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With the deep integration of information technology and music education, how to integrate traditional music to innovate college piano teaching mode has become a problem that must be solved for the development of the times. Based on the scaffolding teaching method, this paper integrates traditional music elements with college piano in-depth and realizes the innovation of college piano integration teaching mode by adopting online pre-study before class, offline teaching during class and timely reflection and evaluation after class. In the teaching process, traditional music signals are represented by time-frequency domain features so as to realize the digital pre-processing of traditional music signals, and traditional music fundamental tone contours are transformed by using the fundamental tone feature extraction method. Then, based on the principles of physics, we explored the string vibration equation of the piano-generating principle and constructed a mathematical model for the piano music signal. To verify the effectiveness of this paper’s method in piano teaching in colleges and universities, relevant algorithms and teaching practices are used. The results show that the GNSDR of this paper’s method on vocals is improved by 6.58% compared with Unet, and its SDR is 4.25dB and 5.21dB when separating the two music source signals of Piano and Vocals, which is improved by 0.36dB and 0.14dB compared with SHN-4, respectively. The college piano scaffolding teaching model that integrates traditional music elements has enhanced sight-reading ability by 116.44%. Under the background of information technology, it is necessary to fully combine the relevant technology to extract the characteristics of traditional music elements so as to help teachers better carry out the design of piano music teaching programs and improve the quality of colleges and universities to cultivate piano talents who inherit traditional music.