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Copyright of Revista Hidalguía is the property of Revista Hidalguia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Given the current need to reduce the Urban Heat Island (UHI) worldwide, one of the strategies that can contribute to this mitigation is green façades. In this context, the aim of this research is to evaluate a Living Wall System (LWS) as a strategy to reduce the urban heat island in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, using outdoor test cells. This research was focused on the monitoring of two different façades, an LWS and a reference façade, during the warmer months. For the comparison, the parameters measured were air temperature, relative humidity, surface temperature and environmental variables. In addition, thermal images were taken. Results reveal that during the days selected, the average outdoor air temperature difference between the LWS compared to the reference façade was 5.3 °C, whereas during the day, the average was 3.3 °C. Concerning surface temperature, in the case of the LWS, the temperature was higher and had greater fluctuations than the reference façade. This behavior was confirmed by the results obtained with thermal images. In conclusion, using an LWS in a tropical climate helps the urban microclimate, which contributes to urban heat island effect mitigation during the warmer months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the effects of a celebrated resettlement of a flood-prone informal settlement in Santo Domingo, the capital city of the Dominican Republic. Drawing on data collected from 102 resettled households, three years post-relocation, we document perceptions of the new community and self-reported changes on several risk-reduction and development indicators. We found mixed outcomes. Moving to an upgraded built environment led to improved perceptions of happiness, climate resilience and security against crime. Yet, for most respondents, the resettlement had adverse impacts on social capital and economic mobility. In the new site, social norms imposed upon residents, restricting individual and collective freedom, have resulted in sentiments of captivity and immobility. There is a major disconnect between the rhetoric of the political elites that promote the project as socio-environmental justice and urban development, and residents' experiences on the ground. This article brings attention to the negotiations and trade-offs that urban poor households are exposed to, even in well-designed resettlement interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La función sociocultural de la arquitectura suele estar vinculada a los contenidos que se pueden codificar y expresar en su envolvente. Estos elementos son percibidos por las distintos grupos sociales desde el espacio público, que es donde se producen los procesos de construcción de la memoria colectiva, la imagen de la ciudad y los escenarios urbanos. El caso de la Ciudad Colonial de Santo Domingo no escapa a esta realidad. Aunque ocupa algo menos del 1% del territorio de la capital dominicana, este singular centro histórico mantiente una vitalidad cultural sobresaliente debido a las relaciones que se establecen entre su arquitectura y el espacio urbano que la contiene. El presente artículo procura analizar las relaciones existentes entre algunas de las más relevantes piezas de la arquitectura que define el emblemático espacio urbano del Parque Colón, antigua Plaza Mayor, de la Ciudad Colonial de Santo Domingo. Además, se presentan algunos de los cambios manifestados en su proceso evolutivo como espacio de actuación cultural colectiva y evidencias de la permanencia de usos ancestrales que conviven con la potencia de una dinámica social cambiante, que ha recibido los influjos de algunas de las diversas expresiones culturales que han incidido en la configuración de la dominicanidad.

En este trabajo ofrecemos una perspectiva humana de la migración, particularmente con lo que tiene que ver con el pueblo judío. Analizamos la historia y los movimientos surgidos a lo largo de los siglos. El caso de la República Dominicana es único. Es un país en el que no se registran hechos de antisemitismo recurrente y sí se aprecia una gran tolerancia a la libertad religiosa. Una causa probable tiene que ver con la génesis de la República luego de la ocupación haitiana, que asumiendo los valores franceses del momento, otorgó total libertad de cultos. Por otro lado el fenómeno de la “fusión” interreligiosa en la República Dominicana es también muy particular. Desde la misma fundación de la República en 1844 personas de diversa religión se unen y van cambiando a medida que se integran a la vida nacional. Desde luego, en un país predominantemente católico, la tendencia ha sido las familias dentro de esa religión. Sin embargo, en el caso de los judíos, siempre se ha conservado un orgullo por sus raíces y una admiración por el pueblo de Israel.

In November 1682 the Dutch pirate Nicholas Van Hoorn entered the port of Santo Domingo. He left behind a path of robberies in Spain and attacks on ships of every nationality in West Africa for which English and Dutch authorities sought to prosecute him. The events that transpired during Van Hoorn's visit to Hispaniola reveal that European diplomatic alliances meant little in places where local groups had co-opted the Spanish bureaucracy under their own control and patronage. Local interests used their political influence to maneuver the Spanish administration and to serve their own goals, thus upending Spanish (and by extension, European) diplomatic arrangements. The sack of Veracruz in 1683 was in part the consequence of these actions, showing a worst-case scenario of the impact that events in the Spanish Caribbean borderlands had on the functioning of imperial systems. This article thus seeks to encourage a reevaluation of the relevance of Spanish Caribbean in the functioning of the Spanish colonial system beyond their traditional categorization as marginal enclaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1627 and 1628, Francisco de Prada carried out a royal commission to investigate illicit arrivals of slaving voyages to Santo Domingo and San Juan over the previous five years. The witness testimony he gathered during the course of his investigation reveals that—even though Cartagena and Veracruz had become the primary official destinations for enslaved Africans transported to Spanish America—these ports remained closely connected to Portuguese African territories and to regional trade circuits due to periodic emergency entries by slaving vessels using them as alternate entry points to the Spanish Caribbean. While Prada's records obscure the human stories of thousands of enslaved Africans taken to Hispaniola and Puerto Rico, they contain a variety of valuable insights into informal slaving routes and practices in a multinational Caribbean prior to the end of the Portuguese asiento period in 1640. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a perspective on the lives of indigenous women in the context of the European conquest and colonization of the Caribbean, specifically on the island of Hispaniola. It integrates ethnohistorical information, published primary sources, secondary sources and results of archaeological research. The text articulates a general vision, which summarizes scattered and sometimes little-known data, reflecting the action of dominance over women, the complexity of the female experience in this universe, and also their capacities to face change and transmit the indigenous cultural legacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos de Estudios del Siglo XVIII is the property of Instituto Feijoo de Estudios del Siglo XVIII (Universidad de Oviedo) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the present investigation, we study the influence of conventual foundations on the origin of the urban layout of two of the first cities in the Spanish colonization of America: Santo Domingo (1502) and Panama Viejo (1519), examples of early colonial urbanism. Starting with cartography and historical bibliography, as well as recent studies on their urban evolution and using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for graphic representation, a comparative study is carried out between both cities divided into stages of urban expansion until their consolidation (or disappearance in the case of Panama in 1671). We have been able to verify how, in Santo Domingo, the religious orders settled on the outskirts of the city, marking the axes of expansion as an instrument of control and consolidation of an urban layout closer to the idea of a grid, which will materialize more precisely in later cities. Meanwhile, in Panama Viejo, the city was formed longitudinally on the streets occupied by the convents, which served as the main axes that defined the urban design of the city. This article aims to demonstrate the importance of the role of religious power in the formation of the cities presented here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the five General Conferences of the Latin American Episcopate held over the course of half a century, from the first one, held in Rio, until the most recent one in Aparecida. To facilitate the understanding of these Conferences, the theological context of each is recalled and some of the main points of their "Conclusions" are indicated. These Episcopal Assemblies prove that there is a specifically Latin American pastoral theology. Nonetheless, if before one had to prevent Eurocentric exaggerations, it is currently necessary that one avoid excessive Latin Americanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present investigation, we study the influence of conventual foundations on the origin of the urban layout of two of the first cities in the Spanish colonization of America: Santo Domingo (1502) and Panama Viejo (1519), examples of early colonial urbanism. Starting with cartography and historical bibliography, as well as recent studies on their urban evolution and using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for graphic representation, a comparative study is carried out between both cities divided into stages of urban expansion until their consolidation (or disappearance in the case of Panama in 1671). We have been able to verify how, in Santo Domingo, the religious orders settled on the outskirts of the city, marking the axes of expansion as an instrument of control and consolidation of an urban layout closer to the idea of a grid, which will materialize more precisely in later cities. Meanwhile, in Panama Viejo, the city was formed longitudinally on the streets occupied by the convents, which served as the main axes that defined the urban design of the city. This article aims to demonstrate the importance of the role of religious power in the formation of the cities presented here.

En la primavera de 1793, los líderes de la Revolución Haitiana Jean-François Papillon, Georges Biassou y Toussaint Bréda comenzaron a negociar su alianza con las autoridades coloniales de Santo Domingo. La correspondencia de los generales rebeldes evidencia tanto las condiciones en que se produjo su inclusión en los efectivos coloniales españoles como la existencia de contactos con ellos desde tiempo atrás. El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar el contenido de la correspondencia para identificar los móviles de ambas partes en la alianza.

Descritos históricamente desde las teorías de la marginalidad y precariedad urbanas, los “barrios pobres” deberían desaparecer para que las ciudades latinoamericanas alcancen la sostenibilidad. Sin embargo, en países como la República Dominicana, donde estos barrios forman parte del mercado informal responsable del 75% de la producción de viviendas y estructuran fuertemente el tramado urbano de la ciudad de Santo Domingo, resulta necesario otro enfoque de análisis. En efecto, para algunos autores, la existencia de estos barrios en nuestras ciudades de hoy es una señal de su crucial importancia para la definición y el desarrollo del urbanismo contemporáneo y de la capacidad de sus habitantes para aceptar transformaciones significativas, especialmente, en términos de sostenibilidad. El presente artículo propone, en esa misma línea, un estudio sobre la sostenibilidad de cuatro barrios dominicanos a partir de tres categorías de análisis: las competencias de los habitantes, la estructura urbana compacta de los barrios y el ejercicio eco-ciudadano. Para esos fines, se desplegó una metodología cualitativa y se utilizaron las herramientas de la investigación etnográfica: observación prolongada en el tiempo y descripción sistemática de espacios y situaciones. Los resultados muestran que, aunque los barrios presentan características compatibles con la sostenibilidad urbana, estas son poco reconocidas y están sujetas a las formas de descalificación socio-espacial interna y externa.

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Historically described through theories of marginality and urban precariousness, 'informal settlements' must disappear for Latin American cities to achieve sustainability. However, in countries such as the Dominican Republic, these neighborhoods are part of the informal market responsible for 75% of housing production. Because they powerfully shape the urban pattern of the city of Santo Domingo, a new analysis approach is necessary. For some researchers, the existence of these barrios in our cities indicates that these neighborhoods are crucial for the definition and development of contemporary urbanism. Their inhabitants are capable actors able to embrace significant transformations, particularly in terms of sustainability. In line with this approach, this article offers a study of four Dominican slums based on three categories of analysis: the inhabitant's capabilities, the compact urban structure of informal settlements, and the practice of eco-citizenship. For these purposes, a qualitative methodology was deployed using ethnographic research tools: participant observation over time and systematic description of spaces and situations. The results show that even if these informal settlements have characteristics compatible with urban sustainability, they are little recognized and dependent on internal and external socio-spatial depreciation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the current knowledge we have about the life of Santo Domingo is presented in a synthetic way, founder of the Order of Preachers, and the sources with which his hagiography had been constructed throughout the 13th century are analysed. From there, the additions and aspects that the 16th century chroniclers highlighted about the life of the saint are examined, educated in the ideals of regular observance and in humanistic criticism, who, precisely, proposed the founder as the model of the observant Castilian friar. In fact, the chronicles of the Order must be considered as stories proper, but, above all, as writings of religious formation for the friars themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anuario de Estudios Americanos is the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

RESUMEN En este documento, relato a través de un breve ensayo mi experiencia como enfermero en el barrio de Santo Domingo, en el municipio de La Guancha (Tenerife, España). Trato de describir el entorno y las impresiones que me causaron sus gentes que eran mis pacientes y mi visión personal al aplicar el método de la enfermería comunitaria en este entorno desde mi punto de vista profesional. Los objetivos que me he planteado han sido relatar de forma breve la vivencia personal que he tenido ejerciendo de enfermero en el lugar mencionado y mostrar cómo he ejercido y entendido la enfermería comunitaria en Santo Domingo de La Guancha. La metodología a utilizar es la de un ensayo personal desde un enfoque fenomenológico ya que se trata de relatar una vivencia con una interpretación personal acerca de una realidad vivida.

Se presenta un análisis sobre la riqueza, diversidad y abundancia de aves en cuatro áreas verdes de la ciudad de Santo Domingo: Plaza de la Cultura Juan Pablo Duarte, Parque Mirador Sur, Jardín Botánico Nacional Dr. Rafael M. Moscoso y Parque Mirador Norte. El trabajo de campo fue realizado desde febrero del 2013 hasta noviembre de 2017. Utilizando puntos de conteo y tranceptos en franjas se registró un total de 3 473 individuos, correspondientes a 70 especies y 37 familias. Del total de especies registradas, 7 son endémicas, 37 residentes, 20 migratorias y 6 introducidas. El Parque Mirador Norte, presentó el más alto valor en riqueza de especies (54), mientras que la Plaza de la Cultura Juan Pablo Duarte y el Parque Mirador Sur registraron los valores más bajos, con 35 y 38 especies, respectivamente. La mayor abundancia de individuos se registró en el Jardín Botánico Nacional (1 373) y la menor en el Parque Mirador Norte (562). El mayor valor de diversidad corresponde al Parque Mirador Norte (H´= 3.3 y D-1= 0.94), mientras que la Plaza de la Cultura presentó el valor más bajo (H´= 2.3 y D-1= 0.89). Las especies registradas fueron agrupadas en ocho gremios tróficos, siendo el de las omnívoras el más numeroso. De acuerdo con los criterios de la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (UICN), cuatro de las especies se encuentran amenazadas y otra casi amenazada, siendo estas áreas de importancia relevante para su conservación en la ciudad de Santo Domingo.

Copyright of Cuadernos de H Ideas is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 1825, France recognized its former colony Haiti's independence, ending an over twenty-year struggle for the black republic to obtain legal recognition as a sovereign state but saddling it with a financial indemnity that crippled its economy. This article argues that France's formal recognition of the republic gave Haiti an important advantage to defend its sovereignty as a legitimate nation, as well as its political union with Santo Domingo in 1822. In doing so, the study brings together two bodies of literature that rarely speak to one another: nineteenth-century Haitian diplomatic history and works treating Dominicans' experience under Haitian rule. This article will focus on the aftermath of French recognition of Haitian independence that affected British commercial negotiations with Haiti. Finally, it will examine how Haiti's recognized independence forced the Spanish to enter diplomatic talks with the Haitians over sovereignty and rule in Santo Domingo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1824, the Haitian government passed a series of laws that secularized the Catholic Church's lands in Santo Domingo and placed this religious institution under state control. Using correspondences, pamphlets, and petitions, this article argues that Haitian reforms of the Church in Santo Domingo created a new power dynamic that incorporated local communities with these secular and religious institutions. In doing so, this literature brings together two literatures that rarely speak to one another: the impact of the Haitian Unification on the Church in Santo Domingo and Haitian diplomatic negotiations over sovereignty in the Atlantic world. This article will discuss how different relationships between Church and state in Santo Domingo and Haiti resulted in conflict after Haiti's annexation in 1822. Next, it will focus on the clerics' responses to Haitian rule that includes the consequences of the 1824 secularization law. Finally, it will examine the impact of Haitian reforms on local communities particularly their relationships with their priests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Espacio, Tiempo y Forma. Serie IV, Historia Moderna is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Early detection and treatment of pediatric asthma could reduce morbidity and lessen burden on society. Currently there is no known research on the prevalence of pediatric asthma in the Dominican Republic (DR) and no known asthma risk assessment tool for one-time encounters in a fast-paced clinic. Objectives: To pilot a streamlined version of previously validated screening tools to estimate the prevalence of pediatric asthma risk in Santo Domingo Norte, DR. Methods: A combined asthma questionnaire and clinical assessment tool was developed and administered to patients aged 2-12 years. Findings: We found that 25.7% of the 74 study participants were categorized as probable asthma, 21.6% were at high risk for asthma, 14.9% elevated risk, and 37.8% not at risk. Conclusion: If the prevalence of 25.7% is representative of the DR as a whole, the DR would have one of the highest national rates in Latin America. The study assessment tool was convenient to use, but tool validation is needed.

The liberalisation of the slave trade in the Spanish Caribbean ended with a series of political measures which aimed to revitalise the practice of slavery in the region. After granting a series of monopoly contracts (asientos) to merchant houses based in other western European nations to supply slaves to Spanish America, the Spanish monarchy decided to liberalise import mechanisms. These reforms turned Cuba, especially Havana, into the most important slave trade hub within the Spanish Caribbean. Havana was connected with both Atlantic and inter-colonial trade networks, while other authorised ports imported slaves from other Caribbean territories; Spanish, British, Dutch, Danish and American traders all participated in this trade, and slave trafficking became the most profitable form of commerce in the region during this period.

As the oldest city of the New World, Santo Domingo has undergone major institutional, political, economic and urban restructuring in five centuries of urban history. This city profile article investigates first the historical urban development of the city and then scrutinizes contemporary urban policies and projects that respond to challenges of rapid growth, inequality, and vulnerability to climate change. The article highlights how centralized policies initiated by divergent political regimes have resulted in a segregated city where Presidents used urban space to leave their legacies without adhering to planning mechanisms. The article also uncovers how rapid growth and absence of urban planning have produced two city making approaches, the "formal" and the "informal" cities converging parallel to each other. Furthermore, as the capital city of a Small Island Developing State, Santo Domingo's recent urban policies are embedded in global frameworks such as the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Climate Agreement; in this line, inequality and climate change vulnerabilities continue to be the city's main challenges in the 21rst century. • Santo Domingo's condition as a SIDS continues to threathen its urban development • The current city is the result of unplanned developments promoted by the state • Urban informality and climate change are the city's main current urban issues • Hybrid top-down approaches have been more successful when dealing with informality • The SDGs and the Paris Agreement are influencing urban planning in the city [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the conquest of the Aztec empire, the region to the northeast of New Spain remained in the hands of several indigenous tribes until Philip II granted Luis de Carvajal de la Cueva permission to begin the colonization of that region. Although Carvajal was now allowed to discover, pacify and colonize that territory, he did not have the necessary money to start the enterprise. In the first part of this article, I will consider, based on archival documents, who could have provided the funds. Although the documents found so far do not clearly show it, I believe that it was Miguel Núñez, Carvajal's fatherin- law, who contributed the largest part of the initial cost. The second part presents a brief biography of Núñez, whose interesting life included four years in the jails of the Inquisition, and was spent in Portugal, Spain, Morocco as well as in other parts of the New World, particularly in the island Hispaniola. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artí­culo describe la etapa menos conocida en la vida de Pedro Henrí­quez Ureña (1884- 1914), uno de los humanistas latinoamericanos más importantes del siglo XX. Describe los primeros pasos de este intelectual en la literatura, sus lecturas infantiles, escritos inaugurales y el influjo que tuvo en su formación el ambiente cultural y educativo de República Dominicana de finales del siglo XIX. Asimismo, incursiona en la vida familiar y el ideario pedagógico de Salomé Ureña y Francisco Henrí­quez, padres de Pedro, quienes formaban parte del sector ilustrado dominicano que contribuyó al desarrollo nacional con su labor educativa y literaria. Pedro Henrí­quez Ureña creció acompañado de esta élite y fue influido por la búsqueda de la identidad cultural dominicana, que tuvo sus fundamentos en la reforma educativa propuesta por Eugenio Marí­a de Hostos.

Copyright of Journal on Masculinities & Social Change / Masculinidades y Cambio Social is the property of Journal on Masculinities & Social Change / Masculinidades y Cambio Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Letras (0326-3363) is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)