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Σκοπός της διατριβής ήταν η μελέτη της Υπαίθριας Εκπαίδευσης και η ανάδειξη αυτής της διδακτικής προσέγγισης, ως ένα ωφέλιμο και εξαίρετο εργαλείο στον χώρο της Κατηχητικής και Χριστιανικής Παιδαγωγικής. Εξετάσαμε το θέμα που θέλαμε να διδάξουμε από όλες τις δυνατές πτυχές του. Το θέμα ήταν η «κτίση» και για την άντληση πληροφοριών χρησιμοποιήθηκαν βιβλικά και πατερικά κείμενα. Στη συνέχεια παρουσιάσαμε αναλυτικά τα χαρακτηριστικά της Υπαίθριας Εκπαίδευσης, καθώς επίσης και τις δυνατότητες και τους περιορισμούς της. Ακόμη αναφερθήκαμε στις κατηχητικές συνάξεις των παιδιών και τον τρόπο που μπορεί να εφαρμοστεί η Υπαίθρια Εκπαίδευση. Επίσης ασχοληθήκαμε με τη συμβολή αυτής της διδακτικής προσέγγισης στην ανάπτυξη του παιδιού και στα οφέλη και τα πλεονεκτήματα που μπορεί να του παρέχει. Τέλος, έγινε η εφαρμογή του προγράμματος σε κατηχητική σύναξη παιδιών με τίτλο «Μονοπάτι προς τον Θεό», με την προσέγγιση της Υπαίθριας Εκπαίδευσης, The aim of the thesis was to study Outdoor Education and to highlight this teaching approach as a useful and excellent tool in the field of Catechetical and Christian Pedagogy. We examined the subject we wanted to teach from all its possible aspects. The topic was "creation" and biblical and patristic texts were used to gather information. We then detailed the characteristics of Outdoor Education, as well as its possibilities and limitations. We also referred to the catechetical assemblies of children and how Outdoor Education can be applied. We also dealt with the contribution of this teaching approach to the child's development and the benefits and advantages it can provide. Finally, we implemented the program in a catechetical gathering of children entitled "Pathway to God" using the Outdoor Education approach

Nutritional rickets occurs more commonly in breastfed infants with rapid growth and limited exposure to sunlight. Hypocalcemic convulsions secondary to vitamin D deficiency occur largely in patients with rapid growth rates, such as children younger than 1 year and adolescents. Vitamin D deficiency seems to be an unrecognized and prevalent problem in school childhood. Whereas infants generally exhibit bony deformities, most school-aged children are asymptomatic. In this case, we present hypocalcemic convulsion in a 6-year-old boy with nutritional vitamin D deficiency in order to emphasize that hypocalcemia secondary to vitamin D deficiency can lead to convulsion in other children, as well as infants and adolescents. (JAEM 2014; 13: 206-8)

BÖLÜM VI ÖZET ÇOCUKLARDA HASTANEYE YATMA ETKİLERİNİN PROJEKTİF YÖNTEM OLAN RESİM ÇİZME YOLUYLA İNCELENMESİ Araştırma, Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları kliniğine Akut yada Kronik bir hastalık nedeniyle hastaneye yatırılmış 9-12 yaşında çocuklar, kontrol grubu olarak daha önce hiç hastane deneyimi yaşamamış sağlıklı çocukların hastaneyi nasıl algılandıklarını resim çizdirme tekniği ile incelemek amacıyla yan deneysel olarak planlanmıştır. Araştırma; Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Araştırma ve Uygulama Hastanesi (E.Ü.T.F.H) Çocuk Sağlığı Kliniğinde ve Izmir ili Bornova Merkez ilçesi Okullarından olan Kars Halil Atilla İlköğretim Okulu'nda 20.06.2004-31.04.2004 tarihleri arasında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın evrenini Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Araştırma ve Uygulama Hastanesi, Çocuk Sağlığı Kliniğinde akut bir nedenle yatırılmış dana önce hastane deneyimi olmayan 9-12 yaşındaki çocuklar, kronik bir hastalığı nedeniyle yatırılmış 9-12 yaşındaki çocuklar ve İzmir ili Bornova Merkez ilçesi Halil Atilla İlköğretim Okulu'nda okuyan daha önce hastaneye hiç yatmamış 9-12 yaşındaki çocuklar oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmaya, Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Araştırma ve Uygulama Hastanesi Çocuk Sağlığı Kliniğine akut bir nedenle yatırılmış 20 çocuk, kronik hastalığı nedeniyle yatırılmış 20 çocuk dahil edilmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri öncelikle hastanede yatan çocuklardan toplanmıştır. Hastanede yatan çocukların ve ailelerinin özelliklerine benzer özellikler taşıyan, daha önce hastanede yatmamış 87İzmir ili Bornova Merkez ilçesi Halil Atilla İlköğretim Okulu'ndan 20 çocuk seçilmiştir. Değerlendirmede şu sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Çocukların çizdikleri resimlerde, anksiyete, agresyon, depresyonun var olma durumu, benlik saygısı yüksek yada düşük olması durumu, resimlerinde sıcak yada soğuk renk kullanma durumu, bağımlı-otonom olma durumu, hastane imajım nasıl algıladıkları iki psikolog tararından incelenmiş ve gruplara arasında anlamlı fark saptanmamıştır. Çocuklara uygulanan durumluluk süreklilik anksiyete ölçeğine göre, çocukların durumluluk anksiyete puanları arasında sağlıklı gruptan kaynaklı anlamlı fark (F=23.719, p=0.000) saptanmış, süreklilik anksiyete puanlan arasında anlamlı fark saptanmamıştır. (F=0.365, p=0.696). Çocukların çizdikleri resimlerdeki anksiyete bulgusu ile aldıkları durumluluk ve süreklilik anksiyete puanlan karlaştırılmıştır. Resimlerinde anksiyete saptanan kronik hastalığı olan çocukların durumluluk ve süreklilik anksiyete puanlan resimlerinde anksiyete saptanmayanlara göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Sonuçlara göre, kolay uygulanan resim çizme yöntemiyle çocuklardaki anksiyete, agresyon bulgulan ve hastaneyi nasıl algıladıklarının incelenmesi ve çocuk hemşirelerinin bu yöntemi kullanması önerilmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler; Okul Çocukluğu, Resim Çizdirme, Hastaneye Yatma 88 ABSTRACT INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF HOSPITAL STAY IN CHILDREN BY THE PROJECTIVE METHOD DRAWING The research was planned to investigate the children's conception of hospital, these children are aged between 9-12, have stayed in hospital as a result of acute or chronic illness and as the control group children who have not stayed in hospital were used, and the research was planned half experimentally by using the drawing technique. The research was conducted between 20.06.2004-31.04.2004 in Ege University Medicine School, Research and Application Hospital, Child Health Clinic and Kars Halil Atilla Elementary which is located in Bornova, Izmir. Universe of the research was composed of children aged 9-12 years old and who have stayed in Ege University Medicine School, Research and Application Hospital, Child Health Clinic due to an acute reason; 9-12 year old children who have stayed there due to a chronic reason and 9-12 year old children who are students at Kars Halil Atilla Elementary school and at the same time have not stayed in hospital previously. Twenty children who have come to Ege University Medicine School, Research and Application Hospital, Child Health Clinic due to an acute reason and 20 children who have come due to a chronic illness were included in the study. The data of the research were first collected from the children staying at the hospital. Twenty students from İzmir, Bornova Kars Halil Atilla Elementary school not have stayed at an hospital previously and having similar characteristics with the children at the hospital and also their families have been chosen. The following results are found in the discussion. 89The presence of anxiety, aggression, depression, having high or low levels of self respect, usage of cold or hot colors in the pictures, being addict-autonomy, how they perceive the hospital image were investigated by two psychologists by investigating the drawings they have made and it was found that there is no meaningful difference between the groups. According to the state-trait anxiety scale that was applied to the children, a meaningful difference between the children's state anxiety resulting from healthy group (F=23.719, p=0.000) was found; there was no meaningful difference between trait anxiety scores (F=0.365, p=0.696). Anxiety on the drawings of the children has compared with their state-trait anxiety score they have got. State anxiety score of the children who have chronic illness and whose drawings anxiety has been found, has been determined higher than the children on whose drawings anxiety has not been found. According to the results, it is recommended to investigate the anxiety and aggression findings in children and how children perceive the hospital by using the easily applied picture drawing method and in addition to this it is also recommended to nurses to use this method. Key words: School Childhood, Drawing Pictures, Hospitalization 90 164