specific factors do seem to be at play, such as a shared ethnical language, membership in the African and Malagasy Council for Higher Education (CAMES), and the presence of a common European partner as a third partner in co-publication. Existing policies aimed at the development of an Africa-wide research area should aim to leverage existing and emerging regional excellence networks and novel coordination models to accelerate the process of scientific integration in Africa., Competing Interests: The authors whose names are listed immediately below certify that they have NO affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers' bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript., (© 2022 The Authors.)

Many datasets can be encoded as graphs with sets of labels associated with the vertices. We consider this kind of graphs and we propose to look for patterns called maximal homogeneous clique sets, where such a pattern is a subgraph that is structured in several large cliques and where all vertices share enough labels. We present an algorithm based on graph enumeration to compute all patterns satisfying user-defined constraints on the number of separated cliques, on the size of these cliques, and on the number of labels shared by all the vertices. Our approach is tested on real datasets based on a social network of scientific collaborations and on a biological network of protein-protein interactions. The experiments show that the patterns are useful to exhibit subgraphs organized in several core modules of interactions. Performances are reported on real data and also on synthetic ones, showing that the approach can be applied on different kinds of large datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The structure and the sociology of scientific collaborations are receiving increasing interest, especially in a world characterized by complex problems, dynamic growth of knowledge, and specialized areas of expertise. The primary objective of this study was to explore the patterns of collaborations in tourism research community. To this end, the authors apply social network analysis on co-authorship data obtained from top three tourism journals. The analysis revealed that even though the tourism researcher network is large and complex, it is dispersed in the form of several core groups of researchers who sometimes act as nodes in the network. Further, significant network characteristics, and the sociology behind their significance are presented and discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Over the past decade there have been many investigations aimed at defining the role of scientists and research groups in their coauthorship networks. Starting from the assumptions of network analysis, in this work we propose an analytical definition of a collaboration potential between authors of scientific papers based on both coauthorships and content sharing. The collaboration potential can also be considered a useful tool to investigate the relationships between a single scientist and research groups, thus allowing for the identification of characteristic “types” of scientists (integrated, independent, etc.). We computed the collaboration potential for a set of authors belonging to research groups of an institute specialized in the field of Medical Genetics. The methods presented in the paper are rather general as they can be applied to compute a collaboration potential for a network of cooperating actors in every situation in which one can qualify the content of some activities and which of them are in common among the actors of the network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of a categorisation of ways in which the generated knowledge is transmitted, this paper explores the impact of the different forms of the globalisation of technology on developing countries. Through travelling, media, scientific and technical workshops, Internet and many other communication channels, globalisation allows the transmission of knowledge at a much greater pace than in the past. However, this does not automatically imply that developing countries succeed to benefit from technological advances. On the contrary, this will strongly rely on the nature of the technology and of the policies implemented in both advanced and developing countries. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Purpose: Physical literacy has quickly gained global attention as a holistic approach to combat physical inactivity and obesity. However, research silos may limit the growth and application of the physical literacy paradigm for effective physical activity promotion. The purpose of this study was to measure the underlying network structure of scholars publishing on physical literacy (focusing on empirical research) through co-authorship analysis., Methods: Data collection resulted in 1,070 documents related to physical literacy retrieved. A total of 198 articles met inclusion criteria and were included in the full network, with authors operationalized as actors in the network. A total of 75 empirical studies were included in the sub-network for critical appraisal and further analysis. Social network analysis was then conducted at the macro- and component-level, using quantification and visualization techniques., Results: Results revealed a collaborative, yet fragmented physical literacy network with sub-groups representing substantive and geographically diverse scholars. The majority of scholarship lacked empirical evidence, suggesting a research-practice gap., Conclusion: Recommendations for advancing physical literacy research and practice include strategic collaborations that transcend geographic and disciplinary boundaries, cooperative efforts across scholars and practitioners, and productive discourse through professional avenues to progress knowledge generation, dispersion, and application., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Lower-Hoppe, Kim, Brgoch, Zwolski, Schmitt, Paponetti and Quatman-Yates.)