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La minería ha tenido una gran influencia en las sociedades humanas, permeando por igual las riquezas del suelo y la cultura, lo que ha tenido profundas implicaciones para los individuos dedicados a esta labor y para los lugares en los que se lleva a cabo. En el presente artículo, se describen las características socioculturales y de sanidad, así como las enfermedades más frecuentes en las minas de oro de Marmato (Caldas) durante el siglo XIX. Las precarias condiciones de salubridad y las enfermedades tropicales infecciosas persistieron en la población durante todo el siglo.

Objetivo: Determinar los valores de la bacteria e indicador fecal Escherichia coli para aguas de mar de uso seguro y recreacional de la playa Pucusana, Lima. Materiales y Métodos: Las campañas de muestreos se realizaron una vez por semana en el estío del 2019 y procesados en el Laboratorio de Microbiología de la FCB de la Universidad Ricardo Palma mediante colimetría y el método del número más probable NMP. Resultados: Se comprobó la presencia de esta especie en todas las muestras analizadas, con el valor crítico de 3000 NMP/100 ml. Diez cepas fueron enviadas al INS que determinó que no existe ningún serotipo patogénico, y de acuerdo con regulación peruana la calificación es inaceptable. Conclusiones: Se demuestra la carencia de salubridad ambiental y su relevancia en salud pública porque la disentería puede ser generada por este coliforme que afecta al crecimiento y desarrollo infantil e impacta en los adultos. Los factores de riesgo son producidos principalmente por la producción y vertido de las aguas residuales llevados por los colectores al mar y aunque importante proporción de estas aguas son procesadas en la Planta de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales PTAR Pucusana que son reutilizadas en riego de áreas verdes y así poder integrar también su reúso en agricultura, se identificaron vertimientos domésticos y municipales que descargan al Pacífico, problemática que debe tener un buen manejo y fiscalización ambiental porque deteriora el medio ambiente sobre todo los mares y nuestras vidas dependen directamente de los océanos.

Copyright of Acta Médica Peruana is the property of Colegio Medico del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El presente estudio tiene como propósito analizar la epidemia de cólera en la ciudad de Chillán, Chile, la cual permite valorar las prácticas de higiene y salubridad urbana de la ciudad efectuadas por las autoridades entre los años 1880-1900. Un caso importante fue dicha epidemia, que afectó principalmente a los sectores populares ubicados en la periferia de la ciudad. Las autoridades trataron de efectuar estrategias de higiene y salubridad con el propósito de educar a la población y mejorar la calidad de vida de sus habitantes.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the cholera epidemic in the city of Chillán, Chile, which allows assessing the city's hygiene and urban health practices carried out by the authorities in the period 1880-1900. This epidemic was an important case, which mainly affected the popular sectors located in the city outskirts. Authorities tried to carry out hygiene and health strategies aimed at educating the population and improving the quality of life of its inhabitants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Any study that examines the effects of area-based attributes on individual behaviors or outcomes faces another fundamental methodological problem besides the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP). It is the problem that results about these effects can be affected by how contextual units or neighborhoods are geographically delineated and the extent to which these areal units deviate from the true geographic context. The problem arises because of the spatial uncertainty in the actual areas that exert the contextual influences under study and the temporal uncertainty in the timing and duration in which individuals experienced these contextual influences. Using neighborhood effects and environmental health research as a point of departure, this article clarifies the nature and sources of this problem, which is referred to as the uncertain geographic context problem (UGCoP). It highlights some of the inferential errors that the UGCoP might cause and discusses some means for mitigating the problem. It reviews recent studies to show that both contextual variables and research findings are sensitive to different delineations of contextual units. The article argues that the UGCoP is a problem as fundamental as the MAUP but is a different kind of problem. Future research needs to pay explicit attention to its potential confounding effects on research results and to methods for mitigating the problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental pollutants are now widespread not only in the environment but in human bodies. Seafood is one of the main sources of human exposure to many of these chemicals, with concern mainly about effects on fetal development. This article examines toxicological, epidemiological, and other public health scholarship on contaminated seafood to understand how these environmental health concerns are constituted as an object of knowledge and management. Analyzing current approaches to contaminated seafood through the lens of biopolitics, the article shows that the dominant approach is one in which risk is used to secure the population by calculating the net benefits and hazards of women's seafood consumption, with the goal being to influence women's “seafood choices.” This marks a new arena of biopolitical concern about how the contaminated environment is changing the nature of humans by altering cognitive development and intelligence. It also marks a new, highly gendered regime of biosecurity in which women are positioned as protectors of the population against the threat of contamination. By calculating proper seafood choices, risk spatializes reproductive women as the bodily threshold between the contaminated environment and the population. Risk thus places responsibility for environmental health on women, who must make proper choices to manage movement of pollutants through their own bodies. In making this argument, the article opens up a new field of inquiry into health as a nature–society issue and contributes new insight about the constitutive role of both gender and environment in biopolitics. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]