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Objective: Short‐term outcomes of deep brain stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT‐DBS) were reported for people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy (PwE). Because long‐term data are still scarce, the Medtronic Registry for Epilepsy (MORE) evaluated clinical routine application of ANT‐DBS. Methods: In this multicenter registry, PwE with ANT‐DBS were followed up for safety, efficacy, and battery longevity. Follow‐up ended after 5 years or upon study closure. Clinical characteristics and stimulation settings were compared between PwE with no benefit, improvers, and responders, that is, PwE with average monthly seizure frequency reduction rates of ≥50%. Results: Of 170 eligible PwE, 104, 62, and 49 completed the 3‐, 4‐, and 5‐year follow‐up, respectively. Most discontinuations (68%) were due to planned study closure as follow‐up beyond 2 years was optional. The 5‐year follow‐up cohort had a median seizure frequency reduction from 16 per month at baseline to 7.9 per month at 5‐year follow‐up (p <.001), with most‐pronounced effects on focal‐to‐bilateral tonic–clonic seizures (n = 15, 77% reduction, p =.008). At last follow‐up (median 3.5 years), 41% (69/170) of PwE were responders. Unifocal epilepsy (p =.035) and a negative history of epilepsy surgery (p =.002) were associated with larger average monthly seizure frequency reductions. Stimulation settings did not differ between response groups. In 179 implanted PwE, DBS‐related adverse events (AEs, n = 225) and serious AEs (n = 75) included deterioration in epilepsy or seizure frequency/severity/type (33; 14 serious), memory/cognitive impairment (29; 3 serious), and depression (13; 4 serious). Five deaths occurred (none were ANT‐DBS related). Most AEs (76.3%) manifested within the first 2 years after implantation. Activa PC depletion (n = 37) occurred on average after 45 months. Significance: MORE provides further evidence for the long‐term application of ANT‐DBS in clinical routine practice. Although clinical benefits increased over time, side effects occurred mainly during the first 2 years. Identified outcome modifiers can help inform PwE selection and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores how and by what means an emergent health commons is (re)produced in practice. Drawing on recent studies that consider the materiality of citizens' struggles over the commons, it adopts a more-than-human approach to commoning. Employing ethnographic research on a communal healthcare cooperative in a region of the Netherlands that faces depopulation and institutional failure, I argue that the durability of an emergent health commons is a continuous and contested achievement involving infrastructuring. To articulate the ongoing infrastructural work needed to create and maintain the commons, I employ insights from Maintenance and Repair Studies that explore maintenance as a practice of material care. By exploring the care for infrastructure ethnographically, I specify which aspects of the community healthcare practice, precisely, are maintained in common, and for whom. My analysis reveals that commoning 'opens up' new ways of organizing health and existing in common, but may not always sustain radical openness when the social arrangements of the commons transform into steel and bricks. The maintainability of health in common, I suggest, hinges as much on nurturing 'social' bonds as on how such bonds are variously infrastructured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Résumé: Les influenceurs qui s'expriment sur le manger sain jouissent d'une forte popularité. Cette recherche enrichit la compréhension de la mise en scène du quotidien à travers les vlog en décryptant les pratiques alimentaires mises en scène par les Youtubeuses, et en caractérisant les éléments constitutifs de ces pratiques. La recherche révèle que ces pratiques reposent sur des aliments-totems, des significations faisant écho aux préoccupations des followers (alimentation végétale, optimisation du temps), et des compétences au service de la simplicité et de l'efficacité. La proximité relationnelle et l'exemplarité (notamment physique) sont centrales dans les vidéos. Les résultats de l'article permettent de recommander comment les pouvoirs publics pourraient s'emparer de ces canons de la communication digitale, que l'on caractérise ici de communauté de pratiques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La condition physique est un déterminant important de la santé chez les jeunes. L'objectif principal était d'évaluer le niveau de la condition physique dans une large population de jeunes français par rapport aux normes françaises préexistantes. Les objectifs secondaires étaient d'évaluer la prévalence des enfants ayant un profil de santé cardiovasculaire à risque et d'évaluer l'influence d'une activité pratiquée dans une association ou club sportif sur la condition physique des jeunes. Dans cette population, 2061 enfants (1054 garçons, 1007 filles) âgés de 10,6 ± 0,9 ans [7,8–14,3] et provenant de 6 régions françaises ont été inclus. L'endurance cardiorespiratoire, la force musculaire, la vitesse, et l'agilité/coordination ont été évalués par des tests de terrain dans le contexte scolaire. Les garçons ont eu significativement de meilleurs résultats que les filles, excepté pour le test d'agilité/coordination (p = 0,198). Les enfants normo-pondérés ont réalisé de meilleures performances que les enfants en surpoids ou obèses pour chaque composante de la condition physique étudiée (p < 0,001). Les enfants dénutris ont eu significativement de meilleurs résultats au test d'endurance cardiorespiratoire comparés aux enfants avec un statut pondéral normal (p < 0,01). Le pourcentage d'enfants ayant un profil de santé cardiovasculaire défavorable (à risque) était important, et il était plus élevé chez les garçons (22,4 %) par rapport aux filles (15,7 %) (p < 0,0001). Les enfants déclarant être inscrits dans une association sportive ou un club ont réalisé de meilleures performances que les enfants non-inscrits pour chaque composante de la condition physique (p < 0,0001). Ces nouvelles données permettent d'établir un nouveau point d'évaluation dans la surveillance de la condition physique des enfants français. D'après nos résultats il est important de développer et de mettre en place des programmes d'intervention et/ou de promotion de la santé dans les écoles françaises, terrain de jeu essentiel, afin d'améliorer la santé et la condition physique de ces enfants. Il est également primordial de proposer et de faciliter l'accès aux associations sportives ou clubs sportifs (par une aide financière ou encore des actions de promotion des pratiques fédérales) afin que l'intégralité des enfants puissent en bénéficier. Physical fitness is widely recognized as a powerful marker of health in children. The main aim of this study was to assess physical fitness levels in French children and to compare the findings to national reference standards. Secondary aims were to determine the prevalence of children below the minimum level of muscular strength needed to guarantee future favorable cardiovascular profile and to investigate physical fitness according to their sports club (SC) participation. Participants were 2061 French children (1054 boys, 1007 girls) 10.6 ± 0.9 years old [7.8–14.3]. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscular strength, speed, and agility were tested. Boys were physically fitter than girls, excepted for agility (P = 0.198). Normal weight children have significantly better results than overweight or obese children in all physical fitness tests (P < 0.001). Underweighted children have a better CRF compared to normal weighted children (P < 0.01). Our findings indicate that 22.4% of French boys and15.7% of French girls are at risk of future cardiovascular diseases (P < 0.0001). This subgroup also performed poorly in all tests used (P < 0.0001). Children participating in SC had a better physical fitness than children not participating in SC (P < 0.0001). These new data enable to establish a new assessment point in the monitoring of physical fitness in French children. Our findings indicate that the physical fitness of French children must be improved to prevent cardiovascular diseases, especially in boys. Developing and implementing interventions and/or health promotion programs in French schools, in order to improve the health and physical fitness of these children is crucial. In addition, policies should also offer and facilitate access to SC for children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ce travail s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une crise de gestion démographique dans les pays en développement en général et la RDC en particulier, avec tout ce que cela comporte comme maux possibles au plan socio-économique. De là, tout intérêt que revêt cette étude qui, remet en question l’état des lieux de la commune de Lukonga, dans la ville de Kananga dans la période qui va de 2018 à 2022. L’enquête a été menée auprès de 50 ménages avec un pas de sondage calculé à 7, mais aussi grâce aux interviews et à l’observation de terrain qui nous ont conduit aux résultats suivants : la population de commune de Lukonga connaît un accroissement considérable pour un taux de mortalité en baisse (0,52%), soit un taux d’accroissement naturel de 4,9% alors que le revenu annuel par ménage encore surpeuplé (taille moyenne de 8) est inférieur à 500$ américains. En plus, cette population est à plus de 50% sans emploi. Ce qui se traduit par un état de pauvreté non seulement extrême mais aussi très permanent. Et donc par voie de conséquence, cette pauvreté qui en découle est à la base des maladies liées à la carence nutritionnelle telles que le marasme, le kwashiorkor, la tuberculose, etc. Face à cette situation, il est proposé des politiques publiques appropriées qui visent le contrôle démographique à travers : le recensement de la population ; la divulgation de l’information sur la planification familiale ; l’amélioration de conditions de vie de la population. Cela signifie qu’il faut rechercher d’un équilibre entre la croissance démographie et la croissance économique du pays, en général et de Lukonga, notre milieu d’étude, en particulier, via la promotion des infrastructures du cadre macro-économique.

La sociologie est une étude scientifique des faits et des phénomènes sociaux. La santé est un fait social impliquant divers facteurs sociaux. Le rapport entre la sociologie et la santé reste encore théorique notamment dans les pays en développement comme la RD Congo. La médecine, malgré sa progression au cours de dernières décennies ne parvient toujours pas à résoudre de manière définitive les problèmes de santé de l’humanité qui se posent en grand nombre. Les épidémies et les pandémies, la complexité des faits, l’explosion démographique, la raréfaction de certaines ressources naturelles et l’industrialisation suscitent et contribuent à élargir des questionnements en sociologie de la santé. L’étude s’inscrit dans cette perspective lorsqu’elle se propose de démontrer ce qui intéresse la sociologie dans le domaine de la santé, de situer la portée sémantique des notions de base et de recenser les travaux à travers les thèmes fréquemment étudiés par les sociologues en matière de santé. En partant de la littérature spécialisée et de l’analyse des effets socio-culturels liés à la santé, il s’est avéré que la sociologie de la santé en RD Congo, contrairement à son émergence en Europe et aux U.S.A., est encore dans son état embryonnaire.

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En République Démocratique du Congo, dans la ville de Kinshasa en général, et en particulier dans la commune de Selembao voire quartier Madiata, la mauvaise gestion des déchets ménagers est l’une des principales causes des maladies et de pollution. On note le manque de réglementation et d’installations appropriées pour les déchets, surtout pour ceux qui sont dangereux, qu’ils soient infectieux ou toxiques. La population de ce quartier ne sait que faire des milliers de tonnes des déchets qui s’entassent partout. L’absence d’une bonne politique de gestion de ces déchets pose des graves problèmes touchant à la santé de cette population et à l’environnement. D’où, le risque accru des maladies, présence des plusieurs érosions, pollution, dégradation de l’environnement. Face à cette situation, il est proposé la mise en place d’un plan communal-sectoriel stratégique pour l’élimination des déchets ménagers ; la valorisation des déchets ménagers produits (source des revenus en même temps), la sensibilisation de la population par le pouvoir public et l’activation de la police de l’environnement. Bref, l’implication de l’Etat est indispensable.

La littérature dans le champ des ACEs (Adverse Childhood Experiences) a permis, depuis l'étude princeps réalisée en 1998 par Felitti et son équipe, de rendre compte du lien entre le vécu d'adversité durant l'enfance et l'émergence de problématiques de santé à l'âge adulte. Cette relation entre l'histoire de vie et la santé s'appuie sur un modèle du risque cumulatif. Depuis, différents modèles ont été proposés, mais pour la plupart des études, le modèle cumulatif de l'adversité reste principalement considéré. Bien que pertinent, il présente des limites importantes qui doivent être prises en compte. Il apparaît donc essentiel de disposer d'un état des lieux des modèles existants dans la littérature en tenant compte de leurs intérêts et de leurs limites afin de mieux appréhender les relations entre adversité vécues durant l'enfance et santé à l'âge adulte. Au regard de ce constat, l'objectif de cet article est de dresser un état des lieux des modèles les plus pertinents dans la littérature afin d'en saisir l'importance pour la recherche dans le domaine. Enfin, nous mettrons en perspective les données de la littérature pour proposer le déploiement d'une recherche plus précise dans le champ des ACEs. The literature in the field of ACEs (Adverse Childhood Experiences) has, since the seminal study begun in 1998 by Felitti and his team, provided the link between childhood adversity and the emergence of health problems in adulthood. This relationship between life history and health is based on a cumulative risk model. Since then, different models have been proposed, but for most studies, the cumulative adversity model is the main one considered. This model, although relevant, has important limitations that must be taken into account. It therefore seems essential to take stock of the existing models in the literature in consideration of their interests and their limitations in order to better understand the relationship between adversity experienced during childhood and health in adulthood. The objective of this article is to provide an overview of the most relevant models in the literature so as to understand their importance for research in the field. Finally, we will put the data of the literature into perspective to propose the deployment of more precise research approaches in the field of ACEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Pesticides in plant-derived foods are becoming an important problem due to their intensive use in plant cultivation. Today, specific pesticides are used in agriculture. Ever since pesticides are potentially hazardous to the environment and thus to human health through the consumption of pesticide-contaminated food. The European Community, as well as the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of the Republic of Turkey, have set maximum residue levels (MRLs) for pesticide residues in plant-based foods, based on the assumption that good agricultural practices are applied in the use of pesticides in agriculture. As a result, food products must be checked to ensure that MRLs are not violated. Therefore, an appropriate control of its residues in the samples should be carried out. In this study, polar pesticides in food based on plant origin were determined by LC-MS/MS after extraction with methanol according to modified Quick Polar Pesticides method which released and implemented by EURL. Optimization of 13 different polar pesticides was performed with LC-MS/MS Q-Trap. Once the optimization process was completed, the samples to be initialized according to the SANTE (Guidance document on analytical quality control and method validation procedures for pesticide residues and analysis in food and feed) guidelines have been carefully selected, including high water, high acid/high water, high sugar/low water, high oil/low water and high starch/low water content and difficult or unique commodities. Tomato, lemon, dried fig, red lentil, walnut and sage samples carefully selected according to SANTE guidelines, were run at two different concentration levels, at the detection limit of 10 µg/L and 100 µg/L. In the light of the studies, it was determined that the RSD (Relative Standard Deviation) criteria for reproducibility for all substances were below 20%. Furthermore, the recovery value for all substances was in the range of 70 – 120%. As a consequence, 13 different high-polar pesticide substances can be analyzed in plant-derived product groups with the LC-MS/MS method developed using a hypercarb column. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both society and human beings are evolving at exponential speeds. Health and medicine are following the same path. Digital technology and data are turning our world upside down. Information is becoming ephemeral, shared, sometimes inaccurate, incorrect and fragmented, and knowledge is shifting, evolving and sometimes uncertain. However, medical journals are still a vital channel for the transmission, validation and discussion of medical knowledge. They are an essential pillar of the medical community, contributing to the continuous improvement of healthcare and scientific progress in the medical field. Medical journals are both drivers and vehicles for medical innovation. They must, however, evolve and adapt to changes in society, and reinvent themselves in the light of medical issues, those of healthcare professionals and patients, and even new medical trends and themes such as data, artificial intelligence, sustainable development, transhumanism and unique health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RÉSUMÉ Au Mali, l'accès à la santé est une préoccupation majeure. Il est devenu une priorité nationale depuis la déclaration d'Alma-Ata en 1978. Dès lors, des efforts importants ont été consentis par l'État et ses partenaires pour atteindre cet objectif. Ces efforts semblent insuffisants dans le district sanitaire de Bougouni, car, plus de la moitié de la population reste très loin des services de santé de base. Face à ce constat, évaluer l'accessibilité géographique aux soins de santé est essentiel pour identifier les localités qui ont été laissées pour compte, d"où l'objet de cette recherche dans le district de Bougouni. Trois types de données sont mobilisées : l'effectif de la population, la localisation des centres de santé communautaires et le réseau routier. Deux étapes consécutives résument la démarche utilisée : la méthode des aires d'attraction flottantes à deux étapes améliorées (E2SFCA) a été utilisée pour mesurer la dimension spatiale de l'accessibilité aux services de santé. Elle est complétée par les analyses d'autocorrélation spatiale notamment l'indice local Moran pour détecter les regroupements des localités à faible ou à forte valeur d'accessibilité spatiale. Les résultats révèlent de fortes disparités spatiales intra et infra communale d'accès aux soins primaires de santé et questionnent parallèlement l'efficacité de la politique de couverture géographique des populations aux soins de base. Ils mettent également en évidence la pression démographique sur les services de santé existants et proposent des pistes pour améliorer significativement l'accès géographique aux services de santé. In Mali, access to healthcare is a major concern. It has been a national priority since the Alma-Ata Declaration in 1978. Since then, major efforts have been made by the State and its partners to achieve this objective. These efforts appear insufficient in the Bougouni health district, where more than half the population is still far from basic health services. Given this situation, it is essential to assess geographical accessibility to healthcare to identify the localities that have been left behind, hence the purpose of this research in the Bougouni District. Three types of data were used: the size of the population, the location of community health centers and the road network. Two consecutive stages summarize the approach used, the improved two-stage floating attraction area method (E2SFCA) was used to measure the spatial dimension of accessibility to health services. It was supplemented by spatial autocorrelation analyses, particularly the local Moran index, to detect clusters of localities with low or high spatial accessibility values. The results reveal strong spatial disparities in access to primary healthcare within and between communes and at the same time call into question the effectiveness of the policy of geographical coverage of the population in terms of basic healthcare. They also highlight the demographic pressure on existing health services and suggest ways of significantly improving geographical access to health services. MOTS CLÉS [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Este artículo presenta una reflexión analítica sobre la salud en la frontera brasileña, resultado de investigaciones realizadas en ese territorio. El objetivo es discutir y reflexionar sobre los elementos que involucran la cooperación y la integración de los países en relación a la salud en territorios fronterizos con Brasil. El Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) que orienta la política de salud en Brasil, es gratuito, universal, integral y equitativo; sin embargo, los países con los que limita tienen modelos de salud diferentes. El artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación cualitativa y participativa en una región fronteriza. Como resultado, se puede señalar que la salud en la frontera todavía constituye un desafío para Brasil y los países fronterizos vecinos. Demuestran la necesidad de hacer más esfuerzos y una cooperación transnacional para construir políticas integradas para las regiones fronterizas brasileñas que satisfagan las demandas de las poblaciones locales, en Brasil y en los países vecinos.

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Un nombre croissant de jeunes s'identifient comme transgenres ou de diverses identités de genre. De nombreux pédiatres et dispensateurs de soins de première ligne accueilleront cette population dans leur pratique, dans le cadre de soins liés au genre ou de soins de santé généraux. Le présent document de principes se veut une ressource pour orienter les pédiatres et les dispensateurs de soins de première ligne à adopter une approche d'affirmation pour la prestation des soins réguliers à tous les jeunes. De plus, il contient de l'information visant à aider les dispensateurs à répondre aux demandes de conseils des jeunes transgenres et de diverses identités de genre et de leur famille au sujet des possibilités de transition médicale et d'orientation vers des services spécialisés s'ils le désirent et le jugent pertinent. Enfin, on anticipe que la demande de soins d'affirmation de genre continue d'augmenter, et certains dispensateurs de soins peuvent souhaiter acquérir les connaissances et les habiletés nécessaires pour amorcer les inhibiteurs d'hormones et les hormones d'affirmation de genre chez les adolescents. Le présent document ne contient pas de directives cliniques, mais de l'information fondamentale au sujet des divers éléments possibles des soins d'affirmation de genre, tout en reconnaissant que les besoins et les objectifs d'adolescents particuliers n'incluent pas automatiquement de telles interventions. D'autres ressources permettant d'acquérir les compétences nécessaires pour offrir des interventions d'affirmation de genre sont également proposées. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the process of educating the health culture of a future teacher. Among the theoretical research methods, the main ones were: conceptual and comparative analysis (study of pedagogical, philosophical and psychological literature, textbooks on the research topic); structural system analysis (theoretical analysis of problems, modeling of the studied systems, comparative, comparative and retrospective analyzes, diagnostics and forecasting of initial approaches and research consequences). The research model helps to improve the process of educating a future teacher's personality in terms of creating a health preserving environment of higher education, is able apply to creatively acquired health preserving knowledge, skills and abilities in practice as well as to find, process, analyze, use information independently, think nonlinearly, use modern content in future teacher's activities, methods of education, technologies, pedagogical techniques, acquire the necessary personal qualities, selfchange and strive for continuous self-improvement. The education of a health culture for a future teacher's personality is a purposeful, structures and managed system of ideas and principles, indicators, levels, criteria, guidelines and recommendations, as well as certain organizational and pedagogical conditions and tools, united by a single concept; it is aimed at individual creative development of a future specialist's personality in the structure of multilevel pedagogical education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Practical information is needed on the extent to which elite and competitive female athletes can continue to train and compete safely during pregnancy, without risk for themselves or their child, as well as advice for the postpartum period, including breast-feeding. Such information is also needed to recommend cycling for non-athlete women who wish to exercise. For this reason, the International Cycling Union (UCI) has produced this guide to provide information for all those who participate in recreational cycling activities and UCI sanctioned competitions during pregnancy. This policy has been developed utilising the AGREE II instrument and has had input from elite female cyclists, including those who have came back to compete following pregnancy. Supported by clinical evidence, the UCI encourages women to continue cycling throughout their pregnancy. Although cycling exercise is generally safe during pregnancy, some general principles are required for women, especially when cycling in the heat. No competitive cycling events included in the UCI calendar are possible beyond the 1st trimester of pregnancy, mainly to prevent the risk of trauma to the uterus and foetus in the event of an accident. However, the UCI encourages pregnant women to participate in recreational/leisure cycling as a form of physical activity throughout their pregnancy; but the ability to participate in organised recreational activities is only possible up to the end of the 1st trimester. Exercise, and especially cycling exercise, should be viewed as an important component to improve women's psychological health and common complaints during the postpartum period. Breast-feeding is highly recommended when women return to exercise and there is no impact of exercise on the quantity and quality of breast-milk. There are no significant disadvantages with regard to foetal and/or maternal conditions with high-intensity training programmes when they are subjectively tolerated and carefully monitored, at least during the first trimester of pregnancy. For the global population, exercises at moderate-intensity during pregnancy have many positive effects for both the mothers and their unborn children. That is why it is highly recommended that pregnant women begin or continue biking at moderate-intensity at least 150 minutes a week with at least 3 sessions of a duration longer than 30 minutes each. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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La recherche proposée s’inscrit dans la logique d’aborder la relation santé et tourisme en contexte africain dans le cas de la station balnéaire de Cap Skirring au Sénégal. Elle tente d’y approcher les enjeux de ce lien à travers l’aménagement sanitaire, les difficultés et les stratégies d’adaptation dans le recours aux soins aussi bien pour la population locale que pour le touriste. L’objectif de cette étude est ainsi de faire une lecture sur la place accordée à la santé dans l’aménagement du territoire en général au Cap Skirring. La méthode qualitative est utilisée dans le recueil de données avec des entretiens destinés aux acteurs dont les hôteliers, les touristes, les agences de voyage, l’agence du tourisme et la population locale pour traduire les perceptions et vécus sur la question. Les constats sortis de cette étude sont de plusieurs ordre. Premièrement, l’offre de soins locale est faible au regard des besoins exprimés par la population locale et les touristes. Ainsi, la santé, objet éminemment politique, est un « impensé » pour la population locale et le touriste. Deuxièmement, les possibilités de recours aux soins, au-delà des soins primaires, sont conditionnées par les évacuations vers Oussouye, Ziguinchor, Dakar en cas d’urgence dans des conditions difficiles (risques). Troisièmement, en même temps, des stratégies d’adaptation sont développées dans le cadre d’un « tourisme solidaire » qui atténuent les manquements de l’offre de soins (engagement humanitaire). Finalement, la situation évoquée constitue un frein au développement touristique au point de compromettre les rares initiatives d’envergure mises en place par le Sénégal pour promouvoir la destination.

La rédaction du présent article part d’un constat malheureux, celui du disfonctionnement des certains établissements hospitaliers à Kinshasa. Selon cette recherche, ce disfonctionnement, particulièrement dans la gestion du dossier médical, est dû à l’usage du dossier patient en format papier. Notre étude vise à décrire l’évolution des perceptions de l’usage du Dossier Physique du Malade (DPM) dans six établissements de santé en République démocratique du Congo (RDC). Il s’agit d’une étude quantitative basée sur des questions fermées soumises aux professionnels de santé et à quelques malades. Ce questionnaire comprenait 20 questions formulées autours des erreurs, risques, problèmes et solutions liés au DPM. Sur base de leurs expériences quotidiennes, les répondants devaient confirmer ou infirmer que l’usage du DPM devenait un danger pour l’atteinte des soins des qualités. Les résultats montrent que l’usage du DPM expose de plus en plus les établissements de santé à la destruction massive du DPM (brulage), pratique très fréquentes en RDC. Il expose également ces derniers à des erreurs d’identifications, de classements ou d’inattentions et à des retards dans la mise à disposition du DPM.

The covid -19 pandemic severely disrupted the education system in Canada from March 2020 throughout the 2020–21 school year. It also had disproportionate secondary effects on women in terms of unpaid care, economic loss, and poor mental health. This article explores the lived experience of women educators in the province of Alberta, drawing on interviews and focus groups with 39 educators. Findings indicate that the pandemic not only exacerbated the triple burden that women educators, in particular, bear but added additional layers of responsibility related to public health management, educating children at home, elder care responsibilities, and emotional labour. The essential role women educators fulfilled within the covid -19 response, at work and at home, cost them time, professional development opportunities, mental wellness, and the positive rewards that had drawn them to the educational field. Current concerns around educator burnout and retention may be mitigated by acting on the recommendations of women educators regarding the development of more equitable education systems and social policy. La pandémie de covid -19 a gravement perturbé le système éducatif au Canada à partir de mars 2020 tout au long de l'année scolaire 2020-2021. Elle a également eu des effets secondaires disproportionnés sur les femmes au point de vue soins non rémunérés, perte économique et mauvaise santé mentale. Cet article explore l'expérience vécue des éducatrices dans la province de l'Alberta, en s'appuyant sur des entrevues et des groupes de discussion avec 39 éducatrices. Les résultats indiquent que la pandémie a non seulement exacerbé le triple fardeau que portent les éducatrices, en particulier, mais a ajouté des niveaux supplémentaires de responsabilité liés à la gestion de la santé publique, à l'éducation des enfants à la maison, aux responsabilités des soins aux personnes âgées et au travail émotionnel. Le rôle essentiel joué par les éducatrices dans le cadre de la réponse à la covid -19, au travail et à la maison, leur a coûté du temps, des possibilités d'avancement professionnel, le bien-être mental et les récompenses positives qui les avaient attirées vers le domaine de l'éducation. Les préoccupations actuelles concernant l'épuisement et la rétention des éducatrices peuvent être atténuées en agissant sur les recommandations des éducatrices concernant le développement de systèmes éducatifs et de politiques sociales plus équitables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dans cet article, les contrats de travail signés au Tennessee par les propriétaires fonciers et les affranchis sont placés au centre d'une étude sur un paradoxe de la liberté aux États-Unis. Nous soutenons l'idée que la santé des affranchis – qui comprend les soins médicaux, la subsistance et la protection physique – se négocie durant et après la guerre de Sécession dans le but d'assujettir les intérêts des Noirs, de l'État et des propriétaires terriens à un idéal de relations sociales de production régi par la liberté, le droit et le marché. En examinant les contrats de travail et leurs clauses médicales, nous revisitons l'approche médico-politique qui a maintes fois conduit les historiens à la thèse de l'échec de la Reconstruction. Nous plaçons aussi la famille noire dans le processus d'émancipation et de production par la voie des contrats et d'une relecture de la « culture de la dissimulation » proposée par l'historienne Darlene Clark Hine il y a plus de trente ans. Enfin, nous nous éloignons d'une lecture qui réduit les contrats à la seule oppression dont étaient victimes les Noirs après la guerre de Sécession. En complément, nous invitons le lecteur à examiner les débats sur la citoyenneté qui ont suivi la ratification du treizième amendement. This article places the labor contracts signed in Tennessee by landowners and freedmen at the center of a study of a paradox of freedom in the United States. The text argues that freedmen's health – which included medical care, sustenance, and physical protection – was negotiated during and after the Civil War with the goal of subjugating the interests of blacks, the state, and landowners to an ideal of social relations of production governed by freedom, law, and the market. Through an examination of labor contracts and their medical clauses, the article revisits the medical-political approach that has repeatedly led historians to the failure of Reconstruction. It also places the black family in the process of emancipation and production through contracts and a rereading of the "culture of dissemblance" proposed by historian Darlene Clark Hine over thirty years ago. Finally, the article moves away from a reading that reduces contracts to the oppression blacks faced after the Civil War. As additional input, the article invites an examination of the debates over citizenship that followed the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Par la nature de ses missions de sécurité intérieure (incendies, accidents de la route, catastrophes naturelles, etc.), le sapeur-pompier est quotidiennement exposé à la souffrance humaine et aux facteurs de stress. Bien que les études sur l'ESPT des secouristes soient abondantes, la littérature scientifique manque sur la mesure du stress perçu et des stratégies de coping qu'utilisent les sapeurs-pompiers pour faire face à ce stress. 1) Comparer notre échantillon de sapeurs-pompiers par rapport à la population générale concernant le stress perçu et les stratégies d'ajustement face au stress, 2) analyser et comparer ces résultats sur différentes sous-catégories de sapeurs-pompiers : hommes et femmes, statut de volontaire ou de professionnel, grade d'officier ou d'homme du rang, ancienneté de moins d'un an ou de plus de cinq ans. Un lien internet a été transmis à 82 sapeurs-pompiers du département de Seine-et-Marne par leur chef de centre, comprenant un questionnaire sociodémographique ainsi que trois auto-questionnaires mesurant le stress perçu (PSS-10), les stratégies de coping (WCC-R) et la santé générale (GHQ-28). L'anonymat et la confidentialité des données a été respectée. Les sapeurs-pompiers ne sont pas plus stressés que la population générale, mais utilisent moins fréquemment des stratégies de coping centrées sur l'émotion et sur la recherche de soutien social. Par ailleurs les secouristes de sexe féminin se sentent davantage stressées, utilisent plus fréquemment un coping centré sur l'émotion, et obtiennent des indicateurs de santé plus dommageables que leurs collègues masculins. À l'inverse, aucune différence significative n'a été constatée selon le statut, le rang hiérarchique ou l'ancienneté du sapeur-pompier. Bien que la faible proportion d'officiers et de femmes au sein de notre échantillon constitue une limite méthodologique à notre étude, elle permet toutefois d'interroger la santé mentale des femmes dans ce corps de métier. Des recherches futures doivent être effectuées dans ce sens. Due to the nature of their internal security missions (fires, traffic accidents, natural, industrial and technological disasters), firefighters are exposed to human suffering and stress on a daily basis. Although there is an abundance of studies on post-traumatic stress disorder in firefighters, there is a lack of scientific literature on the measurement of perceived stress and coping strategies used by firefighters to deal with these stressful situations. 1) to compare our sample of firefighters to the general population concerning perceived stress, coping strategies, and general somatic and psychological health, 2) to analyze and compare these results on different subcategories of firefighters: male and female, volunteer or professional status, officer or non-commissioned rank, seniority of less than one year or more than five years. An Internet link was sent to 82 fire fighters in the Seine-et-Marne department by their center chief, including a socio-demographic questionnaire as well as three self-administered questionnaires measuring perceived stress (PSS-10), coping strategies (WCC-R), and general health (GHQ-28). The anonymity of the agents and the confidentiality of the data were respected, and a voluntary and informed consent form was signed in advance. Firefighters were no more stressed than the general population, but they used emotion-focused coping strategies and sought out social support services less frequently. On the other hand, female firefighters reported more stress, more frequent use of emotion-focused coping, and had more severe health indicators than their male colleagues. Conversely, no significant differences were found between volunteer and professional firefighters, nor between officers and other hierarchical classes, nor between agents who had been in service for less than one year or for more than five years. Although the low proportion of officers and women in our sample is a methodological limitation to our study, it does allow us to question the mental health of women in this profession. Future research is needed to better understand the psychological reality of women in the corps and to open the debate on the need for feminization of the profession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the resurgence of urban bathhouses (called estuves in French after the stoves that heated them) between the thirteenth and sixteenth centuries in Paris and other northern French‐speaking cities. Popular and widespread institutions, bathhouses contributed to both individual well‐being and civic health in cities across the kingdom. Using medical treatises, trial records, literary sources, and archival documentation, the article argues that bathhouses encouraged sociability, brought disparate groups together, and were in fact essential to the circulation and well‐being of people in medieval cities as places of emotional community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper synthesizes theories and concepts related to rurality, health and wellbeing, and governance to propose a new conceptual framework for researching health and wellbeing in rural communities. The framework emphasizes positive framing of health and wellbeing; the influence of governance concepts; considering impact of decisions on diverse populations; responding to change through resilience, adaptation, and transformation; fostering creativity and collaboration; maintaining a focus on health; and ongoing capacity building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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