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[ES] Un Plan de Movilidad Urbana Sostenible, PMUS, está definido como un conjunto de actuaciones que tienen como propósito implantar formas de desplazamiento más sostenibles en los núcleos urbanos, tales como pedalear, caminar, o utilizar el transporte público, lográndose así reducir el consumo energético y las emisiones contaminantes. En el proceso de elaboración de los mismos, se debe partir de un diagnóstico de la situación del territorio, que incluye la realización de análisis y valoración de la movilidad de las personas. En este trabajo final de Master se pretende, en primer lugar, estudiar las teorías psicológicas más importantes sobre bienestar, variables, escalas de medición y su aplicación en el campo del transporte (transporte público, privado y modos activos). Posteriormente, se analizará la metodología de estructuración de los planes de movilidad urbana sostenible, y se revisará específicamente los aspectos relacionados con el bienestar en la movilidad de las personas. Finalmente, se propondrá la implementación del concepto de bienestar en el transporte, en la fase diagnóstica y posteriormente en el planteamiento de alternativas del PMUS, con el fin de lograr impactar la calidad de vida de las personas, a través de las mejores experiencias en sus viajes, [EN] A Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan, PMUS, is defined as a set of actions that aim to implement more sustainable forms of travel in urban centers, such as pedaling, walking, or using public transport, thus reducing energy consumption and polluting emissions. In the process of preparing them, it is necessary to start from a diagnosis of the situation of the territory, which includes the analysis and assessment of the mobility of people. In this final Master's project, it is intended, first of all, to study the most important psychological theories on well-being, variables, measurement scales and their application in the field of transport (public transport, private and active modes). Subsequently, the methodology for structuring sustainable urban mobility plans will be analyzed, and the aspects related to the mobility of people will be specifically reviewed. Finally, the implementation of the concept of well-being in transport systems will be proposed, in the diagnostic phase and subsequent evaluation of the execution of a PMUS.

This paper reports on the effects of an e-cycling stimulation program on travel satisfaction in the province of North-Brabant, the Netherlands. The program was designed to stimulate car-commuters to shift to e-bike in daily commuting, earning a monetary incentive for each kilometre e-cycled. With a longitudinal design, this study shows a significant increase in travel satisfaction when switching from car to e-bike. Starting from an average slightly positive satisfaction with car commuting, participants reported an extremely positive expected travel satisfaction by e-bike. Although a bit less than expected, the experienced travel satisfaction with e-cycling was high after a period of a month and even increased in the following period of half a year. Where the participants can be sub-divided into car-only and multi-modal car-commuters, this distinction does not show in the experienced travel satisfaction with e-cycling. Our study indicates that the hedonic treadmill mechanism does not automatically apply to the satisfaction with e-cycling. Multivariate analyses suggest that the increase in the travel satisfaction is affected by self-reported health, car ownership, urbanization degree, whether car use and e-cycling are experienced as strenuous, congestion on the route and the attractiveness of the cycle route.

El uso de la bicicleta como modo de transporte se asocia con numerosos beneficios ambientales y sociales, no obstante, se desconoce cuáles son los más valorados por los ciclistas. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer en qué medida el Sistema de Transporte Público de Bicicletas (STPB) de la ciudad de Buenos Aires produjo impactos positivos sobre los aspectos que las personas valoran en el momento de viajar, analizando si estas evaluaciones varían en función de la intensidad de uso del STPB. Para ello, se diseñó un cuestionario basado en un estudio sobre la calidad de vida residencial que fue aplicado a 161 usuarios del STPB. Los resultados indicaron que los aspectos del viajar: rapidez, control del horario de llegada, ahorro de dinero y en menor medida la salud, fueron muy importantes para los usuarios y fueron los que más mejoraron a partir del uso del STPB. Asimismo, las personas que usan el sistema con mayor intensidad son las que perciben más beneficios sobre los aspectos no instrumentales del viajar como el entretenimiento y la comodidad. Estos resultados sugieren que para lograr que las personas realicen un cambio sustentable en sus comportamientos de movilidad es necesario mantener las ventajas instrumentales que ofrece el servicio de bicicletas compartidas sobre los otros medios de transporte. Cycling as a mode of transport is associated with numerous social and environmental benefits. However, the benefits that are most valued by cyclists are unknown. This study sought to find out to what extent the Public Bike Sharing System (PBSS) of the city of Buenos Aires produced positive impacts on aspects that users value most when traveling, and analysing whether these evaluations vary according to the intensity of use of the PBSS. To achieve this aim, a questionnaire was designed based on a study on residential quality of life, which was administered to 161 PBSS users. Results indicated that travel aspects such as rapidity, control of arrival time, saving money and -to a lesser extent- health were very important to users, and these aspects had the greatest improvement since they started to use the PBSS. Similarly, those who used the system with greater intensity perceived greater non-instrumental benefits, such as entertainment and comfort. These results suggest that, in order to achieve a sustainable change in mobility behaviours, it is necessary to maintain the instrumental advantages of bike sharing over other modes of transport. Fil: Jakovcevic, Adriana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Abierta Interamericana; Argentina Fil: Franco, Paula Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Abierta Interamericana; Argentina Fil: Visona Dalla Pozza, Marcela. Universidad Abierta Interamericana; Argentina Fil: Ledesma, Ruben Daniel. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; Argentina

IntroductionAn increasing number of studies in transportation research have recently focused on well-being and travel satisfaction. These studies argue that satisfaction with travel is an indicator of the trip's contribution to subjective wellbeing of the traveler. Although the attention on satisfaction with travel is increasing, relatively few studies have considered satisfaction with travel of children. As children's travel is strongly linked to distance and the built environment, they would be important additional considerations to such research. Therefore, this study looks into the household, built environment and trip characteristics influencing satisfaction with travel and mood among Dutch children attending primary school. Additionally, the study considers the mediating effect of parental safety perception on satisfaction with travel and the relationship between satisfaction with travel and mood.MethodsIn order to study these relationships, survey data were collected in the Netherlands from 660 children (7–12 years) and their parents. The data were analyzed using a path analysis.ResultsFindings show that parental safety perceptions are related to the age of the child, income, perceptions of neighborhood infrastructure and social cohesion. Satisfaction with school travel is higher when parental safety perception is higher, when it is sunny, when traveling with a friend and when traveling by bike when this is the favorite transport mode. Satisfaction with travel is related to children reporting a better mood.ConclusionThese insights can be used by policy makers to create safe school environments stimulating active travel, which in turn will improve satisfaction with travel, well-being and health among primary school-going children.

People are living longer than they did previously, and the proportion of older people is increasing worldwide. This rapid development will have implications for the transport system, in general, and for travel behavior and accessibility to daily activities, in particular. In recent years, both research and politics have drawn the attention of the public to issues affecting the opportunities of the elderly to participate in everyday life. The debate has so far mostly focused on health issues, with limited work having been done on the ability of the elderly to live the lives they want to considering how they travel. With this view, a theoretical model, grounded in a model of travel and subjective wellbeing was developed to explore the role of perceived accessibility in satisfaction with travel and life satisfaction. Empirical data were collected from a sample of 2950 respondents (aged 60&ndash, 92) from five cities in Northern Europe (Stockholm, Helsinki, Oslo, Copenhagen, Bergen) and analyzed using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings confirmed the link between perceived accessibility, travel satisfaction, and life satisfaction. The findings also showed the role of sociodemographic and travel attributes in perceived accessibility and satisfaction with travel, as well as the moderating effects of different age groups. We conclude that this moderating role played by age clearly indicates that we should not treat the elderly as a homogenous group in research and transport planning.

Wetenschappelijk onderzoek naar de effecten van een e-bike stimulering programma onder automobilisten

Wetenschappelijk onderzoek naar de effecten van een e-bike stimulering programma onder automobilisten

Wetenschappelijk onderzoek naar de effecten van een e-bike stimulering programma onder automobilisten

The general aim of the present thesis was to investigate the determinants of car users’ switching to public transport when driving to work. Since the quality of services is particularly low in medium-sized cities, making the car a much more attractive option, the studies focus on car-use in such cities. Four studies were conducted. In the first (Paper I), an Internet survey addressing what people using their cars to commute to work in a medium-size city believe would make them reduce their car-use as well as what improvements to public transport services they believe would make them use those services was conducted. The results showed that, the further to work and/or bus stops - the more the participants desired increased frequencies and shorter travel times, but less often lower fares. In the second study (Paper II), using a web-based experimental simulation, participants were given the task of planning their travel to and from work, including the performing of additional activities in accordance with predetermined agendas. The main results of this were that shorter travel times and good access to bus stops led to greater bus use while constraints imposed by a busy daily agenda led to greater car-use, in particular if car costs were low. In the third study (Paper III) a scale for measuring satisfaction with travel was developed. A new measure of travel-related subjective well-being (SWB), a 9-item self-report Satisfaction with Travel Scale (STS), was developed. The results showed that STS is reliable and differentiates between changes in travel conditions. In the fourth study (Paper IV) which attributes other than time and cost contribute to the preference of car over bus in the choice of travel mode was investigated. Using STS, developed in Paper III the effect of different travel modes on satisfaction with travel was studied. The conclusions of this thesis are that a public transport system must appear attractive, not only to its present users, but also to prospective users who currently use their cars. To appear attractive, it must not be too expensive and must have timetables and routes that allow users to travel in an efficient manner. One measure that can be used to force commuters out of their cars is higher car-use costs; however, car-use costs may need to be substantially higher than the cost of using public transport in order to be effective. As the present research has indicated, the perceived difficulty of using public transport is also an important factor. Raising car-use costs will thus be insufficient unless changes are made to public transport services. A factor complicating this is activity patterns, which are often complex. As has been indicated in the present research, the more complex the activity pattern - the more the car is used as a means of transport.

Surveys of satisfaction with travel are currently conducted as a means of determining the degree to which public transport meet various travel needs. A policy aim in the industry supported by the government is that more people should experience that public transport make their daily lives easier, for instance by increasing access to education and the labour market, and by contributing towards a better environment. This requires that public transport becomes tuned to various groups of citizens’ travel needs. It has been proposed that the possibility of travelling in a satisfactory way is important for the well-being of people. The first aim of the project described in this report was to develop and test a measurement instrument, the Satisfaction with Travel Scale (STS), that may help to understand how the daily work commute is evaluated by people living in different urban areas of Sweden (Stockholm, Göteborg, and Malmö), and how their evaluations are related to characteristics of the work commute including travel time, travel mode, trip chaining, and activities performed during travel (multi-tasking). The second aim was to investigate the relationship between STS and well-being measured by retrospective reports of the frequency and intensity of positive and negative affects during a past period, as well as by means of judgments of satisfaction with life in general. Sample characteristics, design and development of the survey questionnaire, survey procedure, descriptive results from a pilot study, and descriptive results from the main study are presented. In total, 996 respondents answered the questionnaire. An English translation of the questionnaire is attached in an appendix.